I
n
d
on
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s
ian
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al
o
f
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lec
t
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l
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n
gin
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e
r
in
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a
n
d
Com
p
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S
c
ience
Vo
l
.
25
,
N
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
2022
,
pp.
1177
~
1185
I
S
S
N:
2502
-
4752,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
25
.i
2
.
pp
1177
-
1185
1177
Jou
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al
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page
:
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tp:
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M
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P
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Uni
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r
s
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t
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21
Al
A
r
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,
Am
m
a
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11931,
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o
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m
a
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l
:
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t
a
mi
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s
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du.
j
o
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
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ON
Due
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t
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C
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I
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pa
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m
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to
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s
w
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dw
i
de
[
1]
.
A
s
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s
u
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t
,
l
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ni
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y
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t
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hn
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[
2]
.
Onli
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ni
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r
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c
he
s
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[
3]
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pe
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[
4]
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t
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ni
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c
hi
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m
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t
[
5]
.
T
h
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c
o
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c
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pt
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g
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o
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t
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id
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a
n
d
i
s
f
o
r
m
a
ll
y
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f
i
ne
d
a
s
:
"
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ga
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k
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w
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dge
"
[
6]
.
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t
i
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t
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t
m
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t
h
o
d
a
pe
r
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us
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to
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a
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n
.
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'
t
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t
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s
[
7]
.
T
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s
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pr
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to
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a
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e
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s
'
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2502
-
4752
I
n
do
n
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s
i
a
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J
E
l
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c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
Vo
l
.
25
,
N
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
20
22
:
1177
-
1185
1178
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
by
us
i
ng
a
da
pt
e
d
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
m
e
t
h
o
ds
a
n
d
a
l
l
o
w
i
ng
t
h
e
m
t
o
r
e
c
o
gni
z
e
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
t
o
f
in
d
w
ha
t
s
t
udy
m
e
t
h
o
ds
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
h
e
l
p
t
h
e
m
l
e
a
r
n
be
s
t
[
8]
.
T
h
us
,
t
h
e
a
wa
r
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
r
o
l
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
v
e
r
y
i
m
po
r
t
a
n
t
f
o
r
b
ot
h
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
a
n
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
[
9]
.
I
nv
e
n
t
or
i
e
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
c
o
gni
z
e
i
nd
i
v
i
dua
l
s
'
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
,
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
ly
t
a
ke
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
que
s
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,
wh
e
r
e
a
s
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
que
s
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
a
s
ke
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
s
c
o
r
e
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
t
o
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
do
m
i
na
n
t
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
m
a
ny
po
pul
a
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
i
nve
n
t
o
r
i
e
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
li
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
s
uc
h
a
s
f
l
e
mi
ng
's
vi
s
ua
l
,
a
ud
i
t
o
r
y
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g/wr
i
t
i
ng,
a
nd
k
i
n
e
s
t
he
t
i
c
(
VA
R
K
)
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
que
s
t
i
o
nn
a
ir
e
[
10]
,
K
o
l
b'
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
i
nv
e
n
t
o
r
y
(
L
S
I
)
[
11]
,
J
a
c
ks
on'
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
pr
o
f
i
l
e
r
(
L
S
P
)
[
12]
,
a
n
d
ot
h
e
r
.
E
a
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
s
e
t
o
f
que
s
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
'
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
t
o
VA
R
K
,
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
a
r
e
c
a
t
e
go
r
i
z
e
d
i
n
t
o
f
o
ur
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
pe
s
:
vi
s
u
a
l
,
a
ud
i
t
o
r
y
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g/wr
i
t
i
ng,
a
n
d
k
i
ne
s
t
h
e
t
i
c
[
10]
.
On
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
h
a
n
d,
K
o
l
b'
s
i
s
a
l
s
o
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
wi
de
ly
us
e
d
i
nve
n
to
r
i
e
s
i
de
n
t
i
f
yi
ng
f
o
ur
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
[
11]
.
M
o
r
e
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
,
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
a
bl
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
de
v
o
t
e
d
to
a
uto
m
a
t
i
c
a
ll
y
de
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
[
13]
-
[
15
]
.
I
n
f
a
c
t
,
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
d
a
t
a
m
i
n
i
ng
i
s
t
h
e
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
pp
lyi
ng
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
to
t
h
e
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
e
t
t
i
n
gs
.
He
r
e
,
b
o
t
h
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
lgo
r
i
t
hm
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
pp
li
e
d.
W
hil
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
a
pp
li
e
d
f
o
r
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
ni
que
i
s
a
pp
li
e
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
.
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
w
e
r
e
t
h
e
do
m
i
na
t
e
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
e
s
:
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
Ai
s
s
a
o
u
i
e
t
al.
[
15]
ut
i
li
z
e
d
t
h
e
K
-
m
o
de
s
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
t
o
i
m
pr
o
v
e
t
h
e
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
m
o
de
l
wa
s
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
F
e
l
de
r
a
n
d
S
i
l
ve
r
m
a
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
s
t
y
l
e
m
o
de
l
us
i
ng
a
da
t
a
s
e
t
e
x
tr
a
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
a
n
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
's
l
o
g
f
il
e
.
Ot
h
e
r
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
h
a
v
e
a
l
s
o
b
e
e
n
u
s
e
d.
T
h
e
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
t
r
e
e
(
DT
)
wa
s
us
e
d
i
n
[
16]
to
de
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
'
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
f
r
o
m
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
we
bl
o
g
s
.
P
a
n
t
h
o
[
17]
a
l
s
o
us
e
d
t
h
e
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
t
r
e
e
C
4.
5
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
t
o
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
He
r
e
,
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
wa
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
1,
205
s
t
ude
n
t
s
us
i
n
g
t
he
VA
R
K
que
s
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
.
Ot
h
e
r
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
h
a
v
e
a
l
s
o
be
e
n
ut
il
i
z
e
d.
