Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of
El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
8
,
pp.
591
~
594
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
, DO
I: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
3
.
pp
591
-
594
591
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Optimi
zation
o
f
Arithm
etical
Op
erators
f
or
t
he
E
nh
ance
d
Wall
ace Stage
K.
G
ugan
, S.
V.
Sa
r
avana
n
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering
(Mari
n
e),
A
MET
Univer
si
t
y,
Chenn
ai
,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
21
, 201
7
Re
vised
Jan
2
9
, 201
8
Accepte
d
Fe
b
1
7
, 201
8
I
n
the
fi
el
d
of
D
igi
tal
signa
l
proc
essing
(DS
P),
the
re
duc
ti
on
of
so
m
e
logi
cal
el
ements
count
s
is
one
of
the
m
ai
n
conside
ra
tions
.
To
m
ini
m
iz
e
the
area,
computat
ion
al
del
a
y
,
and
po
wer,
th
e
d
igi
t
a
l
form
FIR
fi
l
te
r
is
to
be
implemente
d.
T
he
opti
m
iz
ation
of
the
A
TP
(
Area
,
Ti
m
e
an
d
Pow
er)
is
ac
hi
eve
d
b
y
usin
g
the
eff
i
ci
en
t
m
ult
iplication
and
accum
ula
ti
on
u
nit
(MA
C).
In
thi
s
work,
t
he
dir
ec
t
form
FIR
fil
te
r
with
the
eff
i
ci
en
t
MA
C
unit
is
pre
sente
d
.
At
t
he
in
it
i
al
st
age,
the
hal
f
add
er
s
and
ful
l
add
e
rs
are
to
b
e
m
odi
fie
d
b
y
the
re
duc
ti
on
of
th
e
logica
l
g
at
es.
The
m
odified
h
al
f
and
ful
l
adde
r
are
impl
e
m
ent
ed
in
the
W
al
la
c
e
tree
m
ult
iplier
for
per
form
ing
the
eff
icient
m
ult
ip
l
ic
a
ti
on
proc
ess.
Carr
y
sav
e
ad
der
is
divi
ded
i
nto
the
two
stage
s
to
r
educe
th
e
computa
tional
d
el
a
y
of
a
rit
hm
et
i
ca
l
oper
at
ors.
Th
e
proposed
MA
C
design
is
imple
m
ent
ed
in
th
e
di
re
ct
form
FIR
fi
lt
er
b
y
using
the
HD
L la
ngu
a
ge.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Digital
sig
nal
processi
ng
Finit
e i
m
pu
lse
respo
ns
e
ATP
MAC
Ca
rr
y sa
ve
a
dder
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
K.
G
ug
a
n
,
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering
(Mari
n
e),
AM
ET
Univer
sit
y
,
Chenn
ai
,
India.
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
dem
and
f
or
l
ow
powe
r
Digital
Sig
nal
Processi
ng
(
DS
P
)
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
an
d
high
-
sp
ee
d
m
ulti
-
sta
nd
a
rd
wirel
ess
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
is
quic
kly
grow
i
ng.
The
U
ns
ta
ble
grow
t
h
in
port
able
m
ult
i
m
ed
ia
and
m
ob
il
e
com
pu
ti
ng
a
ppli
cat
ions
has
m
os
tl
y
dep
en
de
d
on
th
e
sig
nal
proce
s
sing
te
ch
nique
[1
]
.
Finit
e
Im
pu
lse
Re
sp
onse
(FIR
)
fi
lt
er
is
one
of
t
he
key
feat
ur
es
of
Si
gn
al
Pr
oc
essin
g
a
pp
ro
ac
h.
FI
R
filt
er
re
quires
t
he
two
factors
know
n
as
low
com
plexity
and
rec
onfig
ur
a
bili
ty
fo
r
low
pow
er
ap
plica
ti
on
s.
T
he
m
ajo
r
fact
or
of
lo
w
com
plexity
dep
en
ds
on
the
a
dd
e
r
a
nd
m
ultip
li
er
str
uctu
res
i
n
filt
er
[
2].
T
o
re
duce
the
c
om
plexit
y
and
del
ay
of
the
com
pu
ta
ti
on
s,
va
rio
us
ty
pe
s
of
ad
de
rs
and
m
ulti
pliers
are
introd
uce
d.
The
seco
nd
m
ajo
r
fact
or
f
or
F
IR
filt
er
is
reconfi
gura
bili
ty
.
The
direct
f
or
m
of
FI
R
filt
er
co
nsum
es
m
or
e
area
and
delay
to
pe
rfo
rm
the
filt
er
op
e
rati
ons
[
3].
The
di
rect
form
FI
R
filt
er
perform
s
the
filt
er
op
erati
on
s
for
fi
xed
ty
pe
of
filt
er
ord
er
only
wh
e
reas
the r
e
config
ur
a
ble
F
IR
filt
er
pe
rform
s
the
filt
er
operati
on
f
or d
yn
a
m
ic
al
l
y
chan
ge
s
the
filt
er
ord
er.
