Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
3
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
1
1
51~
11
58
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
2
.i
3
.pp
11
51
-
11
58
1
151
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
An Intell
igent Fr
amewor
k Protot
ype for
Monitori
ng Stud
en
ts
in Virtu
al Classr
oo
m
Ash
u
t
os
h
Sat
apathy
, Jenil
a
Li
ving
s
ton L.
M
School
of
Com
p
uti
ng
Sci
ence an
d
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
VIT
-
Chenna
i
,
In
dia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
12
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
A
pr
2
1
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
Aug
2
1
, 201
8
Virtua
l
class
room
is
one
of
the
f
aste
st
growing
e
duca
t
iona
l
techn
ologi
es
used
b
y
m
an
y
indust
rie
s
and
inst
it
ut
ions.
Today
,
V
oic
e
ov
er
Int
ern
et
Protoco
l
(VoIP
)
cl
oud
is
bec
om
e
a
m
ost
a
cc
ep
te
d
rep
l
a
ce
m
ent
to
diff
e
ren
t
vi
rtual
cl
assroom
te
ch
nologi
es
such
as
in
te
rne
t
cha
t
,
interne
t
rad
io,
web
conf
ere
n
ci
ng
,
tr
adi
ti
on
al
vid
eo
conf
ere
n
ci
ng
an
d
pee
r
to
p
ee
r
VoIP
ca
ll
s.
It
provide
s
gre
at
er
fle
xib
il
i
t
y
,
relia
bil
ity
and
cost
e
ffic
i
ent
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
ion
fea
tur
es
and
op
era
t
es
on
compara
t
ive
l
y
le
ss
er
bandwidt
h.
Invo
lve
m
en
t
of
new
te
chno
log
y
in
virt
u
al
cl
assr
oom
m
ake
s
it
m
ore
reliab
le
to
t
ea
ch
ers
and
student
s.
Stil
l
it
foll
ows
tra
d
it
ional
m
et
hods
to
m
onit
or
st
udent
s
b
y
invi
gilator
whe
t
her
it
m
a
y
b
e
in
side
the
class
room
or
hom
e
study
.
A
sec
ure
fra
m
ework
for
virt
ual
cl
assroom
is
deve
lope
d
to
not
onl
y
m
onitor
student
’s
ac
t
ivi
ties
cont
in
uousl
y
but
al
so
t
he
amount
of
ti
m
e
spent
by
e
ach
student
and
provide
se
cur
ity
against
unsec
ure
unaut
hor
iz
ed
logi
n
.
A
n
eff
e
ct
i
v
e
m
onit
oring
S
y
st
em
base
d
on
Li
vene
ss
Face
Detect
ion
techniqu
es
is
pr
oposed
to
add
m
ore
fl
e
xibi
lit
y
to
cond
uct
vir
tua
l
class
room
and
al
so
i
ncr
ea
ses
th
e
le
ve
l
of
sec
uri
tie
s of
e
ac
h
stud
ent’s
ac
coun
ts.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Livenes
s f
ace
detect
ion
Mon
it
ori
ng sys
tem
Virtual cla
ss
room
VoIP
VoIP
cl
oud
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f
Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Jenila
Livi
ng
st
on L.
M
,
School
of
Com
pu
ti
ng
Scie
nce
and E
ngineeri
ng,
VIT
-
Che
nnai
, In
dia
.
Em
a
il
:
j
enila
.lm
@v
it
.ac.in
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
E
-
le
ar
ning
is
the
us
e
of
el
ec
tro
nic
educat
io
nal
te
chnolo
gi
es
in
le
arn
i
ng
and
te
ac
hing.
Web
base
d
le
arn
in
g,
m
ultim
edia
le
arn
in
g,
virt
ual
le
arn
in
g
en
vir
on
m
ent
and
m
ob
il
e
le
arn
in
g
are
diff
e
ren
t
m
od
es
of
pro
vid
in
g
e
du
cat
ion
[1
]
.
It
i
s
m
ai
nly
div
id
ed
i
nto
t
wo
ty
pes,
asy
nc
hro
nous
e
-
Lea
r
nin
g
an
d
sy
nc
hrono
us
e
-
Lear
ning.
Synchr
onous
e
-
L
earn
i
ng
is
t
he
on
li
ne
cl
ass
th
at
requires
bo
t
h
stu
de
nts
an
d
te
acher
to
be
onli
ne
at
the
sam
e
tim
e.
Virtual
cl
assr
oo
m
(V
C)
is
the
virt
ual
le
arn
in
g
en
vir
on
m
ent,
w
her
e
te
a
cher
a
nd
stu
de
nts
are
logged
into
it
at
the
sam
e
tim
e
and
pa
rtic
ipate
in
sync
hrono
us
i
ns
tr
uction
just
li
ke
re
al
-
w
or
ld
cl
assr
oo
m
.
It
can
be
we
b
ba
sed
(e
.g.,
Bi
gB
lueb
utton)
or
s
of
t
war
e
base
d
(e.
g.
,
Sk
y
pe)
.
I
n
we
b
-
base
d
V
C,
we
b
bro
wse
rs
are
us
e
d
as
cl
assr
oo
m
interface
and
it
is
platfor
m
ind
epe
nd
e
nt
[
2].
I
n
so
ft
war
e
bas
ed
VC,
li
ght
weig
ht
app
li
cat
io
ns
ar
e
us
ed
as
cl
ass
room
interface
wh
ic
h
is
platf
or
m
dep
en
da
nt
i.e.
app
li
cat
io
ns
f
or
m
at
and
siz
e
are
var
ie
d
f
or
diff
e
ren
t e
nd
us
er
operati
ng syst
e
m
s.
