Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
, p
p.
ab
~
cd
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
1
.
pp
a
b
-
cd
1
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Optimal
integrati
on of wi
nd
energy with
a
shun
t
-
FACTS
co
nt
rolle
r for red
uctions i
n elect
rical
powe
r loss
I Made
W
arta
na
1
, Ni P
ut
u
Ag
ust
ini
2
, Sa
s
idhar
an
Sreed
ha
r
an
3
1,2
Depa
rtment
of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Na
ti
ona
l Ins
ti
tut
e
of Te
ch
nolog
y
Mal
ang,
Indone
sia
2
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
&
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering,
M
E
S Co
llege
of
Eng
ine
e
ri
ng,
Kutt
ippura
m
,
Ker
al
a
,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
10
, 202
0
Re
vised
Feb 1
2
, 2
021
Accepte
d
Apr
1
2
, 202
1
The
integra
ti
on
of
distri
bute
d
gene
ra
tors
(DG
s)
with
fle
xible
al
t
ern
ating
cur
ren
t
tr
ansm
ission
sy
st
ems
(F
ACTS)
ca
n
imp
rove
the
per
for
m
anc
e
of
the
grid
s
y
stem.
In
t
his
stud
y
,
we
d
e
te
rm
ine
th
e
locat
ion
and
opti
m
al
size
of
on
e
t
y
p
e
of
DG
,
base
d
on
wind
en
erg
y
,
with
a
shunt
-
FA
CTS
con
trol
devi
c
e
ca
l
le
d
a
st
at
i
c
va
r
compensat
or
(
SV
C).
The
volt
a
ge
profile
is
inc
r
ea
se
and
th
e
power
loss
red
uce
d
du
e
to
a
n
improvem
ent
in
pe
rform
ance
from
the
m
axi
m
iz
ing
load
bus
s
y
stem
sc
en
ari
o
.
Newton
-
Raphson
power
flow
with
a
wind
turbi
ne
ge
ner
at
or
(W
TG)
and
SV
C
are
form
ula
te
d
as
a
m
ult
i
-
obj
ective
proble
m
ca
lled
MLB
sy
st
em
and
m
ini
m
iz
ing
s
y
stem
power
lo
ss
(P
loss
)
b
y
sati
sf
y
ing
var
iou
s
sy
st
em
constraints,
namel
y
the
loa
ding
li
m
it
s,
gene
ra
ti
on
li
m
it
s,
volt
ag
e
lim
it
s,
and
the
smal
l
-
sign
al
stabi
l
ity
.
A
var
i
ant
of
t
he
gene
t
ic
al
gorit
hm
,
c
al
l
e
d
the
non
-
dom
ina
te
d
sorting
g
en
et
i
c
a
lgori
thm
II
(NS
GA
-
II),
is
used
to
solv
e
the
se
conf
l
ic
t
ing
m
ult
i
-
object
ive
opti
m
izati
on
proble
m
s.
Modific
a
ti
ons
t
o
the
I
E
EE
1
4
-
bus
standa
rd
and
pr
actical
te
st
s
y
st
em
int
egr
at
ed
to
th
e
W
TG
and
SVC
in
the
PS
AT
software
are
used
as
a
te
st
s
y
stem.
Th
e
si
m
ula
ti
on
result
s
indi
cate
tha
t
t
he
opti
m
al
al
lo
ca
t
ion
of
the
W
TG
and
SV
C,
de
te
rm
ine
d
using
the
prop
osed
technique,
result
s
in
improved
s
y
st
e
m
per
form
anc
e
,
since
al
l
th
e
spe
c
ifi
ed
constraints are
m
et.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ma
xim
iz
ing
lo
ad bus
Non
-
dom
inate
d
sorti
ng
genet
ic
al
gorithm
I
I
Power
l
os
s
Sm
a
ll
-
sign
al
st
abili
ty
Stat
ic
v
ar c
ompen
sat
or
W
i
nd tu
r
bin
e
ge
ner
at
or
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
I
Ma
de
W
a
rtan
a
Dep
a
rt
m
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng
Nati
on
al
I
ns
ti
tute o
f
Tec
hnol
og
y
(ITN
)
Ma
l
ang,
Ind
on
esi
a
2
nd
Ca
m
pu
s,
Jl.
Ray
a K
ara
nglo
Km
. 2
, Mal
a
ng 65
143
Tel
.
+6
2 (0)
34
1
-
551431 e
xt.
103,
Fa
x
+
62
(0) 341
-
4176
34
Em
a
il
:
m
.w
artana@lec
tu
rer.i
tn.ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
eve
r
-
i
ncr
e
asi
ng
dem
and
fo
r
el
ect
rical
ener
gy
use
m
us
t
be
m
et
by
increasin
g
the
capaci
ty
,
secur
it
y,
an
d
st
abili
ty
of
powe
r
syst
e
m
s,
includi
ng
t
he
proc
esses
of
ge
ner
a
ti
on
,
tra
ns
m
issio
n,
an
d
distri
buti
on.
On
e
way
to
si
m
ul
ta
neo
usl
y
increase
the
power
ge
ner
at
io
n
capaci
ty
and
im
pr
ov
e
the
pe
r
form
ance
of
a
powe
r
syst
e
m
is
throu
gh
the
a
ppr
opr
ia
te
integrati
on
of
distrib
uted
gen
e
rato
rs
(DGs)
into
the
gr
id
syst
em
[1
]
,
[
2].
I
n
add
it
io
n,
the
optim
al
instal
lat
ion
of
a
flexi
ble
al
te
rn
at
ing
c
urren
t
tra
ns
m
is
sion
syst
em
(F
ACTS)
ca
n
im
pro
ve
the
net
w
ork,
t
he
vo
lt
a
ge
pro
file
,
an
d
t
he
e
qu
al
it
y,
ef
fici
ency,
a
nd
reli
a
bi
li
t
y
of
t
he
sys
tem
,
and
can
r
edu
c
e
syst
e
m
p
ow
e
r
l
os
ses.
