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Science
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©
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20
In
stit
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Ali M
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Mu
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Un
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ity
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iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
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s
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ally
f
o
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life
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u
ch
as
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er
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r
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b
o
tics
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m
an
u
f
ac
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i
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g
p
la
n
ts
,
ch
em
ical,
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
,
2
]
,
a
u
to
m
a
ted
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
[
3
,
4
]
,
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
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d
s
p
ac
e
ap
p
licatio
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s
ju
s
t
to
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en
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f
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[
5
-
7
]
.
R
eso
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s
ca
n
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p
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s
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cc
ess
f
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lly
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ea
lize
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eir
task
s
an
d
ta
r
g
ets,
as
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way
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o
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o
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ate
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eir
well
-
b
ein
g
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d
th
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ilit
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to
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o
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[
8
-
14
]
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
an
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tr
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io
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ev
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s
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g
m
an
y
t
y
p
es o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
[
15
,
16
]
.
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co
n
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ca
n
b
e
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ied
in
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two
ty
p
es
[
6
,
7
]
:
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s
tem
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d
clo
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ed
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o
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iti
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ak
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im
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im
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ig
n
als
[
16
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.
I
ts
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ter
is
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ar
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atis
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to
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lt o
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er
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atio
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th
is
s
y
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tem
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to
o
s
lo
w
[
9
,
17
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
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x
am
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les
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o
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ce
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ch
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tilatio
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with
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t
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en
s
o
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ee
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ac
k
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d
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o
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,
s
y
s
tem
o
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tr
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f
ic
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witch
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g
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tin
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u
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tr
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I
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J
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&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
20
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
20
:
1
4
1
9
-
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4
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6
1420
m
ea
s
u
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ed
.
T
h
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s
p
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[
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.
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21
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ater
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
eser
v
o
i
r
to
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
r
eser
v
o
ir
,
au
t
o
p
ilo
t a
n
d
r
o
b
o
ts
[
23
]
.
C
lo
s
ed
cir
cu
it
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
als,
th
en
s
en
d
s
s
ig
n
als
to
th
e
d
ev
ices
u
n
d
er
its
co
n
tr
o
l,
e.
g
.
lig
h
t
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
L
E
D)
,
r
elay
,
etc.
to
r
esp
o
n
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
a
n
au
t
o
m
atic
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
en
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
en
s
es
th
e
lig
h
t
is
d
im
,
it
will
s
en
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
to
th
e
r
elay
th
e
n
th
e
r
elay
will
tu
r
n
o
n
th
e
s
tr
ee
t
lam
p
wh
ich
u
s
es
lar
g
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
[
24
-
27
]
.
A
co
m
p
u
ter
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
d
ata
an
d
th
e
n
en
te
r
th
e
d
ata
t
o
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
m
ak
e
a
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
ty
p
es
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
(
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
p
n
eu
m
atic
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
o
p
tical
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
e
lectr
ical
an
d
lig
h
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
etc.
)
[
28
,
29
]
.
Sen
s
o
r
ca
n
cr
ea
te
elec
tr
ical
s
ig
n
als
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
ex
te
r
n
al
ch
an
g
e.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
t
h
e
lig
h
t
s
en
s
itiv
e
r
esis
to
r
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
it
will
ch
an
g
e
with
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
lig
h
t
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
I
n
p
u
t
s
ig
n
als
will
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
,
an
d
th
en
s
en
d
s
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
als
to
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
n
d
er
its
co
n
tr
o
l,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
L
E
D,
r
elay
,
in
f
r
a
-
r
e
d
p
ass
iv
e
-
r
ed
(
PIR),
an
d
m
o
tio
n
d
etec
to
r
,
etc.
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
with
,
a
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates th
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
b
asic c
lo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
[
1
2
]
Du
r
g
a
[
30
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
jam
tr
af
f
ic.
He
u
s
ed
I
R
s
en
s
o
r
,
en
co
d
er
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
er
I
C
s
an
d
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
m
e
asu
r
in
g
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
d
en
s
ity
.
B
an
er
jee
[
6
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
v
eh
icle
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
ased
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
I
C
5
5
5
tim
e
r
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
au
to
m
atic
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
as
s
witch
.
