I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
May
201
8
,
p
p
.
6
0
6
~6
1
6
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ee
cs
.
v
1
0
.
i2
.
p
p
606
-
6
1
6
606
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
ijeec
s
RF
Ene
rg
y
H
a
rv
e
sting
w
ith
M
ultiple
So
urces
in Wirel
ess
Mes
h
Netw
o
rk
K
.
N.
P
un
ira
n
1
,
Ah
m
a
d
Ro
bi
a
h
*
2
,
Rudzid
a
t
ul A
k
m
a
m
Dz
iy
a
ud
din
3
1
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
P
e
tr
o
f
a
c
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
e
rv
ice
s (M
a
la
y
sia
)
S
d
n
Bh
d
Ja
lan
Am
p
a
n
g
,
Ku
a
la L
u
m
p
u
r,
M
a
la
y
sia
2,
3
Ra
z
a
k
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
Ja
lan
S
e
m
a
r
a
k
,
Ku
a
la L
u
m
p
u
r,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
N
o
v
1
5
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
En
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
(EH)
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
p
ro
m
isin
g
fe
a
tu
re
to
p
ro
lo
n
g
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
b
a
tt
e
ry
in
sid
e
th
e
d
e
v
ice
s.
T
h
is
e
m
e
rg
in
g
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
g
a
in
in
g
in
tere
st
f
ro
m
se
n
so
r
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
re
r
s
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
icia
n
s
a
c
ro
ss
th
e
g
lo
b
e
.
Th
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
EH
m
o
d
u
le
m
u
st
b
e
c
o
st
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l.
I
n
su
c
h
,
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
EH
m
o
d
u
le
ty
p
e
b
e
sid
e
s
RF
is
m
o
re
re
a
li
stic
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
si
z
e
o
f
th
e
sc
a
v
e
n
g
e
r
m
o
d
u
le,
th
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
.
M
o
st
o
f
th
e
o
il
a
n
d
g
a
s
p
lan
ts
h
a
v
e
so
m
e
d
ra
w
b
a
c
k
s
in
sc
a
v
e
n
g
i
n
g
RF
f
ro
m
su
rro
u
n
d
i
n
g
(i.
e
.
ro
u
t
e
r,
W
i
-
F
i,
b
a
se
sta
ti
o
n
,
c
e
ll
p
h
o
n
e
)
d
u
e
t
o
it
s
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
in
re
m
o
te
a
re
a
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
l
im
it
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
c
o
u
ld
b
e
a
th
r
e
a
t
in
th
is
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
M
u
lt
ip
l
e
so
u
rc
e
s,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
c
o
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
(CCI)
in
a
n
y
c
o
n
stra
in
t
n
o
d
e
s
is
a
f
e
a
sib
le
w
a
y
o
f
sc
a
v
e
n
g
in
g
se
v
e
ra
l
w
a
ste
s
f
ro
m
a
m
b
ien
t
RF
e
n
e
rg
y
v
ia
w
irele
ss
m
e
sh
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
3
-
n
o
d
e
d
e
c
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
rw
a
rd
(DF)
m
o
d
e
l
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
w
h
e
re
th
e
re
lay
n
o
d
e
is
su
b
jec
t
to
a
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
stra
in
t
.
M
u
lt
ip
le
p
rim
a
r
y
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
CCI
a
re
a
d
d
e
d
in
th
e
s
y
ste
m
m
o
d
e
l
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
M
u
lt
ip
le
-
S
o
u
rc
e
a
n
d
S
i
n
g
le
-
Re
la
y
(M
S
S
R).
A
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
is
d
e
riv
e
d
in
T
im
e
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Re
la
y
in
g
(
T
S
R)
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
S
p
li
tt
in
g
Re
la
y
in
g
(P
S
R)
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
to
o
b
tai
n
a
n
a
v
e
ra
g
e
s
y
st
e
m
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
t
a
d
e
stin
a
ti
o
n
.
N
u
m
e
ric
a
l
sim
u
latio
n
w
it
h
re
sp
e
c
t
to
th
e
a
v
e
ra
g
e
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
EH
ra
ti
o
w
a
s
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
th
e
S
i
n
g
le
-
S
o
u
rc
e
a
n
d
S
in
g
le
-
Re
lay
(S
S
S
R)
a
n
d
id
e
a
l
re
c
e
iv
e
r.
B
y
a
p
p
l
y
in
g
m
u
lt
ip
le
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
CCI
a
s
a
n
e
n
e
rg
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
c
o
n
stra
i
n
t
n
o
d
e
,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
v
a
lu
e
o
f
EH
ra
ti
o
f
o
r
T
S
R
c
a
n
b
e
re
d
u
c
e
d
sig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
b
y
1
0
%
a
s
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
th
e
id
e
a
l
re
c
e
iv
e
r
w
h
e
re
a
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
v
a
lu
e
o
f
EH
ra
ti
o
f
o
r
P
S
R
is
o
u
tw
e
ig
h
T
S
R
in
term
s
o
f
o
v
e
r
a
ll
sy
ste
m
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Co
-
c
h
an
n
el
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
Dec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
E
n
er
g
y
Har
v
e
s
tin
g
E
r
g
o
d
ic
C
ap
ac
it
y
Me
s
h
Net
w
o
r
k
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
o
b
iah
A
h
m
ad
R
az
ak
Sc
h
o
o
l o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
A
d
v
an
ce
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ala
y
s
ia
,
J
alan
Se
m
ar
ak
,
K
u
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
E
m
ail: r
o
b
iah
a
h
m
ad
@
u
t
m
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
F e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
h
ar
n
ess
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
a
m
b
ien
t to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
s
to
r
e
en
er
g
y
in
w
ir
e
less
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
e
v
ices.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
R
F
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
i
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
a
t,
th
e
o
v
er
all
co
s
t
o
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t
im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
if
w
i
r
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
d
ep
lo
y
ed
,
h
e
n
ce
w
ill
el
i
m
in
ate
t
h
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ca
b
le.
