TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 10, Octobe
r 2013, pp. 6
074 ~ 6
079
ISSN: 2302-4
046
6074
Re
cei
v
ed Ap
ril 11, 2013; Revi
sed
Jul
y
1
2
, 2013; Acce
pted Jul
y
23,
2013
Multiple Disciplines Product Design Knowledge
Representation Strategy Based on Ontology and
Semantic Network
Guohai Zha
n
g
*
1
, Yusheng
Li
2
1
School of Agri
cultura
l
and F
o
od Eng
i
n
eeri
n
g
,
Shando
ng U
n
iversit
y
of T
e
chnol
og
y (SDUT
)
Z
i
bo, Chi
na, Ph./F
ax:+
86-5
3
3
-
278
689
6
2
School of Mec
han
ical En
gi
ne
erin
g, S
han
don
g Univ
ersit
y
of T
e
chnolog
y (S
DUT
)
Z
i
bo, Chi
na, Ph./F
ax:+
86-5
3
3
-
278
691
0
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: guoh
aiz
han
g
@
16
3.com
*1
,
sdutl
y
s@
126.co
m
2
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he co
mpl
i
cat
ed pro
ducts d
e
sig
n
is a proc
ess of
conflict resol
u
tion a
nd
integr
ation
dec
ision fo
r
colla
bor
ative
o
p
timi
z
a
ti
on inv
o
lve
d
i
n
multip
le disci
pli
nes
i
n
clu
d
in
g mech
anic
a
l en
gin
e
e
r
ing, electro
n
ic
a
l
eng
ine
e
ri
ng an
d control e
ngi
neer
ing, etc. It’
s
a
l
so a
multi-
discip
l
i
nary fiel
d of comp
lex
know
led
ge fusi
o
n
process. T
h
e
architectur
e
of
the pr
od
uct d
e
sig
n
kn
ow
led
ge is
giv
e
n
by
the d
e
scri
p
tio
n
of th
e for
m
s
of
know
led
ge in
compl
e
x prod
u
c
t design. T
h
e
represe
n
tatio
n
mec
h
a
n
is
m for multi
d
isci
pli
nary know
le
dg
e
base
d
o
n
onto
l
ogy
and
for
m
a
l
d
e
finiti
on
of t
he
desi
g
n
kno
w
ledge
o
n
tolo
gy ar
e p
u
t for
w
ard by
usin
g
th
e
theori
e
s and
methods of o
n
tol
ogy an
d
se
ma
ntic netw
o
rk. F
i
nally, the
mu
lt
i
p
le d
i
scip
lin
es desi
gn know
l
e
dg
e
express
i
on str
a
tegy is pr
op
os
ed b
a
se
d o
n
th
e ab
ove
an
alys
is an
d co
nclus
i
ons. T
h
is
pap
e
r
provi
des
a n
e
w
meth
od
an
d
means
for co
mpl
i
cated
pro
duct
desi
gn k
now
le
dge
repr
ese
n
tation
inv
o
lvi
ng
the i
n
tegrati
on
o
f
mu
ltidisc
i
pl
in
ar
y know
ledg
e.
Ke
y
w
ords
: ont
olo
g
y, semanti
c
w
eb, multip
le
discipl
in
es, col
l
ab
orative d
e
si
gn, know
le
dge
ma
na
ge
me
nt
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Compli
cate
d
prod
uct
de
sig
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s is
an a
ppli
c
atio
n p
r
o
c
e
s
s inv
o
lving a
large
num
ber
of multiple
di
sci
plines
knowledge. F
r
om t
he p
e
rsp
e
ctive of
kn
o
w
led
ge, the
prod
uct
de
si
gn
pro
c
e
ss i
s
th
e pro
c
e
ss of
prod
uct de
sig
n
kno
w
le
dge
retrieval, com
b
ination a
nd
cre
a
tion of n
e
w
kno
w
le
dge.
The final
p
r
o
duct i
s
mate
rialized i
n
th
e form
of d
e
sig
n
kno
w
le
dge
reu
s
e.
The
documentatio
n, graphi
cs, date and
coll
aborative record
s duri
ng
different dep
artment
s in the
prod
uct de
sig
n
pro
c
e
ss a
r
e
the carriers,
whi
c
h
u
s
ed to
express the
desi
gn kno
w
ledge [1] [2] [3].
