Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
3
,
Septem
ber
20
21
,
pp.
1
538
~
1549
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
3
.
pp
1538
-
1549
1538
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Des
i
gn o
f
a po
rtable radio
-
frequ
ency
-
identi
fication
reader
ca
p
able to readi
ng a use
r memo
ry bank f
or smart
-
bu
ild
ing
energy
mana
gement
Aj
ib
Set
yo
Ar
ifin
1
, M. B.
Fathina
h
Ha
n
un
2
, Eka
M
au
l
ana
3
,
I
W
ayan
Mustika
4
,
Fitr
i Yuli Z
ulki
fli
5
1,2,5
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of Elect
rical
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng, Un
iversita
s In
done
sia
, Indo
nesia
3
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersitas Bra
wij
a
y
a
,
In
donesia
4
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersitas Gaj
ah
M
ada, Indonesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
M
ay
20
,
2021
Re
vised
Ju
l
2
8
,
2021
Accepte
d
A
u
g
2
,
2021
Com
m
unic
at
ion
is
an
important
fac
tor
in
sm
art
-
buil
ding
ene
rg
y
m
ana
gement
(SBEM).
Man
y
comm
unic
at
ions
te
chno
logi
es
ha
ve
bee
n
applied
to
SB
EM,
inc
ludi
ng
r
adi
o
-
fre
quency
ide
nt
i
fic
a
ti
on
(RFID
).
RF
ID
has
bee
n
used
not
onl
y
for
ide
n
ti
fi
ca
t
ion
but
a
lso
for
ca
rr
y
ing
infor
m
at
ion,
which
is
stored
in
a
user
m
emory
ba
nk
at
t
ac
hed
to
t
he
ta
g
.
To
acce
s
s
the
user
m
emor
y
b
ank,
an
RF
ID
rea
der
should
com
pl
y
wi
th
ISO
18000
-
6C
standa
rds.
Th
e
gre
a
te
st
cha
l
le
nge
of
R
FID
-
rea
der
t
ec
h
nolog
y
is
i
ts
short
comm
unicati
on
r
ange,
which
li
m
it
s
th
e
sensing
are
a
.
To
over
come
thi
s
p
roble
m
,
thi
s
pap
er
proposes
a
porta
bl
e
RF
ID
rea
der
built
t
o
an
ISO
1800
0
-
6C
standa
rd
t
o
ext
end
th
e
sensing
are
a
du
e
to
it
s
m
ovea
bi
li
t
y
.
The
re
ade
r
is
designe
d
using
low
-
cost
devi
c
es
widely
a
vai
l
abl
e
on
th
e
m
ark
et
for
ea
se
of
dupli
c
at
ion
a
nd
assem
bl
y
b
y
rese
arc
h
ers,
educ
a
tors,
and
start
ups.
Th
e
pro
posed
RF
ID
rea
der
ca
n
re
ad
passive
t
ags
wit
h
dist
an
ce
s
up
t
o
12
and
5.
5
m
for
li
n
e
-
of
-
sight
(LOS)
and
non
-
li
ne
-
of
-
sigh
t
(NLOS
)
com
m
unic
at
ion
,
res
pec
t
ive
l
y
.
The
m
ini
m
u
m
rec
e
ive
d
-
sign
al
-
strengt
h
ind
ic
a
to
rs
(RSS
Is)
for
L
OS
and
NLOS
are
found
to
be
−63.
75
and
−
59.
66
dBm
,
respe
ctively
.
Th
ese
r
esult
s
are
compa
rab
le
wi
th
those
of
non
-
por
ta
bl
e
RF
ID read
ers
on
th
e
m
ark
e
t.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Po
rta
ble
RFID
Sm
art
-
bu
il
ding
en
e
rg
y
m
anag
em
ent
User m
e
m
or
y bank
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Aj
i
b
Sety
o A
ri
fin
Dep
a
r
tm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng
Un
i
ver
sit
as
Ind
on
e
sia
Kam
pu
s U
I De
pok, Jaw
a Bara
t, I
ndonesi
a
Em
a
il
: ajib@
e
ng.u
i.ac
.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Sm
art
-
bu
il
ding
energy
m
anag
em
ent
(S
BEM
)
ai
m
s
to
achieve
m
axi
m
um
ener
gy
ef
fici
ency
by
m
on
it
or
ing
a
nd
co
ntr
olli
ng
a
ll
us
es
of
el
ect
rici
ty
.
Mon
it
ori
ng
a
nd
c
ontro
l
req
ui
res
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
betwee
n
the
se
ns
or
a
nd
the
m
ast
er
co
ntr
ol,
a
nd
seve
ral
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
te
c
hnologies
hav
e
bee
n
inv
e
sti
gated
f
or
this
pur
po
se
,
in
cl
udin
g
l
ow
-
ene
r
gy
Bl
ueto
oth
[1]
,
Zig
bee
[2]
,
an
d
rad
i
o
-
frequ
e
ncy
i
den
ti
ficat
ion
(RF
ID)
[
3]
.
RFID
has
s
upe
rior
a
dvanta
ge
s
beca
us
e
a
pa
ssive
RFI
D
ta
g,
as
a
se
nsor
,
do
e
s
n
ot
re
qu
i
re
a
de
dicat
ed
powe
r
so
urce
t
o
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
an
RF
ID
rea
de
r.
T
he
ta
g
ha
rv
est
s
t
he
pow
er
em
i
tt
ed
by
the
RFI
D
reade
r
an
d
us
es
that
to
tra
ns
m
it
a
sign
al
.
RFID
has
bee
n
widely
us
e
d
for
m
any
app
li
cat
ion
s
s
uch
as
:
toll
card
[4
]
,
entry
syst
e
m
[
5], m
on
i
tori
ng syst
em
[
6] sen
sory
s
yst
e
m
[
7], sm
a
rt car
ds
[8
]
,
agric
ultur
e
[9],
a
nd
pa
r
king [1
0]
.
Re
search
an
d
dev
el
op
m
ent
is
unde
r
way
to
a
dap
t
R
FID
for
us
e
as
an
in
for
m
at
ion
car
rier.
RFI
D
us
e
s
nonc
on
ta
ct
wir
el
ess
rad
i
o
-
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(R
F)
wav
e
s
to
tra
nsfer
data
[
11]
.
I
n
gen
e
ral,
RF
I
D
ta
gs
can
be
div
id
e
d
into
act
ive
an
d
passive
ty
pes
dep
e
ndin
g
on
t
heir
po
wer
s
ou
rce.