The
optim
al
i
nteg
rati
on
of
DG
unit
s
an
d
FA
CT
S
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
into
th
e
gr
i
d
syst
em
can
play
a
sign
ific
a
nt
r
ole
in
i
m
pr
ovin
g
s
yst
e
m
per
form
anc
e,
by
reduci
ng
powe
r
loss
,
increasin
g
the
vo
lt
age
pro
file
,
an
d
increasin
g
sys
tem
reli
abili
t
y
[3
]
.
Howe
ver,
instal
li
ng
th
ese
de
vices
in
an
uns
uitable
locat
ion
a
nd
with
inap
pro
pr
ia
te
siz
es
can
pro
duce
neg
at
ive
im
pacts,
su
c
h
as
increase
d
pow
er
losses
an
d
vio
l
at
ions
of
syst
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
ab
-
cd
2
const
raints.
De
te
rm
ining
t
he
extent
to
w
hic
h
a
giv
e
n
ty
pe
of
D
G,
s
uc
h
a
s
a
wi
nd
t
urbi
ne
gen
e
rato
r
(
WT
G)
,
can
be
i
nteg
rated
int
o
t
he
gr
i
d
wh
il
e
kee
ping
the
power
s
yst
e
m
safe
is
a
tim
e
-
con
s
umi
ng
a
nd
c
halle
ng
i
ng
ta
sk
.
Se
ver
al
issues
ne
ed
to
b
e
co
ns
ide
red,
su
ch
as
the
long
an
d
s
hort
-
te
rm
transient
sta
bili
ty
of
the
ro
to
r
ang
le
,
the
f
requen
cy
,
vo
lt
age
,
an
d
c
riti
cal
cl
ea
r
in
g
ti
m
e,
and
sm
al
l
sign
al
sta
bili
ty
analy
ses
of
t
he
lo
cal
,
inter
-
area,
to
rque,
and
c
ontr
ol
m
od
es
[4
]
,
[
5]
.
In
or
der
to
ensure
t
he
r
el
ia
bili
ty
,
eff
ic
ie
ncy,
sta
bili
ty
,
and
perform
ance o
f
the syste
m
, th
ese analy
ses
re
qu
i
re a k
nowle
dg
e
of
var
i
ous
wind e
nergy
pe
netrati
on li
m
its [6].
In
m
any
pr
e
vio
us
st
udie
s,
va
rio
us
ap
proac
he
s
to
optim
iz
i
ng
c
om
pu
ta
ti
on
al
intel
li
gen
c
e
hav
e
bee
n
pro
po
se
d
in
rel
at
ion
to
plan
ni
ng
the
placem
ent
of
the
D
G
and
F
ACTS
.
A
n
optim
iz
at
ion
search
bac
ktra
ckin
g
al
gorithm
fo
r
the
al
locat
ion
of
m
ulti
-
t
ype
ge
ner
at
or
s
was
use
d
in
[7
]
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
the
operati
ng
perf
orm
ance
of
a sw
arm
o
ptim
iz
at
ion
tech
nique, in
t
he
c
on
te
xt of
determ
ining
t
he
locat
io
n and
optim
al
si
ze of
t
he
D
G.
I
n
[
8],
ta
kin
g
int
o
acc
ount
t
he
c
os
ts
du
e
to
ope
rati
ng
ris
k,
a
m
eth
od
of
est
im
ating
points
to
de
te
rm
ine
the
optim
al
al
locat
ion
of
DG
s
in
distrib
ution
syst
em
s
was
al
so
pr
opos
e
d.
Stu
dies
f
ocusi
ng
on
the
op
ti
m
a
l
al
loc
at
ion
of
m
ul
ti
-
ty
pe
DGs
(P
V
a
nd
W
T
Gs)
hav
e
al
s
o
been
ca
rr
ie
d
out
to
m
ini
m
iz
e
power
lo
ss
in
a
power
netw
ork
[
9].
In
[
10]
,
the
op
t
i
m
al
al
locat
ion
of
ne
w
D
Gs
with
a
FA
CTS
con
tr
oller
was
pr
op
os
e
d,
wit
h
the
aim
of
red
uc
i
ng
el
ect
ric
power
loss
us
i
ng
g
e
netic
al
gorith
m
s.
Fu
rther
m
or
e,
a
m
ulti
-
obj
ect
ive
ta
bu
s
earch
al
gorith
m
was
app
li
ed
to
dete
rm
ine
the
loca
ti
on
a
nd
siz
e
of
se
ver
al
ty
pe
s
of
F
ACTS
an
d
DG
s
in
a
power
syst
em
network
[11].
The
m
ajo
rity
of
rece
nt
arti
cl
es
hav
e
fo
c
us
ed
on
i
m
pr
ov
in
g
opti
m
iz
at
ion
pr
oc
edures
by
ap
pl
yi
ng
diff
e
re
nt opti
m
iz
at
ion
tech
niques,
but
hav
e
used less
pract
ic
al
test
syst
e
m
s.
In
t
his
pa
per,
t
he
opti
m
al
integrati
on
of
on
e
ty
pe
of
D
G
(w
i
nd
e
nergy,
WE)
an
d
a
S
hunt
-
FA
C
TS
con
t
ro
ll
er
i
nto
the
gri
d
is
pro
po
s
ed
,
with
th
e
aim
of
reduc
ing
t
he
los
s
of
el
ect
ric
power.
The
pro
blem
i
s
al
s
o
gen
e
rali
zed
by
con
si
der
in
g
one
ty
pe
of
S
hunt
-
F
ACTS
,
na
m
el
y
a
sta
t
ic
var
com
pen
sat
or
(SVC),
incl
udin
g
the
us
e
of
hybri
d
so
luti
ons,
su
c
h
as
instal
li
ng
t
he
WE
ty
pe
doubly
-
fe
d
i
nduc
ti
on
gen
e
rato
r
(
DFIG
)
a
nd
SV
C
.