No
n
eth
eles
s
,
th
e
r
etu
r
n
o
n
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
an
d
o
u
t
w
eig
h
t
h
e
w
ir
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
s
y
s
te
m
late
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
i
n
ce
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
ata
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
’
s
s
ca
n
r
ate
ca
n
b
e
s
et
f
aster
w
it
h
o
u
t
lo
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
p
o
w
er
in
les
s
er
ti
m
e,
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
es
p
o
w
er
n
et
w
o
r
k
r
an
g
e
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
R
F
E
n
erg
y
Ha
r
ve
s
tin
g
w
ith
Mu
ltip
le
S
o
u
r
ce
s
in
W
ir
ele
s
s
Me
s
h
N
etw
o
r
k
(
K
.
N
.
P
u
n
ir
a
n
)
607
T
y
p
icall
y
,
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
o
p
er
ates
in
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial,
Scie
n
ti
f
ic
an
d
Me
d
ical
(
I
SM)
2
.
4
GHz
r
a
d
io
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
u
s
es
s
ev
e
r
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
co
ex
is
t
w
i
th
o
th
er
w
ir
ele
s
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
an
d
s
[
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
es is
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
w
h
er
e
ea
c
h
s
e
g
m
en
t
h
as
s
ev
er
al
w
ir
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ev
ices
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
p
ac
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
ce
s
e
m
b
ed
w
it
h
a
u
n
iq
u
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
(
I
D)
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
i
s
o
latio
n
is
an
o
t
h
er
co
ex
is
te
n
ce
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
av
o
id
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
w
ir
eles
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
an
d
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
at,
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
d
ev
ices
ar
e
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er
d
e
v
ices,
an
d
th
i
s
m
a
y
aid
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
f
r
o
m
i
n
t
er
f
er
in
g
w
i
th
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
An
o
t
h
er
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
k
e
y
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
co
ex
is
te
n
ce
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
s
p
atia
l
d
iv
er
s
it
y
.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
th
e
s
el
f
-
o
r
g
an
izi
n
g
m
es
h
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
ca
n
h
o
p
o
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
d
s
e
v
e
r
al
p
ath
s
w
ith
in
it
s
s
eg
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
m
a
y
e
x
p
o
s
e
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
R
F
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
T
h
e
w
ir
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ev
ice
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
c
h
an
n
el
h
o
p
p
in
g
an
d
u
s
e
s
1
5
ch
a
n
n
el
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
2
.
4
GHz
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
th
u
s
e
n
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
n
o
n
e
o
r
s
ev
er
al
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
w
il
l
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
Dir
ec
t
Seq
u
e
n
c
e
Sp
r
ea
d
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
(
D
SS
S)
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
T
im
e
S
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ized
Me
s
h
P
r
o
to
co
l
(
T
SM
P
)
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
DS
SS
co
d
in
g
is
to
av
o
id
n
et
w
o
r
k
j
a
m
m
i
n
g
,
ch
a
n
n
el
s
h
ar
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
SNR
r
atio
w
h
er
ea
s
T
SMP
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
tim
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
i
s
atio
n
in
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
n
d
it
is
lik
e
l
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
b
atter
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
io
n
s
s
ee
m
v
ital
to
co
n
v
e
y
a
n
d
a
d
ap
t
MSSR
in
R
F
w
ir
eles
s
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t to
s
ca
v
en
g
e
m
u
lt
ip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
C
C
I
.
A
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
i
n
t
n
o
d
e
b
et
w
ee
n
a
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
r
ela
y
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
r
ela
y
o
p
er
atio
n
p
o
lic
y
,
r
ela
y
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
3
]
.
I
n
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
r
elay
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
r
ela
y
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
b
en
ef
icia
l
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
f
ad
i
n
g
an
d
atten
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
ig
n
al
d
u
e
to
its
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
p
ath
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
i
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
s
u
itab
le
to
ap
p
l
y
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
R
F
E
H
n
et
w
o
r
k
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
es.
I
n
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
in
g
R
F
E
H
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
a
in
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
(
i.e
.
r
elay
o
p
er
atio
n
)
an
d
M
u
lt
ip
le
A
cc
e
s
s
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
M
A
C
)
la
y
er
(
i.e
.
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
)
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
la
y
er
(
i.e
.
r
ela
y
s
e
lectio
n
)
.
Fo
r
s
i
m
p
licit
y
,
th
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
s
p
er
f
ec
t
c
h
an
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
C
SI)
o
r
o
th
er
w
is
e
it b
ec
o
m
e
s
co
m
p
le
x
.
R
F
w
ir
e
less
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
t
r
an
s
p
o
r
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
a
s
w
el
l
as
p
o
w
er
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
its
d
esti
n
atio
n
[
4
]
an
d
[
5
]
.