As
discusse
d
e
arli
er,
virtu
al
c
la
ssroom
enab
l
es
te
acher
an
d
stud
ents
t
o
c
om
e
on
li
ne
t
o
t
ake
par
t
i
n
cl
assroom
session
.
I
t
no
t
only
conn
ect
s
stu
de
nts fro
m
d
iffe
r
ent cor
ner
of th
e earth
, but als
o
al
lo
ws
them
to
see
and
ta
lk
with
each
oth
e
r
du
rin
g
cl
assroom
session
.
Different
te
ch
no
l
ogie
s
are
invol
ved
to
set
up
virtu
al
cl
a
ssroom
[
3].
So
m
e o
f
t
he ne
w
te
ch
nolo
gies
are discu
ssed
belo
w.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
1
51
–
1
1
58
1152
1.1
.
Virtu
al
Clas
sr
oom Te
chno
l
og
ie
s
1.1.1
Virtu
al
World
Virtual
w
or
l
d
edu
cat
io
n
pro
vid
es
3
-
D
en
vi
ronm
ent
wh
er
e
te
acher
an
d
stud
e
nts
m
ee
t
al
ive
and
interact
with
e
ach
oth
e
r.
It
us
es
ne
w
ge
ner
at
ion
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
te
ch
nolo
gy
V
oIP
a
nd
di
gital
equ
i
pm
e
nts
f
or
bette
r
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
and
gr
e
at
er
disp
la
y.
A
s
syst
e
m
s
are
e
qu
i
pp
e
d
with
l
arg
e
m
e
m
or
y,
stora
ge,
hi
gh
powe
r
com
pu
ta
ti
on
al
un
it
s
(e.
g.
,
gra
ph
ic
s
car
d,
C
P
U)
,
the
b
a
ndwi
dth
c
ons
um
pti
on is e
xtrem
el
y hig
h.
1.1.2
Vo
I
P
Clou
d
VoIP
cl
oud
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
is
IP
networ
k
base
d
au
di
o
an
d/or
vid
e
o
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
w
he
re
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
ap
plica
ti
on
s,
process
or
s
,
m
e
m
or
ie
s
an
d
stora
ges
are
hos
te
d
at
a
third
par
ty
datace
nt
r
e
and
these
are
acce
s
sed
over
t
he
in
te
rn
et
[
4]
.
Part
ic
ularly
,
V
oIP
cl
oud
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
is
the
s
uccess
or
to
ty
pical
po
i
nt to p
oin
t
VoIP. He
re,
teac
her
s
and
stu
den
ts
lo
gin
us
i
ng thin
term
inals t
o
acce
ss
clo
ud servic
es.
2.
LIT
ERATUR
E REVIE
W
Most
of
the
e
m
plo
ye
es
are
will
ing
to
purs
ue
a
sec
ond
de
gr
ee
a
fter
ea
rni
ng
a
bac
helo
r
degree.
M
ost
of
degree
stu
de
nts
are
as
piring
to
bo
os
t
their
careers
by
ta
ki
ng
c
ourses
in
the
form
of
dis
ta
nce
ed
ucati
on.
T
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
issue
in
dist
ance
e
du
cat
io
n
is
stu
de
nt’s
at
ti
tud
es
an
d
te
acher
’s
pr
e
par
e
dness.
It
r
equ
i
re
s
distan
ce
-
le
a
rn
i
ng
c
ourses
a
re
need
e
d
to
be
pro
per
ly
im
ple
m
ented
an
d
de
li
ver
ed
.
S
o
tha
t
stud
e
nt
can
l
earn
as
m
uch
as
in
on
-
cam
pu
s
co
urs
es
[
5].
T
he
USDLA
sta
te
d
t
ha
t
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
te
ch
nolog
ie
s
can
be
use
d
t
o
deliver
te
achi
ng
in
distance
l
earn
i
ng
e
nv
ir
onm
ent,
w
hich
transm
it
and
r
ecei
ve
var
i
ou
s
stuff
th
rou
gh
vo
ic
e,
vid
e
o
a
nd
data
.
To
a
ddres
s
th
e
ab
ov
e
iss
ue,
virtu
al
cl
ass
room
is
widely
adopted
ar
ound
the
w
or
l
d
in
la
st
two
decad
e
s.
On
e
of
t
he
m
ajo
r
i
ssu
es
relat
ed
t
o
vi
rtual
cl
ass
room
is
the
ro
le
s
an
d
act
iv
it
ie
s
of
pa
rtic
ipants
.
It inclu
des
a
great
d
eal
of
res
ources
d
e
dicat
e
d
to
teac
hi
ng prepa
rati
on a
nd
stud
e
nt’s su
pp
or
t
[6
]
.
Harris
desc
rib
ed,
the
chall
e
ng
e
s
a
te
acher
faces
durin
g
virtu
al
cl
assr
oom
relat
ed
to
m
on
it
or
in
g
stud
e
nt’s
act
ivi
ti
es.
Stud
e
nts
a
re
oft
en
distr
ac
te
d
by
the
a
vai
la
bili
ty
of
the
te
chnolo
gies
s
uc
h
as
em
ai
l,
su
rf
th
e
internet
et
c.
A
s
internet
ope
n
the
do
or
to
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
outsi
de
the
cl
assroom
,
there
is
an
increa
se
the
po
s
sibil
it
y
of
academ
ic
dish
on
e
sty
.
A
to
ol
nam
ed
Synchro
nEye
wh
ic
h
was
us
ed
by
t
he
te
ache
r
to
ob
s
er
ve
stud
e
nt’s
act
i
vi
ti
es
by
prov
i
ding
real
ti
m
e
view
of
stu
de
nt’s
m
on
it
or
as
thu
m
bn
ai
ls
or
a
f
ull
scre
en
[
7].