Produ
ct de
si
gn pro
c
e
s
s in
volves two types
of kno
w
l
edge: on
e is
the methodol
ogy, tha
t
is, man
agem
ent skills
kn
o
w
led
ge; the o
t
her i
s
t
he
kn
owle
dge
of the targ
et market and te
chni
cal
kno
w
le
dge.
The latter h
a
s the cha
r
acteri
stics of
significant differen
c
e wi
th the different
comp
anie
s
, markets, pro
duct, and
co
mpany’s
stra
t
egic o
r
ientati
on [4]. In product develo
p
m
ent,
desi
gn kn
owl
edge mai
n
ly in six aspe
cts: design st
a
n
dard
s
an
d sp
ecification
s
, desig
n prin
cipl
es
and th
eori
e
s, pro
d
u
c
ts i
n
stan
ce
s, e
m
piri
cal
dat
a an
d
com
putational
m
odel, m
e
ch
a
n
ical
con
s
trai
nts, such a
s
me
ch
anical pro
pert
i
es, ma
chinin
g assembly, etc., and de
si
gn experi
e
n
c
e.
Distri
bution
a
nd hete
r
o
gen
eity is the
pri
m
ary
ma
nifestation of kno
w
led
ge in
the
pro
d
u
c
t
desi
gn proce
ss. And p
r
od
uct de
sign
kn
owle
dge h
a
s
the cha
r
a
c
teristics of fuzzy, hierarchy a
n
d
cou
p
ling. Thi
s
makes the
manifestatio
n
s
of pr
odu
ct desi
gn kn
owl
edge is very
compl
e
x and lack
of a q
uantitat
ive de
scriptio
n. In o
r
de
r to
expr
ess th
e
multiple di
sci
p
line
s
kno
w
le
dge i
n
volved
in
the de
sign
o
f
compli
cate
d produ
cts,
we p
r
o
pos
e the
archite
c
t
u
re of
produ
ct de
sign,
a
n
d
descri
be the
m
base
d
on o
n
tology and
semantic n
e
twork.
2. Archite
c
ture of Desig
n
Kno
w
l
e
dg
e
Acco
rdi
ng to the descri
p
tio
n
above, we
adopt t
he architecture as
shown in Figu
re 1 to
expre
ss the d
e
sig
n
kn
owle
dge.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 10, Octobe
r 2013 : 607
4 –
6079
6075
Des
i
gn
Knowled
g
e
Co
operatio
n
Kn
ow
l
edge
Action
Kn
ow
l
edge
Cons
traint
Kn
ow
l
edge
Res
ourc
e
Knowl
edge
O
n
lin
e
in
f
o
rm
a
t
io
n
Coope
r
a
ti
on
Re
cor
d
De
si
g
n
Act
i
on
Task
Allo
cation
Pr
o
duc
t
Mod
e
l
D
e
scr
ip
t
i
o
n
D
o
c
u
ment
De
sc
ri
pti
o
n
Info
rma
t
i
o
n
Poli
cie
s
Rul
e
s
Me
thods
Des
i
gn
Cr
iter
i
a
Person
al
Knowle
dge
To
o
l
s
Equi
pment
Referenc
e
Kno
w
l
edge
C
ons
umer
C
o
n
s
ul
t
a
nt
Prov
ider
D
e
s
i
gner
Enter
p
rise
Model
Sc
heme
De
si
gn
Rec
o
r
d
Des
i
gn
Knowled
g
e
Co
operatio
n
Kn
ow
l
edge
Action
Kn
ow
l
edge
Cons
traint
Kn
ow
l
edge
Res
ourc
e
Knowl
edge
O
n
lin
e
in
f
o
rm
a
t
io
n
Coope
r
a
ti
on
Re
cor
d
De
si
g
n
Act
i
on
Task
Allo
cation
Pr
o
duc
t
Mod
e
l
D
e
scr
ip
t
i
o
n
D
o
c
u
ment
De
sc
ri
pti
o
n
Info
rma
t
i
o
n
Poli
cie
s
Rul
e
s
Me
thods
Des
i
gn
Cr
iter
i
a
Person
al
Knowle
dge
To
o
l
s
Equi
pment
Referenc
e
Kno
w
l
edge
C
ons
umer
C
o
n
s
ul
t
a
nt
Prov
ider
D
e
s
i
gner
Enter
p
rise
Model
Sc
heme
De
si
gn
Rec
o
r
d
Figure 1. The
archite
c
tu
re
of desig
n kn
o
w
led
g
e
The Archite