A
s
i
n
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
(
2
)
s
ch
e
m
e
s
i
n
D
F
m
o
d
el
w
i
t
h
r
ela
y
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e,
n
a
m
e
l
y
T
i
m
e
S
w
itc
h
in
g
R
e
la
y
i
n
g
(
T
SR
)
an
d
P
SR
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
Si
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
W
ir
eles
s
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
P
o
w
er
T
r
an
s
f
er
(
SW
I
PT
)
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
is
a
n
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
in
[
4
]
w
h
er
e
it
is
r
e
alize
d
o
n
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
in
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
a
s
in
g
le
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
E
H.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
o
n
l
y
a
s
s
u
m
e
a
s
i
n
g
le
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
w
it
h
a
s
i
n
g
le
r
ela
y
i
n
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
o
u
t a
n
y
m
u
lti
p
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ass
i
s
ted
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
C
C
I
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
r
ela
y
i
n
g
co
n
ce
p
t,
C
C
I
w
i
th
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
s
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
a
l
w
il
l
d
eter
io
r
ate
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
r
b
y
d
ec
o
d
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
a
s
s
tated
i
n
[
9
]
an
d
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
C
C
I
s
i
g
n
al
is
tr
ea
ted
as
a
n
e
w
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
E
H
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
a
w
aste
e
n
er
g
y
.
P
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
,
i
n
[
1
1
]
an
d
[
1
2
]
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
i
n
DF
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ts
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
s
,
an
d
u
s
e
s
to
d
ec
o
d
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
it
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
ai
m
i
s
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
o
v
er
a
ll
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
E
H
r
atio
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
a
l
u
es
o
f
a
v
er
ag
e
S
NR
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
r
at
io
(
SIR)
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
[
1
1
]
an
d
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
a
te
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
o
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
t th
e
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
[
1
1
]
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
at
th
er
e
is
a
d
esira
b
le
o
u
tco
m
e
i
n
ex
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
v
al
u
es o
f
SNR
,
SI
R
an
d
E
H
r
atio
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e.
I
t m
ea
n
s
a
s
SIR in
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
a
f
i
x
ed
S
NR
,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
E
H
r
atio
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
i
s
is
b
ec
au
s
e
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
av
er
ag
e
SN
R
i
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
p
o
w
er
in
C
C
I
s
ig
n
al
ca
n
d
eg
r
ad
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
b
u
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
v
alu
e
o
f
E
H
r
atio
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
el
y
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
[
1
2
]
ar
e
o
b
v
io
u
s
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
C
C
I
as
s
is
ta
n
ce
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
en
h
a
n
ce
d
w
it
h
b
etter
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
er
ica
l
eq
u
atio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
s
i
d
er
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
a
s
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
i
g
n
als
in
co
n
tr
ast
t
o
th
e
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
id
er
s
m
u
lti
-
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
o
tiv
a
tes
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
a
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
as
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
ig
n
als
a
n
d
C
C
I
as
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
i
g
n
al
s
as
p
ar
t
o
f
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
p
o
w
er
at
th
e
r
e
la
y
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
ar
e
to
d
ev
elo
p
r
ela
y
i
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
T
SR
an
d
P
S
R
i
n
n
u
m
er
ic
al
f
o
r
m
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
w
it
h
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
als
a
s
s
i
s
ted
an
d
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
g
ain
s
t
t
h
e
E
H
r
atio
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
in
s
u
ch
t
h
a
t
th
e
o
v
er
v
ie
w
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
p
ar
t
I
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
p
ar
t
I
I
.
I
n
p
ar
t
I
I
I
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
n
u
m
er
ical
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
MSS
R
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
T
SR
an
d
P
SR
s
ch
e
m
es
an
d
th
e
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
p
ar
t I
V.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
6
0
6
–
6
1
6
608
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
s
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
r
ela
y
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
escr
ib
es
an
d
an
al
y
z
es
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
ti
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
at
t
h
e
r
ela
y
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
t
h
e
r
ela
y
is
a
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
n
o
d
e
an
d
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
F
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
is
b
ein
g
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
at
th
e
r
ela
y
p
r
io
r
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
i
t
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
b
ase
d
o
n
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
s
p
lit
p
o
w
er
an
d
av
er
ag
e
SN
R
/
SIR.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
MSSR
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
is
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
’
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
’
p
o
w
er
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
ir
eles
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
As
o
f
M
SS
R
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
1
,
…
,
to
r
ela
y
R
,
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
as
1
,
…
,
w
h
er
ea
s
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
,
,
…
,
to
r
elay
R
,
th
e
d
is
tan
c
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
as
1
,
…
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
c
h
an
n
el
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
as
1
,
…
,
an
d
f
o
r
in
ter
f
er
er
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
a
s
1
,
…
,
.
W
h
er
eb
y
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
R
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
D,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
r
ep
r
esen
ts
as
2
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
c
h
an
n
e
l
r
ep
r
esen
ts
as
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
Dia
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
3
-
No
d
e
w
it
h
M
u
ltip
le
So
u
r
ce
s
an
d
Si
n
g
le
R
ela
y
w
it
h
C
o
-
C
h
a
n
n
el
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
C
C
I
)
in
Me
s
h
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
Net
w
o
r
k
T
h
e
d
ata
r
ate
eq
u
atio
n
at
R
an
d
D
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
t
w
o
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
in
t
d
is
cr
ete
m
e
m
o
r
y
le
s
s
ch
a
n
n
el
(
DM
C
)
w
h
ic
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
DF
m
o
d
el.
