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[
1
2
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P
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ip
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in
[
1
3
]
ap
p
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m
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th
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in
[
1
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ap
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I
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[
1
5
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,
th
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ap
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Kir
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[
1
6
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ap
p
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to
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ase
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2.
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[
1
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Fig
u
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Fig
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T
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[
(
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3
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3.
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3
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1
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T
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(
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(
1
1
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I
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x
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s
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[
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3
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3
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[
1
9
]
:
(
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(
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∫
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(
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(
1
3
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W
h
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th
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Co
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2
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I
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I
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u
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er
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9
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.
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1
6
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(
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(
1
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t r
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18)
4.
T
H
E
AN
T
L
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P
T
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M
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AT
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N
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M
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ti
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AL
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2
0
1
5
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2
2
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f
o
r
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e
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y
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ti
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izat
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lem
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n
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g
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.
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h
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alg
o
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ith
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ased
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ec
h
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n
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o
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h
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its
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al
g
o
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ith
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,
it
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n
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o
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ti
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l
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o
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m
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iz
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g
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e
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j
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n
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n
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O
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o
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ith
m
f
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ai
n
s
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s
o
f
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n
ti
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g
p
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as
th
e
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d
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m
w
al
k
o
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ts
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ap
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in
g
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an
tlio
n
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ap
s
,
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u
ild
in
g
tr
a
p
s
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s
lid
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ts
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g
ain
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t
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ar
d
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tlio
n
,
C
a
tch
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g
p
r
ey
s
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d
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u
ild
in
g
tr
ap
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ar
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i
m
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le
m
en
ted
.
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h
e
AL
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al
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h
m
m
i
m
ics
t
h
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h
u
n
ti
n
g
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eh
a
v
io
r
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f
a
n
t
l
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s
,
i.e
.
,
t
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
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et
w
ee
n
p
r
ed
ato
r
(
an
t lio
n
s
)
a
n
d
p
r
ey
(
a
n
t)
.
I
n
t
h
is
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
t
h
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
m
at
h
e
m
ati
ca
ll
y
o
f
i
s
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
w
a
lk
s
o
f
a
n
ts
f
o
r
d
etec
ts
t
h
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lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
o
o
d
is
d
escr
ib
es i
n
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
9
)
.
(
)
,
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
-
(
1
9
)
w
h
er
e
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t)
i
s
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
w
a
l
k
s
o
f
a
n
t
s
,
n
is
t
h
e
m
ax
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i
ter
atio
n
s
,
t
is
th
e
s
tep
o
f
r
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o
m
w
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k
,
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n
d
r
(
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is
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
d
ef
i
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ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
{
(
2
0
)
w
h
er
e,
r
an
d
is
a
r
an
d
o
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y
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e
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ated
n
u
m
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er
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n
i
f
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m
l
y
d
is
tr
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ted
in
t
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f
[
0
,
1
]
.
T
h
e
Deta
ils
o
f
d
if
f
er
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n
t
s
tep
s
o
f
AL
O
al
g
o
r
ith
m
d
e
s
cr
ib
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
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ed
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r
s
(
an
t
lio
n
s
)
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d
p
r
ey
(
an
t)
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
a
s
.
4
.
1
.
Ra
nd
o
m
w
a
l
k
o
f
a
nts
I
n
ev
er
y
s
tep
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
,
an
ts
u
p
d
ate
th
eir
p
o
s
itio
n
s
w
i
th
r
an
d
o
m
w
al
k
a
n
d
R
an
d
o
m
w
al
k
s
ar
e
all
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
E
q
u
a
tio
n
(
2
1
)
,
all
th
e
p
o
s
i
tio
n
s
o
f
a
n
t
s
ar
e
in
s
id
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th
e
b
o
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n
d
ar
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o
f
t
h
e
s
ea
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ch
s
p
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s
i
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ce
ev
er
y
s
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c
h
s
p
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h
a
s
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b
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u
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d
ar
y
,
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
w
al
k
s
o
f
an
t
s
is
n
o
r
m
alize
d
b
y
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s
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
2
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Op
tima
l P
o
w
er F
lo
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S
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lu
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r
W
i
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d
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a
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629
w
h
er
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th
e
ar
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
w
a
lk
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
o
f
v
ar
iab
le.
