Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
2
,
F
eb
r
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
8
1
8
~
8
24
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
8
1
8
-
8
24
818
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Optic
al m
illi
meter wave gen
eration u
tilizi
ng stimu
late
d
brilloui
n scatt
ering f
or ra
dio ov
er
fiber sys
tem
M.M.H
Hu
sa
i
ni, C.B.
M Ra
s
hidi
, SN
Az
emi
,
S.
A Alju
nid
, M.S An
ua
r
Advanc
ed
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Enginee
ring
,
C
ent
re
of
Excel
l
ence, School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
ation
Eng
ineeri
ng,
Univer
siti
Malays
ia
Pe
rl
is (
UN
IMA
P),
Perli
s,
M
al
a
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
25
, 201
8
Re
vised
Dec
16
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
29
, 201
8
Optic
a
l
m
il
li
m
eter
-
wave
signal
g
ene
ra
ti
on
in
Rad
io
over
Fiber
(RoF)
base
d
on
ext
ern
a
l
m
odula
tors
using
diffe
ren
t
m
odula
t
io
n
sche
m
es
such
as
Single
-
Sideba
nd
(SS
B),
Double
-
Sideba
n
d
(DS
B)
are
exp
eri
m
ent
a
lly
com
par
ed.
The
m
aj
or
fal
lou
t
f
or
ext
ern
al
m
odula
ti
on
s
che
m
e
s
y
stem
per
fo
rm
anc
e
t
o
downgrade
is
due
to
dispersion
and
the
fad
i
ng
eff
ec
t
in
op
ti
c
al
signal
gene
ra
ti
on
while
gene
rating
high
Bit
Err
or
Rat
e
(
BER)
when
in
volvi
ng
long
dista
nc
e
de
li
ver
y
.
In
th
is
work,
we
propose
d
m
m
-
wave
signa
l
ut
il
i
z
e
Stim
ula
te
d
Brill
oui
n
Scat
t
eri
ng
(SBS
)
sche
m
e
which
indi
cate
s
the
best
per
form
anc
e
amongs
t
the
sch
e
m
e
base
d
on
si
m
ula
ti
on
th
at
it
ac
hi
eve
s
to
propa
gate
long
e
st
of
dista
n
ce
o
ver
fib
er,
h
ighes
t
recei
ver
sensiti
vi
t
y
,
th
e
lowest
BER
and
cohe
ren
ce
of
M
ach
-
Ze
hnd
er
Modulat
or
(MZ
M)
ext
inction
rat
io
.
Mm
-
wave
signal
of
40
Ghz
and
10
Gb/s
d
at
a
rate
was
gen
era
t
ed
wit
h
the
p
lot
t
ing
of
e
y
e
di
agr
am.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Bi
t Err
or Rat
e
(BER)
Exter
nal m
od
ul
at
ion
Mi
lim
et
er
W
av
e
Ra
dio
over
Fib
er (
R
oF)
Stim
ulate
d
Bril
lou
in
Scat
te
rin
g
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Muh
am
m
ad
H
azi
q
H
us
ai
ni Bin Maze
la
n,
School
of Com
pu
te
r
a
nd Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
(
S
CC
E),
c/
o
Sc
hool
of
Ma
nufactu
rin
g En
gin
ee
rin
g
C
om
plex,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s (U
niMAP
),
First fl
oor,
Pauh P
utra
Cam
pu
s,
02
600 A
rau,
Perlis.
Em
a
il
:
haziqh
usa
ini
@stu
de
ntm
ai
l.un
im
ap.
edu.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
co
ntr
over
sia
l
m
atter
of
sp
ect
ral
co
ngest
io
n
at
low
f
reque
ncy
ranges
will
su
r
viv
e
by
the
inv
e
ntion
of
M
il
lim
et
er
W
a
ve
(m
m
-
wav
e)
si
gn
al
ge
ner
at
io
n.
T
hus,
ac
knowle
dge
the
Ra
dio
-
O
ver
-
Fi
ber
(RoF)
perform
ance
syst
e
m
since
i
t
has
low
at
te
nu
at
io
n,
la
r
ge
bandw
i
dth
a
nd
c
ou
l
d
resis
t
to
Ele
ct
or
m
agn
et
ic
In
te
r
fer
e
nce
(
EMI)
w
hich
these
syst
em
can
be
us
e
d
i
n
var
i
ous
ty
pe
s
of
a
ppli
cat
ion
[
1
-
2].
R
oF
is
a
transm
issi
on
li
nk
w
hich
li
ght
prop
a
gates
by
Ra
dio
F
re
quency
(RF
)
a
nd
transm
it
te
d
by
op
ti
cal
fibe
r
li
nk
wh
e
re
opti
cal
m
m
-
wav
e
gen
e
rati
on and all
-
opti
cal
u
p
-
c
onve
rsion a
re th
e
fundam
ental
appr
oac
h
in
RoF.
The
ty
pical
schem
atic
of
RoF
li
nk
is
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
1
wh
ic
h
la
ser
li
gh
t
is
m
od
ulat
ed
by
rad
i
o
sign
al
an
d
tra
ns
po
rted
ove
r
an
opti
cal
fibe
r
m
ediu
m
.