T
h
ey
u
s
ed
L
DR
,
PIC1
6
1
F8
7
7
A
an
d
PIC1
6
F8
7
7
A
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
[
9
,
31
-
35
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
estab
lis
h
es
an
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
to
o
p
er
ate
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
tin
g
,
co
n
tr
o
l
t
r
af
f
ic
lig
h
ts
,
an
d
o
p
er
ate
g
en
er
ato
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
c
ity
.
T
wo
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
we
r
e
b
u
ilt.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
elay
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
lig
h
t
o
p
er
ati
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
two
m
ix
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
co
m
b
in
ed
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
th
e
o
p
en
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
clo
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
o
f
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
,
an
d
we
ca
lled
it
th
e
s
y
s
tem
Hy
b
r
id
.
All
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
ed
th
e
L
D
R
cir
cu
it
wh
ich
was
n
o
t
ex
ter
n
ally
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
icity
,
n
o
m
atter
wh
eth
er
th
e
s
tr
ee
t'
s
illu
m
in
ates a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
h
yb
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l sys
tem
fo
r
in
ve
s
tig
a
tin
g
a
h
ig
h
leve
l o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
in
…
(
Mo
h
a
n
a
d
A
li Metea
b
A
l
-
Ob
a
id
i
)
1421
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
ci
r
cu
its
ar
e
t
h
at
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it,
s
o
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
in
o
p
en
-
lo
o
p
cir
cu
it
ca
n
n
o
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
it.
An
alter
n
ativ
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
eir
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
two
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
is
ca
lled
h
y
b
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l
clo
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
o
m
e
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
o
p
er
ato
r
’
s
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
to
f
o
r
ce
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
s
as
d
esire
d
.
I
n
s
u
ch
a
ca
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
n
ee
d
s
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
d
ec
is
iv
e
ac
tio
n
to
wo
r
k
co
r
r
ec
tly
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
(
o
r
g
o
al)
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
h
y
b
r
i
d
co
n
t
r
o
l c
lo
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
2
.
1
.
G
ener
a
l dia
g
ra
m
o
f
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
s
y
s
t
em
Au
to
m
ata
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
r
n
city
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
p
ar
ts
;
h
ar
d
war
e
s
u
ch
as:
KI
T
cir
cu
it,
d
i
o
d
e,
r
elay
,
r
esis
to
r
s
,
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
L
E
Ds,
L
DR
,
b
atter
y
,
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t
(
8
d
ata
p
in
s
an
d
Gr
o
u
n
d
p
i
n
s
)
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
(
wh
ic
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
V.
B
6
.
0
)
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
n
th
e
PC
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
u
p
p
lies
p
o
wer
o
f
4
.
5
V
v
ia
th
e
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
tr
an
s
is
to
r
B
C
5
4
6
was
a
d
d
in
g
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
r
elay
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
am
p
e
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ated
th
e
g
en
er
al
d
iag
r
am
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gen
e
r
al
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
2
.
2
.
P
a
ra
llel po
rt
a
nd
circ
uit
Par
allel
p
o
r
t
(
2
5
p
in
s
)
as
Fig
u
r
e
5
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
an
d
th
e
ci
r
cu
i
t
to
s
en
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
as
a
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
e
s
ig
n
al
to
tu
r
r
n
o
n
/o
f
f
th
e
d
ev
i
ce
s
.
A
r
elay
is
a
n
elec
tr
ically
ac
tiv
ated
s
witch
.
I
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
in
ter
n
ally
a
c
o
i
l
wh
ich
will
g
en
er
ate
a
f
ield
o
f
a
m
ag
n
etic
a
n
d
attr
ac
ts
a
m
o
v
ab
le
lev
er
an
d
th
en
ch
an
g
es
s
witch
co
n
tacts
wh
en
a
cu
r
r
en
t
is
f
lo
win
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
it.
T
h
e
ex
em
p
lar
y
u
s
ag
e
o
f
r
ea
lly
s
witch
i
s
to
let
a
lo
w
DC
v
o
lt
ag
e
in
cir
cu
it
o
n
e
to
tu
r
n
o
n
o
r
o
f
f
a
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
(
DC
o
r
AC
)
in
cir
cu
it
two
w
ith
o
u
t
d
ir
ec
t
elec
tr
ical
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
cir
cu
it
o
n
e
an
d
cir
cu
it
two
a
r
e
m
ag
n
etica
lly
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ically
lin
k
ed
b
u
t
n
o
t
elec
tr
ically
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
Nin
e
r
elay
s
1
2
V
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
eig
h
t
o
f
th
em
wer
e
in
s
talled
d
ir
ec
tly
in
th
e
m
ain
cir
cu
it
an
d
Nin
th
r
elay
was
in
s
talled
in
th
e
L
DR
cir
cu
it a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
20
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
20
:
1
4
1
9
-
1
4
2
6
1422
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Par
allel
p
o
r
t w
ith
2
5
p
in
o
u
t
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Ma
in
ci
r
cu
it o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
2
.
