Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of
El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1161
~
1166
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
1161
-
1
166
1161
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A
s
tud
y
of
s
p
ec
i
fic
absorp
tion r
ate
in
h
um
an
head d
ue to
e
lect
ro
m
ag
n
etic
e
xposure
to
4G si
gn
als
Siti R
ok
i
ah
A
bdul
Mutalik
1
,
M
ohd H
afi
zuddin
M
at
2
,
Muz
ammil
Ju
so
h
3
,
A. W
. N.
Hus
n
a
4
1
,3
School
of
Co
m
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Enginee
ring
,
Univ
ersit
i
M
al
a
y
si
a
Per
l
is (
UniMA
P),
Malay
si
a
2
Cent
re
for
Dip
l
om
a
Studie
s,
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
s
ia Perl
is
(UniMA
P),
Mal
a
y
s
ia
4
School
of El
ec
t
ric
a
l
S
y
s
te
m
s E
n
gine
er
ing, Univers
it
i
Ma
lay
sia
Pe
rli
s (UniMA
P),
Malay
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
25
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
2
6
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
1
3
, 201
8
Thi
s
pape
r
pre
s
ent
s
a
num
eri
cal
ana
l
y
sis
of
the
spec
ifi
c
absorpti
on
rate
i
n
SA
M
phant
om
expose
d
to
el
e
ctrom
agne
ti
c
fi
el
d
.
A
two
set
dip
ole
antenn
a
oper
ating
with
1800MH
z
and
2
600MH
z
were
p
la
c
ed
par
allel
to
the
z
-
ax
is
and
rota
t
ed
in
cl
ockwise
from
0
o
(ve
rti
cal)
to
180
o
in
steps
of
30
o
to
inve
stigate
the
e
ffe
ct
of
fr
eque
n
c
y
and
pol
ari
z
ation.
Th
e
m
axi
m
um
ave
rag
e
of
1gra
m
and
1
0gra
m
of
ti
ss
ue
have
b
ee
n
pr
es
ent
ed
to
show
t
he
eff
ec
t
of
SA
R
in
SA
M
p
hant
om
m
odel
.
A
compari
son
o
f
the
m
ass
ave
r
age
SA
R
in
hea
d
show
s
the
1g
of
SA
R
at
2
600MH
z
is
d
ouble
to
1800MH
z
fre
que
n
c
y
.
W
hil
e
for
10g
of
SA
R,
slight
l
y
di
ffe
ren
t
for
bo
th 1800M
Hz
and
2
600MH
z.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Bi
olect
ro
m
agnet
ic
Ele
ct
ro
m
agn
et
ic
f
ie
ld
Ele
ct
ro
m
agn
et
ic
f
ie
lds e
ff
e
ct
s
In
-
bo
dy co
m
m
un
ic
at
io
ns
SA
R
Sp
eci
fic a
bsor
ption rate
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Mohd
Haf
iz
uddin
Mat
,
Ce
ntre fo
r Dipl
om
a Stud
ie
s,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s
(
U
niMAP
)
,
S2
-
L1
-
26,
Ka
m
pu
s U
niC
ITI
Alam
Sg
. Chuc
huh
,
Chu
c
huh,
0210
0
Pa
da
ng Besa
r
(
U), Pe
rlis, M
al
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
haf
iz
uddin
m
at
@u
nim
ap.
e
du.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Nowa
days,
hum
an
healt
h
ha
s
bee
n
to
pical
ly
a
hef
ty
portion
due
t
o
cel
l
phones
im
pacts.
Sinc
e
cel
l
phone
are
i
ncrea
sing
ly
sop
histi
cat
ed,
there
has
be
en
bo
t
h
sci
entifi
c
an
d
public
rem
ark
that
the
hum
an
healt
h
can
be
unfa
vor
ably
influ
e
nce
by
rad
ia
ti
on
f
r
om
cell
ph
one
s
[1]
-
[11]
.
S
om
e
research
e
r
has
disc
us
se
d
t
hat
the
couplin
g
of
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
em
itted
by
cel
l
phones
m
igh
t
cau
se
i
m
pact
to
hu
m
an
head
beca
use
a
s
known
,
cel
l
ph
on
e
s
can
pro
du
ced
a
propo
rtio
n
of
ra
dio
f
requen
cy
e
nergy
that
can
be
a
bsor
be
d
in
hu
m
an
hea
d
[4
]
,
[
11]
,
[12]
.
In
Co
oper
’s
re
search
[7]
co
nc
lud
es
that
m
et
a
ll
ic
i
m
p
la
nt
in
head
ca
n
inc
re
ased
the
S
AR
value.
Wh
il
e
Wh
it
tow’
s
[
11]
,
[12]
,
the
sp
eci
fic
absor
ption
rate
(S
AR
)
l
evel
can
be
af
fected
by
the
j
ewell
ery
and
m
et
al
l
ic
r
ing
i
n h
um
an
head
[
13
]
,
[
14
]
.
Sp
eci
fic
a
bsor
ption
is
de
fin
ed
as
the
qu
ot
i
ent
of
t
he
in
crem
ental
ener
gy
(
dE
)
a
bs
orbe
d
by
an
increm
ental
mass
(d
m
)
con
ta
ined
in
a
volu
m
e
(d
V)
of
a
gi
ven
de
ns
it
y
(ρ).