c
ture
sho
w
s f
i
ve kind
s
of
kn
owle
dge:
the first, co
operation
kn
owle
dge,
denote
s
the
kno
w
le
dge in
volved in co
ordin
a
ted o
p
eration
duri
n
g pro
d
u
c
t de
velopment, a
nd
inclu
d
e
s
onlin
e information
and coo
pera
t
ion reco
rd
s; the second, a
c
tion
kn
owl
e
d
ge, represent
s
the kno
w
le
dg
e relate
d to activities in t
he de
sign
proce
s
se
s, co
mpri
se
s de
si
gn actio
n
an
d task
allocation kn
owle
dge; the
third, re
sou
r
ce
kno
w
led
g
e
, is the refe
ren
c
e
kno
w
le
dge ab
out st
aff,
implements, facilities, ent
erpris
es,
documentation, desi
gning reco
rds, and so on; the fourth,
descri
p
tion in
formation, i
s
the inform
ation of
p
r
od
uction itself, a
s
pro
d
u
c
t mo
del, de
scripti
on
document
s, and etc. the la
st, con
s
trai
nt kno
w
le
dge,
i
s
a set of co
nstrai
nt information, inclu
des
law, statute, policy, tech
ni
que an
d
crite
r
ion for produ
ct developmen
t.
3. Kno
w
l
e
d
g
e Repr
esen
tation and O
n
tolog
y
The expressi
on of the pro
duct de
sig
n
kno
w
le
dge i
s
a kno
w
led
g
e
proto
c
ol, a
nd is the
key foun
datio
n tech
nology
to form de
sig
n
kn
owl
edge
manag
eme
n
t. Expressio
n
o
f
kno
w
led
ge i
s
different from
the info
rmat
ion p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
. Info
rmatio
n processin
g
is
gene
rally
not
con
c
e
r
n
e
d
about the
con
t
ent of the inf
o
rmatio
n only
to dete
r
mi
ne
the form
at a
nd the
amo
u
n
t of inform
ation,
and kno
w
led
ge rep
r
e
s
e
n
tation must be
able to unde
rstand the
con
t
ent of the knowle
dge.
3.1. Kno
w
l
e
d
g
e Rep
r
ese
n
t
ation M
e
tho
d
The
kno
w
le
d
ge represent
ation meth
od
is the
co
ntin
uum
stru
cture for d
a
ta a
n
d
co
ntrol,
its e
s
sen
c
e i
s
the
symbol
o
f
kno
w
le
dge
and fo
rm
al
p
r
oce
s
s. Kno
w
l
edge
re
prese
n
tation m
e
thod
has the re
quire
ment
s of complete,
conc
i
s
e a
nd hierarchy
.
The com
m
on kn
owl
e
dge
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n in
clude
s:
model
-ba
s
ed
kn
owle
dge
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n,
obje
c
t-o
r
ie
nted kno
w
le
dge
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n, ontology-based Kno
w
l
edge
Rep
r
e
s
entation, fuzzy kno
w
le
dg
e pre
s
e
n
tation,
prod
uctio
n
ru
le knowl
edg
e
pre
s
e
n
tation
, sema
nt
ic n
e
twork kn
owl
edge re
pre
s
e
n
tation,
and
etc.
[5] [6].
The rule
s fo
r ch
oice of
method of
formal rep
r
ese
n
tation a
r
e a
s
follo
ws: firstly,
adeq
uately repre
s
e
n
t the
domain
kno
w
led
ge, se
co
ndly, cond
uci
v
e to the use of kno
w
le
d
ge,
thirdly, to facilitate the org
anization, ma
intenan
ce a
n
d
pro
c
e
s
sing
of kno
w
led
g
e
,
lastly, easy to
unde
rsta
nd a
nd implem
ent
.