I
n
this
researc
h
work,
t
he
Ru
ssian
Peasant
Mult
ipli
er
is
intro
duce
d
to
reduce
the
area
and
de
la
y
fo
r
com
pu
ta
ti
on
[4]
.
The
hi
gh
-
perf
or
m
ance
ad
de
rs
an
d
m
ulti
pliers
are
esse
ntial
fo
r
redu
ci
ng
ar
ea
an
d
delay
in
reconfi
gura
ble
FI
R
filt
er.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
a
bove
-
m
entione
d
eff
ic
ie
nt
a
dd
e
r
and
m
ulti
plier
are
inc
orp
or
at
e
d
int
o
reconfi
gura
ble
FI
R fil
te
r
t
o
c
oncer
n
l
ow area
and d
el
ay
.
2.
RELATE
D
W
ORKS
In
this
pa
per,
t
he
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
im
plem
entat
ion
of
r
eco
nf
i
gura
ble
FI
R
filt
er
is
pr
ese
nted
.
T
he
direct
f
or
m
FI
R
filt
er
is
use
d
on
ly
for
fix
ed
c
oeffic
ie
nt
filt
er
operati
on
s
w
her
ea
s
the
r
econfig
ur
a
ble
FI
R
filt
er
is
use
d
f
or
bo
t
h
fix
ed
as
well
as
dyna
m
ic
al
l
y
chan
gi
ng
filt
er
coeff
ic
ie
nt
values
[
5].
A
Re
c
onf
igura
ble
FI
R
fi
lt
er
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
591
–
594
592
Trad
e
off
Fil
te
r
Per
form
ance
fo
r
Dynam
ic
Po
we
r
Co
nsum
ption
ha
d
pro
po
se
d
rec
onfi
gurab
le
F
I
R
filt
er
consi
sts
of
Mult
iple
Con
t
ro
l
Si
gn
al
D
eci
sion
W
i
nd
ow
(MCS
D)
te
chn
iq
ue
for
increasi
ng
t
he
filt
er
perform
ance
f
or
d
ynam
ic
power
c
onsu
m
ption.
Stu
dies
a
nd
E
valuati
on
P
erfor
m
ance
of V
edic
M
ulti
plier
us
i
ng
Fast
A
ddress
are
car
ried
out.
In
t
his
pa
pe
r
Ve
dic
Mult
ipli
er
is
desi
gned
by
Urd
hv
a
Tiry
ag
bh
ya
m
(
U
T
)
te
chn
iq
ue.
In
t
his
pap
e
r
de
scribe
d
that
t
he
An
ef
fici
ent
ap
proac
h
f
or
the
rem
ov
al
of
bipolar
im
pu
lse
noise
usi
ng
m
edian
fi
lt
er
[6
]
.
Ve
dic
Mult
ipli
er
is
on
e
of
the
fa
st
an
d
low
powe
r
m
ul
ti
plier
co
m
par
e
d
to
al
l
ano
t
he
r
m
ul
ti
plier.
In
t
his
m
ulti
plier
desig
n,
pe
rform
ance
was
a
na
ly
zed
by
us
i
ng
di
ff
e
ren
t
e
xi
sti
ng
a
dd
e
rs
s
uch
as
Ca
rr
y
L
ooka
he
ad
Adder
(C
LA),
Ca
r
ry
Se
le
ct
Adder
(C
SLA)
a
nd
Par
al
le
l
Pr
efix
A
dd
e
r
(P
P
A).
R
eact
ive
powe
r
op
ti
m
izati
on
us
i
ng
fir
efly
al
go
rithm
is
pr
esente
d
in
this
pap
er
[
7].
A
stud
y
of
Archit
ect
ur
e
’s
for
Lo
w
Power
a
nd
Re
c
onfig
ur
a
ble
FIR
Fil
te
rs
is
carried
out.
T
he
ke
y
req
ui
rem
ent
s
of
F
IR
filt
ers
are
low
c
om
pl
exity
and
rec
onfi
gur
abili
ty
.
In
this
pap
e
r,
lo
w
po
wer
rec
onfi
gur
able
FI
R
filt
er
is
pr
op
os
ed
by
us
ing
C
on
sta
nt
Sh
ift
Me
thod
(CSM
),
P
rog
ram
m
able
Sh
ift
Me
th
od
(PSM
)
a
nd
Com
pu
ta
ti
on
S
har
i
ng
M
ulti
plier
Me
thod
(C
SH
M)
.
The
pe
r
form
ance
of
eac
h
m
eth
od
is
analy
ze
d
an
d
c
om
par
ed
in
this
stu
dy
.
SV
C
cr
eat
ed
Sing
le
I
nput
F
uzzy
Lo
gic Co
ntr
olle
r
S
VC fo
r
sel
f
-
m
otivate
d
pre
sentat
ion au
gme
ntati
on
of P
ower
Syste
m
s
.
3.
