TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 9 ~ 15
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
14i1.723
2
9
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 2
4
, 2014; Re
vi
sed
F
ebruary 27,
2015; Accept
ed March 1
3
, 2015
Detection of Power Quality Disturbances in Micro Grid
Connected Power System
K. M. Priy
ad
harshini*
1
, S. Sriniv
asan
2
, C. Sriniv
asan
3
K.S.Rangas
am
y Co
lle
ge of T
e
chno
log
y
, K.
S.R Kalvi
nag
ar, T
i
ruchengo
de,
India
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: kmpri
y
ad
hars
h
ini
2
4
@
gma
il.
com*
1
, srinivas
ksreee@
gma
il.
com
2
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Micro Grid
is
a
contracte
d
d
i
s
t
ributed
AC
or
DC
n
e
tw
ork. Micro Grid
res
o
u
r
ces are
co
nn
e
c
ted to
the d
i
strib
u
ted
l
i
ne
ar as
w
e
ll
a
s
no
nli
n
e
a
r l
o
a
d
s thro
ug
h p
o
w
er electro
n
ics
conv
erter to
pr
ovid
e a
n
efficie
n
t,
mor
e
rel
i
a
b
le
a
nd q
ual
ity pow
er to
the d
i
stri
buted
lo
ads w
i
t
h reduc
ed c
o
2
emissio
n
. Co
n
s
equ
ently
mak
e
s
full us
e of low
cost gen
erati
o
n reso
urces a
n
d
red
u
ce
w
a
ste. Interconn
ect
ed Mo
de i
n
the
MG is conn
ected
to ma
in gr
id
eit
her b
e
in
g a
b
so
rbed
by it or in
j
e
cti
ng s
o
me a
m
o
unt of p
o
w
e
r into the
ma
in
system. Islan
d
i
n
g
Mode in th
e MG operates se
parate
l
y
w
hen upstrea
m vo
lt occurs in
mai
n
grid netw
o
rk. Usag
e of pow
er
electronic inter
f
ace conv
erter
s
, Integration
of t
he renewable-res
ourc
e
s
based
MG system
to the
main
pow
er system
and n
onl
in
ear l
oads res
u
lts in
harmon
i
cs
ge
nerati
on clutter
the syst
em rel
i
abi
lity an
d oth
e
r
associ
ated
qu
a
lity issu
es. Mo
st of de
ma
ndi
n
g
users
of e
l
ec
tricity are suffe
ring to
a c
e
rtai
n po
or q
u
a
lity
of
electric
al
pow
e
r
. T
he exc
e
ll
en
t time-sc
a
li
ng
r
e
sol
u
tion
ch
ar
acteristic
of W
T
used
for d
e
tection
of var
i
o
u
s
pow
er q
ual
ity disturb
ances
o
f
in
tegrati
ng a
nd
is
lan
d
i
ng Micro
Gr
id c
o
nnecte
d D
i
stributed G
ener
ati
o
n
systems. The
WT plays impo
rt
ant role i
n
an
alysis, des
ig
n and cl
assific
a
ti
on of discr
ete
sign
al pr
ocessi
ng
.
T
he accuracy
and re
li
abi
lity of classificati
o
n
techn
i
qu
es
have
assesse
d on si
gna
ls
conta
m
i
nate
d
w
i
th
nois
e
.
Ke
y
w
ords
: car
bon d
i
oxi
de, po
w
e
r quality, w
a
velet transfor
m
, micro gri
d
, dis
t
ributed g
e
n
e
ra
tion.
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
A title of a
r
ticle recent te
ch
nologi
cal
dev
elopme
n
ts co
mmittee works to
wa
rd
s the
Micro
gene
ration
d
o
main
focus
need
of
red
u
c
ing
emi
s
sio
n
s i
n
the
el
e
c
tri
c
ity gen
eration field
wit
h
the
help
of Micro
Grid
whi
c
h
is
a lo
cal A
C
/DC g
r
id
us
ed t
o
in
cre
a
se th
e sy
stem
efficien
cy al
ong
with
rene
wa
ble
en
ergy
re
sou
r
ces
[1].
L
o
sses
in
en
tire
pow
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
n
e
t
w
o
rk
is
du
e
to
d
i
s
t
r
i
butio
n
s
o
,
M
i
c
r
o
G
r
i
d
a
s
u
s
e
d
to improve the
quality
o
f
power because
Power Quality (PQ) is a
big
problem, which plays an
impor
tant r
o
le in
our modern dyna
mic power systems ne
tw
ork.
