Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of E
le
ct
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
5
62
~
568
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
562
-
568
562
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Evo
luti
on
of
H
-
s
haped di
electric
resonat
or antenn
a for
5G
appli
ca
ti
ons
S.
Z
. N
.
Z
oo
l
Ambia
1
, M.
H
. Jam
aludd
in
2
,
M
. R.
Kam
ar
udin
3
, J.
Nasi
r
4
,
R
. R. Se
lv
ar
aju
5
1
,24,5
W
ire
le
ss
Co
m
m
unic
at
ion
Ce
ntre
(W
CC),
Sch
ool
of El
ec
tr
ic
a
l Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Un
ive
rsiti T
eknol
o
gi
Mal
a
y
s
ia (UT
M),
Malay
s
ia
3
Cent
re
for Elect
ronic
W
arf
are,
I
nform
at
ion
and
C
y
ber
,
Cr
anf
i
el
d
Defe
n
ce
and
Se
cur
ity
,
Cr
anf
ield
Univer
sit
y
,
UK
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
24
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
2
5
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
6
, 2
018
In
thi
s
pap
er,
a
n
H
-
shape
d
Die
le
c
tri
c
Resonat
o
r
Antenna
(DRA
)
with
a
Microstri
p
Slo
t
Apert
ure
(MS
A)
is
pre
sen
te
d
an
d
inve
st
iga
t
ed
a
t
26
GH
z
.
In
orde
r
to
wi
den
the
bandw
idt
h
oper
ation,
the
slo
t
ap
erture
fe
edi
ng
te
chn
ique
is
app
l
ie
d.
The
design
e
d
DRA
with
rel
a
ti
ve
p
ermitt
iv
ity
,
εr
of
10
is
m
ounte
d
on
a
Duroid
subs
tra
te
with
a
r
el
a
ti
ve
per
m
it
t
ivi
t
y
,
εr
of
2.
2
,
loss
ta
ngen
t
of
0.
000
9
and
a
th
ic
kn
ess
of
0.
254m
m
.
The
proposed
a
nte
nna
wi
th
over
all
size
of
20
x
20
x
5.
27
mm3
ac
hie
ves
good
impedance
m
at
chi
ng
,
gai
n
of
7
.
61
dB
and
good
r
adia
ti
on
pa
tterns.
A
n
impedance
ba
ndwidth
of
21.
44%,
cove
rin
g
the
fr
eque
nc
y
ran
ge
from
24.
7
2
GH
z
to
30.
62
GH
z
m
ade
the
ant
enn
a
h
as
pote
ntial
for
m
ill
imete
r
wav
e and
5G a
ppl
icati
ons.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
5G
Diel
ect
ric res
onat
or a
nten
na
(D
R
A)
Mi
cro
strip
slot
ap
e
rtur
e
(
MS
A)
Mi
ll
i
m
et
er w
ave
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Mohd
Haizal
J
a
m
al
ud
din,
W
i
reles C
ommun
ic
at
io
n
Ce
ntre,
Scho
ol of E
le
ct
rical
En
gi
ne
erin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
al
ay
sia
,
81310 S
kudai,
Jo
ho
r
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
:
haizal@fke.
utm
.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
W
i
reless
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
ha
s
bec
om
e
a
ver
y
popula
r
m
e
diu
m
to
ever
y
on
e
i
n
the
world
afte
r
the
com
plete
wireless
syst
em
has
bee
n
la
unch
ed
in
the
ye
ar
of
1897.
T
his
no
wire
d
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
has
re
pl
aced
the
ol
der
ve
rsion
of
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
m
et
ho
d
su
c
h
as
te
le
gr
am
.
The
process
of
sen
di
ng
an
d
receivi
ng
th
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
can
be
car
ried
ou
t
even
if
the
send
e
r
an
d
recei
ver
di
d
not
fac
ing
each
oth
er
.
The
first
ge
ne
rati
on,
1G
us
e
d
anal
og
syst
em
and
ab
ou
t
te
n
y
ears
after
that
,
seco
nd
gen
e
rati
on
known
as
2G
ta
ke
i
n
place.