Con
side
rin
g
the
r
adio
-
f
reque
ncy
carrier
sig
nal
as
an
analo
g
si
gn
al
,
wh
ic
h
m
ake
up
the
la
ser
m
od
ulati
on
a
n
a
na
log
si
gnal
to
o.
I
f
f
re
qu
e
ncy
conve
rsion
is
util
iz
ed,
the m
od
ulati
on
m
a
y occu
r
at
r
adio si
gnal
fre
qu
e
ncy
or any
interm
ediat
e fr
equ
e
ncy
[3
-
4].
A
bid
irect
io
na
l
interface
c
onta
ining
the
an
al
og
la
ser
t
ransm
it
te
r,
photodio
de
receive
r
locat
ed
at
a
base
sta
ti
on o
r
r
em
ote
antenna
unit
,
pai
red with
a
n
a
nalo
g
la
ser
tra
ns
m
it
t
er
a
nd
ph
otodiod
e
recei
ver
lo
cat
ed
at
a
rad
i
o
proce
ss
ing
un
it
are
t
he
m
ai
n
config
urat
ion
c
onte
nt
of
a
nalo
g
fi
ber
op
ti
c
li
nk.
Re
m
ote
antenn
a
un
it
is
connecte
d t
o c
entral
processi
ng locati
on
by
on
e
or m
or
e
opti
cal
f
iber [5].
Var
i
ou
s
stu
die
s
ha
d
bee
n
widely
re
ported
ov
e
r
t
he
past
few
ye
ars
regardi
ng
the
t
ra
ns
m
issi
on
of
op
ti
cal
m
m
-
wav
e
for
fu
t
ur
e
gen
e
rati
on
s
uc
h
as
d
i
rect
m
od
ulati
on
[6
]
,
e
xter
nal
m
od
ul
at
ion
[7
]
a
nd
op
ti
cal
heter
od
y
ne
[
8].
Howev
e
r,
o
ut o
f
al
l,
the
sim
plest
schem
e
is
con
cl
ud
e
d
to be
direct
m
od
ulati
on
des
pite
la
ckin
g
of
fe
w
facto
rs
su
c
h
as
lo
w
frequ
e
ncy
res
pons
e
a
nd
a
re
li
m
it
ed
by
the
la
ser
fr
e
quency
chi
r
p.
I
n
c
on
t
r
ast
s,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Op
ti
cal
Mi
ll
imet
er Wa
ve
Ge
ne
ra
ti
on
util
izi
ng
Stimu
l
ated B
ril
lou
in
Sc
atter
ing
f
or
…
(
M.M
.H
H
us
ai
ni
)
819
op
ti
cal
heter
od
yne
te
chn
i
qu
e
can
pr
oduce
hig
h
fr
e
quency
r
esp
on
se
,
unf
or
tun
at
el
y
the
sign
al
qu
al
it
y
for
this
schem
e
dep
e
nds
on
the
c
ohe
ren
ce
of
tw
o
la
ser
li
ghtwa
ves.
As
dem
on
strat
ed
by
resea
rchers,
t
he
m
os
t
popula
r
m
et
ho
d
t
hat
pr
act
ic
a
ll
y
been
us
e
d
is
e
xternal
m
od
ulati
on
[9
]
.
T
he
re
are
two
ty
pes
of
e
xter
nal
m
od
ul
at
or
s:
Ele
ct
ro
Abso
r
ption
Mo
dula
tors
(E
OM)
an
d
Ma
c
h
-
Ze
hnde
r
Mo
dula
tor
(MZM
).
The
m
os
t
co
m
m
on
ly
us
e
d
exter
nal m
od
ul
at
or
is MZM
.
Sing
le
-
Side
ba
nd
(S
SB
),
D
ouble
-
Si
deb
a
nd
(D
SB
)
a
nd
O
ptica
l
Ca
rr
ie
r
Sup
pr
es
sio
n
(O
CS
)
a
re
com
m
on
ly
us
ed
for
si
gn
al
ge
ner
at
io
n
i
n
t
he
e
xter
nal
m
odulati
on
sc
he
m
e.
Upo
n
e
xt
end
i
ng
the
de
li
ver
y
distance
f
or
th
e
op
ti
cal
m
illim
et
er
wav
e,
S
SB
m
od
ulati
on
is
su
pe
rio
r
to
DS
B
du
e
to
it
s
red
uce
d
ef
f
ect
s
in
su
f
fer
i
ng
dis
p
e
rsion
in
a
si
ngle
-
m
od
e
fibe
r
(S
MF)
,
bu
t
t
he
receive
r
reacti
vity
for
S
SB
is
com
par
at
ivel
y
low
du
e
to
the
hu
ge
dc
c
om
po
ne
nt
at
the
ce
ntra
l
wav
el
e
ng
t
h.
A
Fib
er
B
ragg
Gr
at
in
g
(F
B
G
)
are
us
e
d
to
c
on
ceal
the d
c
co
m
pone
nt in o
rd
e
r
t
o im
pr
ove the
r
e
cei
ver
se
ns
it
iv
i
ty
[
10]
.
Howe
ver,
the
FBG
is
hype
rs
ensiti
ve
to
te
m
per
at
ur
e,
w
hic
h
will
nee
d
a
c
onvoluted
co
nt
ro
l
syst
em
to
m
ai
ntain
it
s
operati
on
besi
des
m
os
t
power
will
be
lost
du
e
to
FBG
ref
le
ct
ion
.