These
ca
n
en
han
ce
t
he
vol
ta
ge
pro
file
,
wh
e
reas
a
re
du
ct
io
n
in
po
wer
lo
ss
due
to
i
m
pr
oved
syst
e
m
perform
ance
is
achieve
d
by
m
axi
m
iz
ing
th
e
load
bus
(M
LB)
syst
em
sc
enar
i
o.
Ne
wton
-
Ra
phson
power
flo
w
with
DFIG
a
nd
SV
C
is
us
ed
t
o
f
or
m
ulate
a
m
ul
ti
-
pu
r
pose
op
ti
m
iz
ation
pro
blem
,
na
m
ely
the
MLB
sys
tem
,
i
n
wh
ic
h
t
he
syst
e
m
P
loss
is
m
i
nim
iz
ed
by
sa
ti
sfying
var
i
ous
syst
em
con
s
trai
nts,
s
uc
h
a
s
the
l
oad
i
ng
lim
it
,
gen
e
rati
on
lim
it
,
vo
lt
age
lim
it
,
and
sm
a
ll
-
sign
al
sta
bili
ty
.
Mod
ific
at
ion
s
to
the
IEEE
14
bu
s
sta
nda
r
d
te
st
syst
e
m
and
the
In
do
nesian
Ja
va
-
Ba
li
24
bus
syst
e
m
,
con
ne
ct
ed
to
the
DFIG
an
d
S
VC
usi
ng
PS
AT
s
oft
war
e,
are car
ried
out
in this st
ud
y.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2
.
1.
Win
d
tur
bine m
od
el
in
g
D
u
e
t
o
i
t
s
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
o
v
e
r
o
t
h
e
r
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,
m
o
s
t
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
s
u
s
e
a
v
a
r
i
a
b
le
-
s
p
e
e
d
W
T
G
,
e
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
d
o
u
b
l
y
-
f
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
(
D
F
I
G
)
.
T
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
W
E
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
W
T
G
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
n
e
x
c
i
t
i
n
g
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
s
u
e
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
w
i
t
h
r
e
g
a
r
d
t
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
[12]
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
a
W
T
G
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
D
F
I
G
:
a
W
T
,
g
e
a
r
b
o
x
,
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
r
o
t
o
r
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
,
b
a
c
k
-
to
-
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
[13]
.
T
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
a
r
e
f
e
d
v
i
a
a
b
a
c
k
-
to
-
b
a
c
k
r
o
t
o
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
.
In
(
1
)
g
i
v
e
s
t
h
e
s
t
e
a
d
y
-
s
t
a
t
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
e
d
h
e
r
e
.
Figure
1.
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
-
s
p
e
e
d
W
T
G
w
i
t
h
D
F
I
G
m
o
d
e
l
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g
w
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v
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a
n
d
v
qs
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r
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t
a
t
o
r
v
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l
t
a
g
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s
o
n
t
h
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d
-
a
n
d
q
-
a
x
e
s
;
v
dr
a
n
d
v
qr
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
o
t
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r
v
o
l
t
a
g
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s
o
n
t
h
e
d
-
a
n
d
q
-
a
x
e
s
;
i
ds
a
n
d
i
q
s
a
r
e
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h
e
s
t
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t
o
r
c
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r
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e
n
t
s
o
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h
e
d
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a
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q
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x
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s
;
i
dr
a
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d
i
qr
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r
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r
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c
u
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t
s
o
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h
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d
-
a
n
d
q
-
a
x
e
s
;
r
S
a
n
d
r
R
a
r
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t
h
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r
e
s
i
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t
a
n
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e
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
o
r
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
;
x
S
a
n
d
x
R
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Op
ti
m
al inte
grati
on o
f w
i
nd e
ner
gy
wi
th
a
s
hunt
-
FAC
T
S
c
ontroll
er fo
r re
duct
ions i
n…
(
I
Ma
de
W
ar
ta
na
)
3
s
t
a
t
o
r
a
n
d
r
o
t
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r
;
a
n
d
x
m
a
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m
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o
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y
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1
(
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1
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)
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((
)
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((
ds
m
dr
m
R
m
qr
R
qr
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r
v
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r
v
(1)
)
c
o
s
(
)
s
i
n
(
V
v
V
v
qs
ds
(2)
t
h
e
a
c
t
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v
e
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d
r
e
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c
t
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p
o
w
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t
c
o
n
v
e
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t
e
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,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(3),
qc
dc
dc
qc
qs
ds
ds
qs
qc
qc
dc
dc
qs
qs
ds
ds
i
v
i
v
i
v
i
v
Q
i
v
i
v
i
v
i
v
P
(3)
2.2.
S
tatic
var com
pens
ato
r
(SVC
)
m
od
e
li
ng
On
e
popula
r
ty
pe
of
FA
CT
S
is
the
SV
C,
whic
h
act
s
as
a
sh
unt
-
c
onnecte
d
va
riable
reac
tor,
a
nd
ca
n
inj
ect
or
ab
sor
b
reacti
ve
power
to
regulat
e
the
volt
age
connecte
d
to
the
bus.
T
his
de
vice
pr
ov
i
des
instant
reacti
ve
po
wer
for
volt
age
s
upport,
a
nd
ha
s
two
ca
pac
it
ive
an
d
in
du
ct
ive
reg
i
ons.
T
he
S
VC
can
i
nj
ect
reacti
ve
a
nd
inducti
ve
powe
r
in
ei
t
her
t
he
capaci
ti
ve
a
nd
in
duct
ive
m
od
e
[
14]
.
Fig
ure
2
s
hows
a
n
SVC
equ
i
valent
ci
r
cuit,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
be
m
od
el
ed
as
a
su
scepta
nce
va
riable
de
pendin
g
on
the
pa
rtic
ular
node'
s
requi
rem
ents.