The
syst
em
keep
gro
wing
rap
i
dly
to
thi
rd
ge
ner
at
i
on
(
3G)
a
nd
f
ourt
h
gen
e
rati
on
(4G)
w
hich
eve
ry
dev
el
op
m
ents o
f
fer
s
bette
r
fe
at
ur
e
to
the u
se
rs.
N
ow,
it
is
ti
m
e
fo
r
fift
h
ge
ner
at
io
n
(5G)
to b
ecom
e
reali
ty
and
us
ers
ca
n
e
njoy
the b
e
ne
fits a
nd im
pr
ov
e
d fe
at
ur
es
offe
red.
Along
with
t
he
de
velo
pm
ent
of
t
he
c
ommun
ic
at
io
n
syst
e
m
,
the
gr
owth
of
sop
histi
cat
ed
el
ect
rical
and
el
ect
ronics
de
vices
in
t
his
ad
vanced
w
orl
d
has
giv
e
n
a
hard
ti
m
e
fo
r
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
fiel
d
to
f
ulfill
the
m
ank
in
d
nee
d.
Alm
os
t
all
dev
ic
es
in
com
m
un
i
cat
io
n
syst
em
s
us
e
current
cel
lular
sp
ect
r
um
,
wh
ic
h
is
be
low
3
GH
z
wh
ic
h
m
akes
this
frequ
e
ncy
sp
ect
ru
m
beco
m
es
congested
[
1
]
-
[
4].
Consi
de
rin
g
this
prob
le
m
,
an
al
te
rn
at
ive
way
to
avo
id
the
overc
rowd
e
d
f
reque
nc
y
sp
ect
ru
m
i
s
to
util
iz
e
the
le
ss
us
ed
frequ
e
nc
y
sp
ect
r
um
wh
ic
h
is
at
m
i
ll
i
m
e
te
r
wav
e
ba
nd
s
at
30
-
300
GHz
[5
]
.
Th
e
de
vices
need
5G
c
el
lular
netw
ork
to
be
op
e
rated
at this
b
a
nds.
The
fr
e
que
ncy
of
m
i
ll
i
m
et
er
wav
e
bands
is
ver
y
high.
T
hu
s,
the
siz
e
of
th
e
antenn
a
needs
to
be
ver
y
sm
a
ll
.
A
s
m
all
siz
e
of
an
te
nn
a
e
is
co
m
plica
ted
to
be
fa
bri
cat
ed
an
d
analy
ze
d.
T
her
e
fore,
Diel
ect
ric
Re
so
nat
or
An
te
nn
a
(
DRA
)
is
the
rig
ht
c
ho
ic
e
t
o
be
us
e
d
as
t
he
a
nten
na
m
a
te
rial
com
par
e
d
t
o
the
c
onve
ntio
nal
ant
enn
a
su
c
h
as
m
ic
ro
strip
patc
h
a
ntenn
a
.
DRA
has
beco
m
e
resear
ch
intere
s
t
in
t
he
la
st
tw
o
de
cades
du
e
to
it
s
ve
ry
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Evolutio
n of
H
-
sha
ped d
ie
le
ct
ric
reson
ato
r
ante
nna f
or 5
G appli
catio
ns
(
S. Z.
N. Zo
ol A
m
bia
)
563
sm
a
ll
siz
e,
li
gh
t
weig
ht,
easy
excit
at
ion
a
nd
la
rg
e
im
ped
an
ce
ba
ndwidt
h
[
6],
[
7].
DRA
a
lso
offe
rs
l
ow
l
os
s
a
s
the
m
a
te
rial
is
no
t
m
ade
fr
om
m
et
al
[8
]
.
Mi
cro
st
rip
patc
h
a
nten
na
is
not
a
su
it
able
ch
oice
to
be
im
ple
me
nted
in the desi
gn a
s the a
nten
na wil
l suffer
of
hi
gh
c
onduct
or l
os
ses at
h
i
gh fr
equ
e
ncy
[9
]
, [
10]
.