Dis
cr
ete
ch
an
n
el
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
s
y
m
b
o
lize
d
as
1
,
…
,
,
1
,
…
,
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
es,
an
d
f
o
r
r
elay
n
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
A
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
in
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
th
eo
r
y
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
T
1
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
1
,
…
,
an
d
,
…
,
to
R
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
T
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
i
g
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
R
to
D
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
g
ai
n
o
r
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
f
o
r
1
,
…
,
an
d
,
…
,
to
R
d
en
o
tes
as
ℎ
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
w
h
ile
f
r
o
m
R
to
D
d
en
o
tes
as
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
ad
d
ictiv
e
w
h
ite
Ga
u
s
s
ian
n
o
i
s
e
(
A
W
GN)
is
ad
d
ed
at
b
o
th
r
elay
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
es,
an
d
it
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
as
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
d
en
o
tes
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
d
en
o
tes th
e
n
o
.
o
f
in
ter
f
er
er
s
.
T
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
DF
r
ate
eq
u
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
[
1
3
]
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
n
g
le
-
r
ela
y
w
it
h
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
as
s
is
ted
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as:
{
R
1
≤
I
(
X
S1
,
.
.
,
X
SM
,
X
β1
,
.
.
,
X
β
N
;
Y
R
|
X
R
)
for
R
e
l
a
y
R
2
≤
I
(
X
S1
,
.
.
,
X
SM
,
X
β1
,
X
R
;
Y
D
)
for
De
s
tin
a
tio
n
(
1
)
T
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
r
ate
R
_
1
at
th
e
r
elay
R
an
d
R
_
2
at
th
e
d
est
in
atio
n
D
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
R
F
E
n
erg
y
Ha
r
ve
s
tin
g
w
ith
Mu
ltip
le
S
o
u
r
ce
s
in
W
ir
ele
s
s
Me
s
h
N
etw
o
r
k
(
K
.
N
.
P
u
n
ir
a
n
)
609
{
1
≤
l
og
(
1
+
1
)
2
≤
l
og
(
1
+
2
)
1
+
2
≤
l
og
(
1
+
1
+
2
)
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
1
an
d
2
ar
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
d
ata
r
ate
1
an
d
2
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
a
n
d
is
A
W
GN.
T
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
l
e
r
ate,
1
an
d
2
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
n
ea
r
er
to
th
at
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
S
h
a
n
n
o
n
Har
tle
y
t
h
eo
r
em
.
T
i
m
e
s
lo
t
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
b
o
th
r
ela
y
a
n
d
d
esti
n
at
io
n
n
o
d
es a
r
e
d
en
o
ted
as:
T
im
e
s
lo
t
n
o
.
1
,
T
1
:
=
∑
√
ℎ
=
1
+
∑
√
=
1
+
(
3
)
T
im
e
s
lo
t
n
o
.
2
,
T
2
:
=
√
̅
+
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
=
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
a
t
th
e
r
ela
y
,
=
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
ℎ
=
ch
an
n
e
l
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
,
=
ch
an
n
el
g
a
in
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
at
io
n
,
=
ch
an
n
el
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
to
r
elay
,
=
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
,
=
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
to
r
ela
y
,
̅
=
d
ec
o
d
ed
ve
r
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
,
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
,
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
,
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
,
=
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
=
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
in
ter
f
er
er
s
,
=
n
o
is
e
at
t
h
e
r
ela
y
,
=
n
o
is
e
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
b
lo
ck
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
T
SR
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
at
th
e
r
ela
y
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
T
SR
s
ch
e
m
e,
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
S to
R
an
d
R
to
D
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
(
5
)
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
is
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
th
e
P
SR
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
n
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
i
s
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
f
r
o
m
S to
R
a
n
d
R
to
D.
2
.
1
.
T
i
m
e
Sw
it
ching
f
o
r
M
SS
R
2
.
1
.
1
.
S
⇒
R
Co
m
b
ina
t
io
n o
f
E
ner
g
y
H
a
r
v
esting
a
nd
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n T
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n w
it
h
M
ultiple
So
urce
s
I
n
th
i
s
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
at
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
h
ar
v
est
s
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
i
g
n
als,
an
d
u
s
es
t
h
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
en
er
g
y
to
d
ec
o
d
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
g
n
al
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
it
to
t
h
e
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
.
A
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
is
th
e
to
tal
b
lo
ck
t
i
m
e
i
n
T
SR
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
w
h
ich
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
i
g
n
al
is
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
∈
(
0
,
1
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
ti
m
e
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
r
ela
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ts
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
in
ter
f
er
er
s
ig
n
al
s
,
w
h
ile
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
b
lo
ck
ti
m
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
as
(
1
−
)
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
an
n
er
,
h
alf
o
f
th
e
(
1
−
)
w
h
ic
h
is
(
1
−
)
/
2
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ela
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
h
al
f
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
ela
y
w
o
u
ld
co
n
s
u
m
e
al
l
t
h
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
io
r
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
to
its
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ls
t
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
ab
l
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
at
t
h
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
o
n
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
t
h
is
MSS
R
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
s
in
g
le
s
o
u
r
ce
is
t
h
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
in
ter
f
er
er
s
.