A
passi
ve
RFID
ta
g
does
no
t
hav
e
a
n
in
te
rn
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
a port
ab
le
r
adio
-
fre
qu
e
ncy
-
ide
ntif
ic
ation
re
ader
capable t
o re
a
ding
a user…
(
Aji
b
Sety
o
Arif
in
)
1539
powe
r
source
,
wh
e
reas
an
act
ive
RFID
ta
g
do
e
s
[12]
.
T
he
RFID
syst
em
consi
sts
of
tw
o
com
ponen
ts:
a
ta
g
and
a
rea
der.
The
ta
g
is
placed
on
the
obje
ct
fo
r
ide
ntific
at
ion
,
w
hile
the
reade
r
is
a
dev
ic
e
to
rea
d/
wr
it
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
on
the
ta
g
[13]
.
The
ta
g
c
on
ta
ins
an
a
nten
na
a
nd
a
n
a
ppli
cat
ion
-
s
peci
fic
integ
rated
ci
rcu
it
con
ta
ini
ng
a
m
e
m
or
y
in
w
hich
data
are
store
d.
T
he
re
ader
c
onsist
s
of
a
n
a
nten
na,
an
RF
m
odul
e
for
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
with
ta
gs
,
a
nd
a
co
ntr
ol
m
od
ule
for
com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
with
exter
nal
interfa
ces
su
c
h
as
pe
r
so
na
l
com
pu
te
rs
to
process
i
nfor
m
at
ion
e
xch
a
ng
ed
f
ro
m
the
re
ader
[14]
.
T
he
ta
g
act
s
as
a
trans
ponder
a
nd
the
read
e
r
as
a
n
in
te
rr
ogat
or.
T
he
rea
der
-
ante
nna
area
is
di
vide
d
i
nto
t
wo
m
a
in
pa
rts:
the
ne
ar
a
nd
fa
r
fiel
d.
T
he
near
fiel
d
us
es
the
pr
inci
ple
of
in
duct
ive
co
up
li
ng,
wh
il
e
the
far
fiel
d
us
e
s
back
scat
te
ri
ng
co
up
l
in
g
[15]
.
The
RFID
read
e
r
c
omm
un
ic
at
es
with
the
ta
g
vi
a
an
RF
cha
nn
el
.
The
rea
de
r
al
so
pe
rfor
m
s
anti
-
colli
sio
n
prot
oco
ls
to ensu
re th
at
no c
omm
un
ic
at
i
on con
flic
t occ
ur
s
b
et
ween t
he
tags
[16]
.
A
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
R
F
I
D
-
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
[
1
7
]
.
As
a p
art of th
e syst
e
m
, a
li
g
htweig
ht UHF R
FI
D
rea
de
r
ha
s b
een d
e
vel
oped wit
h
sensi
ng
r
a
nge up to
0.31
m
.
A
sli
ghtl
y
im
p
rovem
ent,
a
U
HF
R
FID
reade
r
for
i
nv
e
ntor
y
an
d
trac
king
of
s
urgical
e
qu
i
pm
ent
has
bee
n
desig
ne
d
with
read
i
ng
distanc
e
up
to
0.4
m
i
n
[
18]
.
W
it
h
im
pr
ov
em
ent
in
read
i
ng
dista
nc
e
up
to
1.3
m
,
Vera
et
al.
desi
gn
e
d
a
UHF
RFI
D
read
e
r
f
or
dete
ct
ing
go
ods
or
people
[
19]
.
T
his
im
pr
ov
em
e
nt
has
bee
n
ac
hieve
d
by
us
in
g
doub
le
-
anten
na
sen
so
r
ta
g.
A
U
H
F
RFID
rea
de
r
fo
r
trac
king
pa
ti
ents’
locat
io
n
with
m
ulti
pl
e
ta
gs
has
bee
n
im
ple
m
ented
with
se
ns
in
g
ra
ng
e
up
to
3.
8
m
[2
0].
This
syst
e
m
us
es
m
ulti
ple
RF
ID
ta
gs
as
br
ac
el
et
s
to
locat
e
the
pa
ti
ents.
The
re
adin
g
dista
nce
w
as
im
pr
ov
e
d
up
t
o
1.3
m
.
More
ov
e
r,
a
U
HF
RF
ID
reade
r
with
passive
sens
or
ta
g
syst
e
m
for
ne
w
bo
rn
m
on
it
ori
ng
ac
hieved
t
he
rea
d
range
8.25
m
[21].
H
oweve
r
,
tho
s
e
RFID
rea
der
s
do
not
com
ply
with
I
SO
18000
-
6C
f
or
acce
ssing
us
e
r
m
e
m
or
y
ban
k.
Co
m
pl
ia
nt
with
the
I
S
O
sta
nd
a
rd
is
im
portant
for
wi
de
range
de
vice
com
patibil
it
y.
Mo
reove
r,
ca
pab
il
it
y
for
ac
cessi
ng
use
r
m
e
m
or
y
bank
is
n
eces
s
ary f
eat
ure
for t
ag
-
se
nsory sys
tem
.
R
F
I
D
t
a
g
s
t
h
a
t
c
om
p
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
I
S
O
1
8
0
0
0
-
6
C
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
a
r
e
m
a
r
k
e
t
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
n
a
m
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
pro
d
u
c
t
c
o
d
e
(
E
P
C
)
G
e
n
2
t
a
g
.
T
h
i
s
t
a
g
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
e
m
o
r
y
b
a
n
k
s
:
a
n
E
P
C
,
a
t
a
g
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
r
(
T
I
D
)
,
a
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
a
n
d
a
u
s
e
r
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
E
P
C
b
a
n
k
s
t
o
r
e
s
E
P
C
b
i
n
a
r
y
e
n
c
o
d
i
ng
;
t
h
e
T
I
D
b
a
n
k
s
t
o
r
e
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
t
a
g
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
o
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
w
h
i
c
h
i
t
i
s
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
;
t
he
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
b
a
n
k
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
a
p
a
s
s
w
o
r
d
;
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
m
e
m
o
r
y
b
a
n
k
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
i
z
e
f
o
r
s
t
o
r
i
n
g
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
d
a
t
a
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
r
m
e
m
o
r
y
b
a
n
k
i
s
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
he
t
a
g
[22]
;
h
e
nc
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
o
n
l
y
a
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
n
um
b
e
r
o
f
R
F
I
D
r
e
a
d
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
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2502
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4752
Ind
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Co
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23
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3
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20
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:
15
38
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49
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hu
s
,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
.