H
oweve
r,
s
pe
ci
fic
absorp
ti
on
rate
(S
AR
)
is
de
fin
ed
as
the
rate
of
e
nergy
(
dE
)
abs
orbed
or
di
ssipate
d
in
an
i
ncr
em
ental
m
a
ss
(
dm
)
con
t
ai
ned
i
n
an
increm
ental
vo
lum
e
(d
V
)
of
a
gi
ve
n
de
nsi
ty
(ρ
)
[1]
-
[
3],
[5]
-
[10],
[
15]
-
[
31
]
.
Ma
them
at
ic
al
ly
,
SA
R
can
be
expresse
d
i
n w
at
t per
kilo
gr
a
m
(
W
/k
g) as
dV
dE
dt
d
dm
dE
dt
d
S
A
R
(1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1161
–
1
166
1162
Howe
ver,
the
SA
R
f
or
s
peci
fyi
ng
the
rad
i
ofre
qu
e
ncy
abs
orptio
n
by
ti
ssu
e
can
be
cal
culat
ed
at
any
locat
ion
i
n
t
he t
issue fro
m
the elect
ric fiel
d (
E)
as
sho
wn b
e
low:
2
E
S
A
R
(2)
Wh
e
re
:
σ
=
Cond
uctivit
y (
S/
m
)
ρ
=
Ma
ss d
e
ns
it
y (
kg
/m
3
)
E
=
root m
ean squa
re
(
rm
s)(
V/m
)
Av
e
ra
ged
SAR
lim
it
s
has
been
rec
ommende
d
by
I
ntern
at
io
nal
Com
m
issi
on
on
N
on
-
I
oniz
in
g
Ra
diati
on
P
ro
t
ect
ion
(
ICN
IR
P)
f
or
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
dev
ic
es
that
the
S
AR
sho
uld
be
le
ss
than
2W
/kg
f
or
aver
a
ge
d
10g
m
ass
of
ti
ssu
e
(S
AR
10g
)
[
32]
-
[39]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
fo
r
1g
of
ti
ssue
(S
AR
1g
),
t
he
In
sti
tute
of
Ele
ct
rical
and Ele
ct
r
on
ic
s Enginee
rs (I
EEE) has
sets
a sli
gh
tl
y st
rict
er lim
it
v
al
ue wh
ic
h
is
1.6 W
/kg
[
40
]
.
In
t
his
pap
e
r,
inv
e
sti
gation
on
the
ef
fect
of
S
AR
in
hum
an
head
at
ear
m
od
el
w
it
h
dif
fer
e
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
an
d
p
ola
rizat
ion
.
S
ince
the
possib
le
us
es
of
cel
l
phones
nea
r
to
ear
can
be
ef
f
ect
on
hum
an
healt
h
has
been
to
pical
ov
e
r
the
la
s
t
sever
al
ye
ar
s
beca
us
e
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
de
vices
w
hic
h
is
cel
l
phones
pro
duces
rad
i
ofreque
ncy ene
rg
y t
hat ca
n be e
ff
ect
t
o h
um
an.
2.
RESE
A
R
CH MET
HO
D
2.1.
Simul
at
i
on
and R
ad
i
of
re
que
ncy
E
xposure
The
m
od
el
li
ng
and
cal
c
ulati
on
s
of
EM
fi
el
ds
we
re
car
r
ie
d
out
by
usi
ng
Com
pu
te
r
Si
m
ulati
on
Tech
no
l
og
y
M
ic
rowav
e
St
udio
(CST
M
WS)
.
Tim
e
do
m
ai
n
So
l
ver
(
T
DM)
ha
s
bee
n
us
ed
t
o
sim
ul
at
e
the
desig
n
be
fore
the
Sp
eci
fic
Absorptio
n
Ra
te
(S
AR)
been
cal
culat
ed.
By
usi
ng
IE
EE/IEC
62704
-
1
aver
a
ging
m
et
ho
d,
t
he
re
fer
e
nce
po
wer
for
this
ex
per
i
m
ent
are
def
in
ed
as
outp
ut
powe
r
at
1W
(rm
s).
The
head
ti
ssu
e
densi
ty
h
as
bee
n defi
ned as
1000kg/m
3
.
These
researc
h
wer
e
ca
rr
ie
d
out
to
isolat
e
th
e
relat
ive
eff
e
c
t
of
the
RF
ex
posure
to
hum
a
n
hea
d
with
diff
e
re
nt
fr
e
qu
encies
an
d
pol
arizat
ion
s.
I
n
this
pro
j
ect
,
dipole
anten
nas
be
en
ch
os
e
n
as
a
sta
nd
a
rd
iz
e
d
so
urce
with
a
sin
gle
pola
rizat
ion
sin
ce
the
a
re
m
an
y
dif
fer
e
nt
RF
sourc
es.
The
r
efore,
the
sim
u
la
ti
on
ca
n
be
c
le
arly
bein
g
a
naly
ze.
Tw
o
a
nten
na
s
we
re
us
ed
by
co
ns
ide
re
d
each
a
nten
na
with
1800M
Hz
a
nd
26
00MHz
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
re
s
pecti
vely
.
The
feed
po
i
nt
of
a
nten
nas
was
l
oc
at
ed
in
a
2mm
ai
r
gap
betw
een
the
di
po
le
halves
const
ru
ct
e
d
by
us
in
g
p
er
fect
el
ect
ric
con
du
ct
or
s
(
PEC).
T
he
diam
et
er
fo
r
bo
t
h
ante
nn
a
has
fixe
d
to
1.8m
m
.
Figure
1
s
how
the d
ia
gr
am
o
f
dipole ante
nna.
Figure
1
.