;
: a
r
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
i
n
d
icate
d
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
v
ar
iab
les at
iter
atio
n
.
4
.
2
.
T
ra
pp
ing
in a
ntlio
ns
t
ra
ps
T
h
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
an
t
lio
n
s
tr
ap
s
o
n
r
an
d
o
m
w
alk
s
o
f
a
n
ts
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w
:
(
2
2
)
(
2
3
)
4
.
3
.
B
uil
din
g
t
ra
ps
Du
r
in
g
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
,
T
h
e
AL
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
u
s
e
a
r
o
u
lette
w
h
ee
l
o
p
er
ato
r
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
an
tlio
n
s
b
ased
o
f
th
e
ir
f
it
n
es
s
f
o
r
g
i
v
e
a
h
i
g
h
c
h
an
ce
f
o
r
ca
tch
in
g
a
n
ts
.
4
.
4
.
Sli
din
g
a
nts a
g
a
ins
t
t
o
wa
rd
a
ntlio
n
W
ith
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
f
ar
,
an
tlio
n
s
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
to
b
u
ild
tr
ap
s
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
eir
f
it
n
es
s
an
d
an
ts
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
o
v
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
n
ea
r
o
f
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
p
it.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
o
n
ce
an
tlio
n
s
r
ea
lize
th
at
an
an
t
i
s
in
t
h
e
tr
ap
,
th
e
y
s
h
o
o
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
u
t
w
ar
d
s
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
e
p
it.
T
h
is
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
m
at
h
e
m
atica
ll
y
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
eled
as
f
o
llo
w
:
(
2
4
)
(
2
5
)
4
.
5
.
Ca
t
ching
prey
s
a
nd
re
b
uil
di
ng
t
he
t
ra
ps
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tep
o
f
h
u
n
ti
n
g
is
wh
en
a
n
an
t
r
ea
ch
e
s
in
t
h
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
th
e
an
tlio
n
p
it
an
d
is
ca
u
g
h
t
i
n
th
e
an
tlio
n
’
s
j
a
w
.
A
f
ter
th
i
s
s
tep
,
th
e
p
r
ed
ato
r
p
u
lls
th
e
an
t
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
s
a
n
d
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
es
its
b
o
d
y
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
an
tlio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
u
p
d
ate
its
p
o
s
itio
n
to
th
e
latest
p
o
s
it
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
u
n
ted
a
n
t
to
en
h
an
ce
it
s
c
h
a
n
ce
o
f
ca
tch
i
n
g
n
e
w
p
r
e
y
.
C
atc
h
i
n
g
p
r
ey
a
n
d
r
e
-
b
u
i
ld
in
g
th
e
p
it
s
ca
l
cu
lated
as g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
)
(
)
(
2
6
)
w
h
er
e
is
j
th
th
e
p
o
s
it
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
an
tlio
n
an
d
an
t a
t iter
atio
n
.
4
.
6
.
E
litis
m
E
liti
s
m
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
o
f
all
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
E
liti
s
m
o
f
an
t
lio
n
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
u
l
ette
w
h
ee
l.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
b
est
s
o
l
u
tio
n
(
s
)
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
AL
O
alg
o
r
it
h
m
at
an
y
iter
at
io
n
is
s
av
ed
as e
lite.
T
h
e
elitis
m
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
m
at
h
e
m
atica
ll
y
d
escr
ib
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
2
7
)
W
h
er
e
A
i
s
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
w
alk
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
a
n
tlio
n
an
d
i
s
s
elec
ted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
u
lette
w
h
ee
l
at
tth
i
ter
atio
n
,
E
is
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
w
a
lk
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
elite
at
tt
h
iter
atio
n
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
v
er
i
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
AL
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
p
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]
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[8
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2
0
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[9
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1
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[1
3
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5
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6
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[1
7
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Be
e
rten
,
J.,
Co
le,
S
.
,
Be
lm
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n
s,
R
.
"
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2
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–
8
2
9
.
[1
8
]
J.
Be
e
rten
.
M
A
TA
CDC U
se
r’s M
a
n
u
a
l.
[
On
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]
.
A
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:/
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2
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.
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9
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He
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Yu
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0
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L
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h
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C.
W
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Ya
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1
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R.
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98.
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