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e
a
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i
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gy
s
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po
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nt
us
e
d
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c
o
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o
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c
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-
i
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a
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e
d
s
y
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e
m
s
.
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Cs
o
f
fe
r
m
a
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y
a
dv
a
n
t
a
ge
s
o
ve
r
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ra
di
t
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l
t
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po
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e
s
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uc
h
a
s
t
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a
b
i
l
i
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y
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o
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n
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ra
t
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n
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r
gy
b
a
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o
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i
t
y
,
s
i
n
us
o
i
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l
i
n
p
ut
a
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d
o
ut
put
c
u
rr
e
nt
s
a
nd
a
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
a
b
l
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n
pu
t
c
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rr
e
n
t
di
s
pl
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
[
5,
6]
.
T
h
e
S
P
M
C
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
It
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
of
i
n
pu
t
a
n
d
o
ut
put
l
i
n
e
s
w
i
t
h
f
o
ur
b
i
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
pa
b
l
e
i
n
c
o
n
duc
t
i
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g
c
u
rr
e
nt
i
n
b
o
t
h
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
w
hi
l
s
t
a
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
b
l
oc
ki
n
g
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
a
n
d
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
vo
l
t
a
ge
s
[7
-
9].
S
P
M
C
i
s
a
s
a
dv
a
n
c
e
c
i
r
c
ui
t
t
ha
t
c
a
n
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
i
ng
i
n
a
n
y
t
y
p
e
of
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
de
pe
n
ds
o
n
t
h
e
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
.
It
c
a
n
b
e
r
u
n
e
i
t
he
r
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
de
pe
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
.
T
h
e
b
i
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
v
o
l
ve
s
of
a
n
t
i
-
pa
ra
l
l
e
l
IG
B
T
s
w
i
t
h
di
o
de
pa
i
r
s
[10
-
14
]
a
s
sh
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
,
a
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
c
u
rr
e
n
t
t
o
f
l
ow
i
n
b
o
t
h
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
ns
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
S
P
M
C
c
i
r
c
ui
t
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
Co
m
m
o
n
E
m
i
t
t
e
r
A
nt
i
p
a
ra
l
l
e
l
IG
B
T
w
i
t
h
di
o
de
p
a
i
r
s
3.
C
O
M
M
U
TA
TI
O
N
P
R
O
B
L
EM
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
i
n
m
a
t
ri
x
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
c
o
m
m
ut
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
ha
t
c
o
ul
d
l
e
a
d
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
r
c
urr
e
n
t
s
pi
ke
s
due
t
o
t
h
e
us
e
d
of
i
n
duc
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d.
It
o
c
c
ur
du
r
i
n
g
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
t
urn
‘O
F
F
’
a
n
d
h
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
e
xi
s
t
e
n
c
e
o
f
po
s
s
i
b
l
e
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
c
urr
e
nt
[7
].
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
s
e
r
i
o
us
i
s
s
ue
s
r
e
l
a
t
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d
t
o
t
h
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c
o
nt
r
o
l
o
f
f
o
ur
qua
d
ra
n
t
s
w
i
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c
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s
;
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i
t
h
e
r
de
a
d
-
t
i
m
e
n
o
r
c
o
n
duc
t
i
o
n
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
i
s
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l
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o
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d
o
n
c
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
s
w
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t
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e
s
c
o
m
m
ut
a
t
e
t
h
e
i
n
duc
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
c
urr
e
n
t
.
In
m
a
t
ri
x
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
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r
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l
pa
t
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s
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o
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o
a
d
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o
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m
pe
l
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o
b
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s
a
fe
l
y
c
o
m
m
u
t
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
num
e
r
o
us
m
e
t
h
o
ds
[15
-
25].
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
i
s
s
ue
s
a
s
s
oc
i
a
t
e
d
w
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o
m
m
u
t
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p
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l
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m
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f
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s
w
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t
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s
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n
d
p
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pa
ga
t
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de
l
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y
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f
de
v
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c
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s
w
h
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n
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n
g
t
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m
i
c
o
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duc
t
o
r
s
w
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c
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s
r
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s
ul
t
i
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w
i
t
h
po
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s
i
b
l
e
s
h
o
r
t
c
i
r
c
ui
t
.