T
h
e
c
om
p
o
n
e
n
t
us
e
d
a
s
a
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
r
i
s
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
N
O
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
,
t
he
S
p
a
r
k
F
u
n
R
e
d
B
o
a
r
d
.
T
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
N
O
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
c
o
d
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
or
m
o
f
b
i
n
a
r
y
e
n
c
o
d
i
n
g
s
e
n
t
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
r
o
g
a
t
o
r
;
by
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
d
e
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
a
n
d
u
p
l
o
a
d
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
h
o
s
t
c
om
p
o
n
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
l
a
p
t
op
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
t
he
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
I
D
E
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
,
w
i
l
l
f
i
n
i
s
h
d
a
t
a
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
h
o
s
t
c
om
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
v
i
a
a
s
e
r
i
a
l
p
o
r
t
.
W
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
a
s
e
d
c
om
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
f
or
r
a
p
i
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
pm
e
nt
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
ot
y
pi
n
g
o
f
n
e
w
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
o
p
t
i
o
ns
f
o
r
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
:
us
i
n
g
a
s
e
r
i
a
l
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
L
C
D
.
B
o
t
h
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
d
e
p
e
n
d
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
.
I
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
c
h
o
o
s
e
s
a
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
i
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
b
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
r
i
a
l
m
o
ni
t
o
r
.
B
y
c
o
n
t
r
a
s
t
,
i
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
s
e
l
e
c
t
s
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
r
i
a
l
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
a
n
d
L
C
D
.
T
h
e
b
u
t
t
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
L
C
D
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
i
s
t
o
o
l
m
o
r
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
.
W
e
u
s
e
d
a
n
L
C
D
m
o
d
u
l
e
w
i
t
h
a
k
e
y
p
a
d
[26]
.
A
n
i
n
t
e
r
m
e
di
a
t
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
c
a
l
l
e
d
a
n
I
2
C
b
a
c
k
p
a
c
k
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
t
h
e
L
C
D
a
n
d
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
[27]
.
T
h
e
R
F
I
D
-
r
e
a
d
e
r
’
s
p
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
u
s
e
s
a
p
o
w
e
r
b
a
n
k
o
f
1
0
,
0
0
0
m
A
h
.
The
a
ux
il
ia
ry
c
om
po
ne
nts
out
side
of
the
rect
ang
le
c
onsist
of
a
ta
g
a
nd
a
host.
I
n
this
pa
pe
r,
we
us
e
d
two
ty
pe
s
of
ta
gs
:
sta
nda
rd
iz
e
d
a
nd
no
ns
ta
ndar
dized
ISO
18,00
0
-
6C.
Th
e
host
is
a
la
pt
op
r
unni
ng
Mi
cro
s
oft
W
i
ndows Oper
at
ing
Syst
em
.
The
host
is
use
d
f
or
s
of
t
war
e d
evel
op
m
ent
a
nd
de
plo
ym
ent.
F
or
operati
on
it
sel
f,
the host is
not
us
e
d.
Figure
1. Ha
rdwar
e
co
m
pone
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
a port
ab
le
r
adio
-
fre
qu
e
ncy
-
ide
ntif
ic
ation
re
ader
capable t
o re
a
ding
a user…
(
Aji
b
Sety
o
Arif
in
)
1541
2.3.
S
oftware
design
Figure
2
prese
nts
the
s
of
t
ware
wor
kf
lo
w
for
t
he
RF
ID
rea
der.
Wh
e
n
sta
r
ti
ng
the
pro
gr
a
m
,
the
use
r
m
ay
cho
os
e b
e
tween
tw
o
rea
de
r
w
orkin
g
m
od
es:
co
ntinuo
us
or
n
onc
on
ti
nuous.
If
th
e
us
e
r
does
not
de
fine
the
read
i
ng
m
od
e,
then
the
read
e
r
def
a
ults
to
the
nonc
on
ti
nu
ous
m
od
e.
I
f
the
us
er
sel
ect
s
th
e
con
ti
nu
o
us
m
od
e,
the
read
e
r
reads
the
RSSI,
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
an
d
E
PC
durin
g
the
ta
g
-
rea
ding
du
rati
on.
The
dat
a
are
then
displ
ay
ed
on
a
se
rial
m
on
it
or
with
a
predete
rm
ine
d
baud
rate
of
115,2
00
bps
.
Bot
h
proces
ses
co
ntin
ue
un
ti
l
a
pr
e
determ
ined
tim
e.
If
the
pr
ogram
keep
s
read
in
g
beyo
nd
this
tim
e,
the
n
the
read
e
r
w
il
l
stop
read
in
g.
T
he
LCD
does
no
t
su
pp
or
t
this
m
od
e
,
su
c
h
that
wh
e
n
this
m
ode
ta
kes
place,
t
he
LCD
s
witc
hes
off
t
o
m
ini
m
iz
e
the po
wer co
nsum
ed.
Figure
2. S
of
t
war
e
work
flo
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptem
ber
20
21
:
15
38
-
15
49
1542
Me
anwhil
e,
if
the
use
r
sel
e
ct
s
the
no
ncontinuo
us
m
ode,
the
read
e
r
read
s
the
E
P
C,
TI
D,
us
er
m
e
m
or
y,
kill
p
assw
ord,
an
d
a
ccess
pass
wor
d
from
the
ta
g
within
it
s
read
in
g
range.
Aft
erw
ar
d,
the
use
r
can
choose
w
hich
data
they
wan
t
to
dis
play
on
t
he
LC
D.
T
he
r
eadin
g
process
can
be
rep
eat
e
d
if
t
he
us
er
w
ants
t
o
read an
oth
e
r
ta
g; o
t
herwise, t
he reade
r
te
rm
i
nates the
r
ea
di
ng.
3.
E
X
PERI
MEN
TAL S
CEN
A
RIO
S
To
determ
ine
the
perform
ance
of
the
RFI
D
rea
der
,
we
m
easur
ed
it
exp
e
rim
ental
l
y
in
te
rm
s
of
par
am
et
ers
including
RR
SI,
sensi
ng
range,
ou
t
pu
t
po
wer,
an
d
abil
it
y
to
detect
a
nu
m
ber
of
ta
gs
si
m
ultaneou
sly
.