Ho
weve
r, thi
s
i
n
te
gratio
n
ha
s i
n
trod
u
c
ed P
o
we
r
Qu
ality i
s
su
es [
2
] that
sho
u
l
d
b
e
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
w
h
e
n
de
si
gn
in
g
M
i
c
r
o
G
r
i
d
.
The
quality
of the powe
r
supplying to t
he utilities,
becom
e
a red-hot
issue re
ce
ntly. The users’ d
e
mand for p
u
r
e ele
c
tr
icity is risi
ng const
antly due to the wide
spre
ad
use of sen
s
itive electri
c
al
and ele
c
tro
n
i
c
devices
[3]. The intercon
nectio
n
of Micro
Grid (MG
)
system
s to existing power sy
stems p
e
rsua
de po
we
r quality, degrade
system
reliability, and
cau
s
e ove
r-v
oltage an
d
safety issue
s
, this pa
pe
r mainly focusin
g
on th
ese i
s
sue
s
. The
extensively fashi
ona
ble g
enerati
on resource
s are wi
nd, photovolt
a
ic
(PV), fuel
cell, etc., wh
ich
can
be
ope
ra
ted in i
s
olate
d
or gri
d
-con
necte
d mo
de
depe
ndin
g
u
pon the
re
qui
reme
nts [4].
Due
to some
ope
rational issu
e
s
an
d un
ce
rtainties in
ch
a
r
acte
ri
stics of
powe
r
g
ene
ration from
wi
n
d
and PV systems, these reso
urce
s ne
ed to be int
egrated al
ong
with main energy sy
ste
m
to
enha
nce the quality and reliability of the power
su
p
p
ly [5] and [6]. Thus, con
c
entration of
solar
and win
d
vari
es over the p
e
riod p
o
tenti
a
lly l
ead to unpre
d
icta
ble
PQ disturban
ce
s like volta
g
e
sag,
swell, h
a
rmo
n
ics
al
ong
with p
o
w
er flow
tho
s
e ca
used b
y
load adju
s
tments, cap
a
c
itor
swit
chin
g, etc. In convent
ional
p
o
wer
system
s, PQ
distu
r
ba
nce
related
probl
ems ca
used by
sud
den
additi
on or
rej
e
ctio
n of larg
e lin
ear a
nd n
onli
near l
oad, in
ductio
n
moto
rs, tra
n
sfo
r
m
e
rs,
etc in
the vol
t
age
sign
al. PQ distu
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
a
r
isi
ng
ei
ther from the
so
urce
sid
e
or the
loa
d
si
de
may lead to
variou
s op
erational i
s
sue
s
such a
s
m
a
lfunctio
n
s, f
a
ilure
of ele
c
trical
equip
m
ent,
instabilitie
s, a
nd so
on [7]. PQ disturba
nce
s
ne
ed to
be dete
c
ting
effectively and cla
s
sified
for
effective ope
ration, co
ntrol,
and p
r
ote
c
ti
on of t
he M
G
system f
r
om
any un
wante
d
ope
ration.
On
islan
d
ing d
e
tection i
n
Mi
cro
Gri
d
-con
necte
d sy
ste
m
s ha
d con
s
ide
r
ed
ba
se
d on fre
que
ncy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 9 – 15
10
variation at the PCC [8] a
nd [9]. In addition to variou
s re
sea
r
che
s
,
work availab
l
e for dete
c
tion
and
cla
ssifi
ca
tion of PQ
disturban
ce
s
FF
T, WT, et
c
were i
n
cl
ude
d.
Different f
r
om
FFT, WT h
a
v
e
based on th
e Multi Reso
lution Analysis (M
RA), which d
e
comp
ose
s
the ori
g
inal sig
nal i
n
to
variou
s e
s
tim
a
ted de
scripti
ons
and
deta
iled versio
n
s
by time -scali
ng an
d wavelet function [8
].
The
wavelet t
r
an
sform
ha
s been i
n
tro
d
u
c
ed
as
an
a
d
aptable te
ch
n
i
que fo
r no
n-stationa
ry sig
nal
analysi
s
; the
sig
nals ma
y be havin
g
faulted
sinu
soid
al o
r
n
o
n
-si
n
u
s
oid
a
l
wave
s [10].