W
it
hout
m
od
if
ic
at
ion
,
basic
DRA
su
c
h
as
rectan
gu
la
r,
cy
li
nd
rical
or
he
m
isph
erical
s
ha
pe
will
no
t
boos
t
the b
a
ndwidth
t
o
the h
i
gh
e
r
value.
In
[
11
]
,
t
he
ba
nd
w
idth
obta
ine
d
by
the
rectan
gula
r
-
s
ha
ped
a
nte
nn
a
i
s
on
ly
ab
ou
t
2.1
%.
W
hile
in
[
12]
,
the
cy
li
nd
ri
cal
-
sh
a
ped
a
ntenn
a
produce
a
nar
r
ow
ba
ndw
idth.
T
he
i
m
ped
ance
band
width
ac
hi
eved
after
the
sim
ulatio
n
is
only
4.8%
.
S
o,
t
he
c
oncer
n
of
the
de
sig
n
is
to
i
ncr
ea
se
the
band
width as t
he
m
ai
n
aspect
s in
c
urre
nt D
R
A
r
esearc
h des
ign
als
o fo
c
us
i
ng on t
his m
at
t
er.
The
or
et
ic
al
ly
,
the
wa
velen
gth
of
the
a
nten
na
is
inv
ersely
pr
oport
ion
al
to
t
he
f
reque
ncy.
An
a
nten
na
desig
ne
d
at
m
illim
e
te
r
wav
e
requires
higher
f
reque
ncy
to
ensu
r
e
a
s
m
a
ll
er
wav
el
en
gth
of
the
anten
na
obta
in
ed.
T
her
e
f
or
e,
du
e
t
o
one
of
the
ad
van
ta
ges
of
the
DR
A
wh
ic
h
it
can
be
desig
ne
d
in
a
very
sm
a
ll
siz
e,
wh
il
e
giv
in
g
wi
de
i
m
ped
ance
bandw
i
dth
,
a
n
H
-
s
hap
e
d
DRA
ha
s
been
pro
pose
d
in
this
pap
e
r.
The
anten
na
is
des
ig
ne
d
at
highe
r
f
re
qu
e
ncy,
26
GH
z
wh
ic
h
is
su
it
able
t
o
be
us
e
d
for
5G
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
.
T
he
evo
l
ution o
f
t
he
f
inal
desig
n o
f
the
an
te
nn
a
is
sim
ulate
d
and
pr
ese
nted
.
2.
AN
TE
NNA D
ESIGN
The
init
ia
l
dim
ensio
ns
of
DRA
are
determ
ined
us
i
ng
t
he
e
qu
at
io
ns
dev
el
op
e
d
f
or
the
m
agn
et
ic
wall
wav
e
guide
m
od
el
in
the
tran
sv
ers
e
pla
ne
(
x
-
z
)
by
co
ns
id
erin
g
m
=
n
=
1.
By
m
at
chi
ng
t
he
fiel
ds
a
t
th
e
bounda
ry c
ondi
ti
on
s,
t
he wav
e pro
pa
gation
nu
m
ber
s ca
n b
e d
et
erm
ined b
y t
he
f
ollo
wing
equati
ons:
k
x
=
(1)
k
y
=
(2)
k
2
x
+
k
2
y
+
k
2
z
= ε
r
k
2
o
(3)
wh
e
re
kx,
ky,
and
kz
de
no
te
the
wav
e
-
num
ber
s
al
on
g
x,
y,
and
z
directi
ons,
res
pecti
vel
y,
inside
the
D
R
al
so
sh
oul
d
sat
isfy:
k
z
ta
n(
k
z
d /
2) =
√
(
−
1
)
2
−
2
(4)
wh
e
re
ko
deno
te
s the
wav
e
-
num
ber
in
t
he fr
ee space
.
Figure
1
sho
ws
the
tra
ns
it
ion
from
Re
ctan
gula
r
Diel
ect
ric
Re
so
nat
or
An
te
nn
a
(RD
RA)
to
t
he
pro
po
se
d
H
-
s
ha
ped
DRA
in
t
his
pa
per.
