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c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
i
q
ue
[6]
.
F
-
e
xpa
n
s
i
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
[7]
.
S
i
n
e
-
c
o
s
i
n
e
t
e
c
hn
i
que
[8].
a
n
d
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t
h
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r
num
e
r
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c
a
l
m
e
t
h
o
ds
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a
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f
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pp
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c
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l
l
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d
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o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
a
nd
a
w
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de
ra
n
ge
o
f
di
f
fe
r
e
nt
i
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
y
a
r
e
a
l
s
o
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
t
o
h
a
v
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a
s
i
g
n
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f
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c
a
n
t
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
o
v
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r
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
m
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t
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ds
s
uc
h
a
s
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o
m
ot
o
p
y
t
e
c
h
ni
que
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
a
i
m
o
f
us
i
n
g
t
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n
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w
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a
t
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v
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m
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t
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d
p
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s
e
d
by
J
a
f
a
r
i
a
n
d
D
a
f
t
a
r
d
a
r
[9
-
11]
,
a
nd
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
m
o
di
f
e
d
by
H
a
m
e
da
[12
-
1
4],
t
o
r
e
s
o
l
ve
t
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
a
n
d
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d
i
n
a
r
y
l
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n
e
a
r
a
n
d
n
o
nl
i
n
e
a
r
di
f
f
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r
e
n
t
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a
l
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qua
t
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o
n
s
,
a
n
d
gi
v
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h
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m
po
r
t
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n
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qua
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s
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n
d
t
h
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r
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ppl
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c
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o
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v
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ri
o
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pra
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ppl
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t
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t
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m
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h
o
d
[15
-
20
].
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w
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t
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v
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m
e
t
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c
h
ni
que
i
s
unp
r
e
t
e
nt
i
o
us
t
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gra
s
p
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n
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v
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n
ks
a
n
d
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y
s
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of
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i
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s
[21].
T
h
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n
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w
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t
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r
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t
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v
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m
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t
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d
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r
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,
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n
c
l
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a
l
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b
ra
i
c
a
n
d
i
n
t
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g
ra
l
a
n
d
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rt
i
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l
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f
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s
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o
r
di
na
r
y
di
f
fe
r
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n
t
i
a
l
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qu
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
f
ra
c
t
i
o
na
l
a
n
d
c
o
rr
e
c
t
ra
n
ks
a
nd
e
qu
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[21].
T
h
e
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
i
m
a
i
z
t
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o
n
P
S
O
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ri
t
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l
y
kn
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w
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t
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o
pt
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n.
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h
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o
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t
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m
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t
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c
t
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n
d
us
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s
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c
a
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a
c
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pa
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d
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a
ra
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by
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p
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d,
l
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c
o
s
t
a
n
d
a
c
c
ur
a
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y
[22
-
24].
T
h
e
ps
o
a
l
go
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i
t
hm
i
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s
ui
t
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l
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m
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v
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27],
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:
1.
i
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t
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.
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a
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4.
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(N
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s
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2.
N
EW
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TER
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(N
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n:
k
(
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o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
b
o
r
de
r,
w
e
a
r
e
a
s
s
u
m
i
ng
t
h
a
t
u
i
n
(2
)
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
ha
i
n
f
o
r
m
:
k
(
y
)
=
∑
k
i
(
y
)
∞
i
=
0
(3)
T
h
a
t
i
s
:
C
(
∑
k
i
(
y
)
∞
i
=
0
=
C
(
k
0
(
y
)
+
∑
{
C
(
∑
k
j
(
y
)
i
j
=
0
)
−
∑
k
j
i
−
1
j
=
0
(
y
)
}
∞
i
=
0
(4)
T
h
e
n
o
nl
i
n
e
a
r
b
o
r
de
r
c
a
n
b
e
de
c
o
m
po
s
e
d
a
s
:
C
(
∑
k
i
(
y
)
∞
i
=
0
=
f
+
C
(
k
0
(
y
)
+
∑
{
C
(
∑
k
j
(
y
)
i
j
=
0
)
−
∑
k
j
i
−
1
j
=
0
(
y
)
}
∞
i
=
0
(5)
by
ut
i
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
(4
)
a
n
d
(5)
i
n
(2)
:
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
)
k
2
(
y
,
t
)
=
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
−
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
)
)
(6)
k
3
(
y
,
t
)
=
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
2
(
y
,
t
)
−
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
)
)
(7)
k
n
+
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
+
⋯
+
k
n
(
y
,
t
)
−
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
⋯
+
k
n
−
1
(
y
,
t
)
)
)
;
n
=
1
,
2
,
3
(8)
W
e
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
xt
m
e
t
h
o
d:
∑
k
i
(
y
)
∞
i
=
0
=
f
+
C
(
∑
k
j
∞
j
=
0
(
y
)
(9)
T
h
e
n
-
t
e
rm
s
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
o
f
(1)
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
k
≈
k
0
+
k
1
+
k
2
+
k
3
+
⋯
⋯
+
k
n
−
1
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ge
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
[
19].
