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n
r
es
p
ect
o
f
o
n
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
er
;
h
e
n
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
er
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
w
i
l
l
b
e
i
n
cr
eas
ed
as
co
u
p
l
i
n
g
co
n
s
t
r
ai
n
t
s
i
n
cr
eas
e
[
9
]
.
T
he
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y o
f
t
he
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
hi
ghl
y d
e
p
e
nd
s
o
n t
h
e
va
l
ue
o
f
t
he
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
r
,
t
hu
s
t
he
s
e
le
c
tio
n
o
f
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
at
e m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
u
p
d
at
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
er
i
s
cr
u
ci
al
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
a
g
o
o
d
t
ech
n
i
cal
b
ack
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
s
n
eces
s
ar
y
to
d
e
te
r
m
i
n
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t r
e
g
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
u
lt
ip
lie
r
; o
th
e
r
w
is
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
w
o
u
ld
ta
k
e
a
lo
n
g
e
r
c
o
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
a
l
t
i
m
e t
o
co
n
v
er
g
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
L
R
a
p
p
r
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a
c
h us
ua
l
l
y t
a
c
kl
e
s
t
he
p
r
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b
l
e
m
o
n t
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d
a
y
-
by
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a
s
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s
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he
nc
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t
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ai
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t
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co
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ec
u
t
i
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s
h
av
e
b
een
r
el
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w
h
i
c
h
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l
d
j
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p
ar
d
i
ze t
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e l
o
ad
i
n
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a
n
d
u
n
l
o
ad
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n
g
c
h
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
a
g
en
er
at
o
r
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I
n
vi
e
w
o
f
t
he
s
e
s
ho
r
t
c
o
m
i
ng
s
,
t
he
M
I
L
P
-
ba
s
e
d a
ppr
oa
c
h
i
s
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
t
o s
ol
v
e
t
h
e
c
oor
di
n
a
t
e
d
m
ai
n
t
en
a
n
ce
s
ch
ed
u
l
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
.
T
h
e k
e
y
b
en
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ach
ar
e s
i
m
p
l
i
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
g
u
ar
an
t
ee
d
o
p
tim
a
l s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
it c
o
u
ld
a
c
c
u
r
a
te
l
y
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
r
a
m
p
r
a
te
c
o
n
s
tr
a
in
t
s
o
f
ge
ne
r
a
t
o
r
s
o
n c
o
ns
e
c
ut
i
ve
d
a
y
s
.
I
t is
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
w
it
h
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
ia
te
le
v
e
l o
f
g
r
a
n
u
la
r
it
y
b
y
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
a
ll o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
c
o
n
s
tr
a
in
t
s
,
b
o
th
u
n
it
-
w
i
s
e
a
nd
s
ys
t
e
m
-
w
i
s
e,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
i
t
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ab
l
e t
o
a r
eal
p
r
act
i
cal
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e co
-
o
p
ti
m
i
z
a
tio
n
o
f
g
e
n
e
r
a
tio
n
m
ai
n
t
en
a
nc
e
s
c
he
d
ul
i
ng,
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
m
a
i
nt
e
na
nc
e
s
c
he
d
ul
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ng,
a
nd
un
i
t
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
nt
s
ub
-
pr
obl
e
m
s
a
r
e
s
o
l
ve
d
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
ne
o
us
l
y
b
y
a
o
ne
-
s
ho
t
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n.
U
nl
i
ke
L
R
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h,
w
he
r
e
t
he
s
ub
-
pr
obl
e
m
s
a
r
e
opt
i
m
i
z
e
d
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ll
y
b
e
f
o
r
e
in
te
g
r
a
te
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
lt
ip
lie
r
s
.
T
h
e r
em
a
i
n
i
ng
o
f
t
h
e
pa
pe
r
i
s
or
g
a
n
i
z
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
o
w
s
.
S
e
c
t
i
on
2
h
i
gh
l
i
gh
t
s
M
I
L
P
a
n
d
L
R
-
b
as
ed
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ach
es
.
N
u
m
er
i
cal
cas
e s
t
u
d
i
es
u
s
i
n
g
6
-
bus
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
di
s
c
us
s
e
d i
n
S
e
c
t
i
on
3,
a
n
d t
h
e
c
on
c
l
us
i
ons
a
r
e
dr
a
w
n
i
n
S
e
c
t
i
on
4.
2.
P
RO
P
O
S
E
D M
I
L
P
AND C
URRE
N
T
L
R S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
P
RO
CE
DUR
E
S
L
R
-
b
as
ed
ap
p
r
o
ach
i
s
u
s
ed
a
s
a b
en
ch
m
ar
k
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
as
i
t
h
as
b
een
u
s
ed
w
i
d
el
y
i
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
c
oor
di
n
a
t
e
d g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
s
c
he
du
l
i
ng
pr
obl
e
m
.
