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d
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sh
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ffe
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ti
v
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ss
o
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s
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C
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8
6
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elec
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d
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w
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m
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g
[
1
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.
Su
b
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eq
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ased
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s
[
2
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.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
a
u
to
m
atic
i
s
lan
d
in
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,
t
h
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p
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ar
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g
ac
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s
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tiv
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ar
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v
o
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m
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ar
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ased
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m
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r
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tr
o
l
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ch
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m
e
[
3
-
5
]
.
Dr
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tr
o
l
tak
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l
o
ca
l
m
ea
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itio
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v
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ev
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n
if
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ca
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tl
y
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en
f
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th
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lo
ca
l
lo
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s
[
6
,
7
]
.
On
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ato
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et
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s
b
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m
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in
[
8
]
,
w
h
ic
h
es
ti
m
ate
s
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
is
th
en
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
o
n
lin
e
esti
m
atio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ap
p
licab
le
to
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
f
t
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
is
i
n
is
lan
d
ed
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
est
i
m
ato
r
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
n
l
y
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
wh
en
i
t
is
s
w
itc
h
ed
to
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e.
V
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
s
ed
i
n
[
9
]
to
m
it
ig
ate
th
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
in
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
is
n
o
t
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
s
h
ar
ed
,
an
d
also
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
n
o
t
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t
f
ee
d
er
co
n
ce
p
t
w
it
h
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
to
co
v
er
u
p
th
e
m
i
s
m
atch
o
f
t
h
e
lin
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
[
1
0
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
f
ee
d
er
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
an
d
d
ata
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
[
1
1
]
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
[
1
2
]
an
d
test
ed
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ad
c
h
an
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
a
r
in
g
is
e
f
f
ec
tiv
el
y
d
o
n
e.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
v
ir
tu
al
ca
p
ac
ito
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
s
h
o
w
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
i
n
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
,
b
u
t
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
lo
ad
v
ar
y
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Dea
d
ti
m
e
co
n
ce
p
t
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
v
er
y
co
m
p
licate
d
an
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
d
r
o
o
p
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
g
g
es
ted
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
s
(
VSI
s
)
.
E
q
u
al
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
VSI
s
w
it
h
p
ar
allel
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
DG
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
MG
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
m
a
n
n
er
h
as
b
ee
n
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
i
n
d
etail.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
u
n
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
er
e
w
er
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
h
ar
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
i
s
m
atch
o
f
g
r
id
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
A
t
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
h
ar
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
VSI
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
r
es
h
ap
e
d
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
lo
o
p
to
av
o
id
th
e
m
is
m
atc
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
.
T
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
lo
o
p
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
t
h
at
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
v
al
u
es
o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
’
s
p
h
y
s
ical
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
n
e
v
er
b
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
in
ca
s
e
o
f
ad
ap
tiv
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
is
t
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
es.
Re
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
i
n
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
o
r
in
d
u
cti
v
e
d
r
o
o
p
w
ith
th
e
lo
o
p
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
in
[
2
0
-
2
3
]
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
li
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
th
e
lin
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
ar
e
m
u
c
h
co
m
p
lica
ted
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
h
ar
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
r
e
m
o
v
ed
u
p
to
t
h
e
d
esire
d
lev
el.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ab
r
u
p
t
ch
an
g
e
in
lo
ad
s
a
n
d
p
lu
g
a
n
d
p
la
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
d
o
es
n
o
t
a
f
f
o
r
d
an
y
f
ix
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
.
Her
e
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
it
h
ad
ap
tiv
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
w
h
ic
h
ca
lc
u
late
s
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
a
n
d
r
esh
ap
es
t
h
e
m
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
is
p
r
ese
n
te
d
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
i
s
ap
p
licab
le
to
th
e
is
lan
d
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
.
R
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
i
n
g
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e,
w
h
ich
i
s
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
-
li
n
k
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ex
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
u
n
it
s
an
d
v
ic
e
v
er
s
a.