RD
RA
with
the
dim
ension
of
3.5
X
3.5
X
4.94
m
m
is
design
e
d
at
26
GH
z
. In o
rd
e
r
t
o
inc
rease t
he ban
dwidth
, th
e
RDRA
is m
od
ifie
d
to
anothe
r
sh
a
pe,
w
hich
i
s U
-
sh
a
pe
d DR
A.
A
sm
a
ll
r
ect
ang
le
is cut
out at
th
e top pa
rt
of
t
he
D
R t
o
m
ake a
U
-
sh
a
pe
d
a
ntenn
a
.
Figure
1.
The
tran
sit
io
n of H
-
sh
a
ped D
R
A
The
pur
pose
of
m
od
ific
at
io
n
of
t
he
DR
A
is
to
dec
r
ease
the
Q
f
act
or
of
the
resonato
r.
The
relat
io
nship
of
the
Q
fac
tor
an
d
band
w
idth
is
inv
e
rsel
y
pr
op
or
ti
onal
.
The
dec
reasin
g
val
ue
of
Q
f
act
or
will
r
esults i
n
i
ncr
easi
ng v
al
ue
of
band
width. T
his con
diti
on
ob
ey
s
the
fo
l
lowing e
quat
io
n:
BW
=
−
1
√
(5)
wh
e
re:
BW
= Ban
dw
i
dth
S
= Ma
xi
m
u
m
ac
ceptable
VSW
R
Q
= Q
-
facto
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
5
6
2
–
5
6
8
564
Last
ly
,
the
m
o
dificat
ion
e
nd
s
with
H
-
s
ha
ped
DRA.
T
he
sam
e
di
m
ension
of
the
sm
al
l
rectang
le
at
th
e
top
pa
rt
of
the
DR
is
us
ed
a
t
ano
the
r
side
of
the
DR
to
r
eal
iz
e
an
H
-
s
ha
ped
DRA
.
Th
e
siz
e
of
the
s
m
all
rectan
gle is
vari
ed
to
get t
he o
pti
m
u
m
d
im
en
sion t
o fu
l
fill
the
desig
n req
ui
rem
ent.
The
geo
m
et
ry
of
t
he
de
sig
ne
d
ante
nna
after
two
m
od
ific
at
ion
s
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
2.
T
he
m
at
eria
l
us
e
d
f
or
Diel
e
ct
ric
Re
sonat
or
(
DR)
is
EC
COST
OCK
@
HiK
ha
ving
re
la
ti
ve
per
m
it
t
i
vity
of
10
a
nd
ta
ng
e
nt
const
ant
of
0.0
02.
T
he
DR
is
m
ou
nted
on
a
20
X
20
m
m
2
D
uroid
s
ubstr
at
e
wh
ic
h
has
relat
ive
pe
rm
itti
vity,
εr
of
2.2, l
os
s
tang
e
nt
of 0.0
009 an
d
a
thic
kness of
0.254m
m
.
The
DR
is
fe
d
by
m
ic
ro
strip
slot
ape
rtur
e
.
Mi
cro
strip
sl
ot
aper
t
ur
e
fe
edin
g
te
ch
niqu
e
is
cho
se
n
consi
der
i
ng
th
e
fu
lfil
lm
ent
o
f
the
5G
requi
rem
ents
wh
ic
h
is
to
hav
e
high
directi
vity
anten
na
an
d
hi
gh
gain
.
The
use
s
of
m
ic
ro
strip
slot
aper
t
ur
e
te
ch
nique
are
al
s
o
to
pro
vid
e
w
ide
ba
ndwidt
h
op
e
rati
on.
A
no
t
her
adv
a
ntage
of sl
ot ap
e
rtu
re is t
he
s
purio
us
ra
di
at
ion
can
b
e
a
vo
i
ded since t
he
f
eed
n
et
wor
k i
s locate
d belo
w
the
gro
und
plane.