T
h
e
d
etails
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
t
h
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
an
al
y
ze
d
in
b
elo
w
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
B
lo
ck
Stru
ct
u
r
e
in
T
SR
Sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
E
H
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l,
at
th
e
r
el
a
y
n
o
d
e,
(
)
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
6
0
6
–
6
1
6
610
(
)
=
∑
1
√
√
ℎ
(
)
=
1
+
∑
1
√
√
(
)
=
1
+
(
)
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
in
teg
er
d
en
o
te
s
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
d
ex
,
=
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ela
y
,
=
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
in
ter
f
er
er
to
r
ela
y
,
ℎ
=
ch
a
n
n
el
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ela
y
,
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
,
=
ch
an
n
el
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
t
o
r
elay
,
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
in
ter
f
er
er
,
=
p
ath
lo
s
s
e
x
p
o
n
en
t,
=
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
=
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
in
ter
f
er
er
s
,
(
)
=
th
n
o
r
m
a
lize
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
,
i.e
.
E
{
|
(
)
|
2
}
=
1
,
(
)
=
th
n
o
r
m
alize
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
er
,
i.e
.
E
{
|
(
)
|
2
}
=
1
,
(
)
=
b
aseb
an
d
ad
d
ictiv
e
w
h
ite
G
au
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
at
th
e
r
ela
y
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
tin
g
d
u
r
i
n
g
ti
m
e
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itt
e
n
as:
ℎ
=
η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
η
=
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
is
0
<
η
<
1
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
tin
g
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
th
e
r
ec
tif
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
R
⇒
D
I
nfo
rm
a
t
io
n T
ra
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
T
h
e
d
ec
o
d
e
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
is
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
ea
r
lier
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
u
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
i
s
th
e
a
v
ailab
l
e
h
ar
v
ested
en
er
g
y
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l a
t th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
(
)
is
g
i
v
en
as:
(
)
=
1
√
√
.
(
)
+
(
)
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
=
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
=
ch
an
n
el
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
=
tr
an
s
m
i
t
ted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
,
(
)
=
d
ec
o
d
e
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
(
)
,
(
)
=
b
aseb
an
d
ad
d
ictiv
e
w
h
ite
Ga
u
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
at
th
e
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
(
1
−
)
/
2
ti
m
e
i
n
r
ela
tio
n
to
t
h
e
h
ar
v
es
ted
en
er
g
y
ℎ
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
=
ℎ
(
1
−
)
/
2
(
8
)
Su
b
s
ti
tu
te
s
(
6
)
in
to
(
8
)
:
=
η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
(
1
−
)
/
2
=
2η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
(
1
−
)
(
9
)
Su
b
s
ti
tu
te
s
(
9
)
in
to
(
7
)
w
ill
y
i
eld
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e:
(
)
=
√
2η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
(
1
−
)
(
)
+
(
)
(1
0
)
2
.
1
.
3
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
Ana
ly
s
is
I
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
(
5
)
,
th
e
SN
R
/SI
R
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e,
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as:
=
∑
∑
|
ℎ
|
2
|
|
2
+
2
=
1
=
1
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
2
≜
2
is
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
A
W
GN
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e,
i.e
.
≜
(
)
Usi
n
g
(
1
0
)
,
th
e
SNR
/
SIR a
t t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as:
=
∑
∑
2η
(
|
ℎ
|
2
|
|
2
)
|
|
2
2
(
1
−
)
=
1
=
1
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
2
is
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
A
W
GN
at
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
n
o
d
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
R
F
E
n
erg
y
Ha
r
ve
s
tin
g
w
ith
Mu
ltip
le
S
o
u
r
ce
s
in
W
ir
ele
s
s
Me
s
h
N
etw
o
r
k
(
K
.
N
.
P
u
n
ir
a
n
)
611
Fo
r
th
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
li
n
k
,
C
R
TS
an
d
f
o
r
r
elay
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
li
n
k
,
C
D
TS
is
e
v
al
u
ated
an
d
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
SN
R
/SI
R
f
o
r
b
o
th
lin
k
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
li
n
k
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itt
en
as:
C
R
TS
= E
h,
β
{
2
(
1
+
)
}
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
ea
s
,
t
h
e
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
li
n
k
is
g
iv
en
b
y
:
C
D
TS
= E
h,
β
,
g
{
2
(
1
+
)
}
(
1
4
)
2
.
2
.
P
o
w
er
Sp
litt
ing
f
o
r
M
SS
R
2
.
2
.
1
.
S
⇒
R
Co
m
b
ina
t
io
n o
f
E
ner
g
y
H
a
r
v
esting
a
nd
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n T
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n w
it
h
M
ultiple
So
urce
s
As d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
T
is
t
h
e
to
t
al
b
lo
ck
ti
m
e
in
P
SR
s
ch
e
m
e
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
w
er
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
er
,
P
is
s
p
lit at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
th
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
p
r
io
r
to
s
en
d
in
g
th
e
d
ec
o
d
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
d
est
in
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
ρ
∈
(
0
,
1
)
d
en
o
tes th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
in
w
h
ich
t
h
e
r
ela
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ts
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
ig
n
al
s
w
it
h
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
ρ
_
(
i,j
)
P
,
w
h
ile
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
(
1
-
ρ
_
(
i,j
)
)
P
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
th
is
m
a
n
n
er
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
al
f
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
t
i
m
e
T
/2
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ela
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
h
a
lf
T
/2
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
at
io
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
ρ
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
t th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
n
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
d
etails p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
at
t
h
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
an
a
l
y
ze
d
i
n
b
elo
w
s
ec
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
B
lo
ck
Stru
ct
u
r
e
in
P
SR
Sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
E
H
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
I
n
P
SR
s
c
h
e
m
e,
p
o
w
er
is
s
p
li
t
in
to
2
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
as
ill
u
s
tr
at
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al,
∑
∑
√
√
(
)
=
1
=
1
w
ill
b
e
s
en
t
to
E
H
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al,
∑
∑
√
1
−
√
1
−
(
)
=
1
=
1
w
ill b
e
s
e
n
t t
o
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
r
ec
eiv
er
.