Its
pe
rfor
m
ance
was
m
easur
e
d
for
a
va
r
ie
ty
of
diff
e
re
nt
ante
nnas
a
nd
ta
gs.
The
an
te
nn
as
include
d
the
on
-
boar
d
anten
na
,
an
om
nid
ire
ct
ion
al
anten
na
with
2
-
dBi
gain,
an
d
a
m
ic
ro
strip
anten
na
with
6
-
dBi
gai
n.
Me
a
su
rem
ents
we
r
e
car
ried
out
unde
r
t
wo
co
nd
it
ion
s:
L
OS
a
nd
NL
OS
.
I
n
t
he
LO
S
c
onditi
on,
we
ens
ur
e
that
the
re
are
no
obst
r
uctions
betwee
n
the
rea
der
a
nd
t
he
ta
g;
both
are
instal
le
d
at
a
heigh
t
of
1
m
above
le
vel
groun
d,
as
s
how
n
in
Fi
g
ure
3.
Me
asur
em
ents
ar
e
m
ade
us
ing
a
sp
a
rse
va
riat
ion
of
1
m
and
a
cl
os
est
distanc
e
of
1
m
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
in
N
LOS
c
onditi
ons,
m
easur
e
m
ents
wer
e
m
ade
i
ndoors
with
a
wall
of
thickne
ss
13.
1
c
m
act
ing
as
a
barrier
bet
wee
n
the
rea
der
a
nd
the
ta
g.
T
he
read
e
r
an
d
ta
g
are
placed
s
uc
h
th
at
they
are
the
sa
m
e
distance
from
the
wall
.
The
dista
nce
bet
ween
t
he
tw
o
is
var
ie
d
f
ro
m
1
m
to
6
m
with
a
n
increm
ent
of
1
m
.
The
read
er
and
ta
g
are
placed
at
a
height
of
1
m
;
the
plan
an
d
reali
zat
ion
of
rea
der
-
a
nd
-
ta
g
placem
ent can be see
n
i
n
Fi
gures
4(
a
)
a
nd (b), res
pecti
vely
.
Figure
3. Me
as
ur
em
ent o
f
the
li
ne
of sig
ht
(L
OS
)
sce
nar
i
o
(a)
(b)
Figure
4. N
on
l
ine of si
gh
t
(
N
LOS) sce
nar
i
o: (
a)
Placem
ent o
f
the ta
g
a
nd the
read
e
r
a
nd (b) R
eal
iz
at
ion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
a port
ab
le
r
adio
-
fre
qu
e
ncy
-
ide
ntif
ic
ation
re
ader
capable t
o re
a
ding
a user…
(
Aji
b
Sety
o
Arif
in
)
1543
4.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
D
IS
C
USS
ION
4
.
1.
RFI
D
-
re
ad
er
speci
fica
tion
Figure
5
sho
w
s
the
RFID
rea
der
that
we
co
ns
tr
ucted.
T
he
Ardu
i
no
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er
use
s
a
Sp
arkf
un
Si
m
ultaneo
us
RFID
m
od
ule;
this
RFID
re
ader
is
eq
uipp
ed
with
a
n
L
CD
keypa
d
s
hi
el
d
with
butt
on
s
for
op
e
rati
on
a
nd
a
m
od
e
for
s
upportin
g
m
ob
il
e
w
ork
that
doe
s
not
nee
d
per
s
on
al
c
om
pu
te
r
or
la
ptop.
The
LC
D
can
dis
play
li
s
t
of
obser
ve
d
RFID
ta
gs,
ac
cess
ty
pes
of
m
e
m
or
ie
s
includi
ng,
EPC,
T
ID
,
us
er
m
e
m
or
y,
a
nd
pass
word.
T
he
RFI
D
-
reade
r
’
s
pac
ka
ging
is
eq
uippe
d
with
a
tra
ns
pa
re
nt
acryl
ic
box
of
com
pact
sha
pe
t
o
su
pp
or
t
porta
bili
ty
.
Figure
5. Re
al
iz
at
ion
of RFI
D
r
ea
der
Table
1
s
ho
ws
t
he
pro
posed
RF
I
D
-
rea
der’s
s
pecific
at
ion
s.
T
he
r
eader
ha
s
dim
ension
s
of
129
×
129
× 60
m
m
and
an
anten
na
of
223
×
200
×
60
m
m
.
The
read
e
r
is
separ
at
e
d
fro
m
the
antenn
a, m
aki
ng
it
easie
r
to
place t
he
a
nten
na f
or
m
axim
u
m
s
ensiti
vity
. Th
e
protoc
ol
us
ed
by the
rea
der
is
I
S
O 180
00
-
6C.
Thi
s
read
e
r
ca
n
op
erate
in
se
veral
countries,
s
uch
as
Am
erica,
Eu
r
op
e
,
C
hin
a,
I
nd
ia
,
S
ou
t
h
K
orea,
A
us
tral
ia
,
Japa
n,
Ind
on
e
s
ia
,
an
d
m
any
oth
e
rs.
The
f
re
qu
e
ncy
ca
n
be
ad
j
ust
ed
from
860
to
960
MHz
by
the
us
e
r
.
T
he
read
e
r
al
so
has
an
ou
t
pu
t
po
w
er
of
5
–
27
dB
m
with
an
incr
e
m
ent
of
1
dB
m
.
Fu
rthe
rm
or
e,
12
m
is
the
far
thest
read
i
ng
distan
ce
achieve
d
by
the
read
e
r
dur
ing
L
OS
c
ondi
ti
on
s.
T
he
a
ntenn
a
has
a
gain
o
f
6
dBi.
Ba
s
ed
on
the
RFI
D
m
od
ule’s
datasheet
,
this
rea
der
ha
s
a
receivin
g
s
ensiti
vity
of
−
59
dBm
[28]
a
nd
ca
n
read
m
ulti
ple
ta
gs
at
once
,
owin
g
to
it
s
a
nti
-
colli
sion
prot
oco
l.
This
rea
de
r
is
al
so
e
quipp
e
d
with
LC
D
to
s
how
t
he
sensing
ta
gs
.
The
pro
gram
is
wr
it
te
n
in
the
Ardu
i
no
la
ng
ua
ge.
T
he
read
er
ca
n
rea
d
par
ti
ti
ons
fro
m
the
us
er
m
e
m
or
y
bank by
directl
y addressi
ng th
e d
at
a a
nd it
s leng
t
h.