A
s
a
r
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s
u
l
t
s
,
t
h
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a
f
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-
c
o
m
m
ut
a
t
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t
r
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gy
m
us
t
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e
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p
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n
m
i
nd
w
h
e
n
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t
i
l
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s
e
w
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t
h
t
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e
S
P
M
C
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
.
4.
F
O
U
R
Q
U
A
D
R
A
N
T
O
P
ER
A
TI
O
N
F
i
gu
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
vo
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
c
u
rr
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
fo
r
f
o
ur
-
qua
dra
n
t
o
pe
ra
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
D
C
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
i
s
a
s
e
pa
ra
t
e
l
y
e
xc
i
t
e
d
m
o
t
o
r
o
f
c
o
n
s
t
a
nt
f
i
e
l
d,
t
h
e
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
vo
l
t
a
ge
a
nd
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
c
urr
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
qua
d
r
a
nt
(Q
1)
,
r
i
s
i
ng
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
t
h
a
t
c
a
us
e
“
fo
r
w
a
r
d
d
ri
v
e
”
c
o
n
di
t
i
o
n
.
W
h
i
l
e
c
ha
n
gi
ng
t
h
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po
l
a
ri
t
y
of
bo
t
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t
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n
d
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rm
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t
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r
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rre
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i
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a
“
r
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r
s
e
”
d
r
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i
n
qu
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d
r
a
nt
II
I
(Q
3).
I
n
q
ua
d
ra
n
t
s
II
(Q
2)
a
n
d
IV
(Q
4)
,
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
n
e
r
gy
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m
o
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r
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ra
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ra
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o
r
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r
a
k
i
n
g
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
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a
n
d
ri
v
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ng.
I
II
III
IV
F
o
r
w
a
r
d
B
r
e
a
k
i
n
g
V
L
+
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r
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M
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g
V
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F
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r
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3
.
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ra
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r
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3
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3
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f
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F
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r
a
t
i
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s
[14
,
17,
18]
.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
ude
of
t
h
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c
on
v
e
r
t
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1
.
F
i
r
s
t
Q
u
ad
r
an
t
O
p
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r
ati
o
n
(
Q
1)
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o
r
Q
1
o
p
e
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(f
o
r
w
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e
3.
B
a
s
e
d
o
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t
h
e
s
w
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h
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a
b
l
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s
w
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N
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l
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a
s
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us
t
ra
t
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d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
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4(a
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F
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
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c
o
m
m
ut
a
t
i
o
n
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c
hn
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q
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,
s
w
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s
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ur
n
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N
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w
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n
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h
t
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c
hn
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s
t
o
r
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d
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t
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l
o
a
d
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ul
d
b
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o
m
m
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d
t
hr
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h
s
w
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d
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a
s
i
l
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us
t
r
a
t
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d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
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4(b
).
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h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
Q
1
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
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F
i
gu
r
e
4(c
).
T
a
b
l
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1
.
S
w
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c
hi
n
g
P
a
t
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rn
f
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o
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a
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ra
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t
D
C
t
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D
C
Co
nv
e
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S
w
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F
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s
t
Q
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d
ra
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t
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d
Q
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a
d
ra
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t
T
h
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Q
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a
d
ra
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t
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o
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a
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1
a
ON
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F
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F
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S
1
b
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ON
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F
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P
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M
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b
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4
a
P
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F
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4
b
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F
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F
F
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F
F
t
0
t
1
t
2
t
3
Q
1
S
1
a
&
S
2
b
S
4
a
S
w
i
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ch
t
t
(a
)
(b
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F
i
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4
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a
)
Cu
rr
e
n
t
f
l
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fo
r
Q
1
,
(b
)
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rr
e
n
t
f
l
ow
w
i
t
h
s
a
f
e
-
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o
m
m
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t
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n
s
t
ra
t
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gy
a
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d
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)
S
w
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c
h
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g
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t
hm
f
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Q
1
o
pe
ra
t
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n
5
.