Dia
gra
m
o
f di
pole
a
nten
na desig
n
w
he
re
:
D
=
diam
e
te
r
of w
i
re (
m
m
)
g
=
ai
r
ga
p (m
m
)
L
=
le
ng
th
of
half
wav
e
d
i
po
le
(
m
m
)
a
=
Accele
rati
on
of the
ob
j
ect
A
hal
f
wa
ve
di
po
le
ante
nna
with
18
00
M
H
z
and
2600M
Hz
wa
s
desi
gned
with
le
ngth
of
half
wa
ve
dipole, L
74.7
8m
m
an
d
51.
5mm
, r
especti
vely
.
2.2.
Head Ph
antom
Sp
eci
fic
A
nthr
opom
or
phic
Ma
nn
e
quin
(
SAM
)
phant
om
h
ead
has
bee
n
us
e
d
as
the
he
ad
m
od
el
i
n
this
pap
e
r
beca
us
e
it
is
the
stan
da
r
d
hea
d
for
SA
R
inv
est
iga
ti
on
.
I
n
hum
an
head
sh
a
pe
d
phant
om
,
has
a
sh
el
l
fill
ed
with
a
ti
ssu
e
sim
ulati
ng
li
qu
i
d
(T
SL).
The
T
SL
ar
e
r
ep
rese
nt
the
aver
a
ge
diele
ct
ric
pro
per
ti
es
of
t
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A stu
dy of s
pec
if
ic
a
bsorp
ti
on
ra
te
in
hu
man head
due to
ele
ct
r
oma
gn
et
ic
...
(
Siti
Ro
ki
ah A
bdul M
uta
li
k)
1163
hu
m
an
hea
d.
The
ou
te
r
s
hell
of
t
he
S
AM
ph
a
nto
m
head
has
bee
n
fi
xe
d
relat
ive
pe
r
m
itti
vity
with
3.7
a
nd
0.000
16S/m
fo
r
el
ect
rical
c
onduct
ivit
y.
T
he
diele
ct
ric
pro
per
ti
es
of
the
TS
L
for
bo
t
h
1800MH
z
an
d
2600MH
z
are
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble 1
.
Table
1
.
T
he
Di
el
ect
ric Pr
oper
ti
es o
f TSL
f
o
r
1800MHz
a
nd 2600MHz
F
re
qu
e
ncy
Frequ
en
cy
(
MHz
)
Relativ
e Per
m
ittiv
i
ty
Electr
i
cal con
d
u
ctiv
ity
(
S/
m
)
1800
4
0
.0
1
.4
2600
3
9
.0
1
.96
Hen
ce
,
the
S
AM
ph
a
nto
m
head
m
od
el
w
ere
at
ta
ched
with
dipole
an
te
nn
as
.
The
a
nten
nas
we
re
desig
ne
d
f
or
both
1800MHz
and
26
00
M
Hz
with
2mm
ai
r
ga
p,
g,
diam
e
te
r
of
wire,
D
1.8m
m
.
Wh
il
e
for
le
ng
th
of
half wave
d
i
po
le
,
L
f
or
1800MHz
and 26
00
M
Hz fre
qu
e
ncy a
re
74.78m
m
an
d 51.5mm
, r
espe
ct
ively
.
The dip
o
le
a
ntenn
a
locate
d w
it
h
0.1m
m
b
et
ween di
po
le
a
nt
enn
as
and ea
r of SAM
pha
nto
m
are
fixe
d.
Figure 2
s
how
the
S
AM
pha
nto
m
head
m
od
e
l
at
ta
ched
w
it
h
dipole
a
nten
na
in
0
o
.
T
he
dipole
ante
nn
a
is set
in verti
ca
ll
y t
o
head a
nd w
il
l be
r
otate
u
ntil
18
0
o
in
steps of
3
0
o
.
Figure
2
.
The
SA
M
ph
a
nt
om
hea
d
m
od
el
w
i
th d
i
po
le
a
nte
nna
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
In
orde
r
to
stu
dy
the
e
ff
ect
of
18
00
M
Hz
a
nd
26
00MHz
frequ
e
ncy
to
hu
m
an
hea
d,
th
e
m
axi
m
u
m
m
ass
aver
a
ge
d
for
1g
a
nd
10g
of
S
AR
i
n
hea
d
was
in
ve
sti
gated.
T
he
dipole
a
nten
na
was
c
hose
n
in
this
pro
j
ect
is
1800MHz
a
nd
2600
M
Hz
f
re
qu
e
ncy.
T
he
f
re
quency
was
c
om
m
on
ly
in
use
d
in
m
any
countrie
s
includi
ng Mal
ay
sia
.
Firstl
y
,
par
al
le
l
to
z
-
axis
(0
o
)
the
di
pole
an
te
nn
a
will
be
r
otate
d
in
cl
oc
kwise
from
0
o
(v
erti
cal
)
to
180
o
in
st
eps
of
30
o
(
wh
il
e
in
90
o
is
par
al
le
l
to
the
y
-
axis).
Th
e
var
ia
ti
on
s
of
dipole
anten
na
an
gle
wer
e
t
o
inv
est
igate
t
he worst ca
se
sit
ua
ti
on
. I
n
this
pa
per,
1W h
as
bee
n fixe
d
as
ou
tpu
t
powe
r.
Figure
3
an
d
4
sh
ows
the
res
ul
t
fo
r
bo
t
h
1800MHz
an
d
26
00MHz
f
reque
nc
y
fo
r
SA
R
1g
r
especti
vely
.