3
.
Str
ee
t
lig
hting
w
it
h lig
ht
depend
e
nt
re
s
is
t
o
r
circ
uit
(
L
DR)
T
h
e
lig
h
t
-
b
ased
r
esis
to
r
(
L
DR
)
in
th
is
cir
cu
it
u
s
es
a
lig
h
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
th
at
L
DR
r
esi
s
tan
ce
will
b
e
lo
w
if
th
er
e
is
lig
h
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
So
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
R
2
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
B
C
5
4
(
Q1
)
will
k
ee
p
ON.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
Q1
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
with
tr
an
s
is
to
r
B
C
5
4
7
(
Q2
)
.
So
Q2
will
b
e
s
h
u
t
d
o
wn
an
d
s
o
d
o
th
e
r
elay
.
T
h
e
lam
p
will
r
em
ain
OFF.
I
f
n
ig
h
t
f
alls
,
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
L
DR
will
b
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
to
m
ak
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
r
esis
to
r
(
R
2
)
less
th
an
0
.
6
V.
T
h
is
m
a
k
e
s
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
Q
1
tu
r
n
OFF
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
m
ak
es
Q2
ON.
T
h
e
r
elay
will
b
e
ac
t
iv
ated
an
d
th
e
lam
p
will
b
e
ON.
Ad
ap
tatio
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
W
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
with
r
elay
in
m
ain
b
o
ar
d
in
two
p
h
ases
.
Fig
u
r
es
7
an
d
8
illu
s
tr
ate
L
DR
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
esig
n
ed
with
Pr
o
teu
s
V.
8
Pro
g
r
am
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
d
ia
g
r
am
L
DR
cir
cu
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
h
yb
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l sys
tem
fo
r
in
ve
s
tig
a
tin
g
a
h
ig
h
leve
l o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
in
…
(
Mo
h
a
n
a
d
A
li Metea
b
A
l
-
Ob
a
id
i
)
1423
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
L
DR
cir
c
u
it c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
with
m
ain
cir
cu
it
2
.
4
.
T
ra
f
f
ic
lig
ht
s
t
re
et
s
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
tim
er
f
e
atu
r
e
wh
ich
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
V.
B
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
r
elay
cir
cu
it
to
ac
tiv
ate
s
tr
ee
t
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
ts
.
I
f
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
(
T
1
)
is
tu
r
n
ON
f
o
r
1
8
0
s
ec
.
,
th
en
th
e
o
th
er
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
(
T
2
,
T
3
,
T
4
)
will
tu
r
n
OFF
th
u
s
,
f
o
r
th
e
r
est
o
f
o
th
er
ca
s
es
in
s
u
cc
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
(
PC
)
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
b
e
tu
r
n
e
d
OFF
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
lig
h
t
wh
en
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
tr
ee
t
c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
atten
d
an
ce
is
o
v
er
.
T
h
e
f
lo
wc
h
ar
t in
Fig
u
r
e
9
illu
s
tr
ates a
ll th
e
ca
s
es o
f
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Flo
wch
ar
t sh
o
ws th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
20
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
20
:
1
4
1
9
-
1
4
2
6
1424
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
a
n
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
was
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
tin
g
,
co
n
tr
o
l
t
r
af
f
ic
lig
h
ts
,
an
d
o
p
er
ate
g
en
er
ato
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
c
ity
.
T
wo
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
we
r
e
b
u
ilt.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
elay
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
lig
h
t
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
s
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
o
f
a
d
u
al
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
cir
c
u
it,
wh
ich
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
s
tr
ee
t
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
lig
h
t
in
te
n
s
ity
s
en
s
itiv
ity
th
at
is
u
s
in
g
L
DR
cir
cu
it,
an
d
also
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
'
s
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ato
r
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
e
ac
tu
al
n
ee
d
to
tu
r
n
o
n
th
e
lig
h
t
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
two
m
ix
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
co
m
b
in
ed
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
th
e
o
p
en
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
clo
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
o
f
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
,
an
d
we
ca
lled
it
th
e
s
y
s
tem
Hy
b
r
id
.