When
a
sing
le
-
m
od
e
la
ser
is
transm
itted
ov
er
a
LiNbO
3
m
od
ulato
r
(
LN
-
M
O
D),
a
dual
-
m
od
e
li
gh
t
wav
e
can
be
ge
ner
at
e
d
ba
sed
on
op
ti
cal
carrier
sup
pr
es
sion
(
OCS)
m
od
ulati
on.
The
dual
-
m
od
e
li
ghtwave
are
the
n
separ
at
e
d
befo
re
a
no
t
her
one
m
od
e
is
us
e
d
to
ca
rry
the
opti
cal
m
il
lim
et
er
wav
e
by
us
i
ng
an
op
ti
cal
filt
ering
te
chn
i
qu
e
.
T
he
config
ur
at
io
n
of
t
hi
s
op
ti
cal
m
i
ll
i
mete
r
-
wa
ve
s
our
ce
is
com
plex
and
unsta
ble
[
11
]
f
or
lo
ng
-
ha
ul
ap
plica
ti
on
since
the
FB
G
filt
er
s
and o
t
her o
ptica
l com
po
ne
nts
are
us
ed
.
Figure
1
.
A
g
e
ner
ic
sc
hem
at
i
c d
ia
gram
o
f fiber
-
ra
dio l
ink f
or m
m
-
wav
e sign
al
ge
ner
at
io
n
In
this
paper,
a
n
al
te
rn
at
ive
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
pro
po
s
ed
wh
ic
h
is
Stim
ulate
d
Bril
lou
in
Scat
te
ri
ng
(S
BS
)
to
ov
e
rc
om
e
and
en
han
ce
a
bove
m
entioned
pro
blem
.
SBS
is
the
m
ai
n
nonlinear
e
ffec
t
in
op
ti
cal
li
gh
t
wa
ve
syst
e
m
s
fo
r
a
cute
li
new
idt
h
op
ti
cal
sourc
es
and
has
b
een
wi
dely
analy
zed
in
de
pth
f
or
opti
cal
fiber
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
[
12]
.
I
n
th
is
pap
e
r,
we
exp
e
rim
ental
l
y
dem
on
strat
ed
SBS
te
chn
i
que
an
d
c
om
par
e
the
perform
ances
of
the
opti
cal
m
m
-
wav
es
si
gnal
ge
ne
rati
on
base
d
on
e
xtern
al
m
odulati
on
sc
hem
e
us
in
g
S
SB
and DSB
.
2.
COMP
AR
I
S
ON OF
OPTI
CA
L
M
M
-
W
AV
E
SIG
N
A
L MET
HO
D
Figure
2
s
ho
w
s
the
schem
ati
c
op
ti
cal
gen
e
rati
on
of
m
m
-
wav
e
us
in
g
S
BS
te
chn
iq
ue.
W
it
hi
n
the
op
ti
cal
m
od
ula
tor
pa
rt,
it
con
s
ist
of
Con
ti
nuous
W
a
ve
(C
W)
la
ser
at
15
50nm
with
an
intensit
y
-
m
od
ulate
d
via
MZM
dri
ve
n
by
el
ect
rical
si
ne
ge
ner
at
or
of,
=
40
G
Hz.
A
dual
se
ries
of
MZM
c
om
pone
nts
a
re
use
d
wh
e
re
MZM
1
m
od
ulate
s
the
opti
cal
r
oo
t
s
ource
a
nd
MZ
M
2
is
m
od
ula
te
d
via
pse
ud
o
-
ra
ndom
bit
se
qu
e
nce
(P
RB
S)
with
NRZ
el
ect
rical
sign
al
to
pro
duce
base
ba
nd
data
sign
al
.
T
he
vo
lt
age
that
is
li
nk
ed
on
MZM
is
adequate
ly
high
s
o
that
the
la
ser
wav
e
will
regulat
ed
nonl
inearly
with
t
he
giv
e
n
f
requ
ency
of
the
el
ect
rical
gen
e
rato
r.
The
fe
w
opti
cal
sidebands
de
serted
by
f
re
quency
of
el
ect
ri
cal
gen
erat
or
f
ro
m
the
op
ti
cal
carrier
are
pro
du
ce
d
by
MZM
non
li
ne
arit
y.
The
distance
of
tra
ns
m
issi
on
a
re
li
nk
ed
up
t
o
int
o
100
-
km
lon
g
of
Sing
le
Mod
e
Fibe
r
(SM
F)
.
With
the
us
e
of
a
n
opti
cal
a
m
plifie
r,
the
opti
cal
sig
nal
is
the
n
am
plifie
d
be
fore
bein
g
la
un
c
hed
i
nto
the
opti
cal
fib
er
lo
op.
The
a
m
pl
ifie
r
wh
ic
h
act
as
con
tr
ol
powe
r
of
sig
nal
wa
ve
ge
ne
rates
sideba
nds
by
nonlinea
r
m
od
ul
at
ion
from
C
W
la
se
r
will
be
a
m
plifie
d
by
SBS
in
an
op
t
ic
al
fiber
,
w
he
reas
the
rest w
il
l be
att
enu
at
e
d du
e
to
the
process
of
na
tural att
en
uation i
n
t
he fibe
r.