T
h
e
n
e
ur
a
l
n
e
t
wo
r
ks
wa
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
[
18
]
,
wh
e
r
e
F
e
l
de
r
-
S
i
l
ve
r
m
a
n'
s
m
o
de
l
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
to
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
f
o
ur
di
m
e
ns
i
o
ns
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
d
im
e
ns
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
s
e
n
s
i
ng
o
r
i
n
t
u
i
t
i
v
e
,
a
c
t
i
v
e
o
r
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
vi
s
ua
l
o
r
v
e
r
b
a
l
,
a
n
d
s
e
que
n
t
i
a
l
o
r
g
l
o
ba
l
.
F
e
l
de
r
-
S
i
l
ve
r
m
a
n'
s
m
o
de
l
wa
s
a
l
s
o
us
e
d
i
n
[
14]
,
b
ut
t
h
e
f
uz
z
y
C
-
m
e
a
n
s
wa
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
a
s
a
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
t
o
de
t
e
c
t
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
'
s
t
y
l
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
i
r
da
t
a
s
to
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
l
o
g
f
il
e
s
.
On
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
Ge
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
w
e
r
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
to
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
Y
a
n
ni
b
e
l
l
i
e
t
al
.
[
1
9
]
de
f
i
ne
a
gr
o
up
o
f
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
a
n
d
a
s
s
i
g
n
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
'
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
to
e
a
c
h
ge
n
e
.
T
h
e
n
us
e
d
t
h
e
s
e
ge
n
e
s
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
n
e
w
po
pu
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
t
h
a
t
de
s
c
r
i
be
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
e
i
n,
t
h
e
wo
r
k
o
f
[
20]
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
by
c
o
m
bi
n
in
g
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
w
i
t
h
k
-
ne
a
r
e
s
t
ne
i
g
hb
o
r
s
(
K
-
NN
)
.
I
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k,
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
'
be
h
a
vi
o
ur
s
a
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
a
n
n
-
d
im
e
n
s
i
o
na
l
s
pa
c
e
.
L
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
a
r
e
t
he
n
c
o
n
s
ider
e
d
to
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
i
f
t
h
e
y
ha
v
e
a
s
h
o
r
t
e
r
di
s
t
a
n
c
e
t
o
ot
h
e
r
s
.
L
wa
n
d
e
e
t
al.
[
21
]
c
o
m
bin
e
d
b
o
t
h
f
e
l
de
r
-
s
i
l
ve
r
m
a
n
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
m
o
de
l
a
n
d
c
o
gni
t
i
ve
t
r
a
i
t
m
o
de
l
t
o
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
f
r
o
m
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
L
M
S
)
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
a
po
s
s
i
bl
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
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o
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t
h
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l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
s
tud
y
[
22]
h
a
v
e
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
us
e
d
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
o
de
l
s
t
o
p
r
e
di
c
t
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
ut
c
o
m
e
.
T
h
e
s
t
ud
y
r
e
a
d
r
e
c
o
r
ds
f
r
o
m
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
to
ge
t
t
h
e
r
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l
e
v
a
nt
f
e
a
t
ur
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s
.
R
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
,
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
da
t
a
m
i
n
i
ng
h
a
s
b
e
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n
e
x
t
e
ns
i
ve
ly
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
.
T
h
e
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
da
t
a
m
i
ni
ng
c
o
m
m
u
ni
t
y
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f
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ne
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n
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m
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g
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d
i
s
c
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p
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o
n
c
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n
e
d
w
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de
v
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p
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ng
m
e
t
h
o
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f
o
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x
p
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uni
que
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du
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o
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t
o
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tan
d
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t
ude
n
t
s
'
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
e
t
t
i
n
gs
b
e
t
t
e
r
[
23]
.
T
h
e
s
pr
e
a
d
i
n
g
o
f
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
da
t
a
m
i
n
i
ng
i
s
du
e
t
o
t
h
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e
m
e
r
ge
n
c
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o
f
n
u
m
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r
o
us
pu
bl
i
c
da
t
a
mi
ni
ng
t
oo
l
s
s
uc
h
a
s
R
,
wa
i
ka
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o
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nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
f
o
r
kn
o
wl
e
dge
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n
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ly
s
i
s
(
W
E
KA
)
,
R
a
p
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dM
i
ne
r
,
a
n
d
ko
n
s
t
a
nz
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
mi
ne
r
(
K
NI
M
E
)
[
24]
.
W
a
hbe
h
e
t
al.
[
25]
de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
a
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
too
l
s
,
a
n
d
i
t
c
o
n
c
l
ude
s
t
h
a
t
e
a
c
h
o
f
t
h
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e
too
l
s
h
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t
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d
v
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ge
s
a
n
d
d
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n
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ge
s
.
E
duc
a
t
i
o
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l
da
t
a
m
i
n
i
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wa
s
a
l
s
o
us
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t
o
pr
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di
c
t
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ude
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t
s
'
pe
r
f
o
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n
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l
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if
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o
n
a
n
d
r
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gr
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o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
s
[
26]
.
W
hil
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
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c
hni
qu
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i
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a
pp
l
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e
d
f
o
r
di
s
c
r
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t
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v
a
r
i
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bl
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s
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t
h
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gr
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s
s
i
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
a
pp
l
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e
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
va
r
i
a
bl
e
s
[
27]
.
L
i
n
c
k
e
e
t
al.
[
22]
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
t
h
e
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
ne
ur
a
l
n
e
t
wor
k
w
i
t
h
a
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
316
un
de
r
gr
a
dua
t
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
to
pr
e
di
c
t
a
c
a
de
mi
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pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
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e
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
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o
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d
t
h
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t
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ude
n
t
s
'
pe
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f
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h
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ur
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ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
Ai
s
s
a
o
u
i
e
t
al.
[
28
]
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
l
i
ne
a
r
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
M
L
R
)
to
b
u
i
l
d
a
s
t
ude
n
t
'
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
.
T
h
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
m
o
de
l
o
ut
pe
r
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
e
d
m
o
de
l
s
.