F
i
g
u
re
1
s
ho
w
s
t
he
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
p
r
o
ced
u
r
e o
f
t
h
e L
R
-
ba
s
e
d a
ppr
oa
c
h
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
pr
oc
e
du
r
e
,
G
M
S,
T
M
S,
a
n
d
SC
U
C
s
u
b
-
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
a
r
e
in
itia
l
l
y
s
o
l
ve
d
i
nd
e
p
e
nd
e
nt
l
y.
T
he
n,
t
he
c
o
o
r
d
i
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
s
e
s
ub
-
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
i
s
r
eal
i
zed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
er
i
es
o
f
m
u
ltip
lie
r
s
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
f
lo
w
c
h
a
r
t,
μ
is
a
m
u
ltip
lie
r
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
u
p
lin
g
c
o
n
s
tr
a
in
t
o
f
g
e
n
e
r
a
tio
n
m
a
in
te
n
a
n
c
e
X
,
a
nd
u
ni
t
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
nt
,
I
,
m
e
a
n
w
h
ile
,
π
is
a
m
u
ltip
lie
r
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
u
p
lin
g
c
o
n
s
tr
a
in
t o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
ai
n
t
en
a
n
ce s
c
h
ed
u
l
e,
L
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
ta
te
,
M
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
m
u
ltip
lie
r
s
a
r
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u
p
d
a
te
d
u
n
til
t
h
e f
i
n
al
s
o
l
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t
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o
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i
s
r
each
ed
.
T
h
e s
u
b
-
g
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m
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d
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e
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co
m
m
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s
ed
ap
p
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ach
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f
or
u
pda
t
i
n
g
m
u
l
t
i
pl
i
e
r
s
[
8
-
1
0
]
.
U
s
u
a
ll
y
,
i
n
itia
l
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
m
u
ltip
lie
r
s
n
e
e
d
to
b
e
c
a
r
e
f
u
ll
y
c
h
o
s
e
n
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t r
e
g
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltip
lie
r
s
.
O
t
h
e
r
w
is
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
c
o
u
l
d
ta
k
e
lo
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g
c
o
m
p
u
ta
t
io
n
a
l ti
m
e
to
c
o
nve
r
ge
.
Fi
g
ur
e
1.
F
l
o
w
c
h
a
r
t
of
t
h
e
L
R
pr
oc
e
du
r
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H
o
w
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r
,
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n t
h
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pr
opos
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d M
I
L
P
-
b
as
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ap
p
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ach
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al
l
t
h
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s
u
b
-
pr
obl
e
m
s
a
r
e
s
ol
v
e
d s
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l
t
a
n
e
ous
l
y
i
n
w
hi
c
h
t
h
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c
oor
di
n
a
t
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on
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s
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
d t
h
r
oug
h c
ou
pl
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n
g c
on
s
t
r
a
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nt
s
.
T
h
i
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h
doe
s
n
ot
i
nv
ol
v
e
a
ny
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R
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[
1]
H
o
n
g
, S
.
S
., Y
o
n
g
, Q
.K
.
, J
u
a
n
, D
.L
.
C
ont
r
ol
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
on
P
r
ev
en
t
i
v
e M
ai
n
t
en
an
ce
.
I
n
do
ne
s
i
an
J
o
ur
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al
of
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l
ect
r
i
ca
l
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
er
S
ci
en
ce
.
2
01
4;
12(
9)
:
67
11
–
67
2
4.
[
2]
P
r
a
s
h
a
n
t
, K
.
P
.,
P
a
d
m
a
L
.P
.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
ir
tu
a
l
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
O
p
tim
iz
in
g
th
e
R
is
k
o
n
O
p
e
r
a
tin
g
S
y
s
te
m
.
I
ndo
ne
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l o
f Ele
c
tr
ic
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
an
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
.
20
14
;
1
2(
8
)
:
63
69
–
6
37
9.
[
3]
Y
e
l
l
e
n
, J
., A
l
-
K
ha
m
i
s
,
T
.
M
.
,
V
e
m
ur
i
,
S
.
a
nd L
e
m
oni
di
s
,
L
.
A
D
e
c
o
m
pos
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t
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on A
ppr
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h t
o
U
ni
t
M
a
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nt
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na
nc
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S
c
he
dul
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.
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
ons
o
n
P
ow
e
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
.
19
92;
7(
2)
:
72
6
–
73
3.