The
com
bin
ed
ou
tp
ut
sig
nal
of
tw
o
pum
p
so
urces
dri
ve
n
by
an
op
ti
cal
ci
rcu
la
tor
that
pr
opa
gate
s
m
od
ulate
d
sig
nals
th
rou
gh
opposit
e
direct
ion
a
re
c
reated
du
e
to
t
he
SBS
ef
fects
ga
in
in
t
he
SM
F.
T
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
8
1
8
–
8
2
4
820
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
of
each pum
p
la
ser
is set
to
980 nm
. Th
eref
or
e
,
the pho
t
od
i
ode d
et
ect
ed
the
ou
tc
om
e o
f
ge
ner
at
e
d
mm
-
wav
e
out
put.
I
ns
et
(i)
an
d
(ii)
s
hows
t
he
op
ti
cal
sp
ect
ru
m
wh
e
n
the
sign
al
is
pr
op
a
gated
a
nd
i
dea
l
ey
e
diag
ram
o
f
SB
S schem
e.
Fo
r
DS
B
m
odulati
on
,
t
he
f
re
qu
e
ncy
of
the
dr
i
ven
RF
si
gnal
is
40
GHz
,
the
ge
ner
at
e
d
m
illim
et
e
r
wav
e
c
an
ta
ke
up
over
80
-
G
Hz
ba
ndwi
dth
sinc
e
it
has
tw
o
side
ba
nd
s
.
D
ue
to
ha
ving
di
ff
ere
nt
vel
ociti
es
in
SMF,
the
RF
powe
r
at
40
G
H
z
will
disapp
ea
r
after
tra
ns
m
itti
ng
over
a
ce
rtai
n
le
ng
t
h
of
S
MF.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
f
or
SSB
m
od
ulati
on
a
dual
arm
MZM
is
e
m
pl
oyed
to
ac
hiev
e
the
m
od
ulati
on
w
her
e
tw
o
el
ect
ri
cal
RF
sign
al
s
dr
i
ve
t
he
dual
-
arm
MZM
have
a
phase
sh
ift
of
2
an
d
t
he
DC
bias
is
at
0.5
.Th
e
ge
ner
at
e
d
op
ti
cal
m
il
l
i
m
e
te
r
wav
e
cove
rs o
nly 4
0
-
GHz.
Figure
2
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
o
f
opti
cal
m
m
-
wave f
or
SBS tec
hniq
ue.
(C
W
: C
on
ti
nu
ous
Wave
, OA:
Op
ti
cal
Am
plifie
r,
SM
F: Sin
gle Mo
de
Fibe
r,
PL1 &
PL
2: P
um
p
Laser, ED
A: Eye
Diag
ram
A
naly
zer)
in
set
(
i)
Op
ti
cal
s
pectr
um
(
ii
)
Ey
e d
ia
gram
3.
PERFO
R
MANC
E E
V
ALU
ATIO
N
In
orde
r
t
o
desi
gn
the
syst
em
,
it
is
cru
ci
al
to
com
ply
the
syst
e
m
design
wit
h
the
BER
requirem
ent
of
the
netw
ork.
G
ener
al
ly
,
the
Q
-
facto
r
pro
vi
de
s
a
qu
al
it
at
ive
descr
i
ption
of
t
he
receive
r
out
com
es
becau
se
it
i
s
a
fu
ncti
on
of
the
Sig
nal
to
N
oise
Ra
ti
o
(S
N
R
).
The
lo
west
SN
R
requisi
te
to
get
a
sp
eci
fic
BER
fo
r
a
giv
en
sign
al
a
re su
ggest
ed by Q
-
fact
or. Mat
hem
at
icall
y, Q
-
fact
or of a
n op
ti
cal
sig
nal is re
present
ed by:
=
1
−
0
1
−
0
(1)
This
is
w
her
e
1
the
valu
e
of
th
e
1
-
bit
cu
rr
e
nt,
0
is
the
val
ue
of
t
he
0
-
bit
current,
w
hile
1
is
the
sta
nd
a
rd
dev
ia
ti
on
of
the
1
-
bi
t
current,
a
nd
0
is
the
sta
nda
r
d
de
viati
on
of
the
0
-
bit
cu
rr
e
nt.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
connecti
on
of
Q
-
facto
r
to
BE
R i
s presente
d i
n
(
2
)
:
BER
=
1
2
(
2
)
(2)
4.
RESU
LT
A
N
D
DISCU
SSI
ON
The
par
am
et
er
set
up
val
ue
as
sh
ow
n
in
the
f
ollow
i
ng
ta
ble
are
the
ge
nerat
ed
op
ti
cal
m
m
-
wav
e
val
ue
for
SSB
,
D
SB
an
d
SBS
sc
he
m
e
per
f
or
m
ance
w
hich
valid
at
e
by
sim
ulatio
n
us
in
g
O
ptiSy
stem
so
ftwa
re.
In
order
to
dem
onstrat
e
the
propose
sc
hem
e,
the
sy
stem
is
evaluated
by
re
ferrin
g
to
BER
c
urve
,
recei
ved
powe
r
,
Q
-
facto
r
a
nd e
ye
d
ia
gram
.