3.
A
P
P
LI
C
A
TI
O
N
I
TO
C
O
U
P
LED
S
Y
S
TE
M
:
In
t
hi
s
pa
r
t
i
t
i
o
n,
w
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
fo
r
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
k
(y
,
t
),
Q
(
y
,
t
),
R
(y
,
t
)
a
n
d
S
(
y
,
t
)
t
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
di
t
i
o
n
s
[4]
w
h
i
c
h
s
ui
t
a
b
l
e
(1)
:
{
k
(
y
,
0
)
=
r
1
−
2
μ
2
t
a
n
h
2
(
μ
x
)
Q
(
y
,
0
)
=
r
2
+
b
2
t
a
n
h
2
(
μ
x
)
R
(
y
,
0
)
=
r
3
+
f
1
t
a
n
h
(
μ
x
)
S
(
y
,
0
)
=
t
0
+
t
1
t
a
n
h
(
μ
x
)
}
(10)
N
O
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
T
he
b
e
s
t
par
am
e
t
e
r
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on
us
i
n
g
ps
o
a
l
gor
i
t
hm
t
o
s
o
l
v
i
ng
f
or
i
t
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
by
n
e
w
…
(
Kar
am
A
de
l
A
b
e
d
)
1641
w
e
b
ui
l
d
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
w
c
o
upl
e
d
i
t
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
(1)
w
hi
c
h
s
a
t
i
s
fy
:
{
C
(
k
,
Q
,
R
,
S
)
=
∂
Q
∂
x
B
(
k
,
Q
,
R
,
S
)
=
−
2
∂
3
Q
∂
x
3
−
6
(
kq
)
x
−
6
(
RS
)
x
L
(
k
,
Q
,
R
,
S
)
=
∂
3
R
∂
x
3
+
3k
R
x
Y
(
k
,
Q
,
R
,
S
)
=
∂
3
p
∂
x
3
+
3k
S
x
}
(11)
T
hr
o
ug
h
t
h
e
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
It
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
e
ge
t
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
ow
i
ng:
{
k
(
y
,
t
)
=
∫
C
(
k
(
y
,
t
)
,
Q
(
y
,
t
)
,
R
(
y
,
t
)
,
S
(
y
,
t
)
)
dt
=
∫
(
∂
Q
∂
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
q
(
x
,
t
)
=
∫
B
(
k
(
y
,
t
)
,
q
(
y
,
t
)
,
R
(
y
,
t
)
,
S
(
y
,
t
)
)
dt
=
∫
(
−
2
∂
3
Q
∂
x
3
−
6
(
kQ
)
x
−
6
(
RS
)
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
w
(
x
,
t
)
=
∫
L
(
k
(
y
,
t
)
,
Q
(
y
,
t
)
,
R
(
y
,
t
)
,
S
(
y
,
t
)
)
dt
=
∫
(
∂
3
R
∂
x
3
+
3k
R
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
S
(
x
,
t
)
=
∫
K
(
k
(
y
,
t
)
,
v
(
y
,
t
)
,
R
(
y
,
t
)
,
S
(
y
,
t
)
)
dt
=
∫
(
∂
3
S
∂
x
3
+
3k
S
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
}
(12)
U
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
ni
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
g
i
v
e
n
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
:
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
∫
N
(
k
0
,
Q
,
R
0
,
S
0
)
dt
=
∫
(
∂
Q
∂
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
i
nt
e
g
r
a
l
e
qu
a
t
i
o
n
w
e
ob
t
a
i
n:
k
1
(
x
,
t
)
=
0
.