The
pea
k
a
verage
S
AR
1g
wa
s
at
60
o
f
or
1800MHz
w
hile
for
2600M
Hz
at
120
o
w
it
h
28.36
4W
/
kg
an
d
41.97
41W/k
g
resp
ect
ively
.
Howe
ver,
at
30
o
to
120
o
has
li
t
tl
e
eff
ect
on
m
ass
aver
ag
ed
SA
R
f
or
1800MHz
fr
e
qu
e
ncy sam
e as at
2600MHz
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
the ef
fect t
o av
erag
e
m
ass SAR
h
as li
tt
le
eff
e
ct
.
Figure
3. The
m
axi
m
u
m
SA
R
1g
as a fu
nction o
f dip
ole’s
anten
na’
s
rotat
ion
a
ngle
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
SAR
1
g
(W
/Kg
)
Ro
tatio
n
Ang
le Of
Dipo
le (
Deg
ree)
1
8
0
0
MH
z
2
6
0
0
MH
z
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1161
–
1
166
1164
for bo
t
h 180
0M
Hz
a
nd 26
00MHz
Figure
4
.
The
m
axi
m
u
m
SA
R
10g
as a fun
ct
i
on of
dipole’s
anten
na’
s
rotat
ion
a
ng
le
for bo
t
h 180
0M
Hz
a
nd 26
00MHz
It
sho
uld
be
no
te
d
that
i
n
this
pap
e
r,
the
SAR
values
wit
h
t
he
dipole
s
our
ces
are
hi
gh
e
r
t
han
al
lowe
d
in
the
sta
nda
rds.
This
is
par
tl
y
du
e
to
al
l
th
e
si
m
ulati
on
s
wer
e
norm
al
ized
to
1
W
at
t
outp
ut
powe
r
w
it
h
half
-
wav
e
d
i
po
le
a
nt
enn
as
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
S
AM
phantom
head
ha
s
bee
n
use
d
in
this
pap
e
r
wh
ic
h
is
the
sta
nd
a
r
d
hea
d
f
or
S
AR
inv
est
igati
on.
The
RF
s
ourc
es
was
1800
MHz
an
d
2600MHz
fr
e
quen
cy
wit
h
half
-
wav
e
dipole
a
nten
nas.
This
pap
e
r
has
show
n
how
th
e
SA
R
i
n
th
e
he
ad
ca
n
be
e
ff
e
ct
ed
by
fr
e
que
ncy
an
d
pola
ri
zat
ion
.
It
ca
n
be
seen
that
cel
l
phon
e
us
a
ge
nea
r
to
hu
m
an
ear,
ca
n
be
le
ad
to
ris
k
of
hu
m
an
he
al
th.
The
m
ai
n
of
t
his
resea
rc
h
is
to
stud
y
the
effe
c
t
of
cel
l
ph
one
s
us
age
near
to
hu
m
an
ear
can
be
ef
fected
by
the
SA
R
abs
orptio
n
with
di
ff
e
ren
t
fr
e
qu
e
ncy a
nd
po
la
rizat
ion
.
In
c
on
cl
us
io
n,
the
res
ult
sh
ows
the
m
axi
m
um
SA
R
that
ob
ta
in
is
m
uch
higher
tha
n
st
and
a
r
d
lim
it
value
w
hich
is
1.6
W
/
K
g
a
nd
2W
/
Kg
ove
r
f
or
1g
of
ti
ssu
e
an
d
10g
of
ti
s
su
e
res
pecti
vely
.
The
in
vestig
at
ion
will
p
r
ocee
d w
it
h
m
e
ta
l
-
e
m
bed
de
d
i
n
ea
r pro
sthesis e
xposur
e to
4G sig
nals
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
In
this
pro
j
ec
t,
the
fina
nci
al
su
pport
by
the
Fun
dam
ental
Re
searc
h
G
ran
t
Sc
he
m
e
(F
RGS),
FRGS/1/
2016/
TK
04
/
UNIMA
P/02
/
2
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
P.
Berna
rdi
,
e
t
al.
,
“
SA
R
Distribut
ion
and
Tem
per
at
ure
In
crease
in
an
Ana
to
m
ic
al
Model
of
the
Hum
an
E
ye
Exposed
to
th
e
F
ie
ld
Radiate
d
b
y
the
Us
er
Antenn
a
in
a
W
ire
l
ess L
AN
,
”
vol
/
issue:
46
(
12
)
,
pp
.
2074
–
2082,
1998
.
[2]
K.
Stergi
ou,
e
t
al.
,
“
Eff
e
ct
s
of
m
et
a
ll
i
c
sem
i
-
rimm
ed
spec
ta
cles
on
SA
R
in
the
h
ea
d
from
a
900MH
z
fronta
l
dip
ole
source
,
”
pp.
721
–
724,
2009
.
[3]
C.
J.
P.
and
J.
C.
V.
W
.
G.
W
hit
tow,
R.
M.
Edwa
rds,
“
Eff
ec
t
of
to
ngue
je
we
le
r
y
a
nd
orthodont
ist
m
et
al
lic
bra
ce
s
o
n
the
SA
R
due
to
m
obil
e
phones i
n
diffe
r
ent a
n
at
o
m
ic
al
hum
an
he
ad
m
odel
s
in
cl
u
ding
ch
il
dre
n
,
”
p
p.
293
–
296
,
200
8.
[4]
J.
S.
R
ahha
l
,
“
Mobile Phone
An
t
enna
wi
th
R
educed
Rad
ia
t
ion int
o
Inne
r
Ea
r
,
”
pp.
474
–
484,
2014.
[5]
M.