Af
te
r
se
ver
al
analy
sis
an
d
si
m
ulati
on
m
a
de
us
in
g
CST
Mi
crowav
e
S
tud
io
20
15
software
,
the
op
ti
m
u
m
DRA
dim
ensi
on
s
is
ob
ta
i
ned.
The
dim
ension
s
of
the
DR
A
are
as
fo
ll
ows
:
L1
=
W1
=
3.5
m
m
,
L2
=
0.45 m
m
,
W2
=
0.4
0
m
m
an
d
h
=
4.94
m
m
.
Figure
2.
The
op
ti
m
u
m
d
i
m
e
ns
io
n of t
he p
r
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
The
CST
Mi
crowa
ve
Stu
dio
2015
s
of
t
ware
is
us
e
d
to
optim
iz
e
the
an
te
nn
a
a
nd
to
analy
ze
the
par
am
et
ric
ana
ly
sis.
The
par
a
m
et
ric
analy
sis
of
the
Diel
ect
ric
Re
sonat
or
An
te
nn
a
(
DRA
)
by
va
ryi
ng
th
e
siz
e
of
t
he
rectan
gl
e
that
is
a
par
t
of
the
DR
t
ha
t
has
bee
n
c
ut
out
to
get
th
e
optim
u
m
dim
ensio
n
is
prese
nted.
Figure
3
s
how
s
the
si
m
ulati
on
res
ult
for
re
f
le
ct
ion
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
H
-
s
ha
pe
d
ante
nn
a
a
fter
var
yi
ng
three
siz
es
of the
rectan
gl
e D
R t
hat h
as
been cut
out.
Figure
3
.
The
re
flect
ion
c
oe
ff
i
ci
ent of th
ree
de
sign
s
of
H
-
s
ha
ped D
R
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Evolutio
n of
H
-
sha
ped d
ie
le
ct
ric
reson
ato
r
ante
nna f
or 5
G appli
catio
ns
(
S. Z.
N. Zo
ol A
m
bia
)
565
The
pur
po
se
of
va
ryi
ng
the
r
ect
ang
le
DR
is
to
obta
in
t
he
op
ti
m
u
m
siz
e
in
orde
r
to
get
the
wi
dest
band
width
po
s
sible.
T
he
el
im
inati
on
of
t
he
rectan
gle
DR
is
sta
rted
wit
h
a
bi
g
dim
ension
wh
ic
h
is
1
X
1.2
5
m
m
,
fo
ll
ow
e
d
by
m
ediu
m
size
of
0.7
X
0.8
5
m
m
and
la
stl
y,
0.
4
X
0.4
5
m
m
.
The
ba
ndwi
dth
off
al
l
three
si
m
ulati
on
s
ha
s
bee
n
rec
orde
d
i
n
Ta
ble
1.
Fr
om
Table
1,
it
is
cl
early
st
at
ed
that
t
he
s
m
al
le
st
cut
give
s
the
highest
ba
ndwi
dth
, 5
.
9
GH
z w
hic
h
is
eq
uiva
le
nt
to
21.
44%.
The
sm
al
lest
cut
DR
al
so
h
as
be
ne
fit
in
thick
nes
s
of
the
DR,
w
he
r
e
the
thick
ne
ss
is
the
lo
wes
t
com
par
ed
t
o
the
ot
her
s
.
So,
the
overall
siz
e
of
the
ante
nn
a
can
be red
uce
d.
Table
1.
T
he
Result
of T
hr
ee
Desig
ns
of H
-
Sh
a
ped D
R
A An
te
nn
a
P
ar
a
m
e
te
r
D
e
s
i
g
n
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
R
a
n
g
e
(
G
Hz
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
G
Hz
)
(
%
)
D
R
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
(m
m
)
1
X
1
.
2
5
m
m
(
b
i
g
)
2
5
.
3
2
2
–
2
6
.
6
7
4
1
.
3
5
2
(
5
.
2
0
%
)
6
.
7
0
0
.
7
X
0
.
8
5
m
m
(m
ed
i
u
m
)
2
4
.
8
2
0
–
2
7
.
5
8
1
2
.