5
s
i
n
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
t
c
o
s
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
3
N
ow
,
Q
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
∫
M
(
k
0
,
Q
0
,
R
0
,
S
0
)
dt
=
∫
(
−
2
∂
3
Q
∂
x
3
−
6
(
kQ
)
x
−
6
(
RS
)
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
Q
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
1
c
o
s
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
6
(
0
.
5
si
n
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
⋯
⋯
+
3
∗
si
n
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
t
A
l
s
o
,
R
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
∫
L
(
k
0
,
Q
0
,
R
0
,
S
0
)
dt
=
∫
(
∂
3
R
∂
x
3
+
3k
R
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
R
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
−
0
.
5
t
c
o
s
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
2
A
n
d
f
i
n
a
l
l
y
:
S
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
∫
K
(
k
0
,
Q
,
R
0
,
S
0
)
dt
=
∫
(
∂
3
S
∂
x
3
+
3k
S
x
)
dt
t
0
t
0
S
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
−
0
.
5
t
c
o
s
h
(
0
.
5
x
)
2
(
13
)
t
h
e
r
e
pe
t
i
t
i
o
n
r
a
p
po
r
t
(6)
f
r
o
m
i
nt
e
gra
l
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
(1)
i
s
:
k
2
(
y
,
t
)
=
∫
(
C
(
k
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
,
Q
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
Q
1
(
y
,
t
)
,
R
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
R
1
(
y
,
t
)
,
S
0
(
y
,
t
)
+
S
1
(
y
,
t
)
)
)
dt
t
0
T
h
e
n,
k
1
(
y
,
t
)
=
−
45
2
3
6
5
8
4
96
∗
1
c
o
s
h
(
x
+
10
)
15
⋯
+
c
o
sh
(
x
+
10
)
4
√
209
si
n
h
(
x
+
10
)
1
(14)
S
uc
h
t
h
a
t
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
18
,
N
o
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
0
:
1
6
3
8
-
1
6
4
5
1642
k
2
(
y
,
t
)
=
∑
k
i
(
x
,
t
)
=
k
1
(
x
,
t
)
+
k
2
(
x
,
t
)
+
k
3
(
x
,
t
)
+
⋯
⋯
+
k
n
+
1
(
x
,
t
)
n
+
1
i
=
0
(15)
A
n
d
f
i
n
a
l
l
y
:
k
3
(
y
,
t
)
=
15
3
91
8
0
∗
1
c
o
s
h
(
x
+
10
)
15
⋯
+
c
o
sh
(
x
+
10
)
20
√
209
t
∗
si
n
h
(
x
+
10
)
(
16
)
T
h
e
n,
k
(
y
,
t
)
=
5
3
91
8
0
∗
1
c
o
s
h
(
x
+
10
)
31
⋯
⋯
+
t
∗
si
n
h
(
x
+
10
)
39180
…
c
o
sh
(
x
+
10
)
31
(17)
W
e
w
i
l
l
f
o
l
l
ow
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
t
e
ps
a
b
ov
e
t
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
e
rm
(1
):
Q
(
y
,
t
)
=
1
7680
∗
1
c
o
s
h
(
8
x
)
20
(
1185
c
o
sh
(
8
x
)
20
−
⋯
⋯
)
−
4114
t
4
∗
si
n
h
(
8
x
)
c
o
sh
(
8
x
)
5
)
(18)
R
(
y
,
t
)
=
1
24
∗
1
c
o
s
h
(
8
x
)
14
(
−
30
t
4
si
n
h
(
8
x
)
c
o
sh
(
8
x
)
11
+
⋯
⋯
+
120
∗
si
n
h
(
8
x
)
c
o
sh
(
8
x
)
13
(19)
S
(
y
,
t
)
=
1
30
∗
1
c
o
s
h
(
8
x
)
14
(
−
30
t
2
si
n
h
(
8
x
)
c
o
sh
(
8
x
)
11
+
⋯
⋯
+
120
∗
si
n
h
(
8
x
)
c
o
sh
(
8
x
)
13
(20)
T
a
b
l
e
s
1
,
2
a
nd
F
i
gu
r
e
s
2
till
5
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
h
ow
t
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
of
n
um
e
ri
c
a
l
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
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n
e
w
i
t
e
ra
t
i
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
S
O
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
w
i
t
h
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
pa
c
e
(x)
a
nd
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
(t
)
t
h
e
m
.