H.
Mat
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Corre
l
ation
Anal
y
sis
on
the
Speci
fi
c
Abs
orpt
ion
Rate
(
SA
R
)
bet
we
en
Met
allic
Spe
ctac
l
e
an
d
Pins
Exposed
fr
om
Radi
ation
So
urc
es,
”
pp.
452
–
455,
2012
.
[6]
A.
Furelos,
et
al
.
,
“
A
n
Expe
rime
nta
l
Mult
i
-
Frequ
ency
S
y
st
em
Fo
r
Stud
y
ing
Dos
i
m
et
r
y
and
Acu
te
Eff
ects
on
Cel
l
and
Nucl
ea
r
Morpholog
y
in
Rat
Ti
ss
ues,
”
vo
l. 12
9,
pp
.
541
–
558
,
2012.
[7]
J.
Cooper
and
V.
Hom
bac
h,
“
I
ncr
ea
se
in
sp
ec
i
fic
absorpti
on
r
at
e
in
hum
an
h
ea
ds
a
r
ising
fro
m
implant
a
t
ions,
”
vol
/i
ss
ue:
32
(
24
)
,
pp
.
2217
–
2219
,
1996.
[8]
P.
Dim
b
y
low
a
nd
S.
Mann,
“
SA
R
ca
lc
ul
at
io
ns
in
an
an
at
o
m
ic
al
l
y
r
ealistic
m
odel
of
the
hea
d
for
m
obile
comm
unic
at
ion t
ran
sce
iv
ers
a
t
90
0MH
z
and
1
.
8
-
GH
z,
”
vol. 1537,
1994.
[9]
N.
S.
and
L
.
M.
M.
H.
Mat,
et
al.
,
“
Th
e
infu
en
ce
of
hum
an
he
ad
m
odel
wea
r
i
ng
m
et
al
-
fra
m
e
spec
tacle
s
to
th
e
cha
nges
of
SA
R
and
an
te
nn
a
ga
in
:
sim
ula
t
ion
of
fr
onta
l
face exposure,
”
2013.
[10]
W
.
G.
W
hit
tow
and
R.
M.
Edwa
rds,
“
A
Stud
y
of
Change
s
to
Spe
ci
fi
c
Abs
orpti
on
Rat
es
in
the
Hu
m
an
E
y
e
Close
t
o
Per
fec
t
l
y
Condu
ct
ing
Spectac
le
s
W
it
hin
th
e
R
adio Fre
quency
Ra
nge
1.
0
to
3.
0Gh
z,
”
52
(
12
)
,
pp.
3
207
–
3212,
2004
.
0
5
10
15
20
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
SAR
1
0
g
(W
/Kg
)
Ro
tatio
n
Ang
le Of
Dipo
le (
Deg
ree)
1
8
0
0
MH
z
2
6
0
0
MH
z
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A stu
dy of s
pec
if
ic
a
bsorp
ti
on
ra
te
in
hu
man head
due to
ele
ct
r
oma
gn
et
ic
...
(
Siti
Ro
ki
ah A
bdul M
uta
li
k)
1165
[11]
W
.
G.
W
hittow,
et
al
.
,
“
Changes
in
spec
ific
abs
orpti
on
r
at
e
in
t
he
he
ad
du
e
to
m
et
al
lic
g
ap
loo
ps
and
a
sim
ula
t
ed
m
obil
e
phone
so
urc
e
in
a
stud
y
of
the
eff
e
ct
s
of
je
wel
le
r
y
,
”
2008
Loughbr
gh.
Antennas
Propag.
Conf.
LAPC
,
vol
.
1
,
pp
.
197
–
200
,
2008.
[12]
W
.
G.
W
hit
tow,
et
al.
,
“
The
en
erg
y
absorbe
d
i
n
the
hum
an
hea
d
due
to
ring
-
t
y
pe
j
ewe
lr
y
and
fac
e
-
i
ll
um
ina
t
in
g
m
obil
e
phones
using
a
dipol
e
an
d
a
rea
li
sti
c
source
,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ans.
Antennas
Propag.
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
56
(
12
)
,
pp.
3812
–
3817,
2008
.
[13]
S.
R.
A.
Muta
li
k,
e
t
al.
,
“
A
Stud
y
Eff
e
ct
of
Speci
fic
Ab
sorption
Rat
e
i
n
Hum
an
Hea
d
Model
due
to
El
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
Exposure
,
”
J
.
Te
le
commun.
Elec
t
ron.
Comput.
En
g.
,
vol
/i
ss
ue
:
10
(
1
)
,
pp
.
33
–
36
,
2
017.
[14]
M.
H.
Mat
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Preli
m
ina
r
y
st
ud
y
of
elec
troma
gnet
i
c
en
erg
y
ab
sorption
in
th
e
h
ea
d
due
to
the
e
xposure
of
rad
io
fre
quency
a
t
900
MH
z,
”
2012
IEEE
Symposium on
Computers and Inform
ati
cs,
ISC
I
2012
,
pp.
228
–
231
,
2012
.
[15]
A.
Am
j
ad,
et
a
l.
,
“
Pow
er
Depositi
on
Inside
a
Phantom
for
Te
stin
g
of
MRI
Hea
ting,”
vol
/i
ss
ue:
41
(
10
)
,
pp.
4185
–
4187,
2005
.
[16]
S.
A.
Mohs
in,
“
A
sim
ple
EM
mode
l
for
determ
i
ning
the
sca
ttere
d
m
agne
ti
c
r
esona
nce
r
adi
ofr
eq
uency
fi
el
d
of
a
n
implant
ed
m
edi
c
al
d
evi
c
e,”
vo
l.