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
MG
C
C
)
g
e
ts
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
er
im
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
m
o
d
i
f
y
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
v
alu
e
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
to
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
is
m
atc
h
.
P
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
th
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
s
ec
t
io
n
1
,
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
a
p
ar
allel
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
g
r
id
is
g
iv
e
n
in
Sectio
n
2
.
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
B
ased
co
n
tr
o
l,
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
d
ap
tiv
e
Vi
r
tu
al
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
u
ltil
o
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
a
n
d
C
o
n
clu
s
io
n
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
in
Sectio
n
3
,
4,
5
an
d
6
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
2.
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
O
F
P
ARAL
L
E
L
CO
NN
E
C
T
E
D
I
NV
E
R
T
E
R
-
B
ASE
D
M
I
CRO
G
RID
2
.
1
.
M
icro
g
rid st
ruct
ure
I
n
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
h
er
e,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
D
G
u
n
its
;
ea
ch
u
n
it
i
s
co
n
n
ec
te
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
L
C
f
i
lter
an
d
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
an
d
lo
ad
at
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
lin
g
(
P
C
C
)
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
o
ller
MG
C
C
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
m
o
n
i
to
r
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
w
h
et
h
er
it
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
u
n
d
er
is
lan
d
ed
o
r
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
MG
C
C
a
n
d
th
e
DG
u
n
i
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
t
h
at
u
tili
ze
s
a
v
er
y
lo
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
A
s
tatic
tr
an
s
f
er
s
w
itch
(
ST
S)
is
in
s
er
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
DG
in
v
er
ter
s
an
d
th
e
m
ai
n
g
r
id
an
d
PC
C
.
P
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
r
ec
tif
ied
au
to
m
atic
all
y
b
y
th
e
m
a
in
g
r
id
in
ca
s
e
o
f
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e.
I
n
an
is
la
n
d
ed
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
p
ar
allel
-
co
n
n
e
cted
in
v
er
te
r
s
,
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
in
g
is
a
b
ig
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
.
So
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
ev
iatio
n
s
ar
e
t
h
e
m
a
in
i
s
s
u
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er
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as t
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t c
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itio
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I
SS
N
:
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4
7
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p
Sci,
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l.
21
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2
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Feb
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0
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1
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u
r
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F
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lated
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l
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ed
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2
4
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2
5
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.
Giv
en
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elo
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1
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d
(
2
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s
h
o
w
s
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et
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n
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o
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er
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d
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r
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en
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y
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1
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(
2
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W
h
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ar
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o
m
i
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d
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g
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lar
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y
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r
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m
an
d
P
m
ax
ar
e
th
e
d
r
o
o
p
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
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Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
t
h
e
r
elatio
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b
et
w
ee
n
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
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is
g
i
v
en
as
:
(
3
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(
4
)
W
h
er
e
ar
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th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
.
n
an
d
Q
m
ax
ar
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d
r
o
o
p
co
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icie
n
t a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
ea
c
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
.
Fro
m
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
it
is
clea
r
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
e
v
er
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
m
a
ller
d
r
o
o
p
s
lo
p
e
th
e
lar
g
er
p
o
w
er
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
D
G
u
n
it.
W
h
er
ea
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
DG
u
n
its
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
ar
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
.
Du
r
in
g
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
a
ttain
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
i
n
g
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
DG
u
n
it
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
in
a
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
-
s
h
ar
i
n
g
i
s
n
o
t e
as
il
y
att
ain
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
m
atc
h
in
DG
f
ee
d
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Mu
ltil
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a
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u
r
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2
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3
.
Rea
c
t
iv
e
po
w
er
s
ha
ring
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
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an
d
p
o
w
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s
h
ar
i
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g
d
e
v
iatio
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s
ar
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
i
n
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
f
o
r
Vo
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
is
g
iv
e
n
as
:
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
R
P
an
d
XQ
ar
e
t
h
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
an
d
r
ea
cta
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
P
an
d
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r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
a
n
d
V
o
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
DG
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n
it.