As
o
n
e
c
a
n
b
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n
o
t
i
c
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d,
a
l
m
o
s
t
a
l
l
o
f
t
h
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pr
o
p
os
e
d
wo
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ks
we
r
e
de
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
de
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
'
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
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s
a
n
d
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
i
n
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
mi
gh
t
ha
v
e
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
o
r
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
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l
e
a
r
ni
n
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s
t
y
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s
,
w
h
e
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e
c
a
n
e
qua
l
ly
pr
e
f
e
r
b
o
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h
vi
s
ua
l
a
n
d
a
ud
i
t
o
r
y
l
e
a
r
ni
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s
t
yl
e
s
.
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o
r
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
a
m
i
x
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
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s
t
y
l
e
s
(
w
i
t
h
pr
o
ba
bil
i
t
y
)
o
r
w
i
t
h
n
o
do
m
i
na
n
t
s
t
y
l
e
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
de
t
e
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t
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a
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l
e
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s
t
y
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i
s
b
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c
o
m
i
ng
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ne
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
.
T
hi
s
wa
s
s
uppo
r
t
e
d
by
A
z
z
i
e
t
al.
[
29]
,
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
pr
o
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t
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s
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f
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v
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l
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r
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ppr
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o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
e
d
m
o
de
l
a
t
t
e
m
pt
s
to
pr
e
di
c
t
t
h
e
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
o
f
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
t
o
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
t
he
m
o
s
t
f
a
v
o
ur
e
d
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
I
n
t
hi
s
c
a
s
e
,
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
o
f
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
wo
ul
d
b
e
i
n
t
hi
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
:
<
A=
0.
3,
V=
0.
22,
K
=
0.
08,
R
=
0.
4>
.
T
h
e
n
a
t
h
r
e
s
ho
l
d
c
a
n
b
e
s
pe
c
if
i
e
d
t
o
s
e
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
a
v
o
ur
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
T
o
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
s
h
t
h
a
t
,
we
c
o
m
put
e
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
be
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
t
o
p
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
i
ng
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
Any
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
t
h
a
t
f
a
l
l
s
w
i
t
hi
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
g
i
ve
n
by
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
i
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
n
o
m
i
na
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
.
I
n
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
a
b
o
v
e
,
i
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
e
qua
l
s
0.
2,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
i
s
{R
,
A
,
V}.
W
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
a
l
ue
t
o
b
e
n
o
t
v
e
r
y
s
m
a
l
l
,
i
g
n
o
r
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
nin
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
o
r
too
l
a
r
ge
t
h
a
t
i
nv
o
l
v
e
a
ll
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
de
r
o
f
t
h
i
s
pa
p
e
r
i
s
or
g
a
ni
z
e
d
a
s
s
h
own
i
n
;
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
gy
i
s
gi
v
e
n
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2.
T
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
wo
r
k,
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
e
va
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
us
s
i
o
n
a
b
o
ut
o
ur
r
e
s
ul
t
s
,
i
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
3.
F
i
n
a
ll
y
,
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
l
us
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
f
ut
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
T
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
do
l
o
g
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
r
e
qu
i
r
e
s
a
c
l
e
a
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
ng
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
de
o
ff
s
i
nhe
r
e
n
t
in
t
hi
s
do
m
a
i
n
.
I
n
f
a
c
t
,
t
h
e
ke
y
c
h
a
ll
e
n
ge
i
s
t
o
c
l
a
s
s
if
y
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
d
i
s
t
i
n
gu
i
s
h
i
ng
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
(
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
)
,
t
a
ki
n
g
i
n
t
o
a
c
c
o
un
t
t
h
a
t
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
a
m
i
x
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
o
f
h
a
vi
ng
n
o
do
m
i
na
n
t
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
.
A
s
s
uc
h
,
o
ur
ge
n
e
r
a
l
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
b
u
i
l
d
s
upo
n
t
h
e
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
t
o
pr
o
vi
de
a
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
s
t
i
c
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
i
nf
e
r
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
B
e
c
a
us
e
o
f
t
hi
s
do
m
a
i
n's
m
a
t
ur
i
t
y
i
n
ge
n
e
r
a
l
,
i
t
i
s
im
po
r
t
a
n
t
to
gr
o
un
d
o
ur
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
w
i
t
h
a
r
o
b
us
t
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
.
T
o
t
hi
s
e
n
d,
we
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
s
u
s
i
ng
f
i
v
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
.
T
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
us
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
e
x
pe
r
im
e
n
t
a
l
t
e
s
t
s
wa
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
V
A
R
K's
i
nv
e
n
t
o
r
y
que
s
t
i
o
nn
a
i
r
e
f
r
o
m
a
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
72
s
t
ude
n
t
s
.
W
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
s
f
o
r
i
nf
e
r
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
l
a
b
e
l
us
i
ng
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
t
o
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
o
ur
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
.
T
h
e
m
o
de
l
s
a
r
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
us
i
ng
r
e
c
a
l
l
,
pr
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
,
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
,
F1
-
s
c
o
r
e
,
a
n
d
a
r
e
a
un
de
r
c
ur
v
e
(
AU
C
)
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
,
o
n
e
c
a
n
c
o
n
c
l
ude
t
h
a
t
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
a
r
e
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
a
n
d
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
f
o
r
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
'
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
2.
1.
Dat
a
c
ol
l
e
c
t
ion
T
o
c
o
n
duc
t
o
ur
s
t
udy
,
a
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
72
s
t
ude
n
t
s
wa
s
r
a
n
do
m
ly
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
A
pp
li
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
Uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
da
t
a
wa
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
us
i
ng
VA
R
K's
i
nv
e
n
t
o
r
y
que
s
t
i
o
nn
a
i
r
e
,
wh
e
r
e
f
o
ur
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
a
r
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d:
v
i
s
ua
l
(
V)
,
a
ud
i
t
o
r
y
(
A
)
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g/wr
i
t
i
n
g
(
R
)
,
a
n
d
k
i
ne
s
t
h
e
t
i
c
(
K
)
.