3.2. Ontolog
y
Ontology is
a sh
ared
con
c
eptu
a
l mod
e
l
of the
formal s
p
ec
ification [7] [8]. Ontology c
a
n
expre
ss the v
a
riou
s con
c
e
p
ts in the field and its
rel
a
tionship explicitly and forma
lly. The ontology
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Multiple Di
sci
pline
s
Prod
uct Desig
n
Kno
w
led
ge Represe
n
tation Strateg
y
…(Gu
ohai Zha
n
g
)
6076
definition in
cl
ude
s fou
r
me
aning
s: firstly, con
c
e
p
tual
model, i
s
the
model th
rou
g
h
the
con
c
e
p
t of
abstract
obj
ective world
phen
omen
o
n
, se
con
d
ly, clea
r an
d
explicit, the
definition
s
and
descri
p
tion
s for the co
ncep
ts and the co
nstrai
nts of
th
ese
con
c
e
p
ts are cle
a
r a
n
d
explicit, thirdly,
formal, the
content
contai
ned i
n
ontol
o
g
y ca
n b
e
un
derstood
by
comp
uter,
an
d la
stly, sha
r
i
ng,
kno
w
le
dge
re
flected in th
e
ontology i
s
common
re
co
gni
tion, an
d
it is not a
n
in
dividual p
r
iva
t
e
,
but ca
n b
e
a
c
cepted
by a
gro
up. It refl
ects
a re
cog
n
ize
d
set of concepts
rel
a
ted filed, en
a
b
ling
kno
w
le
dge
sharin
g bet
we
en sy
stems
a
nd kno
w
ledg
e reu
s
e i
n
ne
w sy
stems. S
harin
g an
d re
use
is an impo
rta
n
t advantage
of using o
n
tol
ogy.
A large num
ber of re
sea
r
ch
ers wo
rk in t
he field,
and so ma
n
y
kinds of o
n
tology
descri
p
tion
la
ngua
ge
have
bee
n
bro
u
g
h
t into
bei
ng,
su
ch
a
s
RDF an
d
RDF-S, OIL, DAM
L
,
OWL, of KIF, SHOE, the XOL, OCM
L
, Ontolingu
a, CycL, Loom, et
c.
4. Ontolog
y
-Bas
ed Prod
uct Design Kno
w
l
e
dge
Repres
entatio
n
The ta
sk
and
goal
of ontol
ogy-ba
s
e
d
de
sign
kn
owl
e
d
ge represent
ation is to ca
pture th
e
desi
gn kn
owl
edge of rel
a
ted fields, to prov
ide a
co
mmon und
erstandi
ng of domain kno
w
l
edge,
to determin
e
the comm
on
recognitio
n
voca
bula
r
y in
the field, and
to give an exact definition
of
these te
rms a
nd the relatio
n
shi
p
betwee
n
them.
4.1. Kno
w
l
e
d
g
e Rep
r
ese
n
t
ation M
echa
n
isms
The ontol
ogy
is a form
al descri
p
tion of
the sha
r
ed
model. Perez and othe
rs
believe
ontology ca
n
be organi
zed by ta
xonomy. They
summ
ari
z
ed
ontology co
n
t
ains five basic
modelin
g pri
m
itives [9] [10] [11] [12].
First
l
y
,
con
c
ept
s o
r
cla
s
se
s,
mean
s
any
t
h
ing, Such a
s
job
descri
p
tion, functio
n
,
behavio
r, strategie
s
an
d reasonin
g
pro
c
e
ss. Sem
a
n
t
ically it is a
colle
ction
of obje
c
ts, in
clu
d
ing
the nam
e of t
he
con
c
e
p
t, the
colle
ction
of relatio
n
of
con
c
e
p
ts, a
s
well
as a
de
scriptio
n of th
e
con
c
e
p
t. Secon
d
ly, relations, a
r
e the i
n
tera
ction
s
b
e
twee
n co
ncepts. They are formally def
ined
as a
su
bset o
f
the n-dim
e
n
s
ion
a
l Carte
s
i
an produ
ct, a
s
R
：
C
1
×C
2
×…×C
n
. They
corre
s
p
ond to
a
colle
ction of obje
c
t tuples semanti
c
ally
. Thirdly,
function, is a speci
a
l kind o
f
relations. T
he
element n
can be
determined u
n
iqu
e
ly by the fi
rst n
-
1 el
em
ents. It is d
e
fined formal
ly as
F
：
C
1
×C
2
×…×
C
n-1
→
C
n
. F
ourthly, axio
ms, rep
r
e
s
en
ts ete
r
nal
re
ally asse
rtion
.