All
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
ed
th
e
L
D
R
cir
cu
it
wh
ich
was
n
o
t
ex
ter
n
ally
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
icity
,
n
o
m
atter
wh
eth
er
th
e
s
tr
ee
t'
s
illu
m
in
ates a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es 1
0
an
d
1
1
.
T
h
e
tim
e
len
g
th
b
etwe
en
0
3
:0
0
a.
m
o
’
clo
ck
an
d
th
e
s
u
n
r
is
e
is
lo
n
g
er
in
th
e
win
ter
s
o
if
th
e
d
im
m
in
g
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
war
d
s
to
s
u
n
r
i
s
e,
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
will
n
o
t
b
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
b
e
f
o
r
e.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
s
ce
n
ar
io
a
b
o
v
e
wh
en
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
o
p
er
ated
s
u
ch
as
th
e
tim
e
l
en
g
th
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
n
s
et
to
2
1
:0
0
a’
clo
ck
an
d
with
1
0
0
%
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
b
etwe
en
0
9
:0
0
p
.
m
an
d
1
1
:0
0
p
.
m
o
’
clo
ck
an
d
8
0
%
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
f
r
o
m
0
3
:0
0
to
t
h
e
s
u
n
r
is
e
an
d
7
0
% p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
lev
el,
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
en
er
g
y
s
a
v
in
g
is
2
4
.
1
% d
u
r
i
n
g
a
y
ea
r
.
Fig
u
r
e.
1
0
T
o
tal
C
o
n
s
u
m
ed
an
d
s
av
ed
en
e
r
g
y
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
lev
el
an
d
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
Gen
e
r
ato
r
s
in
tim
e
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
E
lectr
o
n
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
m
an
y
b
en
ef
its
s
u
ch
as
r
ed
u
cin
g
f
in
a
n
cial
an
d
a
d
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
s
p
en
d
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tin
g
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
o
p
e
n
an
d
clo
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
co
m
b
in
ed
t
o
g
eth
er
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
two
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
d
ef
ec
ts
in
s
p
ee
d
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
esu
lts
,
th
u
s
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
h
yb
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l sys
tem
fo
r
in
ve
s
tig
a
tin
g
a
h
ig
h
leve
l o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
in
…
(
Mo
h
a
n
a
d
A
li Metea
b
A
l
-
Ob
a
id
i
)
1425
ca
lled
a
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
au
to
m
atin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
p
er
v
is
in
g
wo
r
k
e
r
s
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
an
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
lo
n
g
p
e
r
io
d
s
o
f
tim
e
an
d
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
(
o
n
d
em
a
n
d
)
b
y
tu
r
n
in
g
o
f
f
all
th
e
cir
cu
its
ass
o
ciate
d
with
i
t.
E
lectr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
its
f
o
r
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
e
d
to
lar
g
e
cities
an
d
lo
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
te
r
n
et
s
y
s
tem
s
to
s
p
ee
d
u
p
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
s
ig
n
als
an
d
s
p
ee
d
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Z.
Z
h
o
u
,
W.
Wu
,
C.
-
C.
Li
n
,
P
.
-
H.
Tsu
i,
a
n
d
S
.
W
u
,
"
An
imp
r
o
v
e
d
fu
z
z
y
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
n
e
ss
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
t
h
re
e
-
d
ime
n
sio
n
a
l
li
v
e
r
v
e
ss
e
l
se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
i
n
CT
ima
g
e
s,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
D.
Ad
u
P
o
k
u
,
"
An
a
l
y
sis a
n
d
De
sig
n
o
f
He
a
t
En
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m
,
"
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
P
.
Alb
e
rt
o
s
a
n
d
S
.
A
n
to
n
io
,
M
u
lt
i
v
a
ria
b
le
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
ms
:
a
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
:
S
p
rin
g
e
r
S
c
ie
n
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
]
A.
Alh
e
g
a
z
i,
Z.
Zak
a
ria,
N.
A.
S
h
a
iri
,
T.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
R.
A.
Ala
h
n
o
m
i
,
a
n
d
A.