The
recognitio
n
a
nd cla
s
sificat
i
on of faults is im
po
rtant for safe an
d
optimal ope
ration of po
wer
system
s u
s
e
d
for secure maintena
nce
and o
peratio
n of Micro G
r
id system
a feasi
b
le ap
pro
a
ch
is to monito
r fault sign
als so that a
ccurate a
nd
ra
pid cl
assifica
tion of fault is po
ssible o
n
ly
throug
h
Wav
e
let Tran
sform [11]. Wave
let Tra
n
sfo
r
m
’
s effe
ctive wi
ndo
wing
tech
nique
is u
s
ed
to
extract the fa
ult informatio
n [12]. The p
r
ese
n
ce
of the
MG syste
m
open
s a n
e
w
chall
engin
g
task
to resea
r
chers in the
study
of the detecti
on an
d
cla
s
sification
of PQ related
pro
b
le
ms. [2] and [3
]
based o
n
a
r
tificial intellig
e
n
ce te
ch
niqu
es
su
ch
as
A
r
tific
i
al
Neural Network
(ANN), fuzz
y logic
,
etc. Agai
n, K
a
lman
filters
and
Fa
st Fo
urie
r tr
an
sform are
used f
o
r th
e
featu
r
e extra
c
tion,
but
these te
chni
que
s re
quire
the ability to decomp
o
se the sig
nal
in both time and fre
q
u
ency
domain
s
[13]
. AC sig
nal
is inje
cted
into DC po
wer
system to
detect the
AC ha
rmoni
cs
asso
ciated
wi
th sign
al u
s
in
g both
com
b
i
nation
of
WT
and A
N
N [1
4]. WT h
a
s i
m
pleme
n
ted
to
detect and id
entify the various ki
nd
s of PQ distur
ba
nce
s
, this techniqu
e req
u
ire the ability to
decompo
se t
he sign
al in both time
– scali
ng do
mains [15] and [8]. The detection a
n
d
locali
zation
o
f
PQ disturb
ances by wavelet appro
a
ch
es e
n
tirel
y
depend o
n
whi
c
h mot
her
wavelet. To
overcome th
e disadvanta
ge of the
or
i
g
inal
WT, Ka
lman filter
ha
ve develop
ed
for
detec
ting the PQ events [4]. Para
llel
A
c
tive Po
wer fi
lter h
a
ve b
e
e
n
u
s
ed
to im
prove
the
po
wer
quality in grid
conn
ecte
d system [16].
2. Modelling of H
y
brid M
G
Sy
stem
Fa
shi
o
n
abl
e ene
rgy re
so
urce
s,
su
ch
as sol
a
r
PV
an
d wi
nd
e
n
e
r
gy hav
e attra
c
t
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y s
e
c
t
ors
to
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
p
o
w
e
r
that
interconn
ecte
d at P
C
C to t
he mai
n
p
o
wer g
r
id
with
a
n
aim to impro
v
e reliability in power
sup
p
ly again
s
t the load d
e
m
and.
Bo
th
w
i
n
d
an
d
so
l
a
r,
i
s
un
syst
em
atic in n
a
tu
re
an
d de
pe
nd
en
ce on
c
limati
c
ch
an
ge
s. F
o
rtun
ately, t
h
e
probl
em
s
ca
n
mod
e
rately
o
v
erco
me
by i
n
teg
r
ati
n
g
th
e re
so
urce
s t
o
fo
rm
a
hyb
r
id M
G
sy
ste
m
, st
re
ngt
h o
f
on
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
v
er
co
me th
e limita
t
io
n o
f
th
e oth
e
r
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e en
er
g
y
re
so
urc
e
s
co
nn
ec
ted
to th
e
MG
to all
o
cat
e
th
e
sh
ort
a
g
e
p
o
wer a
s
pe
r
co
nditi
on
al
d
e
ma
nd
s.
Ho
wev
e
r, t
h
e
in
terfa
c
i
n
g
of
MG
with
the
s
e e
n
e
r
gy
re
sou
r
ce
s
le
ad t
o
sev
e
ral P
Q
and
i
s
la
ndi
n
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
whi
c
h m
u
st
be
dete
c
te
d, a
n
a
l
yze
d
a
nd mit
i
gate
d
effe
cti
v
ely.
F
i
gure
1
.