Lastly, in
stance,
rep
r
e
s
ent
s the element. Instan
ce
re
presents obj
ect semantically.
Relation i
s
v
e
ry important
in ontology.
Se
manti
c
all
y
, there
are
four ki
nds
of ba
sic
relation
s: p
a
rt-of, kin
d
-of,
instan
ce
-of a
nd attr
ib
ute-of. Duri
ng
a
c
tual m
odeli
ng p
r
o
c
e
ss,
the
relation
s b
e
twee
n the
co
nce
p
ts a
r
e n
o
t limited to
be liste
d four basi
c
relatio
n
s a
bove, an
d the
relation
s
ca
n
be
defined
acco
rdin
g t
o
the
sp
ec
ifi
c
circum
stan
ce
s. Ontol
o
g
y
orga
nizes
the
kno
w
le
dge of
the real wo
rl
d by using th
ese mo
delin
g
primitives.
4.2. The For
mal Definitio
n
of the
Desi
gn Ontology
Acco
rdi
ng to
the kn
owle
dge of ontol
ogy abov
e,
a formal
def
inition of the
desi
gn
ontology is gi
ven as follo
ws:
Definition 1, the con
c
e
p
t of design
kno
w
l
edge is o
b
je
ctive abstract
knowl
edg
e involved
in the produ
ct desig
n process, is
the
no
des
of the tre
e
stru
ctu
r
e,
a
nd is th
e uniq
ue attribute
s
of
the desi
gn kn
owle
dge
con
c
ept.
Definition 2,
desi
gn kno
w
l
edge o
n
tolog
y
is t
he co
nceptuali
z
ation
in the field of
prod
uct
desi
gn, an
d i
t
can
be fo
rmalize
d
with
the du
alisti
c stru
ctu
r
e a
s
)
,
(
W
D
O
. Where D is
the
desi
gn dom
ai
n, W is the largest stat
e
set
on D, calle
d the domai
n sp
ace.
Definition
3, the relation
shi
p
between
th
e co
ncepts of
desi
gn
kn
owledge i
s
th
e
edge
of
the tree.
Definition
4, the attrib
ute of
the de
sig
n
know
l
edge
rel
a
tionship
refe
rs to
the
natu
r
e of th
e
relations
h
ip.
Definition 5, triple
s
)
,
,
(
W
D
O
.
is the con
c
ept a
s
sociate
d
set of
desig
n kno
w
l
edge
in the
domai
n
)
,
(
W
D
.
n
, the
con
c
ept a
s
soci
ation of
n-di
me
nsio
nal d
e
si
g
n
kno
w
ledg
e, is
a full
function, ca
n be expre
s
sed
as
n
D
2
W
. It repre
s
ents the set o
f
all n-dimen
s
ional rel
a
tion
ship
mappin
g
from
W to D, calle
d the con
c
e
p
t system of de
sign
kno
w
led
ge.
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Vol. 11, No
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4 –
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6077
Definition
6,
prod
uct
de
si
gn d
o
main
o
n
tology may
be exp
r
e
s
se
d by tripl
e
s a
s
（
D, C,
R
）
. Wh
ere D is p
r
od
uct d
e
sig
n
dom
ain
con
c
e
p
t set.
C is th
e ab
straction l
a
yer
structu
r
e fo
r th
e
con
c
e
p
t of p
r
odu
ct de
sign
domain,
and
it can
re
pre
s
ent the hi
erarchi
c
al
relatio
n
shi
p
s betwe
en
the different d
o
main
s. R is
a full function
of par
ent-chil
d
domain. It maps e
a
ch concept from sub-
domain to p
a
r
ent dom
ain.