Table
1
al
so
c
om
par
es
the
pr
opos
e
d
RF
ID
r
eader
with
ot
he
rs
a
vaila
ble
on
the
m
ark
et
,
inclu
ding
th
e
RFD72
06E
RAI
N
U
HF
I
nt
egr
at
ed
Re
a
de
r
Wr
it
er
[23
]
and
the
Mi
niature
I
nteg
r
at
ed
RFI
D
Re
ade
r
CL720
6B7A
with
RJ
45
[
24]
.
Seve
ral
sp
ec
ific
at
ion
s
a
re
c
om
par
ed,
inclu
ding
dim
ension
s,
prot
oco
l,
w
orki
ng
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
out
pu
t
po
wer,
rea
ding
distance
,
anten
na
gai
n,
work
i
ng
m
od
e,
and
the
abili
ty
to
read
us
e
r
m
e
m
or
y
with
a
pa
rtic
ul
ar
ad
dress.
T
hese
c
om
par
ison
s
s
how
that
eve
n
t
hough
the
propose
d
RFID
rea
de
r
r
e
m
ai
ns
separ
at
e
d
from
the
a
nten
na,
i
t
is
sti
ll
le
ss
c
om
pact
than
t
he
tw
o
read
e
rs
on
the
m
ark
et
that
f
us
e
the
read
e
r
ci
rcu
it
with
th
e
anten
na
.
T
he
prot
oco
l
us
e
d
by
the
th
ree
RFID
rea
ders
i
s
the
sam
e,
na
m
el
y,
IS
O
18000
-
6C,
wh
il
e
the
pro
pose
d
RFI
D
rea
der
has
a
br
oa
der
w
orkin
g
-
frequ
e
ncy
c
ov
e
r
age,
al
lo
wing
i
t
to
be
us
e
d
in
m
or
e
countries.
T
he
two
RFI
D
re
ader
s
[23]
,
[
24]
hav
e
outp
ut
po
w
ers
ra
ng
ing
f
r
om
0
to
30
dBm
,
wh
il
e
the
pro
po
se
d
RFI
D
read
e
r
pro
du
ces
a
sm
al
le
r
r
a
ng
e
o
f
po
wer from
5
dBm
to
27 d
Bm
.
The
i
ncr
em
ental
po
wer
s
of
the
three
rea
de
rs
is
the
sam
e,
nam
ely,
1
dBm
.
The
two
re
ader
s
have
rea
ding
distance
s
up
to
8
m
,
wh
il
e
the
pro
po
se
d
RFI
D
rea
der
,
e
ve
n
though
it
us
es
le
ss
powe
r
(25
dBm
),
can
achieve
rea
ding
dis
ta
n
ces
as
la
rg
e as
12
m
.
The
antenna
gain
of
t
he
pro
posed
R
FID
read
e
r
is
6
dBi
,
w
hile
the
ot
he
rs
[
23]
,
[
24
]
hav
e
gai
ns
of
6
dBi
and
5
dBi,
res
pecti
vely
.
Sensi
ti
vity
is
an
i
m
portant
pa
ram
e
te
r
for
RFI
D,
a
nd
knowin
g
th
e
read
e
r’
s
se
nsi
ti
vity
can
al
low
t
he
read
i
ng
distan
ce
to
be
est
im
at
ed.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
RFI
D
-
rea
der’s
se
ns
it
ivit
y
is
−64
dBm
,
wh
il
e
the o
t
her tw
o
r
eaders
do n
ot inclu
de
this
p
a
r
a
m
et
er o
n t
he data
sh
eet
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptem
ber
20
21
:
15
38
-
15
49
1544
Table
1.
C
om
par
iso
n of RFI
D
-
rea
der sp
ec
s
Sp
ecs
The p
rop
o
sed
RFID
reade
r
RFD7
2
0
6
E
RAIN
UHF
Integ
rated Read
er
W
rit
er
[
2
3
]
Miniatu
re
Integ
r
at
ed
RFID
-
reader
CL7
2
0
6
B7
A with RJ
4
5
[2
4]
Di
m
en
sio
n
s (leng
th
×
wid
th
×
h
ig
h
t)
in
m
m
Read
er:
(12
9
×
1
2
9
×
6
0
)
an
ten
n
a: (
2
2
3
×
2
0
0
×
6
0
)
Read
er
an
d
anten
n
a:
1
6
4
×
1
6
4
×
4
9
.6
Read
er
an
d
anten
n
a:
1
6
4
×
1
6
4
×
4
9
.6
Proto
co
l
ISO
1
8
0
0
0
-
6C
ISO
1
8
0
0
0
-
6C
ISO
1
8
0
0
0
-
6C
Frequ
en
cy
FCC
(
NA
,
SA
)
9
1
7
.4
–
9
2
7
.2
MHz;
8
6
5
.6
–
8
6
7
.6
M
Hz;
TRAI
(I
n
d
ia)
8
6
5
–
8
6
7
M
Hz;
KCC
(
Ko
re
a)
9
1
7
–
9
2
3
.5
MHz;
ACMA
(Aus
tralia
)
92
0
–
9
2
6
MHz;
SRR
C
-
MI
I
(
P.R.
C
h
in
a)
9
2
0
.1
–
9
2
4
.9 MHz;
MI
C
(Jap
an
)
9
1
6
.8
–
9
2
2
.2
MHz;
“
Op
en
” (
cu
s
to
m
i
zabl
e
ch
an
n
el plan
; 85
9
–
8
7
3
,
9
1
5
–
9
3
0
M
Hz)
USA: 90
2
M
Hz
–
9
2
8
M
Hz
(FCC p
art
1
5
)
EU:
8
6
5
–
8
6
8
M
Hz
(E
TS
I
EN
3
0
2
2
0
8
)
CN:
920
–
9
2
5
M
Hz (
C
MI
I
T)
9
2
0
M
Hz
~
9
2
3
M
Hz,
8
4
0
M
Hz
~
845
MHz
an
d
FCC, 90
2
M
Hz
~
9
2
8
M
Hz
an
d
E
TSI
,
8
6
5
M
H
z ~
8
6
8
M
Hz
Ou
tp
u
t po
wer
5
–
2
7
dB
m
0
–
3
3
dB
m
0
–
3
3
dB
m
Po
wer
ad
ju
st
m
en
t
±1
dB
m
±1
dB
m
±1
dB
m
Read
in
g
d
istan
ce in
LOS
co
n
d
itio
n
s
Up
to 1
2
m
Up
to 8
m
Up
to 8
m
An
ten
n
a gain
6
dB
i
6
dB
i
5
dB
i
Read
er
sen
sitiv
ity
−6
4
dB
m
No
t availab
le on
the
d
atash
eet
No
t availab
le on
the d
atash
eet
An
ti
-
co
llisio
n
Yes
Yes
Yes
W
o
rkin
g
m
o
d
e
Fixed/Mo
b
ile
Fixed
Fixed
Equ
ip
p
ed
with
L
CD
Yes
No
No
Prog
ra
m
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
Ardu
in
o
.NE
T/C/C#
.NE
T/.