It all
ow
s
teac
he
r
to
bro
a
dcast
sel
ect
ed
scree
ns t
o rem
ote stud
ents
to pr
om
pt co
ll
aborati
ve l
earn
in
g.
Jaka
b
et
al
.
presented
a
u
ni
fied
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
te
ch
no
l
ogy
that
integrat
es
sever
al
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
s
and
s
upports
s
erv
ic
es
s
uch
as
vo
ic
e,
em
ai
l,
web
form
,
wh
it
e
bo
ar
d
an
d
fi
le
sh
arin
g
[
8].
Most
us
e
d
prot
oco
l
s
and
a
rc
hitec
tur
es
for
unifie
d
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
te
chnolo
gy
are
directl
y
from
VoIP
s
olu
ti
ons
.
It
pro
vid
es
c
onta
ct
on
t
he
basis
of
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
canal
with
cu
rr
e
ntly
highest
pri
ori
ty
.
If
so
m
ebo
dy
wis
hes
to
c
omm
u
nicat
e
with
su
c
h
per
s
on,
it
s
acce
ssib
il
ity
cou
ld
be
c
heck
e
d
th
r
ough
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
ca
nal.
Vide
o
co
nfere
nce
is
done
thr
ough
co
nf
e
r
ence
ser
ver
by
changin
g
en
d
po
int
eq
uip
m
ent
to
vid
e
o
V
oI
P
phone.
T
hi
s
fr
am
ewo
rk
i
s
no
t
resist
ive a
gains
t unsecu
re
un
a
uthorize
d
lo
gin usi
ng cre
den
ti
al
s o
f
r
e
gistere
d
st
ud
e
nt.
Don
da
et
al
.
pro
posed
a
dist
ance
ed
ucati
on
syst
e
m
has
two
c
om
po
ne
nt
s,
a
cl
assr
oo
m
syst
e
m
and
rem
ote
stud
ent
syst
e
m
[9
]
.
Classroom
syst
e
m
is
extend
ed
in
su
c
h
a
way
that
rem
ote
stud
ents
a
re
tran
s
par
e
nt
to
te
ache
rs
a
nd
cl
ass
room
st
ud
e
nts.
The
cl
assroom
syst
em
and
the
re
m
ote
stud
ent
s
yst
e
m
us
e
a
c
omm
on
fr
am
ewo
r
k
for
m
edia
co
m
m
u
nicat
ion
.
T
he
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
f
ram
ewo
r
k
use
s
a
gr
oup
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
yst
e
m
(G
CS
)
that
e
na
bles
reli
able
and
ef
fici
ent
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
betwee
n
te
a
cher
s
an
d
st
udents
l
og
ic
al
ly
.
GCS
pro
vid
es
se
r
vices
su
c
h
as
FIFO
orde
red
m
essage
delive
r
y,
gro
up
m
e
mb
ers
hip
et
c.
It
is
unable
t
o
pro
vide
at
te
nd
an
ce
f
or
re
gistered
stu
den
ts
.
Her
e,
in
structo
r
is
una
ble
to
m
on
it
or
be
hav
i
or
of
both
l
ocal
a
nd
r
e
m
ote
stud
e
nts at th
e
sam
e t
i
m
e.
Dehna
vi
ex
plained
a
new
we
b
bas
ed
e
-
le
ar
ning
m
od
el
with
at
te
nd
a
nce
con
t
ro
l
a
bili
ty
,
wh
ic
h
use
s
m
ul
tim
od
al
bi
om
et
ric
char
act
erist
ic
(f
aci
al
featur
e
s)
an
d
be
hav
i
or
al
bi
ome
tric
char
act
eri
sti
cs
(k
ey
strok
es
and
m
ou
se
m
ov
em
ents)
to
track
stud
ent
’s
act
ivit
ie
s
[1
0].
A
new
al
gorith
m
,
at
te
nd
ance
con
tr
ol
track
er
was
pr
ese
nted
t
o
dem
on
strat
e
use
of
these
bi
om
e
tric
s
pr
operti
es
.
E
xp
e
r
i
m
ental
resu
lt
s
sh
ow
that,
above
at
te
nd
an
ce c
ontrol syst
em
als
o worke
d well
with st
ud
e
nt c
ol
la
bo
rati
on
w
ork.
Po
tnis
an
d
Ja
ha
gir
dar
pr
opose
d
a
HAAR
casca
de
cl
assifi
er
was
us
e
d
f
or
real
tim
e
face
detect
ion
syst
e
m
fo
r
vir
tual
cl
assro
om
to
red
uce
ti
m
e
t
aken
fo
r
cl
assifi
cat
ion
and
ac
hieve
de
sired
outc
om
e
[1
1].
The
res
ults
s
how
the
ave
ra
ge
CPU
an
d
m
e
m
or
y
use
s
w
ere
si
gn
ific
a
nt
ly
low
c
om
par
e
to
oth
er
si
m
il
ar
l
y
existi
ng syst
em
.
Since
20
09,
H
ano
i
Op
e
n
U
ni
ver
sit
y
(HOU)
has
been
prov
i
ding
li
ve
vi
rtual
cl
asses
fo
r
va
rio
us
le
arn
in
g
pro
gra
m
s.
Trun
g
et
al
.
discusse
d
di
ff
ere
nt
ty
pes
of
m
ultim
edia
-
enab
le
d
delive
ry
ap
proache
d,
their
issues
a
nd
t
he
te
chnolo
gies
be
hind
them
[3
]
.
O
ver
al
l,
VoI
P
cl
oud
has
found
to
be
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
in
sync
hro
nous
e
-
Learn
i
ng
su
c
h
as
virtu
al
cl
ass
r
oom
,
pr
oject
c
ollaborat
io
n
an
d
sha
re
in
sp
ira
ti
on
com
par
e
t
o
we
b
c
onfer
e
ncin
g,
tradit
ion
al
vid
e
o
co
nfere
ncin
g,
inter
net
ra
dio
and
virt
ual
w
orl
d.