2
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S
e
c
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n
d
Q
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ad
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p
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r
ati
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n
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2)
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o
r
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2
o
pe
ra
t
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n
,
t
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e
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o
a
d
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t
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t
p
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f
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s
i
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
a
s
t
a
b
ul
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t
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d
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T
a
b
l
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1
,
s
w
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c
h
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s
S
1b
a
nd
S
4b
a
r
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t
u
rn
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N
,
a
l
l
o
w
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g
c
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rr
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n
t
f
l
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ut
of
t
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l
o
a
d
a
s
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us
t
ra
t
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d
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i
gu
r
e
5(a
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.
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o
r
t
h
e
s
a
f
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-
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m
m
ut
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t
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o
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hni
que
,
s
w
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S
1b
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rn
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O
N
,
w
h
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l
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c
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d
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t
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r
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5b
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5
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5.
3
.
Th
i
r
d
Q
u
ad
r
an
t
O
p
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r
ati
o
n
(
Q
3)
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o
r
Q
3
o
pe
ra
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
v
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l
t
a
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p
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f
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l
e
s
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s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
w
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t
c
h
i
n
g
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
a
s
t
a
b
ul
a
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1,
s
w
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t
c
h
e
s
S
2a
a
n
d
S
3
a
a
r
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t
u
rn
-
O
N
,
a
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
c
urr
e
n
t
f
l
o
w
f
r
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m
t
h
e
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nput
s
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ur
c
e
t
o
t
h
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l
o
a
d
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n
d
r
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t
u
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k
t
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t
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s
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c
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a
s
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l
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us
t
ra
t
e
d
i
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F
i
gu
r
e
6(a
)
.
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o
r
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
-
c
o
m
m
ut
a
t
i
o
n
t
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que
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s
w
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c
h
S
1b
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s
t
u
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N
,
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he
n
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s
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F
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h
t
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s
t
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d
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t
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t
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m
m
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h
s
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i
s
i
l
l
us
t
r
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t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
6(b
).
t
6
t
7
t
8
t
9
Q
3
S
1
b
&
S
2
a
S
3
a
S
w
i
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t
t
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
F
i
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r
e
6
.
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a
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rr
e
n
t
f
l
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fo
r
Q
3
,
(b
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rr
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n
t
f
l
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w
i
t
h
s
a
f
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-
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m
m
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t
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n
s
t
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t
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gy
a
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d
(c
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S
w
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t
c
h
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n
g
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
f
o
r
Q
3
o
pe
ra
t
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n
5.
4
.
F
o
u
r
th
Q
u
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r
an
t
O
p
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r
at
i
o
n
(
Q
4)
F
o
r
Q
4
o
pe
r
a
t
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o
n
,
t
h
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l
o
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l
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s
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s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
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F
i
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r
e
3.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
a
s
t
a
b
ul
a
t
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d
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T
a
b
l
e
1,
s
w
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t
c
h
e
s
S
2b
a
n
d
S
3b
a
r
e
t
u
rn
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O
N
,
a
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
c
urr
e
nt
f
l
o
w
f
r
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m
t
h
e
b
a
c
k
E
M
F
t
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t
h
e
l
o
a
d
a
nd
r
e
t
u
rn
b
a
c
k
t
o
t
h
e
n
e
ga
t
i
v
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n
p
ut
o
f
b
a
c
k
E
M
F
a
s
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
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F
i
gu
r
e
7
(a
)
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
-
c
o
m
m
ut
a
t
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o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
,
s
w
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t
c
h
S
2b
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s
t
u
rn
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O
N
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
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s
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F
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hr
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h
t
h
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c
hn
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q
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,
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s
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d
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t
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l
o
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d
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m
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t
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h
s
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a
s
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l
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t
r
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d
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F
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gu
r
e
7(b
).
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(b
)
(c
)
F
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r
e
7
.
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a
)
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rr
e
n
t
f
l
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fo
r
Q
4
,
(b
)
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rr
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n
t
f
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w
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s
a
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S
w
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c
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g
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t
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f
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Q
4
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pe
ra
t
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n
6.