∑
∑
√
√
(
)
=
1
=
1
∶
∑
∑
√
1
−
√
1
−
(
)
=
1
=
1
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l a
t th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e,
(
)
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as:
√
√
(
)
=
∑
1
√
√
ℎ
(
)
=
1
+
∑
1
√
√
(
)
=
1
+
√
√
(
)
(
1
5
)
w
h
er
e
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
in
te
g
er
d
en
o
tes s
y
m
b
o
l in
d
ex
,
=
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
,
=
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
in
ter
f
er
er
to
r
elay
,
ℎ
=
ch
an
n
el
g
ain
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ela
y
,
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
,
=
ch
an
n
el
g
ain
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
to
r
elay
,
=
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
,
M
=
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
N
=
th
e
n
o
.
o
f
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
,
=
p
ath
lo
s
s
ex
p
o
n
e
n
t,
(
)
=
th
n
o
r
m
alize
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
m
b
o
l f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
,
EH
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
6
0
6
–
6
1
6
612
i.e
.
E
{
|
(
)
|
2
}
=
1
,
(
)
=
th
n
o
r
m
alize
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
te
r
f
er
er
,
i.e
.
E
{
|
(
)
|
2
}
=
1
,
(
)
=
b
aseb
an
d
ad
d
ictiv
e
w
h
ite
G
au
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
at
th
e
r
ela
y
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
tin
g
,
ℎ
d
u
r
in
g
/
2
tim
e
ca
n
b
e
w
r
i
tten
a
s
:
ℎ
=
η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
/
2
(
1
6
)
T
h
e
b
aseb
an
d
s
ig
n
al
at
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ec
ei
v
er
af
te
r
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
p
lit is
:
√
1
−
√
1
−
(
)
=
∑
1
√
√
1
−
ℎ
(
)
=
1
+
∑
1
√
√
1
−
(
)
=
1
+
√
1
−
√
1
−
(
)
(
1
7
)
2
.
2
.
2
.
R
⇒
D
I
nfo
rm
a
t
io
n T
ra
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
T
h
e
d
ec
o
d
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
is
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
ea
r
lier
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
u
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
i
s
th
e
a
v
ailab
l
e
h
ar
v
ested
en
er
g
y
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l a
t th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
(
)
is
g
i
v
en
as:
(
)
=
1
√
√
.
(
)
+
(
)
(
1
8
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
/
2
ti
m
e
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
en
er
g
y
ℎ
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
=
ℎ
/
2
(
1
9
)
Su
b
s
ti
tu
te
s
(
1
6
)
in
to
(
1
9
)
:
=
η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
/
2
/
2
=
η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
(
2
0
)
Su
b
s
ti
tu
te
s
(
2
0
)
in
to
(
1
8
)
w
ill
y
ield
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e:
(
)
=
√
η
(
∑
1
|
ℎ
|
2
=
1
+
∑
1
|
|
2
=
1
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
2
1
)
2
.
2
.
3
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
Ana
ly
s
is
I
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
(
1
7
)
,
th
e
SNR
/
SIR a
t th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e,
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as:
=
∑
∑
|
ℎ
|
2
(
1
−
)
|
|
2
(
1
−
)
+
2
=
1
=
1
(
2
2
)
w
h
er
e
2
≜
(
1
−
)
(
1
−
)
2
is
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
A
W
GN
at
th
e
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e,
i.e
.
≜
(
)
Usi
n
g
(
2
1
)
,
th
e
SNR
/
SIR a
t t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as:
=
∑
∑
η
|
ℎ
|
2
|
|
2
|
|
2
2
=
1
=
1
(
2
3
)
w
h
er
e
2
is
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
A
W
GN
at
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
n
o
d
e.
Fo
r
th
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
lin
k
,
C
R
PS
an
d
f
o
r
r
elay
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
lin
k
,
C
D
PS
i
s
ev
al
u
ated
an
d
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
SNR
/
SIR
f
o
r
b
o
th
lin
k
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
elay
li
n
k
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itt
en
as:
C
R
PS
= E
h
{
2
(
1
+
)
}
(
2
4
)
w
h
er
ea
s
,
t
h
e
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
r
ela
y
to
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
li
n
k
is
g
iv
en
b
y
:
C
D
PS
= E
h,
g
{
2
(
1
+
)
}
(
2
5
)
3.
NUM
E
RICAL
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
i
s
cu
s
s
e
s
n
u
m
er
i
ca
l
r
esu
lt
s
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
MSS
R
.
A
ll
r
elate
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
v
al
u
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
MSSR
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
Un
le
s
s
s
t
ated
o
th
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
is
s
et
to
2
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
ter
f
er
er
,
is
s
et
to
2
.
I
n
teg
er
s
an
d
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
an
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
SN
R
an
d
SIR
v
al
u
es
ar
e
s
et
to
2
0
d
B
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
=
0
.
7
,
d
is
tan
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
R
F
E
n
erg
y
Ha
r
ve
s
tin
g
w
ith
Mu
ltip
le
S
o
u
r
ce
s
in
W
ir
ele
s
s
Me
s
h
N
etw
o
r
k
(
K
.
N
.