In
this
m
od
el
,
the
dif
fer
e
ntial
(4)
a
nd
al
ge
br
ai
c
(
5)
give
the
t
otal
react
ance
of
b
SVC
a
nd
the
reacti
ve powe
r
inj
ect
e
d
at
t
he SVC
node
[
15
]
,
r
S
V
C
P
O
D
r
e
f
r
S
V
C
T
b
V
v
V
K
b
/
)
(
(4)
2
V
b
Q
S
V
C
(5)
w
h
e
r
e
K
r
and
T
r
are
the
regulat
or
ga
in
an
d
regul
at
or
ti
m
e
con
sta
nt,
r
especti
vely
,
an
d
V
ref
is
the
ref
ere
nce
vo
lt
age
. F
i
gure
2
s
how
s the
S
VC m
od
el
, whi
ch
is as
su
m
ed
to
be
a ti
m
e
-
con
sta
nt
regu
la
to
r.
(
a
)
(b)
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
(
a
)
S
V
C
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
;
(
b
)
b
l
o
c
k
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
S
V
C
b
m
a
k
b
S
C
V
b
m
i
n
v
P
O
D
b
r
e
f
K
r
T
r
s
+
1
V
+
+
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
ab
-
cd
4
w
h
e
r
e
b
max
and
b
min
are
the
m
axim
u
m
and
m
ini
m
u
m
su
scep
ta
nce
(p.u),
an
d
v
POD
is
the
inp
ut
sig
nal
for
powe
r
syst
e
m
o
sci
ll
ation
dam
pin
g.
2.3
.
Pr
ob
le
m
formula
tio
n
W
it
h
the
scen
ario
of
i
ncr
eas
ing
l
oad
ac
hie
ving
M
L
B
syst
e
m
bu
t
with
m
ini
m
u
m
l
ine
powe
r
los
s
(
P
loss
),
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
dif
fer
e
nt
c
onflic
ts,
two
op
ti
m
iz
ation
obj
ect
iv
es
are
c
ho
s
en
to
valid
at
e
the
op
ti
m
i
zat
ion
al
gorithm
dev
e
lop
e
d
w
hen
cal
culat
ing
ove
rhead
rem
ai
ns
m
ini
m
al
.
This
m
ulti
-
pur
pose
ca
n
be
sim
ultaneou
sly
handled
by
N
SGA
-
II
,
wh
ic
h
is
enh
ance
d
a
s
long
as
it
ca
n
re
veal
it
wh
il
e
m
ai
ntaining
secur
it
y
and
s
yst
e
m
sta
bili
ty
.
Ba
se
d
on
a
discrete
-
co
ntin
uous
m
i
xed
m
ulti
-
purpose
opti
m
iz
at
i
on
with
real
c
on
st
raine
d
f
(
x
,
u
),
the
pro
blem
can
be
fo
rm
ulate
d
,
as
sh
own
in
(
6)
[16].
The
de
pende
nt
and
c
on
t
ro
l
va
riable
s
are
rep
re
sent
ed
by
x
and u,
resp
ect
i
vely
.
)]
,
(
),
,
(
[
)
,
(
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
2
1
u
x
u
x
u
x
f
f
f
(6)
N
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
j
h
M
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
i
g
j
i
,
1
0
)
,
(
,
1
0
)
,
(
:
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
u
x
u
x
(7)
W
he
re
f
1
a
nd
f
2
are
the
ob
j
ect
ive
functi
ons
to
be
optim
iz
ed,
and
g
i
an
d
h
j
are
the
i
th
and
j
th
inequ
al
it
y
const
raints,
r
es
pecti
vely
.
M
a
nd
N
are
the
nu
m
ber
s o
f
equal
it
y and
ine
qual
it
y con
strai
nts, respecti
vely
.
2.4
.
Maximi
z
ing load
s
ys
te
m
T
h
e
first
ob
j
e
ct
ive
functi
on
of
t
his
resea
rc
h
is
the
M
L
B
syst
e
m
,
with
a
load
i
ncr
ease
scenari
o
as
sh
ow
n
on
,
)
,
,
(
M
a
x
i
m
i
z
e
1
u
x
f
(8)
E
L
N
j
j
N
i
i
B
VV
O
L
L
VL
1
1
:
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
(9)
w
h
e
r
e
λ
is
the
syst
e
m
load
pa
ram
et
er,
der
ive
d
in
(
10),
a
nd
VL,
w
hich
is
th
e
su
m
of
OLL
i
and
BVV
j
(
s
ho
wn
in
(13)
a
nd
(
14),
resp
ect
ively
)
,
r
epr
ese
nts
the
therm
al
and
bus
vio
la
ti
on
lim
it
factor
s.
N
L
and
N
E
are
the
total
nu
m
ber
s
of tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
nes
and loa
d b
us
es
, r
es
pecti
vely
[17
]
.
]
,
1
[
];
e
x
p
[
m
a
x
m
a
x
f
f
f
f
(10)
W
he
re
γ
is
the
slop
e
a
dju
stm
ent
coeffic
ie
nt
of
the
functi
on,
P
Di
an
d
Q
Di
are
the
act
ive
and
reacti
ve
powe
r
dem
and
s
(as
sho
wn
in
(
11)
a
nd
(
12)
,
re
s
pecti
vely
),
an
d
t
he
loa
d
factor
λ
f,
has
a
m
axi
m
u
m
val
ue
of
λ
f
max
.
Di
f
f
Di
P
λ
λ
P
)
(
(11)
Di
f
f
Di
Q
λ
λ
Q
)
(
(12)
T
h
e
first
te
rm
in
(
9)
,
OLL
i
,
wh
ic
h
is
de
fin
ed
in
(13
),
re
presents
t
he
sys
tem
secur
it
y
st
at
e'
s
ind
ic
es,
and
it
s
value
is
equ
al
t
o
one
if
the
j
th
li
ne
loa
ding
is
le
ss
tha
n
it
s
rati
ng.