It
al
so
c
onsu
m
es
sign
ific
antly
le
ss
band
widt
h
and pr
ov
i
des
le
ast
over
head to
end
us
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An In
te
ll
ige
nt
Framew
or
k
Pr
oto
ty
pe
for
Monit
or
in
g Stu
de
nts in
Virt
ual
Cl
as
sroo
m
(
As
hu
t
osh
Sa
t
apat
hy
)
1153
Saha
presente
d
the
dif
fer
e
nt
t
ypes
of
vide
o
confere
ncin
g
a
nd
vi
rtual
cl
as
sroom
serv
ic
es
de
velo
pe
d
ov
e
r
NI
C
NET/
N
KN
by
Nati
on
al
I
nfor
m
at
i
cs
Ce
nter
(
NI
C
)
[
12]
.
It
e
xpla
ins
tw
o
ty
pes
of
vi
de
o
c
onfer
e
nci
ng
syst
e
m
s
na
m
e
d
de
dicat
ed
syst
e
m
s
and
cl
ou
d
ba
sed
des
ktop,
a
re
us
ed
wi
dely
in
pu
b
li
c
and
pri
vate
sec
tors
i
n
India.
It
co
nta
ins
sil
ent
featur
es
of
cl
oud
base
d
desk
t
op
vid
e
o
c
onfe
re
ncin
g
wh
ic
h
m
akes
it
popu
la
r
ove
r
ded
ic
at
e
d
syst
em
based
vid
e
o
confere
ncin
g.
At
la
st,
it
exp
l
ai
ns
tw
o
ty
pes
of
virtua
l
cl
assroom
s
nam
ed
t
ypic
al
high
en
d
virtu
al
cl
assro
om
a
nd
web
based
virtu
al
cl
assr
oom
are
widely
us
ed
in
m
os
t
of
the
pu
blic/
pri
vate
sch
oo
ls
an
d
un
iversiti
es.
T
he
web
ba
sed
virtu
al
cl
assr
oom
i
s
gai
ning
popu
la
rity
ov
e
r
ty
pi
cal
high
e
nd
vi
rtual
cl
assroom
b
ecause
of less c
onsu
m
ption
of
ba
ndwidt
h
a
nd
it
s co
st e
ff
ect
iv
e
ness.
In
virtu
al
cl
ass
room
,
stud
ents
and
te
ach
er
ar
e
logged
int
o
le
arn
i
ng
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
to
sta
rt
on
li
ne
cl
as
s
.
Sti
ll
un
iver
sit
ie
s
fo
ll
ow
tra
di
ti
on
al
m
e
tho
d
to
m
on
it
or
unive
rsity
stud
e
nts
by
in
vig
il
at
or
durin
g
virtu
al
cl
assroom
le
arn
in
g
w
hic
h
w
ast
e
of
ti
m
e
a
nd
res
ources.
Sti
ll
,
m
on
it
or
ing
hom
e
stud
ents
is
reall
y
a
bi
g
chall
enge.
Bri
ng
m
achine
in
ste
ad
of
hu
m
an
be
in
g
m
ay
so
lve
t
his
pr
oble
m
in
fu
ture
.
He
re,
it
is
use
d
t
o
m
on
it
or
li
ven
e
ss
facial
featu
res
(
dif
fu
si
on
of
li
ght,
facial
m
ov
em
ent)
to
m
ake
a
dec
isi
on
c
on
ti
nu
ously
.
The
c
om
plete
f
ram
ewo
rk of
m
on
it
or
ing sy
s
tem
is d
isc
us
se
d belo
w.
3.
VOI
P
C
L
AS
S
ROOM
FR
A
MEWO
RK
3.1
.
Vo
I
P
VoIP
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
s
upports
a
ud
i
o
a
nd
/
or
vid
e
o
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
ove
r
IPv
4
and
IPv
6
netw
orks
[
13]
.
It
is
com
pletely
div
er
gen
t
from
the
ci
rcu
it
-
switc
hed
te
l
ecom
netwo
r
k.
In
ci
rc
uit
swi
tc
hed
te
le
ph
one
net
work,
re
sour
ce
s
are
assi
gn
e
d
to
in
div
id
ual
cal
l
separ
at
el
y
and
t
he
c
onnecti
on
pat
h
i
s
sta
tic
for
eac
h
cal
l
f
r
om
beg
in
ning
t
o
e
nd.
T
ca
rr
i
e
rs,
Publi
c
Sw
it
ch
Tel
e
phone
Netw
ork
(P
ST
N)
,
local
lo
ops
,
Plai
n
Old
Tel
e
phon
e
Ser
vice
(POTS
)
an
d
dial
up
a
re
so
m
e
of
t
he
tra
diti
on
al
ser
vices
unde
r
I
nter
na
ti
on
al
Tel
ecom
m
un
icati
on
U
nion
(
I
TU)
a
nd
t
hey
are
us
e
d
f
or
voic
e
te
le
com
mu
nicat
io
n.
VoI
P
supports
var
iou
s
sign
al
in
g
prot
oc
ols;
it
m
ay
be
op
e
n
sta
ndar
d
or
pro
pri
et
ary
protoc
ol.
V
oIP
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
syst
em
is
m
ai
nly
div
ide
d
int
o
use
r
en
d
(call
m
anag
er
,
m
a
il,
so
ft
phone
and
das
hboard
et
c.),
m
achine
end
(C
PU,
GPU
,
m
e
m
or
y,
stora
ge,
net
work
an
d
op
e
rati
ng
sy
stem
et
c.)
an
d
m
idd
le
war
e
(
V
oI
P
protoc
ols,
DH
CP
se
rv
e
r,
DNS
serv
e
r,
we
b
se
rv
e
r
a
nd
data
ba
se
ser
ver
et
c.