C
O
M
P
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TER
S
I
M
U
LA
TI
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N
M
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D
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L
In
t
h
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s
w
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M
A
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B
/
S
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m
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l
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n
k
(M
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h
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d
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a
b
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d
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a
b
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2.
F
i
g
ur
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
o
p
m
a
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n
m
o
de
l
of
t
h
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pr
o
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s
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d
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n
M
L
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.
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hi
s
b
l
o
c
k
m
o
de
l
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l
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P
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M
ge
ne
r
a
t
o
r
,
t
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nt
r
o
l
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s
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15]
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18]
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A
,
pp.
14
9
–
15
4,
20
10.
[
19]
M
.
F
.
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o
hd
Z
i
n,
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.
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241
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[
20]
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9,
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3
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g
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s
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7
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1005
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e
a
r
:
2018
.
[
21]
I
dr
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s
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.
;
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.
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a
m
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h,
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;
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h,
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;
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"
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t
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pe
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na
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and
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ne
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gy
(
P
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,
vo
l
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no
.
,
pp
.
35
4
-
359
,
1
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e
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.
201
4
[
22]
N
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g
i
s
a
T
a
k
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ka
;
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i
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ki
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ka
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s
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un
-
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t
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l
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r
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s
f
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P
o
w
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o
upl
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C
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pa
b
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l
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t
y
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,
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
o
n
s
on
I
nd
us
t
r
y
A
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
,
V
o
l
um
e
:
54,
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s
s
ue
:
2,
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a
g
e
s
:
1523
–
1531
,
Y
e
a
r
:
2018
.
[
23]
Y
us
ha
n
L
i
u;
W
e
i
hu
a
L
i
a
ng
;
B
a
o
m
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G
e
;
H
a
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t
ha
m
A
bu
-
R
ub;
N
i
ng
N
i
e
,
“
Q
ua
s
i
-
Z
-
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c
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hr
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e
-
to
-
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l
e
-
P
h
a
s
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M
a
t
r
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x
C
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nv
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r
t
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r
a
nd
R
i
pp
l
e
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
m
pe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
M
o
de
l
P
r
e
di
c
t
i
v
e
C
o
nt
r
o
l
”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
ac
t
i
ons
on
I
ndu
s
t
r
i
al
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
,
V
o
l
um
e
:
65
,
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s
s
ue
:
6,
P
a
g
e
s
:
5146
–
51
56
,
Y
e
a
r
:
2018
.
[
24]
D
i
o
go
V
a
r
a
j
ã
o
;
R
ui
E
s
t
e
v
e
s
A
r
a
új
o
;
L
uí
s
M
i
g
ue
l
M
i
r
a
n
da
;
J
o
ã
o
A
.
P
e
ç
a
s
L
o
pe
s
,
“
M
o
du
l
a
t
i
o
n
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
f
o
r
a
S
i
ng
l
e
-
S
t
a
g
e
B
i
d
i
r
e
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t
i
o
na
l
a
n
d
I
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
A
C
–
D
C
M
a
t
r
i
x
C
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nv
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r
t
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r
f
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t
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g
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,
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T
r
ans
ac
t
i
ons
on
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ndu
s
t
r
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l
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ni
c
s
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V
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l
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65
,
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s
s
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:
4,
P
a
g
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s
:
3458
–
3
468
,
Y
e
a
r
:
2018.
[
25]
L
uka
s
S
c
hr
i
t
t
w
i
e
s
e
r
;
P
a
t
r
i
c
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C
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t
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s
;
L
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s
F
ä
s
s
l
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;
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o
m
i
ni
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;
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ha
nn
W
.
K
o
l
a
r
,
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M
o
du
l
a
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n
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nd
C
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r
o
l
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f
a
T
h
r
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-
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h
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s
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-
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a
r
I
s
o
l
a
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d
M
a
t
r
i
x
-
T
y
pe
P
F
C
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
on
s
o
n
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
,
V
o
l
um
e
:
33,
I
s
s
ue
:
6,
P
a
g
e
s
:
4703
–
471
5,
Y
e
a
r
:
2018
.
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