[
4]
M
a
r
w
a
l
i
,
M
.
K
.
C
.
a
nd S
ha
hi
de
h
pou
r
,
S.
M.
A
P
r
oba
bi
l
i
s
t
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c
A
ppr
oa
c
h t
o G
e
ne
r
a
t
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on M
a
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nt
e
na
nc
e
S
c
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dul
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r
w
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t
h
N
e
tw
o
r
k
C
o
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s
tr
a
in
ts
.
I
nt
e
r
n
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i
on
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J
o
ur
na
l
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
P
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e
r
&
E
ne
r
gy
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
.
19
99
;
21(
8)
:
53
3
–
54
5.
[
5]
M
a
r
w
a
l
i
,
M
.
K
.
C
.
a
nd S
ha
hi
de
h
pou
r
,
S
.
M
.
I
nt
e
g
r
a
t
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d G
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ne
r
a
t
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on a
nd T
r
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i
s
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on
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n
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t
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T
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r S
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st
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ms.
19
98;
13(
3)
:
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06
3
-
10
68
.
[
6]
L
e
o
u
, R
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.
A
F
l
ex
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b
l
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n
i
t
M
ai
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t
en
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ce S
ch
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C
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T
r
a
ns
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t
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ons
on
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r
S
ys
t
em
s
,
20
01;
16
(
3)
;
55
2
-
55
9.
[
7]
S
C
ha
nda
,
A
D
e
.
C
ong
e
s
t
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on
r
e
l
i
e
f
o
f
c
ont
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ng
e
nt
pow
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t
w
or
k
w
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t
h e
v
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o
na
r
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opt
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m
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t
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on a
l
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or
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t
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E
L
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om
m
uni
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at
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om
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,
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l
e
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t
r
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c
s
an
d
C
ont
r
o
l
)
.
20
12;
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0(
1)
:
1
-
8.
[
8]
F
u,
Y
.
,
S
ha
hi
de
hp
our
,
M
.
a
nd
L
i
,
Z
.
S
e
c
ur
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t
y
-
C
ons
t
r
a
i
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d O
pt
i
m
a
l
C
oor
di
na
t
i
o
n
of
G
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on a
n
d T
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
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ai
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en
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ce O
u
t
ag
e S
ch
ed
u
l
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g
.
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
ons
on
P
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Sy
s
t
e
m
s
200
7;
2
2(
3)
:
1
30
2
–
13
13.
[
9]
F
u,
Y
.
,
L
i
,
Z
.
a
nd S
ha
hi
de
hp
o
ur
,
M
.
C
o
or
d
i
na
t
i
on of
M
i
dt
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r
m
O
ut
a
g
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S
c
he
dul
i
ng
w
i
t
h S
ho
r
t
T
e
r
m
S
e
c
ur
i
t
y
-
C
ons
t
r
a
i
ne
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ni
t
C
om
m
i
t
m
e
nt
.
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
ons
on
P
ow
e
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
,
200
9;
24(
4)
:
1
81
8
–
1
83
0.
[
1
0]
W
u,
L
.
,
S
ha
hi
de
hp
our
,
M
.
a
n
d F
u,
Y
.
S
e
c
ur
i
t
y
-
C
ons
t
r
a
i
ne
d G
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on a
nd T
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on O
ut
a
g
e
S
c
he
dul
i
ng
w
i
t
h
U
n
cer
t
ai
n
t
i
es
.
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
on
s
on P
ow
e
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
.
2
01
0;
25(
3)
;
167
4
–
1
68
5.
[
1
1]
S
ubr
a
m
a
ni
R
.
,
V
i
j
ay
al
ak
s
h
m
i
C
.
D
e
s
i
g
n a
nd A
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
L
a
g
r
a
ng
i
a
n A
l
g
or
i
t
hm
f
or
P
ow
e
r
F
l
ow
S
y
s
t
e
m
us
i
ng
R
en
ew
ab
l
e E
n
er
g
y
R
es
o
u
r
ces
.
I
ndo
ne
s
i
a
n
J
o
ur
n
al
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
C
om
p
ut
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
.
2
01
7;
7(
2)
;
348
–
35
5.
[
1
2]
C
one
j
o
,
A
.
J
.
,
B
er
t
r
an
d
,
R
.
G
.
an
d
S
al
azar
,
M
.
D
.
G
en
er
at
i
o
n
M
ai
n
t
en
an
ce S
ch
ed
u
l
i
n
g
i
n
R
es
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
P
o
w
er
S
y
st
e
m
s.
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
o
ns
o
n P
ow
e
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
.
20
05;
2
0(
2)
;
9
84
–
9
92.