Otherwise,
it
inc
r
eases
lo
gar
it
hm
cal
l
y
wi
th the
ove
rlo
ad,
a
s s
how
n,
m
a
x
m
a
x
m
a
x
if
;
1
e
x
p
if
;
1
ij
ij
ij
ij
O
L
L
ij
ij
i
P
P
P
P
P
P
O
LL
(13)
wh
e
re
P
ij
a
nd
P
ij
max
are
the
r
eal
powe
r
fl
ows
betwee
n
buses
i
a
nd
j
a
nd
thei
r
the
rm
al
lim
i
t.
The
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Op
ti
m
al inte
grati
on o
f w
i
nd e
ner
gy
wi
th
a
s
hunt
-
FAC
T
S
c
ontroll
er fo
r re
duct
ions i
n…
(
I
Ma
de
W
ar
ta
na
)
5
us
e
d
to
a
djust
the
slo
pe
of
t
he
ex
pone
ntial
fu
nctio
n
is
Γ
OLL
.
The
sec
ond
t
erm
,
BVV
j
,
de
f
ined
i
n
(
9),
give
s
the
syst
e
m
secur
it
y i
nd
ic
es t
hat a
re ass
ociat
ed w
it
h
the
bus
vo
lt
age
vio
la
ti
on fa
ct
or
for b
us
j
, a
s sho
wn in (
14)
,
ot
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
;
1
e
x
p
1
.
1
v
,9
0
if
;
1
b
V
B
V
V
b
BVV
j
(14)
w
h
e
r
e
Γ
BVV
is
t
he
coeffic
ie
nt
us
e
d
to
adjust
the
slop
e
of
th
e
expon
e
ntial
fu
nctio
n,
in
a
sim
il
ar
way
to
(1
3).
I
f
BVV
j
is
equ
al
to
one,
the
vo
l
ta
ge
le
vel
dro
ps
to
betwee
n
it
s
m
ini
m
u
m
an
d
m
axi
m
u
m
lim
it
s;
oth
er
wise,
the
vo
lt
age
d
e
viati
on inc
reases e
xpone
ntial
ly
.
2.5
.
Minimi
z
i
ng
th
e li
ne
p
ow
er loss
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
i
n
g
the
li
ne
power
l
os
s
(
P
loss
)
of
t
he
tran
sm
issi
o
n
li
ne
is
the
se
cond
obj
ect
ive
fun
ct
ion,
as
form
ulate
d
[18
]
,
j
i
j
i
j
i
nl
k
k
l
o
s
s
V
V
V
V
g
P
f
c
o
s
(
2
,
2
2
1
2
u
x
(15)
w
h
e
r
e
nl
is
the
transm
issi
on
l
ine
nu
m
ber
,
g
k
is
the
con
duct
ance
of
the
k
th
li
ne;
V
i
δ
i
is
the
vo
lt
age
on
the
en
d
bu
s
i
,
a
nd
V
j
δ
j
is t
he v
oltage
on the
end
bus
j
of the
k
th
li
ne
.
2.6
.
Equ
alit
y an
d ineq
ua
li
t
y
c
on
s
tra
in
ts
2.6.1
.
E
qua
li
t
y
c
on
s
tra
in
ts
T
h
e
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
o
a
d
f
l
o
w
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
d
e
n
o
t
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
i
r
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
(
1
6
)
,
b
ij
ij
ij
ij
N
i
j
i
L
G
b
ij
ij
ij
ij
N
i
j
i
L
G
N
i
G
G
V
V
Q
Q
N
i
G
G
V
V
P
P
b
i
i
b
i
i
,.
..
..
.
.,
2
,
1
);
c
o
s
s
i
n
(
,.
..
..
.
.,
2
,
1
);
s
i
n
c
o
s
(
1
1
(16)
w
h
e
r
e
N
b
is
th
e num
ber
of
buses.
2.6.2
.
I
nequ
ali
ty co
nst
r
aints
A
c
t
i
v
e
and
rea
ct
ive
powe
r
ge
ner
at
or
s
P
Gi
a
nd
Q
Gi
,
res
pecti
vely
,
volt
age
V
i
,
an
d
phase
a
ngle
δ
i
(
17)
.
The
pa
ram
et
er
set
ti
ng
s S
VC,
b
SVC
in (
18)
a
nd transm
issi
on
load
in
g
P
ij
at
(19) r
e
pr
e
sents
ineq
ualit
y con
s
trai
nts
h
j
(
x
,
u
)
in (1
5),
who
se
v
al
ue
is
lim
i
te
d
by t
heir
li
m
it
s,
m
i
m
i
V
V
V
m
i
Q
Q
Q
m
i
P
P
P
i
i
i
i
G
G
G
G
G
G
i
i
i
i
i
i
,..
.....
,
2
,
1
;
9
,
0
9
,
0
,..
.....
,
2
,
1
;
,..
.....
,
2
,
1
;
,..
.....
,
2
,
1
;
m
a
x
m
i
n
m
a
x
m
i
n
m
a
x
m
i
n
(17)
m
a
x
m
i
n
S
V
C
S
V
C
S
V
C
b
b
b
(18)
N
ij
P
P
ij
ij
,.......,
1
;
m
a
x
(19)
2.7
.
S
tabil
ity cons
tra
in
ts
2.7.
1.
Sm
all
-
sign
al stabili
t
y
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
d
i
c
e
s
t
h
a
t
i
s
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
t
h
e
s
m
a
l
l
-
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
i
s
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
d
e
x
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
r
e
t
u
r
n
t
o
r
e
g
u
l
a
r
o
r
s
t
a
b
l
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
f
t
e
r
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
m
i
n
o
r
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
,
a
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
e
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
a
t
r
i
x
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
t
h
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
[1
9].
T
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
(
M
L
B
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
a
l
a
r
g
e
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
W
T
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
[4]
,
m
a
i
n
l
y
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
W
T
G
[
5]
.