C
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
w
o
DG
i
n
v
e
r
ter
s
DG1
an
d
DG2
th
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
:
(
6
)
(
7
)
Mis
m
atch
i
n
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
8
)
(
9
)
Fro
m
(
5
)
,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
DG1
an
d
DG
2
at
s
tead
y
s
tate
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as
:
(
)
(
)
(
1
0
)
(
)
(
)
)
(
1
1
)
W
h
er
e
ar
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
f
ee
d
er
1
an
d
f
ee
d
er
2
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
DG1
an
d
DG2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
(
)
(
)
ar
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
s
ac
r
o
s
s
ea
ch
f
ee
d
er
,
an
d
th
e
ter
m
i
s
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
m
i
s
m
atch
.
3.
VIRT
UAL
I
M
P
E
DANC
E
B
ASE
D
CO
N
T
RO
L
A
d
d
itio
n
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
m
i
s
m
atch
in
f
e
ed
er
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
is
co
m
p
en
s
a
ted
b
y
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
a
s
u
itab
le
v
al
u
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
is
m
atc
h
o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
ar
allel
-
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
w
er
s
h
ar
in
g
d
e
v
iat
io
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
at
th
at
in
s
ta
n
t
o
cc
u
r
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
is
m
atc
h
o
f
f
ee
d
er
s
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
As
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
e
g
iv
e
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
t
h
e
i
n
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
(
1
)
an
d
(
3
)
,
u
s
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ter
m
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
8
2
-
6
9
0
686
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
o
f
DG
u
n
it
(
∫
)
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
to
tal
im
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
er
is
th
e
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
P
h
y
s
ical
an
d
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
o
,
(
1
3
)
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
l
in
e
c
u
r
r
en
t i
s
g
iv
en
a
s
:
(
1
4
)
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t r
elati
o
n
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as;
(
)
(
(
)
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
5
)
(
)
(
1
6
)
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
w
it
h
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
:
(
1
7
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
as t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
d
r
o
o
p
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
v
ir
t
u
a
l i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
o
ltag
e.
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
ADAP
T
I
V
E
VI
RT
UA
L
I
M
P
E
DANC
E
CO
NT
RO
L
Vir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
p
r
e
-
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
f
ee
d
er
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
at
ev
er
y
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
er
v
al
w
it
h
f
i
x
v
al
u
es.
C
alc
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ate
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
er
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
a
y
a
l
w
a
y
s
b
e
n
o
t
ac
cu
r
atel
y
ca
lc
u
lated
,
a
n
d
th
e
er
r
o
r
ch
an
ce
s
ar
e
h
i
g
h
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
MG
s
d
o
n
o
t
af
f
o
r
d
an
y
s
ta
tic
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
ar
e
n
o
t
al
w
a
y
s
s
a
m
e,
it
k
ee
p
s
o
n
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
,
an
d
th
e
MG
s
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
o
n
li
n
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
,
b
u
t
u
n
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
e
o
n
lin
e
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
v
er
y
co
m
p
lex
.
So
,
to
av
o
id
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
b
u
r
d
en
,
a
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
t
h
at
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
d
ep
en
d
o
n
p
r
e
-
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
f
ee
d
er
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
er
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
MG
C
C
g
ets
all
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
lo
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
r
elate
d
to
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
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ter
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m
i
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∑
(
1
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W
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r
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a
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ter
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ce
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r
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f
o
r
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tai
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2502
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4752
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u
r
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c
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g
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r
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5
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a)
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b
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p
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5
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a)
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[1
]
M
.
Ba
jaj
a
n
d
A
.
K.
S
in
g
h
,
“
G
ri
d
in
teg
ra
ted
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
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G
s
y
st
e
m
s:
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re
v
ie
w
o
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p
o
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li
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h
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th
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rt
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it
ig
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,”
In
t.