[
1
3]
B
ar
o
t
,
H
.
an
d
B
h
at
t
ach
ar
y
a,
K
.
S
ecu
r
i
t
y
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
at
ed
M
ai
n
t
en
a
n
ce S
ch
ed
u
l
i
n
g
i
n
D
er
eg
u
l
at
i
o
n B
a
s
e
d on G
e
nc
o
C
ont
r
i
but
i
o
n t
o U
ns
e
r
v
e
d E
ne
r
g
y
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I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
ons
o
n P
ow
e
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
.
20
08;
23(
4)
:
18
71
-
1
88
2.
[
1
4]
K
o
v
a
c
s
,
A
., E
r
d
o
s
, G
., V
i
h
a
r
o
s
,
Z
.J
., M
o
n
o
s
t
o
r
i
, L
.
A
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
t
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de
t
a
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l
e
d s
c
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d
ul
i
ng
of
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a
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m
m
ai
nt
e
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anc
e
.
C
I
R
P
A
nna
l
s
M
a
nuf
a
c
t
ur
i
ng
T
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
.
201
1;
60(
1)
:
4
97
-
50
1.
[
1
5]
P
a
n
dz
i
c
,
H
.
,
C
one
j
o,
A
.
J
.
,
K
uz
l
e
,
I
.
a
nd
C
a
r
o,
E
.
Y
e
a
r
l
y
M
a
i
nt
e
na
nc
e
S
c
he
dul
i
ng
of
T
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on L
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ne
s
W
i
t
hi
n a
M
a
r
k
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t
E
nv
i
r
onm
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nt
.
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
o
ns
o
n P
ow
e
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
,
20
12;
27(
1)
:
4
07
-
41
5.
[
1
6]
B
ad
r
i
,
A
.
an
d
N
i
azi
,
A
.
N
.
P
r
ev
en
t
i
v
e
G
en
er
at
i
o
n
M
ai
n
t
en
a
n
ce S
ch
ed
u
l
i
n
g
C
o
n
s
i
d
er
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g
S
y
s
t
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m
R
el
i
ab
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l
i
t
y
an
d
E
ne
r
gy
P
ur
c
ha
s
e
i
n R
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
P
ow
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r
S
y
s
t
e
m
.
J
our
nal
of
B
as
i
c
and
A
p
pl
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e
d
Sc
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
.
2
01
2;
2(
1
2)
:
127
73
-
1
278
6.
[
1
7]
C
a
n
t
o
,
S
.
P
. a
n
d
R
o
m
e
r
o
, J
. C
.
R
.
A
M
ode
l
f
or
t
he
P
r
e
v
e
nt
i
v
e
M
a
i
nt
e
na
nc
e
S
c
he
dul
i
ng
of
P
ow
e
r
P
l
a
nt
s
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
W
i
nd F
a
r
m
s
.
Re
lia
b
ility
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
&
S
y
s
te
m
S
a
fe
ty
.
20
1
3;
11
9:
67
-
75
.
[
1
8]
J
o
s
t
,
V
.,
S
a
v
o
u
r
e
y
, D
.
An
0
-
1
I
n
t
eg
er
L
i
n
ear
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
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g
A
p
p
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ach
t
o
S
ch
ed
u
l
e O
u
t
ag
es
o
f
N
u
cl
ear
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o
w
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P
l
an
t
s
.
E
l
ect
r
i
ci
t
e D
e F
r
a
n
ce
,
20
13
;
16
(
6)
:
5
51
-
56
6.
[
1
9]
P
an
d
zi
c,
H
.
,
C
o
n
ej
o
,
A
.
an
d
K
u
zl
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I
.
A
n E
P
E
C
A
ppr
oa
c
h
t
o t
h
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Y
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a
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l
y
M
a
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nt
e
na
nc
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S
c
he
dul
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n
g
of
G
e
ne
r
a
t
i
ng
Un
i
t
s.
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
ons
on
P
ow
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r
Sy
s
t
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m
s
.
201
3;
28
(
2)
:
92
2
-
93
0.
[
2
0]
M
o
l
l
ah
as
s
an
i
-
po
ur
,
M
.
,
A
bdol
l
a
hi
,
A
.
a
n
d
R
a
a
s
hi
di
ne
j
a
d,
M
.
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
a
N
ov
e
l
C
os
t
R
e
duc
t
i
o
n I
n
de
x
t
o
P
r
ev
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ai
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ch
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g
.
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l
ect
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ca
l
P
o
w
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n
d
E
n
er
g
y
S
ys
t
em
s
.
20
14;
56
:
2
35
-
24
0.
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