Micro
Gr
id
Connec
ted
Energ
y
Resources
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Dete
ction of Powe
r Qualit
y Di
sturb
a
n
c
e
s
in Micro G
r
i
d
Con
n
e
c
ted
…
(K. M. Priyadha
rshini)
11
Maximum p
o
w
er obtai
ning
from
sola
r h
a
s di
re
ct
ly re
lated to
sola
r irra
dian
ce i
n
tensity
and tem
p
e
r
at
ure. Seve
ral
photovoltai
c
cell
s
con
nect
ed in
se
rie
s
,
whi
c
h
is
a
PV module.
The
output cu
rren
t is equal to d
i
fference of light gene
rate
d curre
n
t to diode current [17].
I =
I
ph
- I
D
(1)
I
D
=
Curre
n
t of the diode
I
=
Cell outp
u
t cu
rre
nt and voltage.
I
ph
=
Light gen
erat
ed cu
rrent.
Wind turbine
extract
s
maximum kin
e
tic
energy
from the win
d
, which strikes
rotor blade.
The po
wer
coefficient C
p
i
s
a mea
s
ure
of how much the ener
gy extracted by
the turbine. C
P
may be expre
s
sed a
s
a fun
c
tion of the Ti
p Speed Ratio (TSR) give
n by equation
[17].
ω
R
V
(
2
)
P
1
2
C
ρ
V
ω
AW
(
3
)
P
=
Powe
r (
W).
C
p
=
Power c
o
efficient.
V
=
Wind
v
e
lo
city
(m/s).
A
=
Swept area o
f
rotor disc (m
2
).
=
Den
s
ity
of Air (kg/m
3
).
3. Classifica
tion Method
for Distu
r
ban
ce De
tec
t
ion
In this sectio
n, it is expla
i
ned the
pro
posed meth
o
d
for d
e
tecti
on of po
we
r quality
disturban
ce
s
and this give
the brief discussion a
bout
wavelet tran
sform.
3.1. Discre
t
e
Wav
e
let Transform (DWT)
The voltage
sign
al taken
at PCC i
s
u
s
ed a
s
inp
u
t signal to the
wavelet al
gorithm and
Dau
b
e
c
hie
s
4
(dB4
)
as mot
her wavelet i
s
e
m
ploye
d
a
s
it
ha
s b
een
confirmed
to
perfo
rm
well
[3]
and [18] i
n
d
e
tecting
the
PQ as well a
s
i
s
landi
ng
di
sturb
a
n
c
e
s
.
The
sign
al p
a
ssed
thro
ug
h a
seri
es of high
pass filters to analyze the
high fr
eque
n
c
ie
s, and it passed throug
h a succe
s
sive of
low pa
ss filters to evalu
a
te
the low freq
uen
cie
s
. Therefore, the si
g
nal (S) d
e
co
mposed into t
w
o
types of
co
m
pone
nts; a
p
p
r
oximation
(A
) an
d d
e
ta
il (D).
T
he app
roximation
i
s
high scale
a
s
well
as lo
w-frequ
ency comp
on
ent of the si
gnal. The d
e
t
ail is low
scale as
well a
s
high
-fre
que
ncy
comp
one
nt. The d
e
comp
osition
proce
s
s might b
e
prog
re
ssed,
with succe
s
si
ve app
roxima
tions
decompo
se
d
in turn, accordingly tha
t
one signal
has divided
into many
lowe
r re
solut
i
on
comp
one
nts,
which calle
d the wavel
e
t deco
m
po
sition tre
e
a
nd sh
own i
n
Figure 2.
As
decompo
sitio
n
s h
a
ve do
n
e
on hi
ghe
r
levels, lo
wer frequ
en
cy compon
ents h
a
ve filtered
out
prog
re
ssively.
The WT
u
s
es sho
r
t
wi
n
dows
fo
r hig
h
freq
uen
cie
s
an
d lon
g
wind
ows fo
r
low
freque
ncy co
mpone
nts.
F
i
gure
2
.
Decomposition
o
f
Wa
velet Tree
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12
4. Simulation Resul
t
s an
d Discus
s
io
n
In this se
ction
,
it is explained the results
of rese
arch b
a
se
d on PQ
disturban
ce
s
in Micro
Grid co
nne
ct
ed
p
o
we
r sy
stem
a
nd at the
same
tim
e
is given th
e comp
rehe
n
s
ive di
scu
ssi
on.