T
h
e
que
s
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
16
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
que
s
t
i
o
n
s
t
ha
t
de
a
l
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
wa
y
(
s
)
i
n
w
hi
c
h
s
t
ude
n
t
s
li
ke
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
o
r
pr
e
f
e
r
to
de
l
i
ve
r
.
T
h
e
que
s
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
i
t
ua
t
i
o
n
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
c
h
o
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
a
bo
u
t
h
o
w
t
h
o
s
e
m
i
g
h
t
h
a
ppe
n
.
T
o
e
a
s
i
ly
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
r
e
s
po
n
s
e
s
,
we
de
ve
l
o
pe
d
a
n
o
nli
ne
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
u
s
i
ng
M
i
c
r
o
s
o
f
t
F
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
po
n
s
e
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
n
im
po
r
t
e
d
a
s
a
n
E
x
c
e
l
f
i
l
e
w
h
e
r
e
e
a
c
h
a
n
s
w
e
r
i
s
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
a
s
a
v
e
c
t
o
r
o
f
bi
na
r
y
v
a
l
u
e
s
de
n
o
t
e
d
a
s
<
A
,
V,
K
,
R
>
.
T
h
e
da
t
a
i
s
t
h
e
n
pr
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
to
b
e
e
l
i
g
i
ble
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
.
He
r
e
,
we
d
i
vi
de
d
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
da
t
a
s
e
t
i
n
t
o
a
n
a
r
r
a
y
o
f
f
o
ur
m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s
,
a
m
a
t
r
i
x
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
.
E
a
c
h
m
a
t
r
i
x
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
16
c
o
l
u
m
ns
de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
o
r
a
bs
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
a
n
d
5
o
u
t
pu
t
c
o
l
u
m
ns
(
4
c
o
l
u
mn
s
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
'
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
,
a
nd
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
c
o
l
u
m
n
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
l
a
b
e
l
)
.
F
i
gur
e
1
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
n
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
us
i
ng
b
o
x
p
l
o
t
s
.
T
h
e
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
li
n
e
i
ns
i
de
t
he
b
o
x
p
l
o
t
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
m
e
d
i
a
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t
m
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m
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f
(
V)
a
n
d
(
R
)
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
do
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20
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:
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1185
1180
F
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1.
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p
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Dat
a
p
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p
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o
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w
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l
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t
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bl
e
1.
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
d
a
t
a
s
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t
ID
Q1
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16
P
r
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0.24
0.25
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A
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1,0,0,1>
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V
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0,0,0,1>
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0,1,0,0>
<
0,1,1,1>
…
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1,1,0,0>
0.14
0.25
0.19
0.42
R
…
N
<
0,1,0,0>
<
0,0,0,1>
<
0,0,0,1>
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<
0,1,0,1>
0.42
0.49
0.07
0.02
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n
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ll
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ly
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a
m
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l
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x
f
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ni
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R
w
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a
s
s
h
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wn
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bl
e
2.
All
m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s
s
h
a
r
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
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t
o
f
n
u
m
e
r
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c
a
n
d
l
a
b
e
l
o
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pu
t
s
.
T
a
bl
e
2
.
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
(
R
)
m
a
t
r
i
x
ID
Q1
Q2
Q3
……
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16
P
r
o
b
of
A
P
r
o
b
of
V
P
r
o
b
of
K
P
r
o
b
of
R
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
S
t
y
l
e
S1
1
1
0
……
1
0.36
0.24
0.25
0.15
A
S2
1
1
1
……
0
0.18
0.44
0.21
0.17
V
S3
1
0
1
……
0
0.14
0.25
0.19
0.42
R
……
N
0
1
1
……
1
0.42
0.49
0.07
0.02
V
2.
3.
Re
s
e
ar
c
h
m
od
e
ls
I
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
f
o
ur
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
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l
go
r
i
t
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s
h
a
v
e
be
e
n
us
e
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u
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d
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l
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r
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s
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.
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h
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a
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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do
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s
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a
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J
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N:
2502
-
4752
P
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o
n
e
wi
t
h
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
i
s
c
h
o
s
e
n
a
s
o
u
t
pu
t.
T
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
n
e
ur
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
hi
dde
n
l
a
y
e
r
v
a
r
i
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
i
n
put
n
e
ur
o
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
us
e
d.
T
h
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
tr
a
i
ni
ng
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
b
a
c
kpr
o
pa
ga
t
i
o
n
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
a
n
d
c
o
nj
uga
t
e
gr
a
d
i
e
n
t
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
we
us
e
d
t
h
e
b
a
c
kpr
o
pa
ga
t
i
o
n
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
be
c
a
us
e
o
f
i
t
s
a
dva
n
t
a
ge
s
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
nj
uga
t
e
gr
a
d
i
e
n
t
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
n
e
ur
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
a
y
e
r
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
ly
c
h
o
s
e
n
a
f
t
e
r
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
t
r
i
a
l
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
i
n
put
n
e
ur
o
n
s
i
s
f
o
ur
whi
c
h
e
qu
a
l
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
i
nput
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
of
hi
dde
n
n
e
ur
o
n
s
i
n
t
he
hi
dde
n
l
a
y
e
r
i
s
t
e
n
,
a
n
d
f
i
na
ll
y
,
t
he
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
o
ut
pu
t
n
e
ur
o
n
s
i
s
2.
T
h
e
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
us
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
m
o
i
d
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
K
-
NN
us
e
s
t
h
e
n
o
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
t
r
i
e
vi
ng
by
s
im
i
l
a
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
v
o
t
i
n
g
to
c
l
a
s
s
if
y
da
t
a
.
T
h
e
K
-
NN
r
e
tr
i
e
ve
s
t
h
e
c
l
o
s
e
s
t
k
s
im
il
a
r
c
a
s
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
w
o
n
e
;
t
h
e
n
v
o
t
i
n
g
i
s
a
pp
li
e
d
t
o
de
r
i
v
e
t
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
o
ut
pu
t
.