)
[
14]
.
Its
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
la
ye
r
c
on
sist
s
of
five
la
ye
rs
as
sh
ow
n
in Figu
re
1.
Figure
1. V
oIP
lay
ers
3.2
.
Vo
I
P
Clou
d
VoIP
cl
oud
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
is
the
te
ch
nolo
gy
be
hind
te
le
phony
ser
vices
w
hich
pro
vide
acce
ss
to
resou
rces
of
da
ta
center
t
hro
ugh
a
li
gh
t
we
igh
t
te
rm
inal.
The
te
rm
inal
m
ay
be
we
b
ba
sed
or
softwa
re
ba
sed
app
li
cat
io
ns
[
15]
.
Use
rs
st
or
e
their
inf
orm
ation
wh
ic
h
is
di
stribu
te
d
acr
oss
m
ult
iple
servers
insi
de
the
c
loud.
Ap
a
rt
f
r
om
the
ab
ove,
V
oI
P
c
loud
has
featu
r
es
su
c
h
as
reli
abili
ty
,
el
ast
ic
i
ty
,
scal
abili
ty
,
on
dem
and
ser
vices,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
1
51
–
1
1
58
1154
pay
as
you
go,
resour
ce
pool
ing
a
nd
res
our
ce
op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
on
[
16
-
17]
.
The
twel
ve
m
ai
n
com
po
ne
nts
of
Vo
I
P
cl
oud
a
re show
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
So
m
e o
f
t
he
m
ai
n
com
pone
nts ar
e
disc
us
se
d belo
w.
Figure
2. V
oIP
cloud a
rc
hitec
ture
3.2.1
Ca
ll
Ser
ver
Durin
g
phone
set
up,
al
l
the
endp
oin
ts
are
reg
ist
ere
d
with
cal
l
serv
er.
It
popu
la
te
s
inte
rf
aces
wit
h
i
nfor
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
to
po
l
og
y
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
a
nd
sig
nalin
g
protoc
ol
wh
ic
h
pro
vid
e
feat
ur
e
su
pp
or
t
to
e
nd
po
i
nts.
It
al
so
pro
vide
s
secu
rity
an
d
co
ntr
ols
the
connecti
on
du
rin
g
cal
l
se
rv
i
ces.
All
the
re
al
tim
e
data
pa
ckets
carried
b
y t
ransport
protoc
ol
are
passe
d
t
hro
ugh
cal
l se
rv
e
r.
3.2.2
DHCP
S
erver
It
pro
vid
es
IP
addresses
t
o
cl
oud
inter
nal
ne
twork
el
em
ents
and
r
eser
ves
IP
ad
dr
e
sses
f
or
diff
e
re
nt
serv
e
rs.
It
al
so
prov
i
des
IP
a
ddress
of
def
a
ul
t
gateway,
pr
i
m
ary
and
seco
nd
a
ry
D
NS
ser
ver
s
.
A
D
HCP
serv
e
r
is
valid
w
it
hin
it
s
network
i.e.
DH
CP
se
rv
e
r
of
V
oIP
cl
ou
d
internal
net
wor
k
is
diff
e
re
nt
from
DH
CP
server
of
stud
e
nt’s o
r
te
a
cher’s
netw
ork
.
3.2.3
TFT
P
Se
rver
TFTP
file
con
t
ai
ns
inf
or
m
at
ion
su
c
h
as
IP
address
of
cal
l
s
erv
e
r,
de
fine
d
tun
e
an
d
dial
pa
tt
ern
for
a
par
t
ic
ula
r
net
work.
It
not
only
helps
to
update
s
witc
hes
,
routers
,
fire
wall
s
and
phones
firm
war
e
bu
t
al
s
o
pro
vid
es set
up
file
s tho
s
e co
nt
ai
n
co
nfi
gurati
on p
a
ram
et
ers
for Vo
IP
netw
ork
e.
g., c
od
ec
,
phone
pro
vision
i
ng,
VLAN a
nd
QoS in
form
ation
.
3.2.4
In
trusi
on P
re
vent
i
on
Sy
s
tem
In
tr
us
i
on
P
reventi
on
Syst
em
(I
P
S)
m
on
it
or
s
syst
e
m
or
net
work
act
ivit
ie
s
fo
r
a
ny
m
al
ic
i
ou
s
or
po
li
cy
vio
la
ti
on
insta
nces
a
nd
ta
kes
decisi
on
ba
se
d
on
pr
e
de
fine
d
r
ules.
It
is
of
t
wo
ty
pe
s,
ho
st
base
d
I
P
S
an
d
netw
ork
ba
sed
IP
S.
Netw
ork
based
I
PS
m
on
it
or
s
act
ivit
ie
s
occurri
ng
i
nsi
de
a
netw
ork
wh
e
re
as
host
base
d
IP
S m
on
it
ors a
ct
ivit
ie
s o
ccu
rri
ng
on a
sin
gle
ho
st
.
3.3
.
Vo
I
P
Clou
d
C
l
as
sr
oom
VoIP
cl
ou
d
vir
tual
cl
assroom
is
on
e
of
the
synch
ron
ous
le
arn
i
ng
e
nv
ir
on
m
ents
wh
ere
t
eachers
a
nd
stud
e
nts
inte
ra
ct
with
eac
h
ot
her
at
t
he
sa
m
e
tim
e.
It
al
l
ow
s
bo
t
h
un
i
ve
rsity
stud
e
nts
an
d
hom
e
stud
ents
to
ta
ke
pa
rt
in
cl
a
ssroom
le
arn
in
g.