I.
Ab
u
-
Kh
a
d
ra
h
,
"
An
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
in
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
m
icro
wa
v
e
se
n
so
r
wi
th
h
i
g
h
Q
-
fa
c
to
r
fo
r
li
q
u
i
d
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
,
"
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
-
1
0
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
B.
Ba
ig
z
a
d
e
h
n
o
e
,
B.
Re
z
a
ie,
a
n
d
Z.
Ra
h
m
a
n
i,
"
F
u
z
z
y
-
m
o
d
e
l
-
b
a
se
d
fa
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
n
o
n
l
in
e
a
r
n
e
t
wo
rk
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
s
with
p
e
ri
o
d
ic
a
c
c
e
ss
c
o
n
stra
in
ts
a
n
d
Be
rn
o
u
ll
i
p
a
c
k
e
t
d
ro
p
o
u
ts,"
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
o
ft
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
p
p
.
4
6
5
-
4
7
4
,
2
0
1
9
/
0
7
/
0
1
/
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
R.
Ba
n
e
rjee
,
"
Clo
se
d
l
o
o
p
traffic
sig
n
a
l
c
o
n
tro
l
ler,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
Pu
b
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,
p
.
2
9
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
B.
Bo
r
o
v
ic,
A.
Li
u
,
D.
P
o
p
a
,
H.
Ca
i,
a
n
d
F
.
Lew
is,
"
Op
e
n
-
l
o
o
p
v
e
rsu
s
c
lo
se
d
-
l
o
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
M
EM
S
d
e
v
ice
s:
c
h
o
ice
s a
n
d
iss
u
e
s,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
icr
o
me
c
h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
M
icr
o
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
p
.
1
9
1
7
,
2
0
0
5
.
[8
]
N.
Bre
d
e
c
h
e
,
E
.
Ha
a
sd
ij
k
,
a
n
d
A.
P
rieto
,
"
Emb
o
d
ied
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
in
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
v
e
ro
b
o
ti
c
s:
a
re
v
iew
,
"
Fr
o
n
ti
e
rs
i
n
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s a
n
d
AI,
v
o
l
.
5
,
p
.
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
M
.
N.
M
.
Ka
h
a
r,
W.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
A.
A.
Yo
o
b
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
n
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
tran
sm
it
p
a
c
k
e
t
c
o
d
in
g
with
tru
st
-
b
a
se
d
re
lay
n
o
d
e
s
in
V
AN
ET
s,"
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
(BE
EI)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
6
8
5
-
6
9
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
M
.
N.
M
.
Ka
h
a
r,
M
.
N.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
W.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
a
n
d
J.
S
u
laim
a
n
,
"
Th
e
V
AN
ET
-
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
Da
ta P
a
c
k
e
t
F
o
rwa
r
d
in
g
Im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t,
"
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
7
4
2
3
-
7
4
2
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
N.
Niz
a
m
,
M
.
Na
fa
a
,
a
n
d
W
.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
"
R
ES
P
:
Re
lay
S
u
it
a
b
il
it
y
-
b
a
se
d
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
fo
r
Vid
e
o
S
trea
m
in
g
in
Ve
h
ic
u
lar
Ad
Ho
c
Ne
two
rk
s,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
s,
Co
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
s
&
Co
n
tro
l,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
Z.
H.
S
a
li
h
,
M
.
A.
B.
Am
e
e
d
e
e
n
,
N.
Ţăp
u
ş,
a
n
d
M
.
N.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
"
HSO:
A
Hy
b
ri
d
S
wa
rm
Op
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
Al
g
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
Re
d
u
c
in
g
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
Cl
o
u
d
lets,"
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
(T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
4
-
2
1
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
Z.
H.
S
a
li
h
,
G
.
T.
Ha
sa
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
"
In
v
e
stig
a
te
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
t
h
e
lev
e
ls
o
f
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
ra
d
iati
o
n
s
e
m
it
ted
fro
m
u
n
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
p
o
we
r
c
a
b
les
e
x
ten
d
e
d
i
n
m
o
d
e
rn
c
it
ies
,
"
in
2
0
1
7
9
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
s a
n
d
Arti
fi
c
ia
l
In
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
(ECA
I)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
Z.
H.
S
a
li
h
,
G
.
T.
Ha
sa
n
,
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
M
.
A.