C
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
a
l
ue
o
f
k
h
a
s
a
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
o
f
K
-
NN
;
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
nc
e
,
i
f
we
c
h
o
o
s
e
s
m
a
l
l
k,
ot
h
e
r
v
a
l
ua
bl
e
c
a
s
e
s
mi
g
h
t
b
e
i
g
n
o
r
e
d,
t
h
us
r
e
duc
i
n
g
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
t
h
e
e
n
o
r
m
o
us
v
a
l
ue
o
f
k
i
s
t
im
e
a
n
d
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
-
c
o
n
s
u
m
i
ng.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
wa
y
s
t
o
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
k;
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
wa
y
i
s
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
qua
r
e
r
o
ot
o
f
t
h
e
tot
a
l
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
da
t
a
po
i
n
t
s
.
I
n
t
hi
s
pa
p
e
r
,
we
c
h
o
o
s
e
k=
5
b
e
c
a
us
e
i
t
i
s
a
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
bl
e
v
a
l
ue
t
h
a
t
a
l
l
o
w
s
us
to
s
e
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
c
l
o
s
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
o
ut
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
.
S
VM
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
a
n
o
pt
i
m
a
l
hy
p
e
r
p
l
a
n
e
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
s
e
pa
r
a
t
e
d
a
t
a
w
i
t
h
m
a
xim
u
m
m
a
r
g
i
n
.
T
h
e
m
a
r
g
i
n
i
s
de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
t
h
e
m
a
xim
a
l
w
i
dt
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
l
a
b
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
to
t
h
e
hy
pe
r
p
l
a
n
e
w
i
t
h
n
o
i
n
t
e
r
i
o
r
da
t
a
p
o
i
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
hy
pe
r
p
l
a
ne
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
de
p
e
n
ds
o
n
ke
r
ne
l
f
u
nc
t
i
o
ns
s
uc
h
a
s
Ga
us
s
i
a
n
,
po
l
y
n
o
mi
a
l
,
a
n
d
r
a
d
i
a
l
b
a
s
is
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
.
B
ot
h
Ga
us
s
i
a
n
a
n
d
r
a
d
i
a
l
b
a
s
i
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
ke
r
ne
l
s
c
a
n
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
hy
pe
r
p
l
a
n
e
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
c
a
us
e
t
h
e
y
s
uppo
r
t
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
li
t
y
o
f
t
r
a
i
ni
n
g
da
t
a
,
whi
c
h
m
e
a
n
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
da
t
a
c
a
n
b
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
s
e
pa
r
a
t
e
d.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
we
us
e
d
a
r
a
d
i
a
l
b
a
s
i
s
ke
r
n
e
l
.
T
o
b
u
i
l
d
t
h
e
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
,
f
i
ve
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
us
e
d,
whi
c
h
a
r
e
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
a
y
e
r
s
pe
r
c
e
pt
r
o
n
NN
,
S
VM
,
DT
,
R
F
,
a
n
d
k
-
NN
.
T
h
e
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
a
s
o
u
t
pu
t
,
wh
e
r
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
a
ggr
e
ga
t
e
d
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
a
s
a
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
.
E
a
c
h
m
a
t
r
i
x
h
a
s
a
pp
li
e
d
t
h
e
s
e
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
t
o
pr
e
d
i
c
t
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
's
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
a
s
a
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
pr
o
bl
e
m.
W
e
r
e
c
o
r
d
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
o
f
a
b
s
o
l
ut
e
e
r
r
or
s
(
M
A
E
)
,
m
e
d
i
a
n
o
f
a
bs
o
l
ut
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
(
M
dA
E
)
,
r
oot
m
e
a
n
o
f
s
qua
r
e
d
e
r
r
o
r
s
(
R
M
S
E
)
.
T
h
e
n
,
we
a
ggr
e
ga
t
e
M
A
E
,
M
d
A
E
,
a
nd
R
M
S
E
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
ge
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
c
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
e
d
m
o
de
l
a
t
t
e
m
pt
s
to
pr
e
di
c
t
t
h
e
pr
ob
a
bil
i
t
y
o
f
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
t
o
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
t
he
m
o
s
t
f
a
v
o
ur
e
d
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
I
n
t
hi
s
c
a
s
e
t
h
e
o
ut
pu
t
o
f
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
wo
u
l
d
b
e
i
n
t
hi
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
:
<
A
=
0.
3,
V=
0.
22,
K
=
0.
08,
R
=
0.
4>
.
T
h
e
n
a
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
c
a
n
b
e
s
pe
c
if
i
e
d
t
o
s
e
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
a
v
o
ur
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
T
o
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
s
h
t
h
a
t,
we
c
o
m
put
e
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
be
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
t
o
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
le
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
i
ng
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
Any
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
t
h
a
t
f
a
ll
s
w
i
t
hi
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
g
i
v
e
n
by
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
i
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
n
o
m
i
na
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
.
I
n
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
a
b
o
v
e
,
i
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
e
qua
l
s
0.
2,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
i
s
{
R
,
A
,
V}.
I
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
i
s
0
.
1,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
e
t
i
s
{R
,
A
}.
W
e
r
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
a
l
ue
be
n
o
t
v
e
r
y
s
m
a
ll
,
i
g
n
o
r
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
i
m
po
r
t
a
n
t
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
o
r
too
l
a
r
ge
i
nv
o
l
vin
g
a
l
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
D
IS
CU
S
S
I
ON
F
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
a
s
k,
we
us
e
d
t
h
e
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
a
s
o
ut
pu
t.
A
s
m
e
n
t
i
o
ne
d
in
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
do
l
o
g
y
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
we
h
a
v
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
e
d
a
n
a
r
r
a
y
o
f
f
o
ur
bi
n
a
r
y
m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s
,
wh
e
r
e
e
a
c
h
m
a
t
r
i
x
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pr
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
r
a
b
s
e
n
c
e
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2502
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4752
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0.0864
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0.1184
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N:
2502
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4752
P
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r
m
t
h
e
j
o
b
.