7
6
1
(
1
0
.
5
5
%
)
5
.
2
8
0
.
4
X
0
.
4
5
m
m
(
sm
al
l)
2
4
.
7
2
2
–
3
0
.
6
2
1
5
.
8
9
9
(
2
1
.
4
4
%
)
4
.
9
4
Table
2
prese
nt
s
the
resu
lt
reco
r
de
d
for
the
evo
luti
on
of
the
anten
na
f
rom
rectang
ula
r
to
H
-
s
ha
pe
DRA,
co
ntaini
ng
freq
ue
ncy
r
ang
e
,
band
widt
h
an
d
gain
of
the
ev
olu
ti
on
process
.
Ba
nd
width
of
17.
43
%
is
ob
ta
ine
d
wh
e
n
no
par
t
of
the
DR
is
cut
out.
The
fir
st
el
i
m
inati
on
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4
resu
lt
s
in
bandw
i
dth
increm
ent
fro
m
17
.43%
t
o
19.
72%.
From
U
-
s
ha
ped
DR
A,
t
he
process
procee
ds
with
the
sec
ond
el
i
m
inati
on
to
f
or
m
H
-
sh
a
ped
DRA
a
s
il
lustrate
d
in
F
igure
5.
A
fter
si
m
ulati
on
m
ade,
the
ba
ndwidth
a
gain
gi
ves
a
po
si
ti
ve
res
ult
wh
e
n
it
inc
rea
se
to
21.44%.
Be
side
the
i
nc
rem
ent
of
the
band
width,
gain
ob
ta
ine
d
fro
m
the
desig
n
is
al
so
increase
d
al
on
g
with
t
he
ev
ol
ution
process
.
The
hi
ghest
ga
in
this
ante
nna
can
reac
h
in
this
pap
e
r
is
7.6
1 d
B.
Table
2.
T
he
Result
of T
hr
e
e
Desig
ns
of H
-
Sh
a
ped D
R
A
Pa
ram
et
er
D
e
s
i
g
n
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
R
a
n
g
e
(
G
Hz
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
G
Hz
)
(
%
)
Gain
(
d
B
)
R
e
c
t
a
n
g
u
l
ar
2
4
.
7
4
9
–
2
9
.
4
5
6
4
.
7
0
7
(
1
7
.
4
3
%
)
7
.
5
6
U
-
s
h
a
p
e
2
4
.
7
4
5
–
3
0
.
1
2
9
5
.
3
8
4
(
1
9
.
7
2
%
)
7
.
5
9
H
-
s
h
a
p
e
2
4
.
7
2
2
–
3
0
.
6
2
1
5
.
8
9
9
(
2
1
.
4
4
%
)
7
.
6
1
Figure
4
.
First
el
i
m
inati
on
of
rectan
gle p
a
rt
of the
DRA
Figure
5
.
Sec
ond el
i
m
inati
on
of r
ect
an
gle
pa
rt of the
DRA
The
far
-
fiel
d
r
adiat
ion
patte
r
n
is
al
so
si
m
ul
at
ed
and
rec
or
ded.
The
ra
dia
ti
on
patte
r
n
is
si
m
ulate
d
in
the
x
-
z
plane
(
E
-
pla
ne)
a
nd
y
-
z
pla
ne
(
H
-
pl
ane).
Bot
h
E
-
pl
ane
(F
i
gure
6)
an
d
H
-
plane
(F
ig
ur
e
7)
ra
di
at
ion
patte
rn
ha
s
broadsi
de
directi
on.
T
he
gain
of
the
a
nten
na
w
hich
is
7.6
1
dB
is
s
how
n
al
on
g
with
t
he
3D
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
r
n plot as
in Fi
gure
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
5
6
2
–
5
6
8
566
Figure
6
.
E
-
pla
ne radiat
io
n pa
tt
ern
Figure
7
.
H
-
pla
ne radiat
io
n pa
tt
ern
Figure
8
.