Ty
pical
p
a
ram
et
e
rs
f
or sim
ulati
on
as
sho
wn in T
able
1.
(ii
)
(i)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Op
ti
cal
Mi
ll
imet
er Wa
ve
Ge
ne
ra
ti
on
util
izi
ng
Stimu
l
ated B
ril
lou
in
Sc
atter
ing
f
or
…
(
M.M
.H
H
us
ai
ni
)
821
Table
1.
Ty
pic
al
p
aram
et
ers
f
or sim
ulatio
n
Para
m
eters
Valu
e
W
av
elen
g
th
1
5
5
0
nm
Inp
u
t po
wer
0
dB
m
Bit rate
10
Gb
p
s
Fib
er
len
g
th
8
0
k
m
Extin
ctio
n
r
atio
3
0
db
Atten
u
atio
n
0
.2 d
b
/k
m
Disp
ersio
n
1
6
.75
ps
/n
m
/k
m
Figure
3
s
hows
the optic
al
m
m
-
wav
e sig
nal
util
iz
es D
SB,
S
SB an
d
SBS
sc
hem
e h
as b
ee
n config
ur
e
d
by
va
ryi
ng
fib
er
le
ngth
over
BER
.
The
gra
ph
de
picts
the
com
par
ison
of
al
l
three
dif
fere
nt
opti
cal
m
m
-
wa
ve
perform
ances
with
fi
ber
le
ngth
ver
s
us
BE
R
rate
where
it
cl
early
ind
ic
at
es
BER
value
inc
reases
a
s
fibe
r
distance
i
ncr
ea
se.
Ba
se
d
on
t
he
a
naly
sis
m
a
de,
it
cl
early
st
at
ed
that
op
ti
c
al
m
m
-
wav
e
si
gn
al
by
DS
B
m
et
ho
d
are
on
ly
ca
pabl
e
to
ge
ne
rate
sign
al
as
fa
r
a
s
20
-
km
,
wh
e
r
e
this
sc
hem
e
do
e
s
no
t
c
om
pliance
in
la
r
ge
-
s
cal
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
netw
orks.
Figure
1
.
BER
ver
s
us
fibe
r dis
ta
nce for SSB
, DSB,
SBS sc
hem
e
Me
anwhil
e,
th
e
SSB
a
nd
S
BS
m
et
ho
d
ca
n
gen
e
rate
si
gnal
up
to
60
-
km
and
70
-
km
resp
ect
ively
befor
e
an
e
rro
r
-
flo
or
of
10
−
9
appe
ared
a
fter
it
is
transm
itted
ov
er
80
-
km
with
bit
rate
sim
ulatio
n
functi
on
a
t
10
G
bps,
at
te
nuat
ion
of
0.2
dB
/km
and
dis
pe
rsion
of
16.
75
ps
/nm
/k
m
is
act
ivate
d.
T
he
r
efore,
it
ca
n
be
sai
d
that
SBS
sc
he
m
e
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
t
he
syst
em
by
16%
syst
em
eff
ic
ie
ncy
com
par
ed
t
o
S
SB.
As
f
or
the
fibe
r
le
ngth
diff
e
re
nce
at
50
-
km
,
SSB
r
ecei
ved
hi
gh
e
r
BER
rate
w
hi
ch
is
10
−
18
c
om
par
ed
to
SBS
sc
hem
e
wh
ic
h
i
s
10
−
28
.
This
reinfo
rc
es
the
fact
th
at
SBS
syst
em
can
ge
ner
at
e
bette
r
sig
nal
ou
t
pu
t
i
n
opt
ic
al
m
m
-
wav
e.
Howe
ver,
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
th
e
syst
e
m
de
graded
over
l
onger
distance
due
to
at
te
nuat
ion
a
nd
disp
e
rs
ion
be
fou
nd. T
hus, hi
gh BER
ca
n de
fect t
he
syst
em
due to
sig
nal l
os
ses.
Fo
r
a
bette
r
id
entifi
cat
ion
,
th
e
opti
cal
powe
r
recei
ved
is
m
easur
ed
on
m
od
ulate
d
sc
hem
e
at
30
-
km
transm
issi
on
.
Figure
4
s
how
s
the
m
easur
ed
BER
cur
ve
ve
rsu
s
receive
d
powe
r.
T
he
sim
ulati
on
va
ryi
ng
inp
ut
powe
r
f
r
om
-
10
dBm
to
0
dBm
are
co
nduc
te
d.
As
a
naly
zed
from
the
r
esult
s
hown,
t
he
a
ver
a
ge
rec
ei
ved
op
ti
cal
power
of
SB
S,
SS
B
an
d
DS
B
s
yst
e
m
m
easur
e
m
ent
is
-
50
dBm
,
-
53.
7
dBm
and
-
5
7.6
dBm
resp
ect
ively
at
20
-
km
transm
i
ssion.
At
t
hat
pa
rtic
ular
distan
ce,
the
lo
west
BER
val
ue
for
SBS
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is
at
10
−
39
wh
il
e
SSB
sch
e
m
e
m
anag
e
to
ac
hiev
e
t
he
rate
of
10
−
32
wh
e
n
the
i
nput
pow
e
r
is
set
t
o
0
dBm
.