Re
sults
can
be pre
s
e
n
ted
in figures, a
nd tables. Th
e discussio
n
have made i
n
several su
b-
cha
p
ters. Th
e vario
u
s op
erating
sce
n
a
rio
s
of th
e
gene
ration
reso
urce
s li
ke
Win
d
an
d
PV
con
n
e
c
ted to
the MG
and
t
heir
co
mbinat
ions have
cre
a
ted a
nd
sim
u
lated i
n
MA
TLAB / Simuli
nk.
The voltage
sign
al at PCC is extracte
d for sim
u
lati
on of ea
ch o
peratin
g sce
nario
and fe
d to
detectio
n
alg
o
rithm
s
. Simulation
s a
r
e
carri
ed o
u
t u
s
ing WT an
d t
he time-f
req
u
ency lo
cali
zat
i
on
prop
erty of the WT and t
he distu
r
ba
n
c
e insta
n
ts
a
r
e dete
c
ted. Distu
r
ba
nce detectio
n
inst
ants
have ob
serve
d
usin
g MAT LAB / Simulink.
4.1. Inter Co
nnec
t
ed Detection for Energ
y
Resources Co
nnec
t
ed to Micro
Grid:
This
sub
s
e
c
ti
on explain
s
t
he gri
d
-con
n
e
cted
hyb
r
id
MG syste
m
u
nder va
riou
s
operating
scena
rio
s
. Th
e thre
e-p
h
a
s
e voltage
sig
nal is
ca
pt
ure
d
at PCC. Vol
t
age an
d current wavefo
rm
o
f
grid conn
ecte
d MG system
have voltage
unbala
n
ce
at initial state. Voltage devia
tion in terms
of
Total
Harmon
ic di
sto
r
tion
o
f
grid
conn
ect
ed M
G
sho
w
n in
Figu
re
3
(
a). T
here i
s
THD p
r
e
s
ent
in
grid
co
nne
ct
ed
system, freque
ncy of
g
r
id
con
n
e
c
te
d MG i
s
sh
o
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re
3(b
)
. F
r
eq
ue
ncy
deviation p
r
e
s
ent i
n
the
p
o
we
r
system
with th
e
all
o
wa
ble limit
becau
se of l
oad
s an
d p
o
w
er
electroni
c interfaces. Th
e comp
uted val
ues for
a
ll the con
s
ide
r
ed
scen
ario
s a
r
e
given in Tabl
e 1.
(a)
(b)
Figure 3. Grid
Conn
ecte
d, (a) THD, (b
) F
r
equ
en
cy
4.2. Islanding Detectio
n for Energ
y
R
esourc
es Co
nnec
t
ed to
Micro Grid
This subsecti
on expl
ain
s
t
he i
s
lan
ded
d
e
tect
ion
u
s
in
g WT in
the
grid
co
nne
cte
d
hybri
d
DG system u
nder
vario
u
s operat
ing
scenari
o
s. I
s
lan
d
ing i
s
a p
h
enome
non
o
c
curs
when
DG
resou
r
ces int
egrate
d
to th
e local load
and the utility grid a
nd is
discon
ne
cted
[19]. The three-
pha
se volta
g
e
si
gnal
hav
e captu
r
ed
a
t
PCC. V
o
lta
ge d
e
viation
in te
rm
s of
Total
Ha
rm
onic
distortio
n
of g
r
id
conn
ecte
d
MG sho
w
n i
n
Figu
re 4
(
a
)
. There is so
me minimu
m
amount
of T
HD
pre
s
ent
in gri
d
conn
ecte
d system, with the
allo
wa
ble
limit of frequ
ency i
n
grid
con
n
e
c
ted
M
G
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 4
(
b). No frequ
en
cy deviation pre
s
e
n
t in the island
ed po
wer
system.
If any fault o
c
curs in the
main po
we
r grid
want to se
cure the di
stribut
rd ge
n
e
ration
resou
r
ce, in that ca
se isl
andin
g
is n
e
c
e
s
sory
for
Micro Gri
d
system.in addi
tion to the fault
islan
d
ing
two
ca
se
s have
con
s
id
ere
d
a
ddition
of
sud
den l
oad,
rej
e
ction
of
sudd
en lo
ad.with
the
help of Wavelet Tran
sfo
r
m here th
e p
o
we
r qu
a
lity disturban
ce
events
have detecte
d,
sh
own
throug
h grap
hical rep
r
e
s
e
n
tation as
we
el as tabul
ate
d
.