Her
e
,
st
ud
e
nts
le
ar
n
direct
ly
fr
om
te
acher
an
d
as
k
quest
ion
s
i
f
the
re
a
r
e
any
doubts.
Eac
h
s
tud
e
nt
sit
s
in
fr
ont
of
a
PC
at
ta
ched
with
w
ebcam
that
ca
ptures
vi
deo
a
nd
se
nds
it
to
VoIP
cl
oud.
T
he
Ca
l
l
serv
e
rs
sit
ti
ng
insi
de
cl
oud
forw
a
r
ds
this
t
o
te
ache
r’
s
PC
.
This
vid
e
o
is
disp
la
ye
d
i
n
a
fr
am
e
inside
th
e
da
s
hboa
rd.
Like
this,
m
ulti
ple
stud
e
nts
are
di
sp
la
ye
d
in
se
pa
rate
f
ram
es
i
ns
ide
t
he
te
ac
her’s
das
hboard.
Stu
den
t
’s
das
hboa
rd
dis
play
s
te
acher
an
d
his
presentat
io
n
i
n
two
dif
fer
e
nt
f
ram
es.
Ap
a
rt
f
ro
m
disp
la
yi
ng
vi
de
o,
das
hboard
al
so
pro
vid
e
s
featur
e
s
su
c
h
as
te
xting,
E
m
ai
l,
colla
bo
r
at
ion
an
d
do
c
um
ent
sh
ari
ng [1
8].
V
oI
P
v
i
rtual cl
as
sroom
stru
ct
ur
e
as s
how
n
in
Figure
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An In
te
ll
ige
nt
Framew
or
k
Pr
oto
ty
pe
for
Monit
or
in
g Stu
de
nts in
Virt
ual
Cl
as
sroo
m
(
As
hu
t
osh
Sa
t
apat
hy
)
1155
Figure
3. V
oIP
v
irt
ual cla
ssr
oom
stru
ct
ur
e
4.
PROP
OSE
D MO
DEL
The
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
is
on
e
kin
d
of
I
PS,
us
e
d
to
m
on
it
or
ap
plica
ti
on
da
ta
(lives
facial
featur
es)
.
Eff
ect
ive
I
PS
arch
it
ect
ure
usi
ng
Live
ness
F
ace
Detect
ion
(LFD)
te
ch
nique
is
propose
d
fo
r
virtu
al
cl
assroom
in
V
oI
P
cl
oud
env
ir
onm
ent.
Her
e
,
te
achers
and
st
ud
e
nts
are
log
i
n
to
V
oI
P
cl
oud
to
st
art
cl
ass
as
show
n
in
Figure
4
.
Both
aud
i
o
a
nd v
i
de
o
a
re
passe
d
th
rou
gh VoIP cl
oud netw
ork
.
Figure
4.
Pro
pose
d
V
oIP cl
oud arc
hitec
ture
for
virt
ual cla
s
sroom
IP
S
a
re
al
so
c
al
le
d
as
intr
usi
on
detect
ion
and
preve
ntio
n
syst
em
s.
The
m
a
in
ta
sk
s
of
i
ntr
us
io
n
detect
ion
a
nd
pr
e
ve
ntion
sys
tem
are
to
identify
ab
norm
al
act
ivit
ie
s,
log
al
l
necessary
inf
or
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
the
act
ivit
ie
s
and
try
to
blo
ck/st
op
them
.
A
ho
st
base
d
dete
ct
ion
/p
rev
e
ntio
n
syst
e
m
is
on
ly
con
ce
rn
e
d
with
m
on
it
or
ing
the
syst
e
m
act
ivities,
tho
se
are
ha
pp
e
ning
on
a
sing
le
host
an
d
at
tem
pt
to
ta
ke
necessary
act
ion
s
against
it
.
A
ne
twork
ba
sed
i
ntr
us
io
n
p
r
eve
ntion
syst
em
i
s
on
ly
con
ce
r
ne
d
with
data
f
lowing
th
rou
gh
the
netw
ork.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
1
51
–
1
1
58
1156
Figure
5. Pro
pose
d
I
PS net
w
ork
a
rch
it
ect
ur
e
As
V
oIP
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
ha
nd
le
s
real
tim
e
data
(a
ud
i
o
and
vid
e
o),
de
plo
ym
ent
of
I
PS
play
s
a
n
i
m
po
rtant
r
ole
to
m
ake
the
serv
ic
e
ef
fecti
ve
and
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
.
Vide
o
data
pa
ckets
are
fl
owin
g
from
the
public
netw
ork
t
o
the
cl
oud
pri
vate
netw
ork
will
be
duplica
te
d
for
IP
S
.
I
n
pa
ss
-
by
co
nf
i
gur
at
ion
,
a
c
op
y
of
th
e
traff
ic
is
sent
to
the
I
PS
w
hile
the
or
i
gin
al
data
tra
vel
to
a
nd
f
ro
m
one
ne
twork
f
ro
m
and
to
an
oth
e
r
netw
ork
as
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
5.
Co
rr
e
sp
on
ding
im
ag
e
fr
am
es
are
c
on
st
ru
ct
e
d
fro
m
du
plica
te
pack
et
s
at
IP
S.
It
is
a
con
ti
nu
ous
pro
cess.
If
t
he
IPS
identifie
s
any
disturba
nces
in
vid
e
o
fr
am
es,
it
will
log
/rec
ord
the
act
ivit
ie
s
and
sen
d
warnin
g
m
essage
to
stu
den
ts
.
Excee
din
g
the
th
res
ho
l
d,
it
will
cl
os
e
the
connecti
on
of
the
co
rr
es
pondin
g
stud
e
nts.