In
(
2
0
)
g
i
v
e
s
a
s
e
t
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
l
g
e
b
r
a
i
c
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
D
E
A
s
)
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
s
m
a
l
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
ab
-
cd
6
)
,
(
0
)
,
(
y
x
g
y
x
f
x
(20)
w
h
e
r
e
x
a
n
d
y
d
e
n
o
t
e
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
e
t
o
f
a
l
g
e
b
r
a
i
c
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
a
t
r
i
x
A
s
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
J
a
c
o
b
i
a
n
m
a
t
r
i
x
m
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
A
C
b
y
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
D
A
E
s
y
s
t
e
m
(21) [20]
,
y
x
A
y
x
g
g
f
f
x
C
y
x
y
x
]
[
0
(21)
B
y
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
l
g
e
b
r
a
i
c
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
,
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
u
s
A
s
of
t
h
e
m
a
t
r
i
x
i
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
2
)
.
T
h
i
s
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
i
m
p
l
i
c
i
t
l
y
a
s
s
u
m
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
n
o
s
i
n
g
u
l
a
r
i
t
y
-
i
n
d
u
c
e
d
b
i
f
u
r
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
[15]
,
x
y
y
x
S
G
G
F
F
A
1
(22)
w
h
e
n
t
h
i
s
m
a
t
r
i
x
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
,
w
e
c
a
n
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
e
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
S
-
d
o
m
a
i
n
.
I
f
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
e
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
s
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
z
e
r
o
,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
s
t
a
b
l
e
.
2.7.2
.
Fast
volta
ge
s
t
ab
il
ity
i
ndex
One
of
the
sta
bili
ty
ind
ic
es
use
d
to
ens
ur
e
s
afe
bus
loading
in
this
stud
y
is
the
fast
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
ind
e
x (F
VS
I
) [
21
]
,
as
def
i
ned,
X
V
Q
Z
F
V
SI
i
j
ij
2
2
4
(23)
i
f
the
value
of
FV
S
I
is
cl
os
e
to
1.0
0,
this
in
di
cat
es
that
the
li
ne
is
app
r
oac
hing
the
point
of
insta
bili
ty
,
and
if
the
am
ou
nt
e
xc
eeds
1.0
0,
a
s
udde
n
vo
lt
a
ge
dro
p
ca
n
occur
on
on
e
of
t
he
bu
s
es
c
onnecte
d
to
the
li
ne,
c
ausin
g
the syst
em
to
colla
ps
e.
2.7.3
.
Li
ne
sta
bil
ity
f
ac
to
r
In
(
24)
giv
es
a
n
ex
pressi
on
f
or
t
he
li
ne
sta
bi
li
t
y
factor
(L
QP
)
,
wh
ic
h
is
app
li
ed
to
[22]
to
ens
ure
the
syst
e
m
stabil
ity i
nd
e
x
if
the
va
lue is le
ss t
ha
n
1.00,
j
i
i
i
ij
Q
P
V
X
V
X
L
Q
P
2
2
2
4
(24)
2.8
.
Br
ie
f d
es
cri
pt
ion
of
NSGA
-
II
T
h
e
te
chn
i
qu
e
us
e
d
to
s
olv
e
the
op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
on
prob
le
m
(MO)
is
a
va
riant
of
t
he
non
-
do
m
ina
t
ed
-
bas
e
d
gen
et
ic
al
gorithm
,
and
is
cal
l
ed
the
non
-
dom
ina
t
ed
so
rtin
g
ge
netic
al
go
r
it
h
m
II
(N
S
GA
-
I
I)
[
23
]
.
T
he
proce
s
s
of
the
NSG
A
I
I
al
gorit
hm
ca
n
be
s
umm
ariz
ed.
First,
t
he
popula
ti
on
is
ini
ti
al
iz
ed
and
sorte
d
acc
ordi
ng
to
th
e
obj
ect
ive
func
ti
on
,
base
d
on
the
no
n
-
do
m
i
nation
of
eac
h
fron
t.
Each
P
areto
fron
t
a
nd
in
div
i
du
al
is
then
ranke
d
seq
uent
ia
lly,
based
on
the
non
-
do
m
inati
on
crit
eri
on.
T
he
first
f
r
on
t
an
d
in
div
i
du
al
s
who
do
m
inate
oth
e
rs
are
assi
gn
e
d
ra
nk
1.
F
ur
t
her
m
or
e,
th
e
second
f
ront
do
m
inate
s
the
oth
e
rs
exce
pt
f
or
the
fi
rst
fro
nt
ranks
seco
nd
a
nd
s
o
on.
The
cr
owd
ed
distance
a
ppr
oac
h
is
app
li
ed
to
oth
e
r
m
e
m
ber
s
of
the
sa
m
e
Pareto
fro
nt,
wit
h
the
sam
e
non
-
do
m
inant
ra
nk
are
t
hen
gi
ve
n
a
distance
w
ho
s
e
value
is
assigne
d
t
o
i
ndivid
uals
i
n
th
e
sam
e
Pareto
fro
nt
[
24
]
.
Finall
y,
the
par
e
nts
an
d
offsprin
g
a
r
e
com
bin
ed
t
o
f
orm
a
po
pula
ti
on
,
an
d
f
uture
gen
e
rati
ons
ar
e
sel
ect
ed
fr
om
this
po
pula
ti
on
as
desc
ribe
d
in
[25].
To
f
ind
the
be
st
sol
ution
f
ro
m
the
set
of
po
s
sible
s
olu
ti
on
s
that
m
eet
t
he
c
onflic
ti
ng
obj
ect
ives
of
t
he
P
areto
f
r
on
t
,
a
fuzzy
set
with
f
ull
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
is
consi
der
e
d
t
he best c
om
pr
om
i
se so
l
ution (CS
)
[
25]
.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
D
IS
C
USS
ION
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
scenario
s
wer
e
m
od
el
ed
t
o
pro
ve
the
ef
ficacy
of
t
he
pr
opose
d
a
ppro
a
ch
,
us
in
g
bo
t
h
a
m
od
ifie
d
IEEE
14
-
bu
s
sta
nda
rd
te
st
syst
em
[26
]
,
[
27]
and
a
pr
act
ic
al
te
st
syst
e
m
,
wh
ic
h
in
this
case
w
as
the
Ind
on
esi
a
Java
-
Ba
li
24
-
bus
syst
e
m
[2
2].