J
.
En
e
rg
y
Res
.
,
v
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l.
4
4
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
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0
.
[2
]
J.
L
iu
,
Y.
M
i
u
ra
,
H.
Be
v
ra
n
i,
a
n
d
T
.
Ise
,
“
A
Un
if
ied
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
Virtu
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h
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s
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e
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ra
to
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u
lt
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O
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e
ra
ti
o
n
-
M
o
d
e
A
n
a
l
y
se
s,
”
IEE
E
J
.
Eme
rg
.
S
e
l.
T
o
p
.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
M
.
H.
K
h
a
n
,
S
.
A
.
Z
u
lk
if
li
,
E.
P
a
th
a
n
,
E
.
G
a
rb
a
,
R.
Ja
c
k
so
n
,
a
n
d
H.
A
rsh
a
d
,
“
De
c
e
n
tralize
p
o
w
e
r
sh
a
rin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
y
in
islan
d
e
d
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
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g
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n
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n
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o
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ter
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ien
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e
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l.
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0
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
5
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-
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6
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
R.
Ra
z
i,
M
.
C.
P
h
a
m
,
A
.
Ha
b
l
y
,
S
.
Ba
c
h
a
,
Q.
T
.
T
ra
n
,
a
n
d
H.
Im
a
n
-
Ei
n
i,
“
Ro
b
u
st
h
y
b
rid
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
in
v
e
rters
f
o
r
a
c
c
u
ra
te p
o
w
e
r
-
sh
a
rin
g
in
m
icro
g
rid
,
”
Pro
c
.
IE
EE
I
n
t.
Co
n
f.
In
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
p
p
.
8
6
0
-
8
6
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
Z.
A
f
sh
a
r,
M
.
M
o
l
lay
o
u
se
f
i,
S
.
M
.
T
.
Ba
th
a
e
e
,
M
.
T
.
Bi
n
a
,
a
n
d
G
.
B.
G
h
a
re
h
p
e
ti
a
n
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
A
c
c
u
ra
te
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
M
e
th
o
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V
e
rsu
s
Dro
o
p
Co
n
tr
o
l
In
c
lu
d
e
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
M
icr
o
g
rid
s
w
it
h
Crit
ica
l
L
o
a
d
s,”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
8
9
4
6
6
-
8
9
4
7
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
C.
Do
u
,
Z.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
D.
Y
u
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
o
n
g
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
d
ro
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
v
irt
u
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
so
u
rc
e
in
lo
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
m
icro
g
rid
,
”
IET
Ge
n
e
r.
T
r
a
n
sm
.
Distri
b
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
6
-
1
0
5
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
Y.
L
iu
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
o
f
a
n
A
C
m
icro
g
rid
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
,
”
En
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
A
.
S
a
rd
a
sh
ti
,
A
.
Ra
m
e
z
a
n
i,
H.
S
.
Ne
z
h
a
d
a
n
d
A
.
M
o
ra
d
m
a
n
d
,
“
Ob
se
rv
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
S
e
n
so
r
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
Isla
n
d
e
d
A
C
M
icro
g
rid
s
Us
in
g
On
li
n
e
Re
c
u
rsiv
e
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
9
6
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
,
In
stru
me
n
ta
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Au
to
ma
ti
o
n
(
ICCIA)
,
S
a
n
a
n
d
a
j,
Ira
n
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
6.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICCIA
4
9
2
8
8
.
2
0
1
9
.
9
0
3
0
8
2
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
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2
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[9
]
J.
Zh
o
u
a
n
d
P
.
T
.
Ch
e
n
g
,
“
A
m
o
d
if
ied
Q
-
V
d
ro
o
p
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
a
c
c
u
ra
te
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
sh
a
rin
g
in
d
istri
b
u
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
m
icro
g
rid
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
1
0
0
-
4
1
0
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
A
.
A
.