Ne
v
e
r
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
,
we
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
us
i
ng
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
o
n
e
,
whi
c
h
i
s
R
F
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
C
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
,
us
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
va
l
p
l
o
t
s
F
r
o
m
t
he
a
b
o
v
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
(
b
o
t
h
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
,
we
c
a
n
c
o
n
c
l
ude
t
h
a
t
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
o
pt
i
m
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
f
o
r
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
s
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
n
o
t
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
a
s
pr
e
di
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
a
s
pr
o
ba
bil
i
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
.
F
i
na
l
ly
,
i
t
i
s
im
po
r
t
a
n
t
to
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
li
mi
t
a
t
i
o
ns
a
r
e
a
ppa
r
e
n
t
i
n
o
ur
s
t
udy
's
l
a
s
t
pa
r
t
.
T
h
e
s
i
z
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
wa
s
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
ly
s
m
a
ll
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
s
t
ud
i
e
d
a
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
w
h
a
t
m
i
g
h
t
h
a
ve
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
d
t
h
e
s
t
udy
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
wo
u
l
d
be
m
o
r
e
pr
e
c
i
s
e
i
f
t
he
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
z
e
wa
s
l
a
r
ge
r
a
n
d
t
a
ke
n
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
un
i
ve
r
s
i
t
i
e
s
.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
S
t
ude
n
t
s
m
i
g
h
t
f
i
nd
t
h
a
t
un
de
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
ng
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pr
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
r
e
h
e
l
p
f
u
l
.
T
hi
s
i
s
s
uppo
r
t
e
d
by
r
e
c
o
gni
z
i
ng
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
a
n
d
a
ppr
ov
e
d
by
m
a
ny
s
t
ud
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
f
o
un
d
t
h
e
us
e
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
i
n
c
o
nj
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
ot
h
e
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
e
t
h
o
ds
e
nh
a
nc
e
s
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
c
hi
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
r
,
a
t
t
h
e
v
e
r
y
l
e
a
s
t,
m
a
ke
s
s
t
udy
i
ng
m
o
r
e
e
nj
o
y
a
b
l
e
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
i
s
a
mi
xe
d
-
met
h
o
d
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
h
a
t
a
i
m
s
to
pr
e
di
c
t
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
yl
e
s
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
m
i
xe
d
s
t
y
l
e
s
(
w
i
t
h
pr
o
b
a
bi
li
t
y
)
.
T
o
thi
s
e
n
d,
t
h
e
o
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
i
nve
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
.
T
h
e
n
t
h
e
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
w
a
s
ut
il
i
z
e
d
to
pr
o
vi
de
a
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
s
t
i
c
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
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s
t
y
l
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s
.
He
r
e
,
f
i
ve
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
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r
e
a
pp
li
e
d
a
s
r
e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
t
h
e
pr
o
b
a
bi
li
t
y
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
,
whi
c
h
a
r
e
m
u
lt
i
-
l
a
y
e
r
s
pe
r
c
e
pt
r
o
n
NN
,
S
VM
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DT
,
R
F
,
a
n
d
K
-
NN
.
A
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
72
s
t
ude
n
t
s
wa
s
r
a
n
do
m
ly
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
to
c
on
duc
t
o
ur
s
t
udy
.
T
he
s
a
m
p
l
e
da
t
a
wa
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
us
i
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V
A
R
K's
i
nve
n
to
r
y
que
s
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
w
i
t
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16
d
if
f
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r
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n
t
que
s
t
i
o
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t
o
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de
n
t
i
f
y
f
o
ur
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
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a
r
ni
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s
t
y
l
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s
:
V
A
R
K’
s
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
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R
F
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
w
a
s
t
h
e
s
up
e
r
i
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r
o
n
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53
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A
)
.
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o
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a
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d
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i
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.
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o,
we
c
o
n
c
l
ude
t
ha
t
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e
gr
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
go
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i
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hm
s
a
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o
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d
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g
s
t
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s
'
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
.
As
f
ut
ur
e
wo
r
k,
we
pl
a
n
t
o
a
ppl
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
t
o
o
ur
da
t
a
s
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t
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
m
o
r
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
r
e
s
po
n
s
e
s
to
c
o
n
duc
t
m
o
r
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
s
e
s
.
AC
K
NOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
a
ut
h
o
r
s
a
r
e
gr
a
t
e
f
u
l
t
o
t
h
e
A
pp
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
P
r
i
v
a
t
e
Uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
,
Amm
a
n
-
J
o
r
da
n
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
u
l
l
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
uppo
r
t
gr
a
n
t
e
d
to
c
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
publi
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
e
e
o
f
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1]
M
.
S
.
H
a
s
ib
ua
n,
L
.
E
.
N
ugr
o
h
o
,
a
nd
P
.
I
.
S
a
nt
o
s
a
,
“
M
o
de
l
d
e
t
e
c
t
in
g
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
w
it
h
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
ne
u
r
a
l
n
e
tw
o
r
k,”
J
our
nal
of
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and Sc
ie
nc
e
E
duc
at
io
n
, v
o
l.
9, n
o
. 1, pp. 85
–
95, 20
19, do
i:
10.3926/j
ot
s
e
.540.
[
2]
E
.
G
o
h
a
nd
M
.
S
ig
a
la
,
“
I
nt
e
g
r
a
ti
ng
I
n
f
or
ma
ti
o
n
&
C
o
m
muni
c
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
gi
e
s
(
I
C
T
)
in
t
o
c
la
s
s
r
oo
m
in
s
tr
u
c
ti
o
n:
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
ti
ps
f
or
h
o
s
p
it
a
li
t
y
e
duc
a
t
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
a
di
f
f
us
io
n
of
in
n
ov
a
ti
o
n
a
ppr
oa
c
h,”
J
our
nal
of
T
e
ac
hi
ng
in
T
r
av
e
l
and
T
our
is
m
,
v
o
l.