S
.
Kli
b
,
A.
H.
Ali,
a
n
d
R.
A.
Ib
ra
h
im,
"
S
tu
d
y
t
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
t
h
e
S
o
lar
E
n
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
o
n
S
tab
i
li
ty
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
D
istri
b
u
t
io
n
S
y
ste
m
,
"
i
n
2
0
1
9
2
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(CS
C
S
)
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
-
4
4
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
B.
Ch
in
g
,
M
.
Am
o
o
z
a
d
e
h
,
C
.
-
N.
Ch
u
a
h
,
H.
M
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
D.
G
h
o
sa
l,
"
En
a
b
li
n
g
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
y
sim
u
latio
n
st
u
d
ies
o
f
in
telli
g
e
n
t
traffic
sig
n
a
l
li
g
h
t
c
o
n
tro
l
wi
t
h
VENTOS
-
HIL,
"
Ve
h
icu
l
a
r
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
p
.
1
0
0
2
3
0
,
2
0
2
0
/0
8
/0
1
/
2
0
2
0
.
[1
6
]
E.
El
M
a
n
d
o
u
h
a
n
d
A.
G
.
Was
sa
l,
"
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
h
a
rd
w
a
re
d
e
sig
n
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
fro
m
sim
u
latio
n
trac
e
s,"
in
2
0
1
2
IE
EE
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
7
-
2
3
2
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
7
]
R.
A.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
M
.
-
Y.
C
h
o
w,
"
Ne
two
rk
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
:
Ov
e
r
v
iew
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
tren
d
s,"
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
in
d
u
stria
l
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
2
5
2
7
-
2
5
3
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
Z.
Ha
o
,
R.
Bo
e
l
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Li
,
"
M
o
d
e
l
b
a
se
d
u
r
b
a
n
traffic
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
p
a
rt
II:
Co
o
r
d
in
a
ted
m
o
d
e
l
p
re
d
ict
iv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs,"
T
ra
n
sp
o
rta
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
P
a
rt C:
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
v
o
l.
9
7
,
p
p
.
2
3
-
4
4
,
2
0
1
8
/
1
2
/
0
1
/
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
E.
M
.
E.
Hu
ss
e
in
,
"
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
h
a
rd
wa
re
d
e
sig
n
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s fro
m
sim
u
latio
n
trac
e
s,"
C
U T
h
e
se
s,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
A.
Ib
ra
h
im,
R.
R.
Ale
x
a
n
d
e
r,
M
.
S
.
U
.
S
a
n
g
h
a
r,
a
n
d
R.
D.
D'
S
o
u
z
a
,
"
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m
s
in
Ro
b
o
t
i
c
s:
A
Re
v
iew
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
I
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
J.
Je
o
n
g
,
N.
Kim
,
D.
Ka
rb
o
ws
k
i,
a
n
d
A.
R
o
u
ss
e
a
u
,
"
Im
p
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
M
o
d
e
l
P
re
d
icti
v
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
in
t
o
Cl
o
se
d
-
L
o
o
p
M
icro
-
Traffic
S
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
Au
t
o
m
a
ted
Ve
h
icle
,
"
IFA
C
-
P
a
p
e
rs
On
L
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
1
9
/
0
1
/
0
1
/
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
T.
H.
Lee
,
Q.
Wan
g
,
a
n
d
K.
K.
Tan
,
"
Ro
b
u
st
S
m
it
h
‐p
re
d
i
c
to
r
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
u
n
c
e
rtain
d
e
lay
sy
ste
m
s,"
AICh
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
3
-
1
0
4
0
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
3
]
A.
Lek
b
ir
,
C.
K.
G
a
n
,
M
.
R
.
Ab
G
h
a
n
i,
a
n
d
T.
S
u
t
ik
n
o
,
"
T
h
e
Re
c
o
v
e
ry
o
f
En
e
rg
y
fr
o
m
a
Hy
b
ri
d
S
y
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to
Im
p
ro
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P
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rfo
rm
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P
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v
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l
taic
Ce
ll
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
.
9
5
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
20
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
20
:
1
4
1
9
-
1
4
2
6
1426
[2
4
]
K.
Nie
lse
n
,
M
.
B
.
Nie
lse
n
,
C
.
Og
b
o
n
n
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y
a
,
M
.
Kä
n
sä
lä,
E
.