Equivalen
c
e relation
s of the domai
n ca
n
be defined
a
c
cordi
ng to the
full-func
tion.
In order to
cl
early
expre
ss the
desi
g
n
knowl
edge
o
n
tology, we giv
e
fou
r
teen
rel
a
tions
and attrib
utes of the relatio
n
s, su
ch
as d
i
rectio
na
lity of the relation
s,
kind
-of, part-of, instance-o
f
,
attribute-of, tran
sitivity, inherit, op
po
site inhe
rit, inv
e
rse, symm
e
t
ry, reflexivity, equivalen
c
e,
inverse rel
a
tionship inhe
rit
ance, and sy
nonymy.
4.3.
Design Kno
w
l
e
dge Expressio
n
Strateg
y
In order to
expre
ss the
prod
uct de
si
gn kno
w
le
dg
e, we sho
u
l
d
analysi
s
the desig
n
kno
w
le
dge
source at first
and express them by
usi
ng a suita
b
le
method. De
sign
kno
w
le
d
g
e
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n st
rategy
b
a
se
d o
n
o
n
tology
can
b
e
divide
d int
o
top
-
do
wn
and
bottom-up
method
s. Th
e top-do
wn i
s
first con
s
tructing
o
n
tolo
gy con
c
ept
s, then identifying the ontol
ogy
unde
r the co
nstrai
nts of the ontology
con
c
e
p
ts
, an
d building o
n
t
ology attribu
t
es and ontol
ogy
instan
ce. Exp
r
essio
n
of
bo
ttom-up i
s
extending
sema
ntic a
b
st
ra
ction, gath
e
rin
g
,
mappin
g
a
n
d
joint of d
e
si
gn
kno
w
led
g
e
to p
r
od
uct
de
sign
onto
l
ogy. The
bo
ttom-up
expression
ha
s t
he
advantage of
flexibility, scalabilit
y, good compatibilit
y. But the des
ign
ontology formed by using
this method l
a
cks
detail levels
an
d co
n
s
iste
ncy. In this p
ape
r, de
sign
kn
owle
d
ge re
present
ation
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 2 is p
r
op
ose
d
referrin
g to unstru
c
t
u
red
kno
w
le
d
ge, semi-stru
c
ture
d kn
owl
edge
and
stru
ctured kno
w
led
g
e
involved i
n
produ
ct d
e
sig
n
a
c
cord
ing to the
chara
c
te
risti
c
s of
hetero
gen
eity, fuzzy, hiera
r
chi
c
al, co
uple
d
, and etc.
s
e
mi
-st
r
uctured
knowledg
e
st
ructured
knowle
dg
e
un
structured
knowledg
e
de
sig
n
ontolog
y
and
ins
t
a
n
c
e
s
ex
press
i
on
based on
ontolog
y
lang
uag
e
co
nstruction
semant
ic,
data mi
g
r
at
ion
mapping
Figure 2. Knowled
ge expre
ssi
on st
rateg
y
Structu
r
ed a
n
d
semi
-st
r
u
c
tured
kn
owle
d
ge ar
e expre
s
sed by u
s
in
g the rep
r
e
s
entation
strategy of b
o
ttom-up, an
d unst
r
uctu
re
d kno
w
le
dge
of a large mu
mmer of text document
s a
nd
other expe
ri
ence
kno
w
le
dge i
n
p
r
od
uct d
e
velo
p
m
ent i
s
exp
r
esse
d by
usin
g top
-
do
wn
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n strate
gy. This kn
owl
edge
woul
d be exp
r
esse
d by usi
ng sem
antic
web.
4.4. Semantic Web
The go
al of the Semanti
c
Web i
s
to ma
ke
info
rmatio
n on the web
having the d
e
finition
can b
e
un
derstood by
com
puter, a
c
hiev
e sem
antic
in
terope
ra
bility betwe
en info
rmation sy
ste
m
s
with o
n
tolog
y
’s supp
ort,
acce
ss an
d
retrieval
of
we
b
re
sou
r
ce
s intelli
gen
tly [13-17].