20,
n
o.
2,
pp. 156
–
165, Apr
. 2020, do
i:
10.1080
/1
5313220.2020.1740636
.
[
3]
J
.
L
.
M
oor
e
,
C
.
D
i
c
ks
o
n
-
D
e
a
n
e
,
a
nd
K
.
G
a
l
y
e
n,
“
E
-
L
e
a
r
ni
ng,
o
nl
in
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
a
nd
di
s
ta
nc
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
v
ir
o
n
me
nt
s
:
A
r
e
th
e
y
th
e
s
a
me
?
,”
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
and Highe
r
E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
14, n
o
. 2, pp. 129
–
135, 2011, do
i:
10.1016/j
.
ih
e
du
c
.2010.10.001.
[
4]
J
.
B
e
r
na
r
d,
T
.
W
.
C
ha
ng,
E
.
P
o
p
e
s
c
u,
a
nd
S
.
G
r
a
f
,
“
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
I
d
e
nt
i
f
i
e
r
:
I
mpr
ov
in
g
th
e
pr
e
c
is
i
o
n
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l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
id
e
nt
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f
ic
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ti
o
n
th
r
o
ugh
c
o
mput
a
ti
o
na
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
lg
o
r
it
hms
,
”
E
x
pe
r
t
Sy
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
,
vo
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2017,
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i:
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.
e
s
w
a
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[
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G
. C
h
e
ng a
nd J
. C
ha
u, “
E
x
pl
o
r
in
g t
h
e
r
e
la
ti
o
ns
hi
ps
b
e
twe
e
n
le
a
r
n
in
g s
t
y
l
e
s
,
o
nl
in
e
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n,
l
e
a
r
ni
ng a
c
hi
e
v
e
m
e
nt
a
nd
c
our
s
e
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n:
A
n
e
mpi
r
i
c
a
l
s
tu
d
y
of
a
bl
e
nd
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
c
o
ur
s
e
,”
B
r
it
is
h
J
our
nal
o
f
E
duc
at
io
nal
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
v
o
l.
47,
n
o.
2,
pp. 257
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a
r
. 2016, do
i:
10.1111/bj
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[
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M
. R
a
is
, F
. A
r
y
a
ni
,
a
nd A
.
S
. A
hma
r
,
“
T
h
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
of
t
h
e
i
nq
ui
r
y
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
o
de
l
a
nd l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
o
n t
h
e
d
r
a
w
in
g t
e
c
hn
iq
u
e
of
s
tu
de
nt
s
,”
G
lo
bal
J
our
nal
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
20, n
o
. 1, pp. 64
–
68, 2018, d
o
i:
10.26858/gj
e
e
v
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1
y
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[
7]
J
. W
. K
e
e
f
e
,
L
e
a
r
ni
ng s
ty
le
t
he
or
y
and pr
a
c
ti
c
e
. 1987.
[
8]
T
.
R
.
F
r
a
m
e
,
S
.
M
.
C
a
il
o
r
,
R
.
J
.
G
r
y
ka
,
A
.
M
.
C
he
n,
M
.
E
.
K
ie
r
s
ma
,
a
nd
L
.
S
he
ppa
r
d,
“
S
tu
d
e
nt
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
ns
of
t
e
a
m
-
ba
s
e
d
le
a
r
ni
ng
v
s
tr
a
di
ti
o
na
l
l
e
c
tu
r
e
-
ba
s
e
d
le
a
r
ni
ng,”
A
m
e
r
ic
an
J
our
nal
of
P
har
m
ac
e
ut
ic
al
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
79,
n
o
.
4,
2
015,
do
i:
10.5688/ajp
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[
9]
A
.
B
ha
ga
t,
R
.
V
y
a
s
,
a
nd
T
.
S
in
gh,
“
S
tu
de
nt
s
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
of
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
a
nd
th
e
ir
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
ns
to
a
mi
xe
d
me
th
o
d
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
le
a
r
ni
ng,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
ie
d
and
B
as
ic
M
e
d
ic
al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
vo
l.
5
,
n
o
.
4,
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o
i:
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.162281.
[
10]
N
.
D
.
F
le
mi
ng
a
nd
D
.
B
a
ume
,
“
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
S
t
y
l
e
s
A
ga
in
:
V
A
R
K
in
g
up
th
e
r
ig
ht
tr
e
e
!
,”
E
duc
at
io
nal
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
s
,
SE
D
A
L
td
,
vo
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o
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–
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[
11]
D
.
C
.
K
a
y
e
s
,
“
I
nt
e
r
na
l
v
a
li
di
t
y
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bi
li
t
y
of
K
o
lb
’
s
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
ty
l
e
in
ve
nt
o
r
y
v
e
r
s
io
n
3
(
1999)
,”
J
our
nal
o
f
B
us
in
e
s
s
and
P
s
y
c
hol
ogy
, vo
l.
20, n
o
. 2, pp. 249
–
257, 2005, d
oi
:
10.1007/s
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[
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F
.
C
of
f
ie
ld
,
D
.
M
o
s
e
l
e
y
,
E
.
H
a
ll
,
a
nd
K
.
E
c
c
l
e
s
t
o
ne
,
“
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
a
nd
pe
da
go
g
y
in
p
o
s
t
-
16
le
a
r
ni
ng
:
A
s
y
s
te
ma
ti
c
a
nd
c
r
it
ic
a
l
r
e
v
i
e
w
. N
a
ti
o
na
l
C
e
nt
r
e
f
or
V
o
c
a
ti
o
na
l
E
du
c
a
ti
o
n R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h (
N
C
V
E
R
)
,”
2004.
[
13]
F
.
R
a
s
he
e
d
a
nd
A
.
W
a
hi
d,
“
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
d
e
t
e
c
ti
o
n
in
E
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
ms
us
in
g
ma
c
hi
n
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
,”
E
x
pe
r
t
Sy
s
te
m
s
w
it
h A
ppl
ic
at
i
ons
, vo
l.