1
4,
pp
.
1
–
14
,
201
0.
[17]
L.
Ca
ta
r
inuc
c
i
a
nd
L.
Ta
rri
cone,
“
New
al
gorit
h
m
s
for
the
spec
i
fic
absorpt
ion
ra
te
num
eri
c
al
evalua
ti
on
base
d
o
n
spheric
a
l ave
rag
i
ng
resona
tor
an
t
enna
,
”
vo
l. 44, p
p.
427
–
445
,
201
2.
[18]
S
.
A.
Mohs
in
a
nd
N.
M.
Sheik
h,
“
MRI
Induc
e
d
Hea
ti
ng
Of
Dee
p
Br
ai
n
Stim
u
la
ti
on
Leads :
E
ffe
ct
Of
The
Ai
r
-
Ti
ss
ue
Int
erf
a
ce,
”
pp.
81
–
91,
200
8.
[19]
M.
Zha
ng
and
A.
Alden
,
“
Calcul
at
ion
of
W
hole
-
bod
y
SA
R
From
A
100MH
z
Dip
o
le
Ant
enna,”
v
ol.
119
,
pp
.
133
–
153,
2011
.
[20]
V.
La
n
cellotti,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Sca
tt
er
in
g
from
la
rge
3
-
D
pie
c
ew
ise
ho
m
ogene
ous
bodi
es
through
li
ne
a
r
embedding
v
ia
gre
en’
s op
era
tor
s a
nd
Arnoldi
ba
sis func
ti
ons,
”
p
p.
305
–
322
,
201
0.
[21]
S.
A.
Mohs
in,
“Conc
ent
r
at
ion
of
the
spec
if
ic
abs
orpti
on
rate
aro
u
nd
dee
p
bra
in
sti
m
ula
ti
on
ele
c
tro
des
during
m
ri,
”
vol.
121
,
pp
.
469
–
484,
2011
.
[22]
M.
R.
I
.
Faruqu
e,
et
a
l.
,
“
Desig
n
anal
y
s
is
of
ne
w
m
et
amate
ri
al
for
EM
ab
sorpt
i
on
red
uc
ti
on,
”
v
ol.
124
,
pp
.
119
–
135,
2012
.
[23]
R.
Otin,
“
Num
er
ic
a
l
stud
y
of
th
e
the
rm
al
ef
fects
i
nduce
d
b
y
a
RF
ID
ant
enna
in
vi
a
ls
of
blood
pla
s
m
a,
”
vol
.
22,
pp
.
129
–
138,
2011
.
[24]
K.
Yana
se
and
A.
Hira
ta,
“
Eff
e
ct
iv
e
resista
n
ce
of
grounde
d
hum
an
forwhole
-
bod
y
av
era
g
ed
SA
R
esti
m
at
ion
a
t
resona
nce fre
qu
e
nci
es,
”
vo
l. 35, p
p.
15
–
27
,
2011
.
[25]
R.
Ike
u
chi
,
et
al
.
,
“
SA
R
and
rad
ia
ti
on
character
i
stic
s
of
a
d
ipole
ant
enn
a
abov
e
diffe
ren
t
fin
it
e
EBG
subs
tra
te
s
in
the
pr
ese
nc
e
of
a
reali
sti
c
h
ea
d
m
odel
in
th
e
3
.
5G
Hz
band
,
”
v
o
l. 4
4,
pp
.
53
–
70
,
20
12.
[26]
A.
Andujar
,
et
al.
,
“
Hum
an
he
ad
in
te
ra
ction
over
ground
pla
ne
booster
ant
e
nna
te
chnol
og
y
:
Functi
onal
and
biol
ogical
an
aly
s
is,”
vo
l. 41, pp.
153
–
185,
2012
.
[27]
A.
M.
Montaser
,
et
al.
,
“
An
int
era
ction
stud
y
be
twee
n
pifa
s
han
dset
ant
enn
a
and
a
hum
an
hand
-
hea
d
in
per
sona
l
comm
unic
at
ions
,
”
vo
l. 37, pp. 21
–
42,
2012
.
[28]
M.
H.
Mat,
et
a
l.
,
“
A
compara
tive
stud
y
of
sim
ple
geometrica
l
hea
d
phant
om
s
on
spec
ifi
c
abso
rpti
on
rates
for
sim
ula
ti
ons a
nd
m
ea
surem
ent
s a
t
900MH
z,
”
2012
Int. Conf. Biom
ed.
Eng. ICoBE
2012
,
pp
.
330
–
3
34,
2012
.
[29]
M.
H.
Mat,
et
al
.
,
“
Anal
y
sis
of
th
e
cor
relat
ion
betw
ee
n
ant
enn
a
ga
in
and
SA
R
Le
vel
s
inside
the
hu
m
an
hea
d
m
odel
at
900MH
z,”
ccc
c2012
Asia
-
Pac
i
fi
c
Symp. E
l
ectrom
agn.
Compat.
APEMC
2012
-
Proc.
,
pp.
513
–
5
16,
2012
.
[30]
M.
S.
Zul
kef
li
et
al.
,
“
Eff
ec
ts
of
shell
and
bod
y
ti
ss
ue
sim
ula
ti
ng
li
quid
(BT
SL)
thi
ckne
ss
on
ca
psule
ant
en
na
per
form
anc
e
,
”
I
SCAIE
2012
-
20
12
IEEE
S
ymp.
Comput.