F
urt
her
m
or
e,
on
e
ty
pe
of
wind
fiel
d
as
W
TG
,
DF
I
G,
can
tra
ns
m
it
la
rg
e
am
ou
nts
of
act
ive
po
we
r
to
the
syst
e
m
and
co
nsum
es
and
pro
duces
reacti
ve
powe
r
.
The
shu
nt
-
F
ACTS
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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on
esi
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m
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Sci
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S
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02
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4752
Op
ti
m
al inte
grati
on o
f w
i
nd e
ner
gy
wi
th
a
s
hunt
-
FAC
T
S
c
ontroll
er fo
r re
duct
ions i
n…
(
I
Ma
de
W
ar
ta
na
)
7
con
t
ro
l
syst
em
,
SV
C
,
is
op
ti
m
al
ly
instal
le
d
on
the
gr
id
to
co
ntr
ol
the
syst
em
's
sta
bili
ty
and
sec
ur
it
y
du
e
to
the
M
L
B
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
In
orde
r
t
o
in
ve
sti
gate
the
M
L
B
syst
e
m
wh
il
e
m
ini
m
izing
P
loss
by
m
ai
nta
ining
va
rio
us
s
ecur
it
y
and
sta
bili
ty
syst
e
m
s
in
the
integrate
d
WT
G
base
d
DF
I
G
with
SV
C
co
ntr
ollers
int
o
t
he
gr
i
d,
a
sim
ulati
on
base
d
on
N
S
GA
-
I
I
wa
s
de
velo
ped,
f
or
s
ever
al
s
ce
nar
i
os
:
(a)
t
he
ba
se
case,
with
out
W
T
G
or
S
VC;
(
b)
Scena
rio 1,
w
it
h WT
G on
ly
; (
c) S
ce
nar
i
o 2, wit
h
S
VC
only
; and (
d) Sce
na
rio 3,
w
it
h
W
T
G
a
nd S
VC.
3.1.
IEE
E
14
-
bus
s
ystem
3.1.
1.
B
as
e c
ase
:
w
ith
ou
t
W
TG or
FACT
S c
ontr
oller
s
W
i
t
h
the
NS
G
A
-
II
te
ch
nique
in
the
base
case
conditi
on
,
th
e
gr
id
is
no
t
co
nn
ect
e
d
to W
T
G
an
d
SVC
.
A
Pa
reto
f
ront
is
obta
ined
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
Fi
gur
e
3.
It
ca
n
be
s
een
from
the
figure
t
hat
the
MLB
syst
e
m
and
the
m
ini
m
u
m
P
loss
wer
e
14
9.59%
and
0.162
5
p.u
,
resp
ect
ively
.
Howe
ver,
the
best
CS,
al
thou
gh
ob
ta
ine
d
by
P
loss
,
was
sli
ghtl
y l
ower t
ha
n
the
pr
evio
us
res
ult o
f
1.1
70
4
p.u
, b
ut w
it
h a m
eager
MLB
syst
e
m
o
f
only
114.
40%.
In
this case, al
l sy
stem
stabil
it
y is
not c
on
si
der
e
d.
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
P
a
r
e
t
o
f
r
o
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
c
a
s
e
3.1.2
. Sce
n
ario 1: WT
G
on
l
y
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
s
how
s
the
best
CS
f
ro
m
the
place
m
ent
of
WT
G
on
bus
8,
with
act
ive
an
d
rea
ct
ive
powe
r
capaci
ti
es
of
49.
91
M
W
a
nd
-
11.56
MV
Ar
,
resp
ect
ively
.
In
this
case,
a
ll
the
sta
bility
lim
it
s
are
sat
i
sfied.
Me
anwhil
e,
th
e
placem
ent
of
W
TG
on
the
sam
e
bu
s
pr
oduces
the
best
P
loss
of
0.1
772
p.u,
al
th
ough
it
can
on
ly
im
pr
ove
the
MLB
syst
e
m
11
2.24
%
,
w
hich
is
t
he
lo
w
est
in
Sce
nar
i
o
1.
A
n
MLB
sy
st
e
m
of
157.0
8%
an
d
P
loss
of
0.4
885
p.u
we
re
al
s
o
ob
ta
ine
d
w
he
n
instal
li
ng
the
WT
G
on
bus
14;
these
we
re
t
he
highest
val
ues
i
n
this
scenari
o.
These
res
ults
are
m
or
e
extensive
tha
n
the
resu
lt
s
obta
ine
d
f
or
the
base
scenari
o.
T
he
syst
e
m
sta
bili
ty
in
the
form
o
f
a
s
m
all
sign
al
on
the
best
CS,
sta
te
d
by
the
S
fiel
d's
neg
at
ive
ei
ge
nv
al
ues,
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
5.
T
his
value
pro
ves
t
hat
instal
la
ti
on
of
t
he
WTG
a
t
the
best
locat
ion
guara
ntees
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the
gr
i
d
syst
em
. Th
e
gr
a
phs in
th
e figure
only
in
cl
ud
e
real
ei
ge
nv
al
ues of l
ess
than
-
3
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
P
a
r
e
t
o
f
r
o
n
t
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
ab
-
cd
8
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
E
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
1
3.1.3
. Sce
n
ario 2: SV
C onl
y
Figure
6
il
lustr
at
es
the
best
so
luti
on
obta
ine
d
by
placi
ng
th
e
SV
C
on
buse
s
9
an
d
5,
with
set
ti
ng
s
of
0.01
an
d
1.0
9
p.u.
T
he
place
m
ent
of
t
he
s
hunt
-
FA
C
TS
on
these
tw
o
bus
es
pro
vid
es
the
best
MLB
syst
e
m
and
the
best
P
loss
,
with
val
ues
of
181.64%
an
d
0.
55
62
p.u.,
r
especti
vely
.