Far
f
i
el
d
pl
ot in 3
D
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
e
voluti
on
of
H
-
sha
pe
d
D
ie
le
ct
ric
Re
so
na
tor
A
nten
na
(
DRA
)
f
or
5G
Applic
at
ion
s
is
presente
d.
The
desig
n
of
H
-
s
ha
ped
DR
A
is
com
plete
d
after
t
wo
m
od
i
ficat
ion
s
m
ade,
firstly
the
rectan
gu
la
r
D
RA
is
m
od
ifie
d
to
U
-
sh
a
pe
d
DRA
an
d
sec
ondly
to
H
-
s
ha
ped
DRA
.
Sl
ot
a
per
t
ur
e
fee
ding
te
ch
nique
a
nd
the
m
od
ific
at
ion
of
the
a
nten
na
is
us
e
d
to
ob
ta
i
n
la
r
ge
ba
ndwi
dth
op
e
rati
on.
The
f
re
qu
e
ncy
range
of
the
a
nt
enn
a
is
between
24.
72
GHz
to
30.
62
GHz
an
d
th
e
resona
nce
f
r
equ
e
ncy
is
26
GH
z
.
The
ba
ndwi
dth
of
21.44%
is
achieve
d
an
d
the
ref
le
ct
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt,
S11
<
-
10
dB
of
-
25.10
is
ob
ta
in
ed.
G
ood
ra
dia
ti
on
patte
r
n
an
d
gain
of
7.61
dB
are
pr
ese
nted
.
Pr
e
vious
resea
rc
he
s
of
the
un
m
od
ifie
d
rectan
gula
r
DRA
hav
e
on
ly
2.1%
bandw
i
dt
h
and
4.8%
for
cy
li
nd
rical
DRA.
Ba
ndwi
dth
of
the
pro
pose
d
a
nten
na
is
a
bout
te
n
ti
m
es
la
rg
e
r
t
han
previo
us
researc
h
of
rec
ta
ngular
DRA
and
five
tim
es
bigger
t
han
cy
li
ndrical
DRA
.
The
inc
rem
ent
of
t
he
band
widt
h
is
ob
ta
ine
d
by
a
s
li
gh
t
m
od
ific
at
ion
of
the
DR
A
geo
m
et
ry.
Ma
ny
of
the
pr
evio
us
researc
hes
fo
c
us
on
th
e
l
owe
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
As
the
lowe
r
f
re
qu
e
ncies
are
c
ongeste
d
f
ro
m
var
i
ou
s
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
s,
this
propose
d
anten
na
is desi
gn
e
d
at
h
ig
her
fr
e
qu
e
ncy to a
vo
i
d
the cr
owd
ed
an
d
to obtai
n
wide
r
ba
ndw
idth.
T
he
overa
ll
size
of
t
he
ante
nna
is
ver
y
sm
al
l
wh
ic
h
is
only
20
x
20
x
5.2
7
m
m
3
and
the
a
nten
na
desig
n
i
s
at
tract
ive.
F
r
om
th
e
resu
lt
s
dem
on
s
trat
ed
by
t
he
de
sign,
this
H
-
s
hap
e
d
DRA
ca
n
be
a
po
te
ntial
anten
na
to
be
us
e
d
in
m
il
lim
et
er
wav
e
and
5G a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
aut
hors
from
Un
iversiti
Tek
no
l
og
i
Ma
la
ysi
a
wo
uld
l
ike
to
than
k
the
Mi
nistry
of
Edu
cat
io
n
(MOE
)
an
d
UTM
G
UP
(
vo
te
s
13H
26),
UTM
Flag
shi
p
(
03G
59),
FRGS
(4F73
3)
an
d
HiCoE
Gr
a
nt
(Votes
4J
22
0)
for
s
ponsori
ng
this w
ork.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Evolutio
n of
H
-
sha
ped d
ie
le
ct
ric
reson
ato
r
ante
nna f
or 5
G appli
catio
ns
(
S. Z.
N. Zo
ol A
m
bia
)
567
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Z.
Pi,
F.
Khan
,
and
E.