P
u
n
ir
a
n
)
613
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
r
ela
y
,
=
1
,
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
to
r
el
a
y
,
=
1
,
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
t
o
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
=
1
,
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
=
1
w
att,
tr
a
n
s
m
itte
d
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
,
=
1
w
at
t,
n
o
is
e
p
o
w
er
at
r
elay
,
2
=
0
.
1
w
att,
n
o
is
e
p
o
w
er
a
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
2
=
0
.
1
w
at
t,
p
ath
lo
s
s
ex
p
o
n
e
n
t,
=
2
.
7
an
d
th
e
tar
g
et
r
ate,
=
1
.
T
h
e
tr
en
d
in
g
p
lo
ts
f
o
r
id
ea
l
r
ec
eiv
er
u
s
i
n
g
SS
S
R
an
d
MS
SR
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
an
d
5
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
r
atio
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
ti
m
e,
f
o
r
T
SR
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
S
SS
R
m
o
d
el
is
m
atc
h
i
n
g
p
er
f
ec
t
l
y
w
it
h
id
ea
l
r
ec
eiv
er
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ca
v
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
v
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
lo
ts
ex
p
lai
n
s
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
r
el
a
y
to
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
t.
As
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
u
n
til
it
r
ea
ch
e
s
its
o
p
tim
al
v
al
u
e,
th
e
n
i
t
s
tar
ts
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
to
ze
r
o
.
Du
r
i
n
g
th
is
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
e
n
h
an
ce
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
es
all
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
e
n
er
g
y
to
tr
an
s
m
i
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
to
it
s
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
W
h
e
n
th
e
E
H
r
at
i
o
r
ea
ch
es its
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e,
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t star
t
s
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
a
s
m
o
r
e
E
H
en
er
g
y
is
h
ar
n
e
s
s
ed
r
ath
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
d
ec
o
d
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
at
t
h
i
s
t
i
m
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
lo
t,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
f
o
r
th
e
p
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
MSSR
is
at
0
.
2
as
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
0
.
3
in
id
ea
l
r
ec
eiv
er
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
E
H
r
atio
b
y
1
0
%.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
s
E
H
R
atio
at
D
esti
n
a
tio
n
No
d
e
w
ith
R
esp
ec
t
to
Fra
ctio
n
o
f
B
lo
ck
T
im
e,
α
f
o
r
T
SR
Sch
e
m
e
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
tin
g
r
atio
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
p
lit,
ρ
f
o
r
P
SR
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
s
i
m
u
lated
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
SS
SR
m
o
d
el
is
m
atc
h
in
g
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
w
i
th
id
ea
l
r
ec
eiv
er
[
8
]
.
A
s
ρ
in
cr
ea
s
es,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
u
n
ti
l
it
r
ea
c
h
es
its
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e
w
h
ich
is
0
.
7
,
th
en
it
s
tar
ts
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
m
ax
i
m
u
m
to
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
E
H
r
at
io
r
an
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
to
0
.
7
in
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
i
s
u
s
ed
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
n
s
i
g
n
al
d
ec
o
d
in
g
r
ath
er
th
a
n
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
.
As
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
E
H
r
atio
r
an
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
7
to
1
,
th
e
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
est
in
g
r
ath
er
th
a
n
s
i
g
n
al
d
ec
o
d
in
g
.
A
s
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
cu
r
v
es,
t
h
e
tr
e
n
d
is
a
l
m
o
s
t
id
e
n
tical.
T
h
i
s
is
d
u
e
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
p
litt
i
n
g
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
ec
o
d
in
g
in
b
o
th
f
ir
s
t
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
h
al
f
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
ac
tio
n
s
w
h
ich
y
ield
s
m
o
r
e
e
n
er
g
y
b
ein
g
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
is
d
ec
o
d
ed
s
im
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
i
s
p
er
io
d
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
lo
t,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
v
alu
e
o
f
ρ
f
o
r
th
e
p
ea
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t i
n
MSS
R
is
at
0
.
7
as c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
0
.
5
in
id
ea
l r
ec
eiv
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
6
0
6
–
6
1
6
614
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
s
E
H
R
atio
at
Destin
a
tio
n
No
d
e
w
ith
R
esp
ec
t
to
Fra
ctio
n
o
f
Sp
li
t P
o
w
er
,
ρ
f
o
r
P
SR
Sch
e
m
e
I
n
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
,
to
ill
u
s
tr
ate
th
e
b
en
e
f
i
t
o
f
M
SS
R
w
it
h
m
u
l
tip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
cu
m
u
lat
iv
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
C
DF
ag
a
in
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
Fro
m
th
e
c
u
r
v
es,
it
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
o
b
tai
n
ed
w
h
ic
h
e
v
er
o
u
tag
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
2
0
%
ca
p
ac
ity
o
u
ta
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
MSS
R
is
eq
u
al
to
2
.
6
b
its
/tra
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
m
u
c
h
lo
w
er
o
f
1
.
5
b
its
/tra
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
SS
S
R
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Var
iatio
n
o
f
P
r
o
b
ab
i
lit
y
o
f
C
DF
Ag
ai
n
s
t
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
w
it
h
R
e
s
p
ec
t
to
E
H
R
atio
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
C
DF
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
s
elec
ted
r
ate.
B
y
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
at
th
e
C
DF
cu
r
v
es
,
it
ca
n
b
e
f
i
g
u
r
ed
o
u
t
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
q
u
ite
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
f
o
r
th
e
MS
SR
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
f
o
r
a
s
elec
ted
r
ate
o
f
R
=1
.