4.
T
H
E
P
R
O
P
O
S
ED
TEC
H
N
I
Q
U
E
(N
I
M
-
P
S
O
)
T
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
pt
of
t
h
e
pr
o
po
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
ni
que
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
f
i
n
di
n
g
t
h
e
o
pt
i
m
a
l
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
r
s
o
f
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
It
o
c
o
upl
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
pa
rt
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
i
m
a
i
z
t
i
o
n
P
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O
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
e
w
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e
r
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e
t
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IM
.
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h
e
r
e
s
ul
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o
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our
of
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ar
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h
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c
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l
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ont
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y
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m
s
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o
l
.
11
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o
.
3,
20
19
.
[
15]
AL
-
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z
z
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w
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.
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h
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l
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ndr
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a
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ng
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ne
e
r
i
ng
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our
nal
.
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8;
57
(
4
)
:
3493
-
350
0.
[
16]
A
z
i
z
M
.
M
.
,
A
L
-
A
z
z
a
w
i
S
.
F
.
,
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nt
i
-
s
y
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nl
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a
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a
no
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s
m
e
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ho
d
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,
O
p
t
i
k
.
2017;
134:
109
-
12
0.
[
17]
AL
-
A
z
z
a
w
i
S
.
F
.
a
nd
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z
i
z
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.
M
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i
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l
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c
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n
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e
l
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om
n
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k
a
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e
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m
uni
c
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t
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on,
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om
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ut
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l
e
c
t
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ni
c
s
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nd
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on
t
r
ol
)
.
20
19;
1
7(
4
)
:
1931
-
1940.
[
18]
Al
-
O
be
i
di
.
A
.
S
.
A
L
-
A
z
z
a
w
i
.
S
.
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.
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r
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t
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y
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m
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ndo
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s
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an
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our
nal
o
f
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l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
and
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om
p
ut
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
.
201
9;
16(
2
)
:
692
-
700.
[
19]
E
.
H
.
D
o
ha
,
A
.
H
.
B
hr
a
w
y
,
a
nd
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.
S
.
E
z
z
-
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l
di
e
n,
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ne
w
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a
c
o
bi
o
pe
r
a
t
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o
na
l
m
a
t
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x:
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n
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t
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o
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l
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na
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l
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o
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p
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d
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a
t
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at
i
c
a
l
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o
de
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l
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ng
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v
o
l
.
36
,
no
.
10
,
p
p.
4
931
-
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20
12.
[
20]
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ha
z
a
nf
a
r
i
,
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.
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.
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ha
z
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nf
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r
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n
d
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.
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u
l
a
dv
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nd,
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o
di
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c
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o
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o
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pe
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ur
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t
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ne
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o
ns
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he
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our
na
l
of
M
a
t
he
m
at
i
c
s
and
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
212
-
224
,
201
1.
[
21]
S
hi
v
a
j
i
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
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o
l
ha
pur
,
V
a
r
s
ha
G
e
j
j
i
,
"
N
e
w
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
v
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m
e
t
ho
d:
A
ppl
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c
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t
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o
n
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o
pa
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a
l
di
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f
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a
l
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qu
a
t
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o
ns
"
,
A
ppl
i
e
d
M
a
t
he
m
at
i
c
s
an
d
C
om
pu
t
at
i
o
n
,
pp
.
778
-
78
3,
20
08
.
[
22]
M
o
ha
m
m
e
d
R
a
s
h
e
e
d
,
R
o
s
l
i
O
m
a
r
,
M
a
r
i
z
a
n
S
u
l
a
i
m
a
n
,
W
a
hi
d
a
h
A
bd
H
a
l
i
m
,
"
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a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
i
m
i
s
a
t
i
o
n
(
P
S
O
)
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
w
i
t
h
r
e
d
uc
e
d
n
um
be
r
o
f
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
i
n
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
(
M
L
I
)
"
,
I
ndone
s
i
an
J
ou
r
na
l
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
and
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om
pu
t
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
V
o
l
.