MINIMIZ
ED
HALF
A
ND F
ULL A
D
DER ST
AGE
FO
R DIGIT
AL FI
R
FILT
ER
In
Mult
ipli
er
and
a
dder
uni
t,
the
half
ad
der
a
nd
fu
ll
add
e
r
is
one
of
the
necessit
y
sta
ges
for
perform
ing
the
arit
h
m
et
ic
al
op
erati
ons.
T
he
reducti
on
of
th
e
half
and
f
ull
add
e
r
is
us
ed
to
reduce
the
lo
gical
el
e
m
ents
counts
as
well
as
th
e
com
pu
ta
ti
onal
delay
of
t
he
arit
hm
etical
operator
sta
ge.
A
log
ic
al
bl
ock
of
t
he
m
ini
m
iz
ed
hal
f
a
nd
the
f
ull
add
e
r
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
1
a
nd
Fi
g
ure
2.
T
he
reduce
d
hal
f
a
dd
e
r
pe
rform
s
the
sam
e
add
it
ion
s
li
ke
tradit
iona
l
half
adder
s
ta
ge
with
the
reducti
on
of
the
one
lo
gical
AND
g
at
e
an
d
one
inv
e
rter
sta
ge.
In
Fig
ure
2,
th
e
op
ti
m
iz
ed
ful
l
add
er
pe
rform
s
the
sa
m
e
t
hr
ee
-
bit
ad
diti
on
s
li
ke
co
nve
ntion
al
fu
ll
a
dd
e
r
with
the
op
ti
m
iz
ati
on
of
t
he
lo
gic
al
OR
gate
an
d
lo
gical
AND
gate.
The
se
optim
iz
ed
ad
ders
are
us
e
d
to
im
plem
ent
the
seve
r
al
m
ulti
pliers
and
ad
ders
sta
ges
to
achie
ve
the
ef
fici
ent
a
rea,
delay
,
an
d
powe
r.
By
u
sin
g
the
De
m
or
ga
n’s the
or
em
, th
e a
dd
e
r
sta
ge
s ar
e
opt
i
m
iz
ed.
Figure
1.
O
ptim
iz
ed
half
a
dd
er s
ta
ge
Figure
2
.
O
ptim
iz
ed
fu
ll
a
dder s
ta
ge
4.
MA
T
HEM
AT
ICA
L
E
X
P
R
ESSIO
N
FO
R
THE
OP
TIMIZ
ED
HALF
A
ND
FULL
ADD
ER
STAGE
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
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c Eng &
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IS
S
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02
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4752
Op
ti
miz
atio
n
o
f Ari
thmetic
al
Op
er
at
or
s f
or
t
he
E
nhance
d Wall
ace
Stage
(
K. G
ug
an
)
593
5.
PROP
OSE
D
WALLA
CE
TREE
MU
LT
IPLIE
R
WIT
H
THE
OPTIMIZ
ED
HAL
F
AND
FU
LL
ADDER
To
pro
vid
e
the
eff
ic
ie
nt
m
ultip
li
cat
ion
s
with
the
m
ini
m
u
m
num
ber
of
l
ogic
al
el
em
ents
co
unts,
t
he
op
ti
m
iz
ed
half
and
the
fu
ll
add
e
r
is
us
e
d
to
per
f
orm
the
arit
hm
etical
op
erati
on
s
.
The
propose
d
W
al
la
c
e
tree
m
ul
ti
plier
sta
ge
is
fu
rthe
r
us
e
d
for
the
di
gital
FI
R
filt
er.
Pr
opos
e
d
MAC
un
it
is
gen
e
rati
ng
the
ef
fici
en
t
ATP
pro
du
ct
c
om
par
e tha
n
t
he
tra
di
ti
on
al
m
et
ho
d.
Figure
3.
W
al
l
ace t
ree m
ulti
plier stru
ct
ur
e
Ta
ble 1
.
Sy
nth
esi
s Res
ults
for
t
he
tra
diti
onal
and
pro
pos
ed
sta
ges
6.
E
X
PERI
MEN
TAL RES
UL
TS A
ND AN
A
LYSIS
Figure
4
.
G
raphical
Repre
sen
ta
ti
on
of t
he
sy
nth
esi
s
res
ults
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
591
–
594
594
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this wor
k,
th
e
op
ti
m
iz
ed
half
and
f
ull
ad
de
r
base
d
re
duce
d
W
al
la
ce
tree m
ul
ti
plier
is
i
m
ple
m
ented
by
us
in
g
Ve
rilog
Hardw
a
re
Descr
i
ption
La
ngua
ge
(
HD
L
)
.
The
sim
ulatio
n
of
th
e
pro
posed
w
ork
is
ev
al
uated
by
us
i
ng
Mo
de
lsim
XE
an
d
al
so
the
desi
gn
is
synthe
si
zed
by
us
in
g
Xili
nx
ISE.
En
ha
nc
ed
a
dd
e
rs
sta
ges
a
re
highly
us
ed
t
o
reduce
the
num
ber
of
lo
gi
cal
el
e
m
ents
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