By
i
m
po
sin
g
0
dB
m
as
an
ideal
powe
r
la
un
c
h,
it
will
pr
oduce
an
op
ti
m
u
m
a
nd
s
uffici
ent
powe
r
to
ge
ne
ra
te
the
sign
al
.
Th
us
,
it
s
prov
e
n
that
SB
S
sc
hem
e
can
acco
m
m
od
at
e
low
r
ecei
ved
powe
r
besides
m
ai
nta
ining
a
lo
w
BER
m
easur
em
ent.
The
re
for
e,
the
in
pu
t
po
wer
pa
ram
et
er
is
vital
as
to
im
pr
ov
e
t
he
sy
stem
per
f
orm
a
nce
as
dem
on
strat
ed
.
Wh
e
n
in
put
sign
al
decr
ease
s,
high
BER
will
be
pro
duced
.
The
inset
of
Fi
gure
4
sho
ws
the
ey
e
patte
rn of th
e r
ecei
ved
powe
r for SBS
tech
ni
qu
e
.
1.00E-80
1.00E-72
1.00E-64
1.00E-56
1.00E-48
1.00E-40
1.00E-32
1.00E-24
1.00E-16
1.00E-08
1.00E+00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bit Er
ror
R
ate
(BER
)
Fib
e
r
D
istan
ce
(KM)
DSB
SSB
SB
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N
:
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
8
1
8
–
8
2
4
822
Figure
4
.
BER
ver
s
us
receive
d powe
r
f
or SS
B
-
30km
, D
SB
-
20km
an
d SBS
-
30
km
f
iber
le
ng
t
h.(inset s
ho
ws
ey
e p
at
te
rn for
SBS at
30
-
km
)
Figure
5
de
pic
ts
the
curve
of
Q
-
facto
r
agai
ns
t
MZM
extinct
ion
rati
o
by
adjustin
g
the
value
from
9
dB
to
30
dB
at
25
-
km
transm
issi
on
.
T
h
e
M
ZM
extinct
io
n
rati
o
play
s
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole
by
en
surin
g
t
he
res
ult
of
outp
ut
recei
ver
is
hi
gh
est
,
an
d
in
it
s
bes
t
qu
al
it
y.
Acc
ordi
ng
t
o
th
e
gr
aph,
SBS
m
eth
od
has
a
hi
gher
Q
-
factor as
oppos
ed
to
SS
B
and
DS
B
resp
e
ct
iv
el
y.
Q
-
facto
r
a
nd
BER
are
inte
r
connec
te
d
wit
h
eac
h
oth
e
r
wh
e
re
it
s
Q
-
fa
ct
or
of
6
co
rresp
onding
t
o
BER
=
10
−
9
.
F
or
t
he
syst
em
per
f
orm
ance
Q
-
fact
or
of
6
at
25
-
km
,
on
ly
D
SB
sc
hem
e
are
r
each
the
lo
we
st
syst
e
m
l
i
m
it
at
the
extinct
io
n
rati
o
rate
of
15
dB
w
hile
SS
B
and
SBS
sti
ll
pr
oduce
d
good
valua
ble
qu
al
ity
sign
al
at
the
le
ng
th
us
e
d.
Th
us
,
it
is
con
cl
uded
t
hat
SSB
an
d
SBS
schem
e
has
m
or
e
flexibili
t
y
al
so
capab
il
it
ie
s to m
ai
ntained
a
nd su
sta
ine
d
c
ompare
d
t
o DSB.
Figure
5
.
Q
-
fac
tor ver
su
s
MZ
M’s ex
ti
nction
rati
o
f
or S
SB,
DS
B, a
nd SB
S
at 2
5
-
km
tran
s
m
issi
on
d
ist
a
nc
e
As
f
or
DS
B,
SSB
an
d
SBS
schem
e,
the
dem
od
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
a
naly
sis
of
ey
e
dia
gram
after
transm
itti
ng
the
sign
al
ov
e
r
the
le
ng
t
h
are
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
6.
From
the
resu
lt
,
it
is
sh
ow
n
that
the
ey
e
patte
r
n
of
D
SB
schem
e
wh
e
n
transm
it
te
d
at
20
-
km
is
getti
ng
fo
l
de
d
w
hich
hea
d
to
la
rg
e
disp
e
rs
ion
an
d
pe
rfo
r
m
ance
degra
ded
over
a
m
ple
nu
m
ber
of
distance
.
Be
sides
that,
t
he
heig
ht
of
ey
e
diag
ram
fo
r
S
SB
an
d
SBS
s
chem
e
gr
a
dual
ly
lesse
ned
wh
e
n
trave
ll
ing
at 60
-
km
and
70
-
km
r
especti
vely
. Th
er
efore, th
e e
xec
ution
of
opti
cal
m
m
-
wav
e
sig
nal
ge
ner
at
io
n
ca
n
be
w
ra
pp
e
d
up
by
ref
e
rr
i
ng
to
the
ey
e
diagr
am
as
a
ga
ug
e
or
sig
n
of
syst
e
m
perform
ance.