N
ET
Co
r
e/
C++/J
av
a SDK
An
d
roid
platf
o
r
m
Has th
e abilit
y
to r
ead
m
e
m
o
ry u
sers b
y
sp
ecial a
d
d
resses
Yes
Yes
Yes
Price
(I
DR
)
4
,91
6
,659
1
9
,00
0
,0
0
0
1
0
,00
0
,0
0
0
Me
anwhil
e,
the
two
read
e
rs
on
the
m
ark
et
ha
ve
a
fixed
w
orki
ng
m
od
e
or
d
epe
nd
upon
the
la
ptop
for
op
e
rati
on.
I
n
con
t
rast,
the
pro
po
s
ed
RFI
D
re
ader
ca
n
wor
k
bo
t
h
w
hen
c
onnected
an
d
w
he
n
not
connect
ed
to
the
la
ptop,
bec
ause
it
is
eq
uipped
with
a
n
L
CD
to
disp
la
y
the
rea
ding
re
s
ults.
T
he
th
ree
read
e
rs
hav
e
a
n
a
nti
-
colli
sion
prot
oc
ol,
w
hich
al
lows
them
to
read
m
ult
iple
t
ags
at
a
tim
e.
All
three
reade
rs
can
rea
d
the
us
e
r
m
e
m
or
y
bank
with
a
s
pecific
ad
dr
ess
.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
RF
I
D
rea
de
r
can
be
program
m
e
d
us
in
g
the
A
r
du
i
no
pro
gr
am
m
ing
la
nguag
e
,
w
hil
e
the
RFD
7206E
RA
IN
U
H
F
In
te
gr
at
e
d
Re
ader
Wr
it
er
can
be
pro
gra
m
m
ed
us
in
g
la
ngua
ge
s
su
c
h
as
.
NET
,
C,
a
nd
C#
,
a
nd
the
Mi
niatur
e
In
te
gr
at
e
d
R
FI
D
-
re
ade
r
CL
7206B7
A
with
RJ4
5
can
us
e
.N
E
T,
.N
ET
Co
re,
C+
+, or Ja
va SD
K Andr
oid
platfo
rm
s.
The
RFD
7206
E
RAI
N
U
HF
In
te
grat
ed
Re
ader
Wr
it
er
ha
s
the
highest
pr
ic
e
of
the
three
(
ID
R
19,00
0,000
),
wh
il
e
the
Mi
ni
at
ur
e
I
ntegr
at
ed
RFI
D
-
reade
r
CL7
206B7A
with
RJ4
5
costs
I
DR
10,
000,0
00.
Me
anwhil
e,
th
e
cost
sp
ent
on
m
anu
factu
rin
g
the
propose
d
RFID
re
ade
r
is
on
ly
ID
R
4,9
16,
659;
howe
ve
r,
this
do
e
s
no
t c
onsider
the s
oft
ware
-
de
velo
pm
ent co
st.
4
.
2.
RS
SI
ver
sus
dis
tance
i
n a
LOS
scen
ar
io
Figure
6
s
how
s
the
RSSI
m
e
asur
em
ents
in
a
LOS
sce
nar
i
o.
T
he
RSSI
va
lue
can
be
see
n
to
dec
rease
as
the
distance
betwee
n
t
he
r
eader
an
d
t
he
t
ag
inc
reases
.
R
SSI
data
wer
e
ob
ta
ine
d
from
six
diff
e
ren
t
ta
gs
t
hat
can
be
cl
assifi
ed
into
tw
o
gr
oups
:
ISO
an
d
non
-
ISO.
T
he
IS
O
ta
gs
c
onsist
of
passi
ve
con
ta
ct
le
ss
ta
gs
an
d
windsh
ie
l
d
-
sti
c
ker
ta
gs,
w
herea
s
the
non
-
ISO
ta
gs
co
ns
ist
of
a
j
e
welry
-
la
bel
ta
g,
a
passi
ve
on
-
m
et
al
tag
,
a
n
Im
pin
j
Mon
za
ta
g,
an
d
a
la
udry
ta
g.
At
a
m
a
xim
u
m
distance
of
4
m
,
alm
o
st
al
l
ty
pes
of
ta
gs
can
be
det
ect
ed
by
the
rea
der
a
nd
only
tw
o
ty
pes
of
ta
gs
can
be
detect
ed
at
a
dista
nce
of
11
m
,
bo
th
of
t
hem
IS
O
1800
0
-
6C
-
sta
nd
a
rd
iz
e
d.
These
res
ults
conf
irm
that
t
he
ch
oice
of
t
ag
ty
pe
can
af
fect
the
op
e
rat
ion
al
distance
of
the
read
e
r.
T
he
int
eresti
ng
t
hing
about
this
m
ea
su
rem
ent
is
the
read
e
r’
s
a
bili
ty
to
detect
ta
gs
up
t
o
RSSI
−
63.75
dBm
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
a port
ab
le
r
adio
-
fre
qu
e
ncy
-
ide
ntif
ic
ation
re
ader
capable t
o re
a
ding
a user…
(
Aji
b
Sety
o
Arif
in
)
1545
Figure
6
.
RSS
I
v
e
rsu
s
d
ist
a
nc
e in
a
LO
S sce
nar
i
o wit
h
ta
g
var
ia
ti
on
4
.
3
.
RS
SI
ver
sus
dis
tance
i
n a
NL
OS
sce
na
ri
o
Figure
7
s
how
s
the
resu
lt
s
of
RSSI
m
easur
em
ents
in
the
NLO
S
sce
na
r
io.
RSSI
is
obser
ve
d
to
decr
ease
w
hen
the
distance
be
tween
the
rea
der
a
nd
the
ta
g
increases
.