Na
z
e
ri,
P
.
Zac
h
a
rias
,
F
.
M
.
Ib
a
n
e
z
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
o
m
k
u
n
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
-
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
w
it
h
z
e
ro
ste
a
d
y
-
sta
te
e
rro
r
f
o
r
a
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
a
n
L
CL
o
u
tp
u
t
f
il
ter,”
2
0
1
9
IEE
E
M
il
a
n
P
o
we
rTec
h
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
D.
K.
Dh
e
e
r,
Y.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
S
.
Do
o
ll
a
,
“
A
S
e
lf
A
d
ju
stin
g
Dro
o
p
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
trate
g
y
to
Im
p
ro
v
e
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
i
n
Isla
n
d
e
d
M
icr
o
g
rid
,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
u
st
a
in
.
En
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
0
2
9
,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
Y.
G
u
p
ta,
K.
Ch
a
tt
e
rjee
,
a
n
d
S
.
Do
o
ll
a
,
“
A
S
im
p
le
Co
n
tro
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
in
Isla
n
d
e
d
M
icro
g
rid
,
”
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
we
r S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
5
8
-
3
1
6
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
3
]
H.
Xu
,
C.
Y
u
,
C.
L
iu
,
Q.
W
a
n
g
,
F
.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
i,
“
A
n
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
V
irt
u
a
l
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
in
M
u
lt
i
-
P
a
ra
ll
e
led
Dist
rib
u
te
d
G
e
n
e
ra
to
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
8
6
-
1
0
7
9
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
Y.
Qi,
J.
F
a
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
T
a
n
g
,
“
Util
izin
g
th
e
De
a
d
-
T
ime
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e
c
t
to
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c
h
iev
e
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c
e
n
tralize
d
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
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h
a
rin
g
i
n
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n
d
e
d
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C
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icro
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rid
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”
in
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
in
g
a
n
d
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e
lec
ted
T
o
p
ics
in
Po
we
r
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e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
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e
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2
0
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0
.
d
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.
1
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0
9
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S
T
P
E.
2
0
1
9
.
2
9
0
4
0
7
7
.
[1
5
]
D.
S
im
o
n
e
tt
i,
E.
S
im
o
n
e
tt
i,
Z.
S
z
a
n
to
i,
A
.
L
u
p
i,
a
n
d
H.
D.
Ev
a
,
“
F
irst
Re
su
lt
s
f
ro
m
th
e
P
h
e
n
o
lo
g
y
-
Ba
se
d
S
y
n
th
e
sis
Clas
sif
ier U
sin
g
L
a
n
d
sa
t
8
Im
a
g
e
ry
,
”
IEE
E
Ge
o
sc
i.
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
s.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
6
-
1
5
0
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
M
.
Esk
a
n
d
a
ri,
L
.
L
i,
M
.
H.
M
o
ra
d
i,
P
.
S
ian
o
,
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
“
Ac
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
a
n
d
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
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e
sto
ra
ti
o
n
in
a
n
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s Ne
tw
o
rk
e
d
M
i
c
ro
g
rid
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
7
0
6
-
4
7
1
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
W
.
De
n
g
,
N.
D
a
i,
K.
-
W
.
L
a
o
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
G
u
e
rre
ro
,
“
A
V
irt
u
a
l
-
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
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o
p
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o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
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c
c
u
ra
t
e
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c
ti
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e
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o
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r
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n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
Us
in
g
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
-
Co
u
p
li
n
g
I
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
9
9
9
4
,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
8
]
Y.
Qi,
P
.
L
in
,
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y.
T
a
n
g
,
“
Tw
o
-
d
ime
n
sio
n
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
-
sh
a
p
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
w
it
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
p
o
w
e
r
sh
a
rin
g
f
o
r
in
v
e
rter
-
b
a
se
d
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
0
7
-
1
1
4
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
T
.
V
.
H
o
a
n
g
a
n
d
H.
H.