5
b
i
ts
/tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
SS
S
R
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
7
0
%,
w
h
ile
it
is
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
m
u
c
h
s
m
aller
f
o
r
th
e
MSS
R
w
h
ich
i
s
3
5
%.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
R
F
E
n
erg
y
Ha
r
ve
s
tin
g
w
ith
Mu
ltip
le
S
o
u
r
ce
s
in
W
ir
ele
s
s
Me
s
h
N
etw
o
r
k
(
K
.
N
.
P
u
n
ir
a
n
)
615
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Var
iatio
n
o
f
P
r
o
b
ab
i
lit
y
o
f
C
DF a
g
ai
n
s
t Se
lecte
d
R
ate
w
it
h
R
esp
ec
t
to
E
H
R
atio
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
M
SS
R
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
C
C
I
s
ig
n
al
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
C
C
I
ar
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
at
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
r
elay
n
o
d
e
an
d
u
s
ed
th
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
en
er
g
y
to
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
.
B
o
th
T
SR
an
d
P
SR
s
ch
e
m
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
to
d
er
iv
e
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
ca
p
ac
it
y
in
ter
m
s
o
f
SN
R
/SI
R
.
T
SR
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
ad
o
p
ted
w
h
er
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
is
s
w
i
tch
in
g
o
v
er
s
tip
u
late
d
ti
m
e
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
w
h
er
ea
s
P
S
R
s
ch
e
m
e
is
u
s
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
s
p
lits
b
et
w
ee
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
v
al
u
es
o
f
E
H
r
atio
f
o
r
b
o
th
T
SR
a
n
d
P
SR
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
a
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
r
e
s
p
ec
t
to
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
I
t
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
t
h
at
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
c
es
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
C
C
I
s
i
g
n
al
h
as
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
en
er
g
y
lo
ad
in
g
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
at
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
n
o
d
e.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
it
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
alter
n
ativ
e
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
r
ela
y
in
l
ieu
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
atter
y
.
I
n
T
SR
s
ch
e
m
e,
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tiall
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e
o
f
E
H
r
atio
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
id
ea
l
r
ec
eiv
er
,
w
h
i
le
in
P
SR
s
ch
e
m
e,
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
a
n
d
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
s
p
li
ttin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
E
H
r
atio
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
id
ea
l
r
ec
eiv
er
b
u
t
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
i
n
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
w
h
ic
h
is
w
a
y
b
etter
th
an
t
h
e
latter
.
A
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
i
n
th
e
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
w
ir
eles
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
co
ex
is
te
n
ce
w
it
h
o
th
er
w
ir
ele
s
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
u
n
d
er
lo
w
er
n
o
is
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
er
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
is
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
r
ela
y
in
g
w
it
h
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ass
i
s
ted
in
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ec
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
eo
r
eti
ca
l
in
s
i
g
h
ts
i
n
to
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
tin
g
u
s
i
n
g
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
m
o
d
el.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
A
.
P
a
ra
d
iso
a
n
d
T
.
S
tarn
e
r.
E
n
e
rg
y
S
c
a
v
e
n
g
in
g
f
o
r
M
o
b
il
e
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
I
EE
E
Per
v
a
siv
e
Co
mp
u
t
.
2
0
0
5
;
4
:
1
8
–
2
7
.
[2
]
Em
e
r
so
n
P
ro
c
e
ss
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
0
0
8
0
5
-
0
1
0
0
-
1
0
3
9
.
T
h
e
En
g
in
e
e
r’s
G
u
id
e
to
In
d
u
str
ial
W
irele
ss
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
M
in
n
e
so
ta US
A
.
Em
e
r
so
n
P
ro
c
e
s
s M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
L
u
,
X
iao
,
e
t
a
l.
W
irele
ss
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
RF
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
:
A
Co
n
tem
p
o
ra
r
y
S
u
rv
e
y
.
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ria
ls
.
2
0
1
5
;
1
7
(2
):
7
5
7
-
7
8
9
.
[4
]
C.
Zh
o
n
g
,
H.
A
.
S
u
ra
w
e
e
ra
,
G
.
Zj
e
n
g
,
I.
Krik
id
is,
a
n
d
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
.
W
irele
ss
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r
w
it
h
F
u
ll
Du
p
lex
Re
la
y
in
g
.
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
4
;
6
2
(2
):
3
4
4
7
–
3
4
6
1
.
[5
]
X
.
Z
h
o
u
,
R.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
C
.
K.
H
o
.
W
irele
ss
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r:
A
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Ra
te
-
En
e
rg
y
T
ra
d
e
o
ff
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
3
;
6
1
(1
1
):
4
7
5
4
–
4
7
6
7
.
[6
]
P
.
M
a
n
g
a
y
a
rk
a
r
a
si,
J.
Ra
ja,
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
y
a
sh
ri.
A
n
E
ff
icie
n
t
En
e
rg
y
H
a
rv
e
stin
g
S
c
h
e
m
e
to
M
a
x
i
m
i
z
e
th
e
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
W
irele
ss
Re
l
a
y
Ne
t
w
o
rk
with
T
S
R
a
n
d
P
S
R
P
ro
to
c
o
l
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
2
0
1
5
;
6
9
(
5
):
8
4
1
–
8
5
0
.
[7
]
A
.
A
.
Na
sir,
X
.
Zh
o
u
,
S
.
D
u
rra
n
i,
a
n
d
R.
A
.
Ke
n
n
e
d
y
.
Re
la
y
in
g
P
ro
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
En
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
3
;
1
2
(
7
):
3
6
2
2
–
3
6
3
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.