174, 2021, d
o
i:
10.1016
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.e
s
w
a
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[
14]
O
.
E
l
A
is
s
a
o
ui
,
Y
.
E
l
A
la
mi
E
l
M
a
da
ni
,
L
.
O
ughdir
,
a
nd
Y
.
E
l
A
ll
i
o
ui
,
“
A
f
uz
z
y
c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
f
or
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
ty
l
e
pr
e
di
c
ti
o
n
ba
s
e
d
o
n
w
e
b
mi
n
in
g
te
c
hni
qu
e
in
e
-
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
v
i
r
onme
nt
s
,”
E
duc
a
ti
on
and
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
v
ol
.
24,
n
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3,
pp. 1943
–
1959, M
a
y
2019, d
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:
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[
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O
.
E
l
A
is
s
a
o
ui
,
Y
.
E
.
A
.
E
l
M
a
da
ni
,
L
.
O
ughdir
,
a
nd
Y
.
E
l
A
ll
io
ui
,
“
C
o
mbi
ni
ng
s
up
e
r
v
is
e
d
a
nd
uns
upe
r
v
is
e
d
ma
c
hi
n
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
lg
o
r
it
h
ms
to
pr
e
d
ic
t
th
e
le
a
r
n
e
r
s
’
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
,”
in
P
r
oc
e
di
a
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
,
2019,
v
o
l.
148,
pp.
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–
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do
i:
10.1016/j
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o
c
s
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16]
G
.
A
.
M
.
K
a
lh
o
r
o
,
A
.
A
hm
e
d,
a
nd
S
.
R
a
jp
e
r
,
“
D
e
t
e
c
ti
o
n
of
E
-
L
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
’
L
e
a
r
n
in
g
S
t
y
l
e
s
:
A
n
A
ut
o
ma
ti
c
A
ppr
o
a
c
h
us
in
g
D
e
c
i
s
io
n
T
r
e
e
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
ie
nc
e
and I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n Se
c
ur
it
y
, v
o
l.
14, n
o
. 8, p. 420, 2016.
[
17]
O
.
P
a
nt
ho
,
“
U
s
in
g
D
e
c
is
io
n
T
r
e
e
C
4.
5
A
lg
o
r
it
hm
t
o
P
r
e
di
c
t
V
A
R
K
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
S
t
y
l
e
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
th
e
C
om
put
e
r
,
th
e
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
and M
anage
m
e
nt
,
v
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[
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B
.
H
m
e
dna
,
A
.
E
l
M
e
z
o
ua
r
y
,
a
nd
O
.
B
a
z
,
“
I
de
n
ti
f
y
in
g
a
nd
tr
a
c
ki
ng
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
in
M
O
O
C
s
:
A
n
e
ur
a
l
n
e
tw
o
r
ks
a
ppr
o
a
c
h,”
A
dv
anc
e
s
i
n I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
Sy
s
te
m
s
and C
om
put
in
g
, v
o
l.
520, n
o
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i:
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M
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S
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.
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V
.
Y
a
nni
be
ll
i,
D
.
G
o
d
oy
,
a
nd
A
.
A
ma
ndi
,
“
A
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
o
r
e
c
o
gni
s
e
s
tu
de
n
ts
’
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
ac
ti
v
e
L
e
ar
ni
ng E
nv
ir
onm
e
nt
s
, v
o
l.
14, n
o
. 1, pp. 55
–
78, Apr
. 2006, d
o
i:
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[
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Y
.
C
.
C
ha
ng
,
W
.
Y
.
K
a
o
,
C
.
P
.
C
hu,
a
nd
C
.
H
.
C
hi
u,
“
A
le
a
r
n
in
g
s
t
y
l
e
c
la
s
s
if
i
c
a
ti
o
n
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
f
o
r
e
-
le
a
r
ni
ng,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
and
E
duc
at
io
n
, vol
. 53, n
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. 2, pp. 273
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i:
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c
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[
21]
C
.
L
w
a
nd
e
,
L
.
M
uc
h
e
mi
,
a
nd
R
.
O
b
o
k
o
,
“
I
de
nt
i
f
y
in
g
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
a
nd
c
o
gn
it
i
ve
tr
a
it
s
in
a
le
a
r
ni
ng
ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
y
s
te
m,”
H
e
li
y
on
, vo
l.
7, n
o
. 8, p. e
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A
.
L
in
c
k
e
, M
. J
a
ns
e
n, M
. M
il
r
a
d, a
nd E
.
B
e
r
g
e
, “
T
he
pe
r
f
o
r
ma
nc
e
of
s
o
m
e
ma
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng a
ppr
o
a
c
he
s
a
nd
a
r
i
c
h
c
o
nt
e
x
t
m
o
d
e
l
in
s
tu
de
nt
a
ns
w
e
r
pr
e
di
c
ti
o
n,”
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
and
P
r
ac
ti
c
e
in
T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
E
nhanc
e
d
L
e
ar
ni
ng
,
v
o
l.
16,
no
.
1,
pp.
1
–
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D
e
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41039
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C
.
R
o
me
r
o
a
nd
S
.
V
e
nt
ur
a
,
“
E
du
c
a
ti
o
na
l
da
ta
mi
ni
ng
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
na
l
y
t
ic
s
:
A
n
upda
te
d
s
ur
v
e
y
,”
W
il
e
y
I
nt
e
r
di
s
c
ip
li
nar
y
R
e
v
ie
w
s
:
D
at
a M
in
in
g and K
now
le
dge
D
is
c
ov
e
r
y
, v
o
l.
10, n
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. 3
, p. e
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m.1355.
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[
24]
A
.
J
ov
i
ć
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.
B
r
ki
ć
,
a
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N
.
B
o
gun
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i
ć
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v
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of
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r
e
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o
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e
n
e
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a
l
da
ta
mi
n
in
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2014
37t
h
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nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
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onv
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n
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nf
or
m
at
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om
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uni
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at
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e
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hnol
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