App
l. I
nd.
E
lectron.
, p
p
.
237
–
241
,
2012
.
[31]
M.
H.
Mat,
et
a
l.
,
“
Eff
ects
of
the
m
et
al
lic
spec
tacl
es
with
bra
c
es
a
dded
on
Speci
f
ic
Abs
orpti
on
Rate
(SA
R)
expose
d
to
front
al ra
di
at
i
on
source
s,
”
LA
PC
2011
-
2011
Loughbr
gh.
Ant
e
nnas P
ropag.
Co
nf.
,
vol
.
2
,
pp
.
6
–
9,
2011
.
[32]
T.
Yelk
enci
and
S
.
Paker
,
“
SA
R
Change
s
in
a
Hum
an
Hea
d
Mode
l
for
Plan
e
W
av
e
Exposure
(
50
0
–
2500
MH
z
)
and
a
Com
par
iso
n
SA
R
C
hange
s in
a
H um
an
H
ea
d
M ode
l
for
P
la
ne
W
ave
E
x
posure
(
500
–
2
500
MH
z
)
and a
C
om
par
ison wi
t
h
IEEE
2005
S a
fety
L i
m
it
s,”
vo
l.
7823
,
2017
.
[33]
ICNIRP
,
“
Guidel
ine
s
for
l
imiti
n
g
exposure
to
t
i
m
e
-
var
ing
elec
tr
ic
,
m
agneti
c,
an
d
el
e
ct
rom
agnet
ic
fi
el
ds
(
up
t
o
300GH
z),
”
Hea
l
th
Ph
ys.
,
pp.
494
–
522,
1998
.
[34]
F.
Moglie,
et al
.
,
“
Modeli
ng
of
th
e
hum
an exposure
insid
e a
r
ando
m
pla
ne
wave
fi
el
d,
”
vo
l
.
29,
pp.
2
51
–
267,
2011.
[35]
S.
H.
Ronal
d
,
et
al.
,
“
Designing
asia
n
-
siz
ed
hand
m
odel
for
SA
R
det
ermina
ti
on
t
GS
M900/1800:S
imulat
ion
par
t,”
vol.
129
,
pp
.
439
–
467,
2012
.
[36]
E.
A.
Atta
ro
,
et
al.
,
“
Fiel
d
s
y
n
th
esis
in
inhomog
oneous
m
edi
a:
Joint
cont
rol
of
p
ola
ri
za
t
ion,
unif
orm
it
y
and
SA
R
in
MRI B
-
fei
ld
,
”
v
ol.
118
,
pp
.
355
–
377,
2011
.
[37]
D.
A
y
d
in
,
et
al
.
,
“
Mobile
Phone
Us
e
and
Bra
in
T
um
ors
in
Chil
dr
en
and
Adolesc
e
nts:
A
Multi
ce
n
t
er
Case
-
Con
trol
Stud
y
,
”
JNCI J.
Natl
.
Cance
r
Inst.
,
vol
/
issue:
103
(
16
)
,
pp
.
1264
–
1
276,
2011
.
[38]
D.
Goik,
et
al
.
,
“
Modeli
ng
of
th
e
Abs
orpti
on
of
the
E
lectr
om
agn
et
i
c
W
ave
Ene
rg
y
in
th
e
Hum
a
n
Hea
d
Induc
ed
b
y
Cel
l
Phone,
”
p
p.
1079
–
1084,
201
4.
[39]
M.
H.
Mat,
et
al.
,
“
Ea
r
prosthesi
s
eva
lua
ti
on
:
spec
ific
absorpti
on
rat
e
l
eve
ls
in
the
hea
d
due
to
diffe
ren
t
ang
le
s
an
d
fre
quencie
s of
e
l
ec
tromagne
ti
c
e
xposure,
”
J. Ele
ct
rom
agn.
Wa
ves
Appl
.
,
vo
l
/i
ss
u
e:
29
(
4
)
,
pp
.
514
–
524,
2015
.
[40]
IEE
E
,
“
IEE
E
Standa
rd
for
Safe
t
y
Le
v
el
s
W
it
h
Respec
t
to
Hum
an
Exposure
to
Radi
o
Freque
nc
y
Elec
tromagneti
c
Fiel
ds,
3
kHz to
300
GH
z
,
”
vol
.
2005,
2006
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1161
–
1
166
1166
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Siti
Rokia
h
Abdul
Mutal
ik
is
a
MS
c
student
un
der
School
of
C
om
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
Univer
siti
Malay
sia
Perl
is
(Uni
MA
P),
Malay
s
i
a
with
FR
GS
schola
r
.
She
ac
complished
h
er
B.
E
Degr
ee
i
n
Elec
tr
ical
S
y
s
te
m
Engi
n
ee
ring
in
f
ie
ld
of
Co
m
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
siti
M
al
a
y
si
a
Perl
is
(
UniMA
P)
in
2016.
She
is
a
gr
a
duat
e
rese
a
rch
assistanc
e
in
Univer
siti
M
al
a
y
s
i
a
Perli
s
(UniMA
P)
since
Augus
t
2018.
Her
ar
ea
of
int
er
ests
are
spec
i
fic
ab
sorption
rat
e
,
m
et
al
embedde
d,
bio
-
elec
tromagnetic
and
wi
rel
ess
power
tra
nsfer.
Mohd
Hafi
zuddin
Mat
r
ecei
ved
the
B
.
Eng
.
degr
ee
in
2010
and
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
2015
from
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Per
li
s,
Mal
a
y
sia
in
Com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
Engi
n
ee
r
ing.