S
a
a
ri,
a
n
d
K.
Isa
k
ss
o
n
,
"
W
o
rk
p
lac
e
re
so
u
rc
e
s
to
imp
r
o
v
e
b
o
t
h
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
we
ll
-
b
e
in
g
a
n
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
:
A
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
iew
a
n
d
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
ly
sis,"
W
o
rk
&
S
tre
ss
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
2
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
Y.
Wu
,
C
.
S
h
i,
X.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
W.
Ya
n
g
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
n
e
w
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
stre
e
t
li
g
h
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c
o
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tro
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m
,
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in
IEE
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p
p
.
1
4
2
3
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7
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0
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0
.
[2
6
]
B.
Ya
n
g
,
M
.
Li
u
,
H.
Kim
,
a
n
d
X.
Cu
i,
"
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e
n
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e
rg
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r
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ra
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ic t
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le v
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l
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e
,
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o
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o
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.
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[2
7
]
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.
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.
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.
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L
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,
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two
rk
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d
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c
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p
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[2
8
]
A.
H.
Ali,
"
A
S
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Ve
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c
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l
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Ho
rizo
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l
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s,"
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ter
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o
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teg
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ted
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p
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1
3
8
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0
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1
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.
[2
9
]
W.
Li
u
,
"
Co
m
p
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ter
C
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tem
Ap
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tri
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tri
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to
m
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ti
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n
,
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n
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s: M
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ter
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p
.
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4
2
2
0
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
0
]
A.
L.
Du
rg
a
,
"
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o
se
d
Lo
o
p
Traffi
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Li
g
h
t
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m
Us
in
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e
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so
rs,"
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ter
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ien
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Res
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b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
p
.
2
9
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
1
]
M
.
N.
H.
K.
M
.
Ra
th
o
re
a
n
d
C
.
B.
H.
K.
Ch
a
n
n
i
,
"
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o
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li
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d
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imu
latio
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A
u
to
m
a
ti
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tree
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ig
h
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r
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sin
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LDR
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d
M
icro
-
C
o
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tr
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e
r.
"
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ter
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sio
n
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l
J
o
u
rn
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f
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r
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c
ien
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
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a
n
d
De
v
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me
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,
V
o
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5
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o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
7
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7
7
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2
0
1
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.
[3
2
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
I.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
N.
Ţăp
u
ş,
A.
H.
Ali,
a
n
d
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
"
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re
e
n
En
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s:
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,"
in
2
0
1
9
1
8
t
h
Ro
E
d
u
Ne
t
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
:
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two
rk
in
g
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c
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ti
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(Ro
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Ne
t)
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
3
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
M
.
A.
A
h
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d
,
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Tap
u
s,
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.
A.
S
h
a
n
a
n
,
M
.
K.
Kh
a
lee
l
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
F
o
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l
o
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d
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a
lan
c
e
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se
d
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lg
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m
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t
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n
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lo
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ir
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n
m
e
n
t,
"
in
2
0
1
8
1
0
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
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n
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e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
s a
n
d
Arti
fi
c
ia
l
In
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
(ECA
I)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
4
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
A.
A.
Ka
m
il
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
a
n
d
N
.
Tap
u
s,
"
An
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
Co
n
tex
t
S
e
n
siti
v
e
Offl
o
a
d
in
g
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
M
o
b
il
e
Cl
o
u
d
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
u
si
n
g
S
u
p
p
o
rt
Va
lu
e
-
b
a
se
d
C
las
sifica
ti
o
n
,
"
S
c
a
la
b
le
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
:
Pra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
e
rie
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
p
p
.
6
8
7
-
6
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
5
]
N.
Q.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
M
.
S
.
Ah
m
e
d
,
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
O.
A.
H
a
m
m
o
o
d
,
H.
A.
N.
Als
h
a
ra
,
a
n
d
A.
A.
Ka
m
il
,
"
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
An
a
ly
sis
b
e
twe
e
n
S
o
lar
a
n
d
Wi
n
d
T
u
rb
i
n
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
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o
u
rc
e
s
in
Io
T
Ba
se
d
o
n
E
c
o
n
o
m
ica
l
a
n
d
Eff
icie
n
c
y
Co
n
si
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
s,"
i
n
2
0
1
9
2
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(CS
CS
)
,
p
p
.
4
4
8
-
4
5
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.