The
purp
o
se of this pap
er i
s
to
build a Sem
antic
Web b
a
s
ed o
n
produ
ct de
sign
kn
owle
dge in t
he
desi
gn e
n
terprise, in o
r
der to
achi
eve intern
al
desi
gn
kno
w
led
ge a
c
ce
ss
and
retri
e
val
intelligently.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Multiple Di
sci
pline
s
Prod
uct Desig
n
Kno
w
led
ge Represe
n
tation Strateg
y
…(Gu
ohai Zha
n
g
)
6078
Semantic
We
b is a vision
of the future netwo
rk. In such a n
e
two
r
k, the inform
ation is
given a cle
a
r meani
ng,
and the compute
r
ca
n
automaticall
y
proce
s
s and integrate
the
informatio
n a
v
ailable on th
e internet. Se
mantic
Web u
s
e
s
XML to define a cu
sto
m
label forma
t
s,
and exp
r
e
s
s data with th
e flexibility o
f
the
RDF.
Next, need a
n
ontology web lang
uag
e
to
descri
be the
clea
r me
anin
g
of the term
netwo
rk
do
cumentation
a
nd the relatio
n
shi
p
bet
wee
n
them.
5. Case Stud
y
Acco
rdi
ng to
the ab
ove the
o
rie
s
of de
sig
n
kno
w
led
ge
ontology, the
modelin
g of
i
m
pelle
r
desi
gn kn
owl
edge ontol
og
y is given. And the model
is expresse
d using the semantic
web.
In
this pa
per, th
e model
of impelle
r de
sig
n
ontol
ogy i
s
prop
osed by
Protégé, an
d the rel
a
tion
s
betwe
en the
con
c
e
p
ts a
r
e
defined b
a
sed on the ex
pre
ssi
on of the co
ncept for impell
e
r d
e
sig
n
kno
w
le
dge.
The
ontolo
g
y mod
e
l a
nd f
o
rmal
de
scri
ption of
O
W
L
Web
ontol
ogy lan
gua
g
e
for
impelle
r desi
gn kno
w
le
dg
e is sho
w
n i
n
Figure 3.
It solves the semantic rep
r
ese
n
tation of the
impelle
r de
sign kn
owl
edg
e.
Figure 3. Ontology modeli
ng and O
W
L
descri
p
tion
6. Conclusio
n
On the ba
si
s of analyzin
g the forms and cha
r
a
c
t
e
risti
cs of kn
owle
dge invo
lved in
prod
uct devel
opment, the architectu
re o
f
design
kno
w
led
ge is p
r
o
posed. The d
e
sig
n
kn
owle
dg
e
ontology is d
e
fined form
ally acco
rdin
g to the
analysi
s
on the kn
o
w
led
ge re
pre
s
entatio
n method
s
and O
n
tology
theorie
s. Th
e formal
defi
n
ition of
onto
l
ogy de
sign
knowl
edge
is
given ba
se
d
on
the ontolo
g
y’s ba
si
c
kno
w
ledge,
whi
c
h
inclu
d
e
s
rel
a
tions
and t
heir
ch
ara
c
te
ristics. A d
e
sign
kno
w
le
dge
e
x
pressio
n
st
rategy is p
u
t forward
for
un
stru
ctured, semi-stru
c
ture
d and
structu
r
ed
kno
w
le
dge in
prod
uct d
e
si
gn process b
y
using
the
method
s of top-d
o
wn an
d
bottom-u
p
. The
desi
gn knowl
edge o
n
tolog
y
model and
OWL de
scri
ption of impeller a
r
e given by using
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 10, Octobe
r 2013 : 607
4 –
6079
6079
theory of
onto
l
ogy an
d
sem
antic
network. This pap
er
can p
r
ovide
an
effective
way
for
reali
z
atio
n
of access an
d retrieval d
e
s
ign
kno
w
led
ge intelligentl
y
during the i
n
ternal d
e
si
g
n
comp
anie
s
.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ment
Authors are
most grateful
to the National
Natu
ral Scien
c
e Fo
und
ation of Chin
a (Gra
nt
NO.: 5090
51
00) an
d Dev
e
lopme
n
t of Young Te
ach
e
rs of Sha
n
d
ong University of Technol
ogy
for financi
a
l suppo
rts that
made this
re
search po
ssibl
e
.
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