Durin
g
virt
ual
cl
assroom
,
eac
h
stud
e
nt
m
us
t
be
al
lott
ed
to
separ
at
e
syst
em
e
m
bed
ded
with
we
bcam
wh
ic
h
captu
res
vid
eo
(
seq
ue
nc
e
of
fr
am
es)
and
f
orwa
rd
the
m
to
cl
ou
d.
T
he
m
on
it
or
in
g
s
yst
e
m
s
it
t
ing
inside
cl
oud
duplica
te
s
the
da
ta
an
d
sta
rte
d
m
on
it
or
in
g
us
in
g
L
FD
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
.
The
ai
m
of
the
LFD
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is
to
pro
vid
e
sec
ur
it
y
to
stud
e
nt
accounts
by
al
lo
wing
only
act
i
ve
ge
nuine
pe
r
so
n
t
o
su
cce
ssf
ully
log
in.
In
a
dd
it
i
on
to
that,
wh
et
he
r
the
reg
ist
er
ed
stu
de
nts
ar
e
at
te
nd
in
g
t
he
cl
ass,
if
ye
s
,
how
m
uch
ti
m
e
is
sp
ent
by
each
stud
e
nt
?
It
al
s
o
m
on
it
ors
th
e
act
ivit
ie
s
of
the
st
udents
in
virtu
al
cl
as
sroom
.
The
w
orkin
g
pri
ncip
le
of
m
on
it
or
ing sy
s
tem
is d
ivide
d i
nto
t
w
o st
ages
as s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
6.
Figure
6.
Wo
r
k m
od
el
o
f
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
em
(
le
ft side) an
d
it
s d
if
fer
e
nt m
odules (rig
ht side
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An In
te
ll
ige
nt
Framew
or
k
Pr
oto
ty
pe
for
Monit
or
in
g Stu
de
nts in
Virt
ual
Cl
as
sroo
m
(
As
hu
t
osh
Sa
t
apat
hy
)
1157
4.1
.
Tw
o St
ages
of LFD
4.1.1
Verifica
t
ion
(Fa
ci
al R
e
cognitio
n)
Extracte
d
feat
ur
es
from
face
of
the
st
ud
e
nt
s
are
ve
rified
us
i
ng
cl
assifi
er
.
The
cl
assifi
er
was
trai
ne
d
us
in
g
ar
ray
of
featur
e
s,
e
xtra
ct
ed
an
d
sto
re
d
in
database
s
epar
at
el
y
at
th
e
tim
e
of
reg
is
trat
ion
.
Af
te
r
pa
ssing
the
sta
ge
1
veri
ficat
ion
,
it
m
ov
es
to
sta
ge
2
ver
ific
at
io
n.
O
ther
wise
conne
ct
ion
will
be
blo
cke
d
by
fire
w
al
l
as
per the i
ns
tr
uctions gi
ven b
y t
he
m
on
it
or
i
ng
syst
e
m
.
4.1.2
Verifica
t
ion
(Liveness
Face
Det
ec
tio
n)
An
ti
-
s
poofi
ng
featur
e
s
(d
if
f
usi
on
of
li
ght
t
hro
ugho
ut
face
and
facial
m
ove
m
ent)
are
ext
racted
from
the
captu
re
d
fa
ce
i
m
ages
of
st
ud
e
nt
an
d
ver
if
i
ed
us
i
ng
cl
assi
fiers.
Li
ven
e
ss f
ace
detect
io
n
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
m
ai
nly
cl
assifi
ed
into
two
processes
wh
ic
h
ope
rate
si
m
ultaneou
sly
as
show
n
i
n
F
igure
6.
O
ne
i
s
li
ven
ess
dete
ct
ion
base
d
on
dif
f
usi
on
of
li
ght
th
rou
ghout
face
to
fin
d
out
stu
den
t
’s
face
is
f
ake
or
n
ot
i.e.
on
ly
li
ve
stu
de
nts
are
al
lowed
to
at
te
nd
the
cl
ass
.
O
ther
one
is
faci
al
m
ov
em
ent
wh
ic
h
is
us
e
d
t
o
m
on
it
or
the
act
ivit
ie
s
of
st
ud
e
nts
i.e.
at
te
ntive
or
not
or
w
heth
er
stu
de
nt
is
sl
eepin
g
wh
il
e
c
la
ss
is
goin
g
on.
At
la
st,
bo
t
h
sta
ge
on
e
an
d
sta
ge
two
ver
ific
at
io
n
stre
ng
t
he
n
th
e
le
vel
of
secu
rity
of
eac
h
stu
den
t
acc
ount.
All
the
m
od
ule
s
of
w
ork
m
odel
are
discusse
d bel
ow.
St
ep.
1.
Im
age
Acqu
isi
ti
on:
Fr
om
vid
eo
capt
ur
e
d
by
we
bca
m
,
fr
am
es
are
extracte
d
wh
ic
h
are
gi
ven
a
s
input t
o
t
he ne
xt m
od
ule
of wor
k
m
od
el
.
St
ep.
2.
Im
ag
e
Enhan
ceme
nt
:
Mo
nito
rin
g
syst
e
m
ru
nnin
g
inside
t
he
V
oI
P
cl
oud
en
vir
on
m
ent
captu
res
re
plica
te
d
pac
kets
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
in
gr
ess
s
witc
h
a
nd
go
e
s
for
re
du
ct
io
n
of
noi
se
and
im
pr
ov
es
the
interp
retabil
it
y
or
pe
rcep
ti
on
of
inf
orm
ation
in
im
ages
t
o
pro
vid
e
bette
r
input
f
or
the
nex
t
le
vel.
It
will
be
achieve
d by s
m
oo
thening a
nd s
harpe
ning t
he visual
data.
St
ep.
3.