L
e
e
,
“
A
Distrib
u
ted
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
Isla
n
d
e
d
M
icr
o
g
rid
s,”
ICP
E
2
0
1
9
-
ECCE
Asia
-
1
0
t
h
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
-
ECCE
Asi
a
,
p
p
.
2
3
0
-
2
3
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
K.
S
a
b
z
e
v
a
ri
a
n
d
S
.
Ka
rim
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
d
if
ied
d
r
o
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
imp
ro
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in
g
a
d
a
p
ti
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e
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
d
istri
b
u
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
u
n
it
s
in
islan
d
e
d
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
R.
A
n
,
Z.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
J.
L
iu
,
“
M
o
d
if
ied
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
m
e
th
o
d
to
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
te
m
is
m
a
tch
e
d
li
n
e
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
s
in
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
Co
n
f.
Pro
c
.
-
IE
EE
A
p
p
l
.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
f.
Ex
p
o
.
-
A
PEC
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
9
-
M
a
rc
h
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
9
-
1
1
1
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
B.
L
iu
,
Z.
L
iu
,
J.
L
iu
,
R
.
A
n
,
H.
Zh
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y.
S
h
i,
“
A
n
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
V
irt
u
a
l
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
Co
n
tro
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
B
a
se
d
o
n
S
m
a
ll
-
AC
-
S
ig
n
a
l
In
jec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Un
b
a
lan
c
e
d
a
n
d
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
P
o
w
e
r
S
h
a
rin
g
i
n
Isla
n
d
e
d
M
icro
g
ri
d
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
5
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
3
]
W
.
Ha
o
,
C.
Zh
e
n
g
,
Q.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
T
.
Ru
i,
“
Dro
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
in
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
o
n
v
a
riab
le
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
,
”
Pro
c
.
1
4
th
IEE
E
C
o
n
f.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Ap
p
l.
ICI
EA
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
7
-
1
1
7
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
A
.
E.
M
.
Bo
u
z
id
,
P
.
S
ica
rd
,
H.
Ch
a
o
u
i,
A
.
Ch
e
rit
i,
M
.
S
e
c
h
il
a
riu
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
G
u
e
rre
ro
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
De
c
o
u
p
led
T
rig
o
n
o
m
e
tri
c
S
a
tu
ra
ted
d
ro
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
sh
a
rin
g
i
n
is
lan
d
e
d
lo
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
El
e
c
tr.
P
o
we
r
S
y
st.
Res
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
8
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
-
1
6
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
A
.
V
il
lalo
n
,
C.
M
u
n
o
z
,
R
.
A
li
a
g
a
,
J.
M
u
n
o
z
,
M
.
Riv
e
ra
,
a
n
d
P
.
Z
a
n
c
h
e
tt
a
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
sh
a
rin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
islan
d
e
d
a
c
m
icro
g
rid
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
d
r
o
o
p
c
o
n
t
ro
l
a
n
d
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
,
”
Pro
c
.
IEE
E
I
n
t.
Co
n
f.
I
n
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
9
-
1
1
4
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
6
]
L
.
L
in
,
H.
M
a
,
a
n
d
Z.
Ba
i,
“
A
n
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
P
ro
p
o
rt
io
n
a
l
L
o
a
d
-
S
h
a
ri
n
g
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
M
e
sh
e
d
P
a
ra
ll
e
l
I
n
v
e
rters
S
y
ste
m
w
it
h
Co
m
p
lex
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
7
3
3
8
-
7
3
5
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
7
]
Y.
Hu
,
J.
Xia
n
g
,
Y.
P
e
n
g
,
P
.
Ya
n
g
,
a
n
d
W
.
W
e
i,
“
De
c
e
n
tralise
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
re
a
c
t
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
sh
a
rin
g
u
sin
g
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
,
”
IET
Ge
n
e
r.
T
ra
n
sm
.
Distrib
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
8
-
1
2
0
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
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