1
4,
N
o
.
3,
J
u
ne
2019
,
pp.
1
114
-
112
4.
[
23]
M
o
ha
m
m
e
d
A
m
i
ne
M
e
z
i
a
ne
,
Y
o
us
s
e
f
M
o
ul
o
udi
,
B
o
us
m
a
ha
B
o
uc
hi
ba
,
a
bd
e
l
l
a
h
L
a
o
uf
i
,
"
I
m
pa
c
t
o
f
i
ne
r
t
i
a
w
e
i
g
ht
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
i
n
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
s
o
l
v
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ng
e
c
o
nom
i
c
di
s
p
a
t
c
h
p
r
o
bl
e
m
"
,
I
ndo
ne
s
i
a
n
J
ou
r
na
l
o
f
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l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
C
om
pu
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
V
o
l
.
1
3
,
N
o
.
1,
J
a
nu
a
r
y
2019
,
pp.
3
77
-
383
.
[
24]
D
e
e
pt
i
B
a
l
a
M
i
s
hr
a
,
A
r
up
A
bh
i
nn
a
A
c
ha
r
y
a
,
R
a
j
a
s
h
r
e
e
M
i
s
hr
a
,
"
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v
o
l
ut
i
o
na
r
y
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
f
o
r
pa
t
h
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
t
e
s
t
da
t
a
g
e
ne
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
o
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
"
,
I
nd
one
s
i
a
n
J
ou
r
na
l
o
f
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l
e
c
t
r
i
c
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l
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ng
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ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
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om
pu
t
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
V
o
l
.
15
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
u
l
y
2019,
pp
.
504
-
510
.
[
25]
S
a
t
y
o
br
o
t
o
T
a
l
ukde
r
,
"
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
M
o
de
l
l
i
ng
a
nd
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
o
f
P
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
S
w
a
r
m
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n"
,
M
as
t
e
r
T
he
s
i
s
,
20
11
.
[
26]
Al
-
O
be
i
di
.
A
.
S
.
A
L
-
A
z
z
a
w
i
.
S
.
F
.
“
C
h
a
o
s
s
y
nc
hr
o
ni
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
6
-
D
hy
pe
r
c
ha
o
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
s
e
l
f
-
e
xc
i
t
e
d
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
o
r
”
.
T
e
l
k
om
ni
k
a
(
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
un
i
c
at
i
on
,
C
o
m
pu
t
i
ng,
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
a
nd
C
on
t
r
o
l
,
A
c
c
e
pt
o
n
201
9
-
10
-
22
.
[
27]
AL
-
A
z
z
a
w
i
S
.
F
.
,
“
S
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
a
nd
B
i
f
ur
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
P
a
n
C
ha
o
t
i
c
S
y
s
t
e
m
b
y
U
s
i
ng
R
o
ut
h
-
H
ur
w
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t
z
a
n
d
G
a
r
da
n
m
e
t
ho
d
”
.
A
ppl
i
e
d
M
a
t
he
m
at
i
c
s
an
d
C
om
pu
t
at
i
o
n
.
20
12;
2
19(
3)
:
1144
-
11
52.
[
28]
D
o
ng
s
hu
W
a
ng
,
D
a
pe
i
T
a
n
,
L
e
i
L
i
u
,
"
P
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
:
a
n
ov
e
r
v
i
e
w
"
,
S
p
r
i
nge
r
22
,
pp.
38
7
-
408
,
2
018
.
[
29]
Al
-
T
ha
noo
n,
N
.
A
.
,
Q
a
s
i
m
,
O
.
S
.
,
A
l
g
a
m
a
l
,
Z
.
Y
.
,
2018
.
“
T
uni
ng
pa
r
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m
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t
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s
t
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a
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c
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nc
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”
.
C
om
p
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r
s
I
n
B
i
o
l
og
y
and
M
e
di
c
i
ne
,
1
03
,
2
62
-
268
.
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