F
ace
Det
ec
tion:
Re
al
tim
e
face
detect
ion
on
m
otion
a
naly
sis.
It
norm
alizes
disti
nct
facia
l
featur
e
s
extrac
te
d
from
fr
am
e
and
giv
e
n
to
nex
t
ste
p
for
recog
niti
on
.
B
oundin
g
bo
xes
are
us
e
d
to
id
entify
faces in
fram
es
.
St
ep.
4.
F
ace
Recogni
tion:
In
face
recog
ni
ti
on
proc
ess,
stud
e
nt
aut
he
nt
ic
ity
is
checke
d.
If
N
o,
t
he
session
will
be
tim
eou
t
after
a
num
ber
of
c
on
ti
nu
ous
s
ucc
essfu
l
rec
ogniti
on
.
I
f
ye
s,
it
will
go
f
or
the
ne
xt
le
vel v
e
rificat
ion.
St
ep.
5.
Fe
atur
es
Ex
tra
c
tion
(a
n
ti
s
poof
in
g
fe
at
ure
s)
:
Af
t
er
face
s
uccess
fu
ll
y
rec
ognize
d,
it
goes
for
extracti
ng
a
nti
spoofin
g
feat
ur
es
suc
h
as
di
ff
usi
on
of
li
ght
th
rou
ghout
face
a
nd
m
ov
em
ent
of
face
[
19
-
2
0].
Fr
om
diffusio
n
of
li
ght,
l
ocal
patte
rn
s
of
di
ffusio
n
s
peed
ar
e
extracte
d
w
hi
ch
is
sig
nifica
ntly
diff
e
ren
t
f
or
li
ve
and
fake faces.
Fr
om
f
ace m
o
vem
ent, the
de
viati
on
from
n
or
m
al
m
ov
e
m
e
nt o
f face i
s ext
racted.
Bot
h
f
eat
ur
e
s
are
us
ed
in
li
ve
ness dete
ct
io
n
m
od
ule for fin
al
stage
ver
ific
at
ion
.
St
ep.
6.
Li
vene
ss
Face
Det
e
ction
:
Local
pa
tt
ern
s
of
dif
f
us
io
n
spe
ed
a
r
e
us
ed
t
o
dete
ct
wh
et
he
r
the
captu
red
face
i
m
age
is
from
genuine
stu
de
nts
or
no
t.
It
will
be
hel
pful
for
giv
in
g
at
te
nd
a
nce
t
o
re
gi
ste
red
stud
e
nts
an
d
how
m
uch
ti
m
e
at
te
nd
e
d
by
e
ach
stu
de
nt.
F
ro
m
face
m
ov
e
m
ent,
the
de
viati
on
from
no
rm
al
m
ov
e
m
ent
is
cal
culat
ed
wh
ic
h
is fil
te
red
stu
den
ts
by
t
heir
beh
a
vior (
at
te
nt
ive
or
sle
e
ping)
.
T
hese
si
x
st
eps
a
re
rep
eat
e
d
f
or all
the
fr
am
es o
f st
ud
e
nt’s vi
deo captu
r
e
d
f
r
om
resp
ect
ive
e
nv
i
ronm
ent.
Mon
it
ori
ng
sy
stem
us
ing
li
ve
ness
face
detect
ion
m
us
t
be
i
m
ple
m
ented
in
distri
bu
te
d
env
i
ronm
ent.
Hype
r
threa
ding
an
d
GPU
co
m
pu
ti
ng
are
int
rod
uced
for
pa
rall
el
pr
oce
ssin
g
i.e.
eac
h
m
od
ule
w
ork
is
gi
ve
n
t
o
diff
e
re
nt threa
d
to
m
ake th
es
e operati
ons m
uch faste
r.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Fr
om
la
st
two
deca
de,
virt
ua
l
cl
assroom
is
on
e
of
th
e
wi
de
ly
adopted
te
chnolo
gies
i
n
edu
cat
io
nal
and
in
dustry
s
ect
or
s.
T
his
re
search
pa
pe
r
di
scuss,
dif
fere
nt
m
et
ho
ds
/
m
od
el
s
we
re
a
do
pted
by
resear
cher
t
o
add
m
or
e
flexi
bili
ty
and
reli
a
bili
ty
to
le
arn
ing
e
nvir
on
m
ent.
The
rise
of
VoIP
cl
oud
m
akes
it
m
or
e
popula
r
,
wh
ic
h
us
es
IP
netw
ork
as
it
s
backb
on
e
.
Sti
ll
these
fo
l
low
tra
diti
ona
l
way
of
m
on
it
or
i
ng
stu
de
nts
by
inv
igil
at
or
w
hich
is
waste
of
t
i
m
e
and
resource
s.
I
n
this
paper,
an
ef
fecti
ve
VoIP
cl
oud
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
or
vi
rtual
cl
assroom
is
pr
op
os
ed
w
hich
us
es
LF
D
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
to
m
on
it
or
stu
den
t
’s
act
ivit
ie
s.
The
key
el
em
ent,
pa
ss
-
by
IP
S
has
no
e
ffec
t
on
qual
it
y
of
ser
vice
as
it
s
w
ok
s
on
dupl
ic
at
e
data.
At
l
ast
,
m
or
e
resea
rch
has
t
o
be
done
to
i
m
pr
ovise
sync
hro
nous
lea
rn
i
ng envir
onm
ent in all aspect
s
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Ta
hir
ZM,
Haro
n
H,
Singh
JK
G.
“
Evol
uti
on
of
L
ea
rning
Envi
ron
m
ent
:
A
Revi
ew
of
Ubiquit
ous
L
ea
rning
Par
adi
g
m
Chara
c
te
rist
ic
s”
.
Indone
sian
Journal
of
El
ectric
a
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