He
r
e,
there
a
re
onl
y
three
ta
gs
th
at
ca
n
be
detect
e
d
at
a
distance
of
m
or
e
than
1
m
,
with
the
grea
te
st
detect
ion
distance
bein
g
5.5
m
.
The
m
a
xim
u
m
detect
ion dista
nce is less
tha
n 5
0%
t
hat in L
OS
sce
na
rios.
Figure
7. RSS
I
v
e
rsu
s
d
ist
a
nc
e in a NL
OS sc
enar
i
o wit
h
ta
g va
riat
ion
4
.
4
.
Nu
mbe
r
of
t
ag
s
re
ad
ve
rsus
dis
tance
Figure
8
s
how
s
that,
at
a
distance
of
1
m
,
the
read
e
r
can
re
ad
al
l
14
of
14
ta
gs
in
the
L
O
S
co
nd
it
io
n;
in
the
NL
OS
c
onditi
on,
the
m
axi
m
u
m
nu
m
ber
of
ta
gs
rea
d
was
on
ly
11.
At
a
distance
of
12
m
,
on
ly
on
e
ta
g
respo
nd
e
d,
an
d
beyo
nd
this
distance
,
the
read
e
r
ca
nnot
read
any
ta
gs
at
al
l
in
LO
S
co
ndit
ion
.
I
n
bo
t
h
conditi
ons,
the
gr
a
ph
e
xhibit
s
decr
ease
with
increasin
g
distance.
T
he
rela
ti
on
s
hip
be
twe
en
the
distance
and
the
m
axi
m
u
m
nu
m
ber
of
ta
gs
that
was
read
was
in
versel
y
pro
por
ti
on
al
t
o
the
distance
i
ncr
ease
—
the
great
er
the d
ist
a
nce,
t
he
f
e
wer
ta
gs
ca
n be
read.
Dista
nce
af
fect
s
the
RSSI
value
beca
us
e
the
read
e
r’
s
el
ect
r
om
agn
et
ic
waves
will
at
te
nu
at
e
their
way
into
the
ta
g.
T
he
great
er
this
distance
a
nd
th
e
gr
eat
er
t
he
tr
ansm
itte
d
wave’s
at
te
nu
at
io
n,
the
le
ss
ene
rgy
that
the
ta
g
will
re
cei
ve.
I
f
the
distance
is
too
great
,
the
e
nerg
y
received
by
the
ta
g
will
be
too
sm
al
l;
in
su
c
h
a
case,
the
ene
r
gy
will
no
t
be
s
uffici
ent
f
or
th
e
ta
g
t
o
tra
ns
m
it
data
in
t
he
form
of
re
flect
ed
wa
ves
t
o
the
r
eader
.
Unde
r
othe
r
c
onditi
ons,
the
t
ag
will
sti
ll
ref
le
ct
wav
es
but
with
le
ss
pow
er;
there
fore,
t
he
RSS
I
val
ue
read
s
lowe
r.
The
r
ea
der
will
sti
ll
b
e
able
to
read
ta
gs
with
a
high
RSSI
value
at
a
read
ing
distance
of
11
to
12
m
,
wh
il
e
th
os
e
wi
th
a
sm
a
ll
er
R
SSI
value
will
no
t
be
le
gib
le
.
The
refor
e
,
th
ere
is
a
reducti
on
in
the
m
axi
m
u
m
nu
m
ber
of tags
r
ea
d
as
distanc
e increase
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptem
ber
20
21
:
15
38
-
15
49
1546
Figure
8. The
nu
m
ber
of tags
d
et
ect
ed
in
t
he
LO
S
a
nd N
L
O
S sce
nar
io
s
4
.
5
.
Dist
an
ce
vers
us
p
ower
an
d
anten
na t
yp
es
Figure
9
s
how
s
the
eff
ect
of
the
rea
der
-
ante
nn
a
ty
pe
upon
it
s
detect
ion
ab
il
ity.
Ther
e
are
three
ty
pe
s
of
ante
nn
as
,
nam
ely,
on
-
board,
om
nid
irect
ion
al
,
a
nd
m
ic
ro
strip.
L
OS
a
nd
NL
O
S
m
easur
em
e
nts
wer
e
perform
ed
by
var
yi
ng
the
tra
ns
m
issi
on
pow
er
over
5
–
25
dBm
.
LOS
-
m
ea
su
rem
ent
resu
l
ts
m
ark
ed
with
a
so
li
d
li
ne
sh
ow
that
the
m
ic
ro
strip
antenn
a
prov
i
des
the
best
re
su
lt
s
with
a
great
est
detect
ion
distance
of
12
m
.
Me
anwhil
e,
on
-
boar
d
a
nd
omnidirect
io
nal
a
nten
nas
re
su
lt
in
a
detect
ion
-
distance
perfor
m
ance
of
le
ss
t
han
1
m
,
e
ven
tho
ug
h
the
rea
der
is
set
to
25
dBm
of
ou
t
pu
t
po
w
er.
Cl
os
e
r
to
the
NL
OS
m
ark
ed
by
a
das
he
d
li
ne,
the
m
ic
ro
strip
anten
na
sti
ll
has
th
e
great
e
st
detect
ion
di
sta
nce.
T
hese
resu
lt
s
c
onfir
m
that
the
ch
oice
of
read
e
r
-
a
nten
na
ty
pe
can
af
fect
the
detect
ion
-
dist
ance
perf
orm
ance.
Figure
9. Per
f
orm
ance d
et
ect
ion o
f
a
n
RF
I
D reade
r by ante
nn
a
ty
pe
4
.
6
.
Mem
ory
readin
g
We s
how
a se
rial
co
m
m
un
ic
ation
i
nterf
a
ce th
at
r
ep
rese
nts how the R
FID
r
eader
accesses
al
l
m
e
m
or
y
banks
, as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
10. We ca
n
see
the
rea
d
ar
r
ow tha
t t
her
e is a
user
m
e
m
or
y ban
k
read.
4
.
7.
Discussi
on
A
porta
ble
RFID
rea
de
r
m
a
y
be
a
good
so
l
ution
for
sensi
ng
ov
e
r
a
la
rge
area
wh
il
e
m
ai
ntainin
g
a
low
powe
r
co
ns
um
ption.