1.00E-40
1.00E-37
1.00E-34
1.00E-31
1.00E-28
1.00E-25
1.00E-22
1.00E-19
1.00E-16
1.00E-13
1.00E-10
1.00E-07
1.00E-04
-63
-58
-53
-48
-43
Bit Er
ror
R
ate
(BER
)
R
e
ce
ive
d
Po
we
r
(d
Bm)
SSB (30KM)
DSB (20KM)
SB
S
(
30KM)
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
Q
-
fa
cto
r
Extinc
tion
R
atio
SB
S
SSB
DSB
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
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a
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J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
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4752
Op
ti
cal
Mi
ll
imet
er Wa
ve
Ge
ne
ra
ti
on
util
izi
ng
Stimu
l
ated B
ril
lou
in
Sc
atter
ing
f
or
…
(
M.M
.H
H
us
ai
ni
)
823
Figure
6. O
ptica
l
m
m
-
wav
e e
ye
d
ia
gram
sign
al
after
tra
nsm
iting
ov
e
r fib
er r
e
su
lt
: (a
) D
SB
-
20
km
(
b)
S
SB
-
60km
(
c) S
B
S
-
70km
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pap
e
r,
we
ha
ve
eval
ua
te
d
an
d
dem
on
strat
ed
t
he
op
ti
cal
m
m
-
wav
e
sign
al
ge
ner
at
ion
based
on
SSB,
D
SB
an
d
SBS
sch
em
e
.
The
analy
sis
prov
es
t
hat
SBS
schem
e
fo
r
RoF
syst
em
le
ad
the
pe
rform
ance
com
par
ison
of
hig
hest
recei
ved
power,
m
ini
m
iz
e
BE
R
and
longes
t
transm
issi
on
ov
er
distanc
e.
The
si
m
ulati
on
de
s
ign
vis
ualiz
ed
that
the
m
et
ho
d
s
uccessfull
y
receive
d
a
ve
rag
e
po
wer
of
-
50
dBm
at
20
-
km,
transm
itted
the
sign
al
over
70
-
km
fiber
le
ngth
w
hic
h
ach
ie
ve
to
i
m
pr
ove
the
syst
em
by
10
%
ov
e
r
SSB
schem
e.
Thu
s,
it
is
stron
gly
pr
ove
n
that
the
pro
posed
m
et
ho
d
is
essenti
al
fo
r
wi
de
scal
e
co
m
m
un
ic
at
io
n
syst
e
m
.
Finally,
it
is
reco
m
m
end
ed
in
f
ut
ur
e
w
ork
re
sea
rch
pa
pe
r
to
ge
ner
at
e
the
m
od
ulati
on
desi
gn
w
idely
with
diff
e
re
nt
data rate
pa
ra
m
et
er.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C.
B.
M.
Rashidi,
S.
A.
Al
juni
d,
F.
Ghani
,
H.
A. F
adhi
l, M.
S.
An
uar
,
and
A
.
R
.
A
rie
f, “
Cardi
na
li
t
y
enr
i
chment
of
fle
xible
cro
ss
co
rre
lation
(FCC
)
code
for
SAC
-
OCD
MA
sy
stem b
y
alleviati
on
in
terfere
nc
e
sch
eme (A
IS),”
Opti
k
(
Stut
tg)
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nuar
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l, “Code
l
engt
h
op
ti
m
iz
a
tion using
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ible
Cross
Corre
la
t
io
n
(FCC
)
code i
n
OCD
MA
net
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,
”
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Conf. P
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cs
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or
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anc
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n
ew cla
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F.
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nd
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S
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Cardi
n
al
ity
enh
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exi
bl
e
Cross
Corre
la
t
io
n
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)
code fo
r
Spect
r
al Am
pli
tude
Cod
ing
Opt
ic
a
l
Code
Divisi
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pl
e
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ess s
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V.
A. Thom
as,
M.
El
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Ha
jjar, a
n
d
L. Ha
nzo
,
“
Per
form
anc
e
Im
pro
vement
and
Cost
Reduction Tech
nique
s for
R
adi
o
Over
Fiber
Com
m
unic
at
ions,
”
I
E
EE
Com
mun.
Su
rv.
Tutor
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2015
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G.
D.
F.
B.
L
ase
rs
et
a
l.
,
“
Optica
l
Microwa
v
e /
M
il
li
m
eter
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W
ave
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nks Us
ing
Dir
ec
t
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”
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,
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–
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20
05.
[7]
T.
Kuri
,
K
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Kit
a
y
ama
,
and
S.
Me
m
ber
,
“
Fiber
-
Optic M
il
l
imete
r
-
W
ave
Dow
nli
nk
Sy
stem,
”
vol
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pp
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–
806,
1999
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[8]
T.
Kuri
and
K.
I. Kitay
ama
,
“
Opt
ic
a
l
he
te
rod
y
n
e det
e
ct
ion
t
ec
hni
que
for
dense
l
y
m
ult
ipl
exe
d
m
il
l
imete
r
-
wave
-
ban
d
rad
io
-
on
-
fib
er
s
ystems
,
”
J
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Light
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Technol
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,
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–
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[9]
C.
Jiang
,
X
.
Che
n,
and
Z
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Li
u
,
“
E
ffe
ct of
Modul
ation
Inde
x
of
Ma
ch
-
Ze
hnd
er
Mod
ula
tor
on
Singl
e S
ide
band
R
adi
o
over
Fiber
S
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st
e
m
,
”
Proc
.