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TELKOM
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046
Dete
ction of Powe
r Qualit
y Di
sturb
a
n
c
e
s
in Micro G
r
i
d
Con
n
e
c
ted
…
(K. M. Priyadha
rshini)
13
(a)
(b)
Figure 4. Isla
nded, (a
) THD, (b) F
r
eq
ue
ncy
4.3.
PQ Distur
ba
nce De
te
ctio
n for Energ
y
Resou
r
ces
Conn
ected to Micro Grid
Det
e
cti
o
n
of
the d
i
fferent
PQ di
stu
r
ba
n
c
e
s
play
s
an
imp
o
rt
ant
ro
le fo
r th
ei
r p
o
ssi
b
le
mitigati
o
ns using some effective
al
gorithm
s
so t
h
at the
stabilit
y get
s im
proved t
h
ere
by
increasi
ng the reliability
of
sy
stem.
Thi
s
subsecti
on f
u
rther demonstrates
performance of
WT
in
dete
c
ti
on of
PQ di
stu
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
su
ch
a
s
Voltag
e Unb
a
la
nce (V
U) and l
o
a
d
swi
t
chi
ng. T
he
PQ
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
anc
es
h
a
v
e
cr
ea
te
d
in
gr
id-c
on
nec
ted
h
y
br
id
po
we
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
in
MATL
AB / Simu
link
.
4.3.1. Dete
cti
on of THD at
Sudden Ad
dition Load
S
w
i
t
ching
Sig
n
a
l
sw
itc
h
in
g ar
e co
ns
id
er
ed
the
meth
o
d
pr
op
osed
in
tw
o sce
na
r
i
os
; is
lan
d
in
g
a
n
d
loa
d
scen
a
r
io
s
are ext
r
a
c
t
ed
an
d th
e
corre
s
po
ndi
ng
chan
ge
in
T
H
D i
s
cal
c
ula
t
ed i
n
p
e
rcen
tage
and t
a
b
u
lat
e
d
in Ta
ble
1.
(a)
(b)
Figure 5. Addition of Load
Switch
in
g; (a) THD, (b
) Fre
quen
cy
The a
b
rupt
chan
ge i
n
THD valu
e
s
is o
b
serv
ed to b
e
mo
re tha
n
the th
re
sh
old
value a
n
d
th
us
bo
th
th
e d
i
s
t
ur
ba
nc
es a
r
e
de
tec
t
ed a
s
is
la
ndi
ng
event. It
wa
s
ob
se
rve
d
th
a
t
the d
r
awba
ck
of VU/T
HD techni
qu
e is t
hat a lo
ad swit
chi
ng
ca
n
cau
s
e an a
b
rupt cha
n
g
e
in perf
o
rma
n
ce
indices
even if
the MG is c
o
nnec
ted
to
the ut
ility gr
id (no is
landing
c
a
se)
.
V
o
l
t
age
an
d
c
u
r
r
ent
waveform of
grid
co
nne
cte
d
MG
with
cu
rre
nt value
h
a
s i
n
crea
se
d
with in
crea
se
in lo
ad, volta
ge
deviation in t
e
rm
s of Total
Ha
rmoni
c di
stortion
of g
r
i
d
co
nne
cted
MG sho
w
n in
Figure (a) th
ere
is a
n
in
crea
se in
pe
rcenta
ge of
THD prese
n
t in
micro g
r
id
co
nne
cted sy
stem. F
r
equ
en
cy of
g
r
id
con
n
e
c
ted M
G
sho
w
n i
n
F
i
gure
(b)
sev
e
re f
r
eq
uen
cy
deviation
wit
h
in the
allo
wable limit
pre
s
ent
in the micro g
r
id co
nne
cted
system. The
thre
e
-
ph
ase voltage si
gnal
have ca
pture
d
at PCC.
4.3.2, Dete
cti
on of THD at Sudden Rej
ection Lo
ad
S
w
i
t
ching
:
Voltage an
d
curre
n
t wavef
o
rm of g
r
id
conne
cted M
G
with current
value de
crea
se
s at
the decrea
s
e
in load.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
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046
TELKOM
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Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 9 – 15
14
(a)
(b)
Figure 6. Rej
e
ction of Lo
a
d
Swit
chin
g; (a) THD, (b
) F
r
equ
en
cy
Voltage devia
tion in term
s of Total Ha
rmonic
disto
r
tion of grid
co
nne
cted MG
sho
w
n in
Figure 6
(
a).