More
over,
a
n
R
FI
D
rea
der
t
ha
t
can
acce
ss
a
us
er
m
e
m
or
y
bank
obta
in
s
m
or
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
f
r
om
a
ta
g;
how
ever,
s
uch
RFI
D
read
e
rs
do
no
t
te
nd
t
o
be
m
ob
il
e
[23]
,
[24]
.
T
his
pa
pe
r
has
therefo
re
propose
d
a
portable
RFI
D
re
ade
r
c
apab
le
of acces
sing use
r
m
e
m
or
y
ba
nk
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
a port
ab
le
r
adio
-
fre
qu
e
ncy
-
ide
ntif
ic
ation
re
ader
capable t
o re
a
ding
a user…
(
Aji
b
Sety
o
Arif
in
)
1547
We
ha
ve
desig
ned
t
he
pro
pos
ed
RFI
D
rea
de
r
with
a
com
pa
rab
le
s
pecifi
cat
ion
as
s
how
n
in
Table
2.
Our
RF
ID
reade
r
outpe
rfo
rm
s
it
s
com
petit
or
s
in
te
rm
s
of
se
ver
al
par
am
et
e
rs,
s
uc
h
as
ra
di
us
ra
nge
(
w
hich
is
2
m
lon
ge
r)
a
nd
cost
-
e
ff
ect
ive
ne
ss
with
im
pr
ovem
ent
being
25%
an
d
-
50%
,
res
pecti
vely
.
Howe
ver,
we
s
hould
no
te
t
hat this
p
rice d
oes n
ot in
cl
ud
e
resea
rch.
Since
the
RFI
D
operates
in
un
li
cen
sed
s
pe
ct
ru
m
,
we
sh
ould
c
on
si
der
in
te
rf
ere
nce
f
r
om
te
chn
ologie
s
that
us
e
sam
e
sp
ect
r
um
su
ch
as
LoRa
and
Zigb
ee
.
These
interfer
e
rs
ca
n
deteri
or
at
e
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
RFID
read
e
r.
Howe
ve
r,
the
per
for
m
ance
of
the
pro
po
se
d
RF
I
D
rea
der
ca
n
e
ven
be
im
pr
oved
us
i
ng
t
he
hi
gh
-
gai
n
anten
na
a
nd
sta
nd
a
r
dized
ta
g.
These
res
ults hav
e
bee
n
i
nv
e
sti
gated
th
rou
gh
m
easur
em
ent
s
unde
r
th
e
L
O
S
an
d
NLOS
sce
na
rios.
The
re
c
an
be
no
doubt
th
at
the
perform
ance
of
the
RFID
r
ea
de
r
with
th
e
NLOS
s
cenar
i
o
decr
ease
d
du
e
to
harder
pro
pag
at
io
n
of
th
e
sign
al
s.
Howev
e
r,
the
perform
ance
resu
l
ts
and
cha
ract
erist
ic
s
po
i
nt to
a
new
le
vel of RF
ID
-
read
e
r
te
c
hnol
og
y.
Figure
10. RF
I
D
r
eads
all
m
e
m
or
y banks
Table.
2 Perce
ntage o
f
im
pr
ovem
ent
Para
m
eter
RFID [
2
4
]
Prop
o
sed
RFID
%
I
m
p
rov
e
m
en
t
Max. L
OS Re
ad
in
g
Distan
ce (
m
)
8
12
25
Price
(I
DR
)
1
0
,00
0
,0
0
0
4
,91
6
,659
-
5
0
.83
3
4
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
pro
po
s
ed
a
porta
bl
e
RFID
rea
der
capab
le
of
acce
ssing
us
er
m
e
m
or
y
ban
ks
on
RFID
ta
gs.
The
rea
der
wa
s
desig
ne
d
us
i
ng
l
ow
-
cost
de
vices
widely
avail
able
on
the
m
ark
et
,
suc
h
as
A
rduin
o
-
base
d
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
rs.
W
e
s
howe
d
that
the
per
for
m
ance
of
our
pro
posed
rea
de
r
ou
tpe
rfor
m
ed
that
of
the
ref
e
ren
ce
RFID
read
e
r
w
it
h
a
read
in
g
di
sta
nce
up
to
12
m
.
The
pro
po
s
ed
rea
der
c
ou
l
d
rea
d
an
d
w
rite
al
l
m
e
m
or
y
bank
s
well
,
inclu
di
ng
EPC,
TI
D,
res
erv
e
d
m
e
m
or
y,
an
d
us
er
m
e
mo
ry.
The
pr
opose
d
desig
n
of
t
he
RF
ID
rea
de
r
ca
n
be
a
pp
li
e
d
in
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
s
te
ch
nolo
gy
for
SBEM
,
pa
rtic
ularly
wh
e
re
data
c
ollec
ti
on
is
re
qu
i
red.
More
ov
e
r, t
he pr
opos
e
d rea
de
r
ca
n
c
ollec
t da
ta
o
ve
r
a
lar
ge a
rea
du
e
to
it
s
m
ob
il
i
ty
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NTS
This
wor
k was
su
pp
or
te
d by the Mi
nistry
of
Re
search
and
Tech
no
l
og
y R
e
public o
f Ind
onesi
a
Gr
a
nt
2020
with c
on
t
ract n
um
ber
NKB
-
3144/U
N2.RST/
H
KP
.
05.
00
/
2020.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
Coll
ott
a
and
G.
Pau,
“A
no
vel
ene
rg
y
m
an
age
m
ent
appr
oa
ch
for
sm
art
ho
m
es
using
Blue
toot
h
low
ene
rg
y
,
”
IEE
E
J
.
S
el
.
Are
as Comm
un
.
,
vol
.
33
,
no
.
12
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pp
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doi
:
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SA
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[2]
J.
Han,
C
.
S.
C
hoi,
W
.
K.
Par
k,
I.
Lee,
and
S.
H.
Kim
,
“
Sm
art
hom
e
ene
r
g
y
m
ana
g
ement
s
y
stem
in
cl
udi
ng
ren
ewa
bl
e
ene
rg
y
base
d
on
Z
igBe
e
and
PLC,
”
IE
EE
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ans.
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[3]
I.
Ulla
h,
R.
Hor
ne,
B.
Sanz
-
Izq
uie
rdo,
and
J.
C.
Bat
che
lor
,
“
RF
ID
AC
cur
ren
t
sensing
te
chni
que
,
”
IEE
E
Sens.
J
.
,
vol.
20
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[4]
J.
La
nd
t, “The
hi
stor
y
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ID,”
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nt
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.