Curre
n
tly
,
h
e
is
a
senior
le
c
ture
r
at
Cen
t
er
for
Diploma
Studie
s,
Univer
s
it
i
Ma
lay
sia
Pe
r
li
s,
Mal
a
y
s
ia.
His
rese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
inc
lud
e
ant
enn
a
design
,
rec
on
figura
b
le
bea
m
stee
ring
ant
enn
a,
we
ara
b
le
a
n
te
nna
,
MIM
O,
UW
B,
wire
le
ss
on
-
bod
y
comm
unic
at
io
ns,
in
-
bod
y
co
m
m
unic
at
ions
(
implant
able
ant
enn
a),
wire
l
e
ss
power
tra
nsfe
r,
RF
and
m
ic
ro
wave
comm
unicati
on
s
y
st
em.
MU
ZAMM
IL
J
US
OH
is
cur
ren
tly
working
with
Univer
siti
Ma
lay
sia
Per
li
s
(Uni
MA
P)
as
a
n
As
soci
at
es
Profess
or
and
rese
a
rch
er
b
ase
d
in
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(S
CCE).
Exp
erien
ce
d
as
RF
and
Microwa
ve
Eng
ine
er
for
Telek
om
Malay
si
a
Berha
d
(TM)
Com
pan
y
from
2006
-
2009
which
used
to
be
engi
ne
er
(t
eam
le
ade
r)
o
f
Speci
a
li
z
ed
Net
work
Servic
es
(
SN
S)
Depa
rtment
base
d
in
TM
Senai
Johor.
Do
pre
ventive
and
cor
re
ctive
m
ai
nte
nan
ce
of
I
LS,
ND
B,
DV
OR,
rep
e
at
er
,
m
ic
rowave
s
y
ste
m
,
VH
F
and
UH
F
base
d
on
cont
ra
ct
wise;
Depa
rtment
Civ
il
Aviation
(DC
A),
TUDM
,
PDRM,
ATM,
Ta
njong
Pe
le
pas
Port
(PTP),
MCM
C
and
JP
S
(
Hidrologi
Dept
.
).
He
has
r
ecei
v
ed
PhD
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
n
ee
ring
f
rom
UniMA
P
in
2013.
W
hil
e
recei
v
ed
Ms
C.
(2010)
in
El
e
ct
roni
c
T
el
e
comm
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
a
nd
Bac
he
lor
D
egr
ee
(2006)
i
n
El
e
ct
ri
cal
-
El
e
ct
roni
c
and
T
el
e
comm
unic
at
i
on
Engi
nee
r
ing
from
Univer
siti
Te
knologi
Ma
lay
sia
(UTM).
He
holds a
n
H
-
Inde
x
of
13
(SCO
PU
S) a
nd
has
pu
bli
shed
ov
er
132
technical
p
ape
rs
in
journ
al
s
and
proc
ee
dings
inc
lud
ing
th
e
I
EE
E
A
cc
ess,
I
E
EE
Antenn
a
and
W
ire
le
ss
Propa
gat
ion
Le
t
te
r
(AW
PL),
Microwa
ve
and
Opti
ca
l
Te
chn
o
log
y
Le
t
te
r
(MO
TL),
Inte
rn
ational
Journal
on
Antenna
and
Pr
opaga
t
ion
(IJA
P
),
Progress
in
Elec
tromagne
ti
cs
Resea
rch
(PIER
)
and
Radi
o
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Journal
and
m
ore
tha
n
50
conf
er
e
nce
papers
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
re
sts
inc
lude
ant
enn
a
design,
rec
onfigur
abl
e
bea
m
stee
ring
ant
enn
a,
wea
r
a
ble
antenna
,
MIM
O,
UW
B,
wire
le
ss
on
-
bod
y
comm
unic
at
io
ns,
in
-
bod
y
comm
unic
at
ions
(
implantable
antenn
a),
wir
eless
power
tra
nsfer
,
RF
and
m
ic
rowave
comm
unic
a
t
ion
s
y
stem.
Cur
ren
tly
,
supervisi
ng
a
num
ber
of
PhD
and
MsC
student
s
and
a
lso
m
ana
ging
fe
w
gra
nts
under
Ministr
y
of
Hig
her
Educat
ion
Malay
s
ia.
More
over
,
Dr
Muza
m
m
il
is
an
IEEE
Mem
ber
(MIEE
E),
a
Mem
ber
of
IET
(MIET
),
a
Mem
ber
of
An
te
nna
and
Propa
gat
ion
(AP
/MTT/EMC),
Mal
a
y
si
a
Chapter,
and
h
as
recei
ved
his Cha
rt
ere
d
En
gine
er
ing
on
Jul
y
2017.
Nurul
Hus
na
A
bd.
W
aha
b
rece
ive
d
the
B.
Eng.
degr
ee
in
2010
and
M.Sc.
degr
ee
s
in
2014
from
Univer
siti
Malay
s
ia
Per
li
s,
Malay
s
ia
in
Elec
tri
c
al
S
y
st
ems
Engi
nee
r
ing.
She
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
working
towar
d
the
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
eng
ine
er
ing
at
th
e
School
of
Elec
tr
ical
S
y
st
ems
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
U
nive
rsiti
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Perli
s,
Malays
ia
.
Her
rese
ar
c
h
int
ere
sts
inc
lu
de
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
er,
ren
ewa
ble e
n
erg
y
,
con
trol
of
power el
e
ct
roni
c
s
y
s
te
m
s, and
m
ic
rogrids
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.