There shoul
d
be
severe in
cre
a
se in
percenta
ge of T
HD
present
i
n
gri
d
conn
e
c
ted
system. F
r
eq
uen
cy of gri
d
co
nne
cted
MG show
n
in Figu
re 6
(
b
)
. Dip in f
r
eq
uen
cy deviati
on
within the allo
wabl
e limit prese
n
t in the powe
r
syste
m
.
Table 1. The
Perform
a
n
c
e
of various
scenari
o
s
with their comp
ari
s
on
Po
w
e
r Qualit
y
Disturbance E
v
ents
Scenarios E
v
ents
WT
FFT
THD
Frequenc
y
THD
Frequenc
y
Modes of
operat
i
on
G
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
m
o
d
e
45.34
50.08
09.34
48.53
Islanded mode
0
3
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
0
0
7
.
0
7
4
9
.
9
7
PQ
distur
ban
ces
Rejection of load
180.24 49.94
150.24
50.01
Addition of load
1500
49.99
1500
49.33
5. Conclusio
n
T
h
e wor
k
in
th
is pa
pe
r h
a
s in
tro
duc
ed
a s
i
mu
la
tion
on
de
tec
t
ion
of is
la
nd
ing
e
v
e
n
t
a
nd
PQ
d
i
s
t
urb
anc
es
in
Micr
o
G
r
id
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
ed p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
em us
ing
W
T
te
ch
n
i
q
ues
und
er
vari
ou
s o
p
e
r
ating
sce
n
a
r
i
o
s. V
a
ri
ou
s
ca
ses
such
as
dete
c
ti
on
of isl
a
n
d
in
g
event a
nd
PQ
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
anc
es
s
i
mu
ltan
eo
us
oc
cur
r
e
n
c
e
o
f
is
la
ndi
ng
event
wit
h
th
re
e-ph
a
s
e f
a
ult at P
C
C
h
a
ve
co
n
s
id
ered. Th
ree
-
ph
ase
fault wit
h
i
s
l
and
in
g
a
nd
PQ ev
ent
s
were inv
e
stig
a
t
ed fo
r
diffe
rent
ope
ratin
g
sce
n
a
r
io
s. T
h
e
q
ualit
ative a
n
d
qu
antitativ
e
re
su
lts
c
l
ea
r
l
y
s
how
ed
the
me
rits
o
f
W
T
in
dete
c
ti
on, lo
cali
zati
on of i
s
l
and
in
g eve
n
t and P
Q
di
stu
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
th
e Mi
cro G
r
id
po
we
r
syst
e
m
.
Referen
ces
[1]
Koda
nd
a R
a
m R B P
U S B,
M Ven
u
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a
l
a R
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erat
ion
an
d C
ontro
l of Grid
Co
nn
ected H
y
b
r
i
d
AC/DC Micro
g
r
id usi
ng V
a
rio
u
s RES.
Intern
ation
a
l Jo
urn
a
l
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e
r Ele
c
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r
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[2]
Peças L
opes
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CL, Madur
ei
ra. Defini
ng
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o
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rids Islan
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e
d
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n
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s.
2
006; 2
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24.
[3]
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L
. W
a
velet-b
a
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w
e
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i
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EE
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r
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e
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[4]
Prakash
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a
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oha
nt
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ific
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o
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y
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-con
necte
d
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hor
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i
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te
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Dete
ction of Powe
r Qualit
y Di
sturb
a
n
c
e
s
in Micro G
r
i
d
Con
n
e
c
ted
…
(K. M. Priyadha
rshini)
15
[7]
Via
w
a
n
F
A
, K
a
rlsso
n D, S
a
nni
no A,
Daa
l
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w
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ni
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i BK, Pand
a G. Po
w
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ang Z
Y
, Z
h
a
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i
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Z
hu YW
.
A ne
w
metho
d
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d
e
tecting
PV gr
i
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con
necte
d i
n
verter isl
a
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d
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[10]
Shee
lava
nt VR
, Vija
ya
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i
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W
a
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a
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F
ault D
e
tectio
n Metho
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Ungr
oun
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w
e
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w
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nba
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urna
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[11]
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y
anar
a
y
a
n
a
K, Saheb
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ssain MD, R
a
mesh B.
Identi
f
ication of
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a
u
l
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C
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in
g
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a
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nal of El
ectrical a
nd Co
mp
uter Eng
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