T
he
best
value
ob
ta
ine
d
f
or
P
loss
was
sli
gh
tl
y
higher
than
that
obta
ined
in
Scen
ar
io
1.
Me
a
nwhi
le
,
the
best
C
S
from
the
MLB
syst
e
m
s
and
P
loss
wer
e
124.1
6%
and
0.2
041
p.u
,
res
pecti
vely
,
with
the
op
ti
m
al
place
m
ent
of
the
S
VC
on
bu
s
13
wit
h
a
set
ti
ng
of 0.2
529; t
his
sat
isfie
s the sm
al
l
-
sign
al
sta
bili
ty
co
ns
trai
nt, a
s sho
wn in Fi
gure
7.
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
P
a
r
e
t
o
f
r
o
n
t
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
2
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
E
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Op
ti
m
al inte
grati
on o
f w
i
nd e
ner
gy
wi
th
a
s
hunt
-
FAC
T
S
c
ontroll
er fo
r re
duct
ions i
n…
(
I
Ma
de
W
ar
ta
na
)
9
3.1.4 Sce
na
ri
o 3
:
WTG
and
SVC
A
su
m
m
ary
of
the
extrem
e
po
ints
of
the
op
tim
a
l
so
luti
on
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
8,
with
the
opti
m
al
placem
ent
of
WT
G
on
bu
s
3
with
act
ive
a
nd
reacti
ve
pow
er
res
pecti
vely
52.93
M
W
an
d
-
23.
20
M
VAr
a
nd
instal
li
ng
S
VC
on
bus
7
with
a
set
ti
ng
of
0.6
144.
p.u
obta
ined
the
be
st
CS
with
t
he
MLB
syst
em
was
126.2
5%
an
d
P
loss
0.
24
29
p.u.
T
he
fi
gure
a
lso
sho
ws
that
the
instal
la
ti
on
of
the
SV
C
on
bu
se
s
9
a
nd
5
with
a
locat
ion
with
t
he
WTG
locat
ion
in
the
sam
e
optim
al
place,
nam
el
y
on
bu
s
4,
gi
ves
the
be
st
MLB
syst
em
and
P
loss
syst
e
m
s,
with
values
of
182.7
9%
0.2
167
p.u,
re
sp
e
ct
ively
.
The
be
st
CS
re
su
lt
s
are
highe
r
th
an
f
or
Scena
rios
1
a
nd
2.
Fi
gure
9
de
picts
the
ei
gen
val
ues
an
d
shows
that
the
syst
e
m
is
sta
ble
unde
r
al
l
con
di
ti
on
s
.
Figures
10
an
d
11
show
the
vo
lt
age
an
d
li
ne
sta
bili
ty
in
dices,
an
d
it
can
be
seen
th
a
t
fo
r
al
l
scenar
ios,
the
FV
S
I
a
nd
LP
Q
ha
ve
val
ues
of
le
ss
than
1.0
0.
This
c
onditi
on
ens
ur
es
t
hat
no
li
nes
will
be
ov
e
rloa
de
d
an
d
tha
t
no buses
w
il
l c
ollapse
due to
ov
e
rloa
ding.
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
.
P
a
r
e
t
o
f
r
o
n
t
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
3
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
.
E
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
3
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
0
.
F
V
S
I
f
o
r
a
l
l
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
ab
-
cd
10
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
1
.
L
Q
P
f
o
r
a
l
l
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
3.2.
In
donesi
a Jav
a
-
B
ali 2
4
-
bus
system
The
m
e
t
h
o
d
dev
el
op
e
d
here
was
al
s
o
s
uc
cessf
ully
te
st
ed
on
t
he
I
nd
on
e
sia
n
Ja
va
-
Ba
li
24
-
bu
s
pr
act
ic
al
te
st
syst
e
m
[2
0]
for
al
l
the
scenarios
descr
i
bed
a
bove
.
Fig
ur
e
12
pr
ese
nts
the
Pa
reto
f
ront
res
ul
ts
fo
r
Scena
rio
3,
an
d
it
can
be
seen
that
the
opti
m
al
place
m
ent
of
t
he
S
VC
is
on
bus
16
with
a
set
ti
ng
of
0.614
4
p.u.
a
nd
th
e
in
sta
ll
at
ion
of
th
e
W
TG
i
n
the
best
locat
ion
on
bus
13
wit
h
a
siz
e
of
61.
64
M
W
an
d
−
22.39
MVar
giv
es
t
he
op
ti
m
al
M
L
B
syst
e
m
and
P
loss
of
130.6
3%
an
d
1.2
05%
,
res
pecti
vely
f
or
t
he
be
st
CS
resu
lt
s.
Fr
o
m
the
sam
e
fig
ur
e
,
it
can be
obser
ve
d
that
with
the
integ
r
at
ion
o
f
WT
G
on
bus 13
with
a
capaci
ty
of
61.
64
M
W
an
d
−2
2.39
MVa
r
an
d
the
SV
C
instal
la
ti
on
on
bus
19
with
a
set
tin
g
of
0.
9128
p.u,
the
MLB
syst
e
m
reaches
15
8.54%, a
nd the
val
ue of
P
loss
obta
ined
is
2,3
27%
.
The
e
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
sh
own
in
Figu
re
13
pro
ve
that
the
syst
e
m
is
st
able
unde
r
al
l
con
diti
ons.
Si
m
ultaneo
us
ly
,
the
FV
SI
a
nd
L
PQ
in
dic
es
fo
r
t
he
pr
a
ct
ic
al
te
s
t
syste
m
in
al
l
sce
nar
i
os
are
sho
wn
i
n
Figures
14 a
nd 15, res
pecti
vel
y. The
r
es
ults
pro
ve
that
t
he
s
yst
e
m
is stable i
n
the MLB
syst
e
m
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
P
a
r
e
t
o
f
r
o
n
t
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
3
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
J
a
v
a
-
B
a
l
i
2
4
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
3
.
E
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
3
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
J
a
v
a
-
B
a
l
i
2
4
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.