2012
2nd
Int. Conf.
C
omput.
Inf
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Appl.
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[10]
T.
Ge
ern
a
ert
et a
l.
,
“
Tra
nsm
i
ss
ion
improvem
ent
i
n
fibe
r
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le
ss
l
inks u
sing f
ib
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gra
ti
ngs,
”
IEEE Photonics
Technol
.
Lett.
,
v
ol.
17
,
no
.
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DS
B
20 K
M
SSB
60 K
M
SBS
70 K
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
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9
:
8
1
8
–
8
2
4
824
[11]
S.
Yaa
kob
et al
.
,
“
Chara
c
te
risa
ti
o
n
of
DS
B
-
OCS
te
chni
qu
e
for
40
GH
z
rad
io
over
f
ibre
s
y
stem,
”
A
P
CC 2012
-
18
th
Asia
-
Pacific
Co
nf.
Comm
un.
"
Gr
ee
n
Smar
t
Com
mun.
IT Innov.
,
no.
1
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pp
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612
–
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16,
2012
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[12]
R.
Chi
,
L. L
i
,
X
.
Li, and
X.
Sun, “
STIMU
LATE
D BRIL
LOUIN
SC
ATTE
RING
SU
P
PR
ESS
ED
EDFA
IN A
LONG
-
HA
UL
OP
TICAL
FIBER L
INK
SY
STEM,
”
pp
.
14
–
16
,
2015.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Muham
m
ad
Haz
iq
Hus
ai
ni
Bi
n
Maz
el
an
re
ceive
d
the
B.
Eng
.
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
of
Malay
s
ia
Per
li
s
(UniMA
P),
Malay
si
a.
He
is
cur
r
entl
y
complet
ing
th
e
M.Sc.
degr
e
e
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ner
ing
at
Univer
sit
y
of
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
Perli
s
(UniMA
P
)
,
Malay
sia
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
res
t
inc
lud
e
rad
io
over
fibe
r
,
m
il
lim
et
er
wave
,
nonli
n
ea
r
opti
cs
and
opt
ica
l
comm
unic
ation
s
y
st
em.
Mohd Ra
shidi
Bin
Che
Beson
rec
ei
v
ed
his B.
Eng
and
MS
c.
Degre
e
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
of M
al
a
y
s
ia
Per
li
s (
UniMA
P) Mal
a
y
sia
in
2007
and 2011
respe
ctively
.
He
rec
e
ive
d
his
Ph
D
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Eng
ineeri
n
g
in
2014
al
so
f
rom
Univer
sit
y
of
M
al
a
y
si
a
Perli
s
(UniMA
P)
Malay
si
a.
He
is
cur
r
ent
l
y
working
as
Deput
y
Dea
n
a
t
Rese
ar
ch
Mana
g
ement
and
Innov
at
io
n
Cent
r
e
(RMIC),
UniMA
P,
senior
le
c
ture
r
in
Sch
ool
of
Com
puter
and
Com
m
unic
ation
Eng
ine
e
r
ing
and
a
pr
inciple
coor
dinator/re
se
arc
her
at
th
e
Advanc
ed
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Eng
ine
er
ing,
Cen
tr
e
of
Exc
e
ll
en
ce
–
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
muni
cation
Engi
n
ee
ring
(ACE
C
oE
–
SC
CE).
His
rese
arc
h
int
e
rest
is
i
n
Optical
CDM
A
te
chno
log
y
,
R
adi
o
ov
er
Fib
er
(RoF)
and
Fiber
sensor
te
chnol
ogi
es.
He
is
an
IEE
E
m
ember,
IET
me
m
ber
and
he
was
a
comm
it
te
e
of
IE
EE
Photon
ic
s So
ci
e
t
y
Mal
a
y
s
ia C
hapt
er
sinc
e
201
5
-
2016
.
Saida
tul Norl
y
an
a
Aze
m
i
r
ecei
ve
d
her
B
.
Eng in
c
om
m
unic
at
ion
E
ngine
er
ing
and
M.Sc
degr
ee
in
Com
muni
cation
Engi
n
ee
ring
from
Univer
sit
y
of
Mal
a
ysia
Perli
s
(UniMA
P)
in
2007
and
20
09
respe
c
ti
v
ely
.
In
2014
,
she
r
ec
e
ive
d
Ph.D
d
egr
ee
in
Elec
tric
&
El
e
ct
roni
c
Enginee
ring
from
Ro
y
a
l
Melbour
ne
Instit
ut
e
of
Te
chno
log
y
(
RMIT)
Univer
sit
y
,
Aus
tra
lia
in
.
She
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
working
as
senior
l
e
ct
ure
r
in
Schoo
l
of
Com
pute
r
and
C
om
m
unic
at
ion
E
ngine
er
ing,
Univ
ersity
of
Ma
lay
s
ia
Perl
is
(UniMA
P),
and
m
ana
ges
IE
EE
UniMA
P
st
udent
bra
nch
ch
apt
er
.
Her
rese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
inc
l
ude
wire
le
ss
,
antenn
a
propa
g
at
ion
an
d
m
il
li
m
eter
wa
ve.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.