Sam
sung,
“
An
Introduc
ti
on
to
Mill
imete
r
-
W
ave
M
obil
e
Bro
adba
n
d
S
y
stems
,
”IEE
E
Com
m
unic
at
ions Ma
gaz
in
e, vol.
49,
pp.
101
-
107
,
2011
.
[2]
T.
S.
Rapp
apor
t,
e
t
al.,
“
Mill
i
m
et
er
-
W
ave
M
obil
e
Com
m
unic
ations
for
5G
ce
ll
u
la
r
:
It
W
il
l
W
ork!,
”I
EEE
Acc
ess,vol
.
1
,
p
p.
335
-
349
,
201
3.
[3]
L.
W
ei
,
e
t
al.,
“
Ke
y
El
ements
to
Ena
bl
e
Mill
i
m
et
er
W
ave
Com
m
unic
at
ions
for
5G
W
ire
le
ss
Sy
st
ems
,
”
IEEE
W
ire
le
ss
Com
muni
cations,
vo
l.
21,
pp
.
136
-
143
,
2014.
[4]
N.
M.
Nor,
M.
H.
Jam
al
uddin,
“
A
Dual
Band
Mim
o
Diel
ec
tric
Resonat
or
Ante
nna
for
W
LAN
Applic
a
ti
on”
,
Jurnal
Te
knologi (Sci
e
nce
s &
Eng
ine
er
ing),
vo
l. 77, pp. 1
-
4,
2015.
[5]
W
el
ls.
"F
aste
r
tha
n
fibe
r:
Th
e
future
of
Multi
-
Gb/s
W
ire
le
ss
",
IEE
E
Microwa
v
e
Maga
zi
n
e,
vol
.
10,
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3
,
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10
4
-
112,
2009
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[6]
Y.
Ding,
K.
W
.
Le
ung,
“
On
the
Dual
-
Band
D
RA
-
Slot
H
y
brid
Antenna
,
”
IEEE
Tra
nsa
ct
ion
o
n
Antenna
s
and
Pr
opaga
ti
on
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vol
.
57
,
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63
0,
2009
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[7]
J.
Nasir,
et
a
l.,
“
A
Reduc
ed
Siz
e
Dual
Port
MI
MO
DRA
with
High
Isolat
ion
f
or
4G
Applic
a
tion,”
In
te
rna
ti
on
al
Journal
of
RF
an
d
Microwa
ve
Co
m
pute
r‐Aide
d
E
ngine
er
ing, Vol.
14(6),
pp
.
495
-
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01,
2015
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[8]
Y.
He,
et
al
.
,
“
The
D
esign
of
A
Tri
pola
ri
zatio
n
Rec
ta
ng
le
Di
e
le
c
trc
i
c
Resonator
Antenna
,
”
20
16
10th
European
Confer
ence
on
Antenna
s a
nd
Pr
opaga
t
ion
(EuC
AP
),
pp.
1
-
3
,
20
16.
[9]
R.
Chai
r
,
A.
A.
Kishk,
and
K.
F
.
L
ee
,
“
W
ide
nba
nd
stai
r
-
shap
ed
die
l
ec
tr
ic
r
esona
tor
antenna
s,
”
I
EE
E
Mi
cro
w
ave
Antenna
s Propa
gat
ion
,
vol
.
1
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
299
–
305
,
2007.
[10]
M
Abedia
n,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Novel
Desi
gn
of
Com
pac
t
UW
B
Diel
ec
tric
Resonat
or
Ant
enna
W
it
h
Dual
-
Band
-
Rejec
t
ion
Chara
c
te
rist
ic
s
f
or
W
iMAX
/
W
LAN
Bands”,
IE
EE
Antenn
a
and
W
ire
le
ss
Propaga
ti
on
L
et
t
ers.,
vol.
14,
pp
.
245
–
248,
2015
.
[11]
P.
R.
Pim
pal
gaonka
r,
et
al
.
“
Design
of
Rec
t
angul
ar
and
He
m
ispheri
ca
l
Die
le
c
tri
c
Resona
to
r
Antenna
,
”
2016
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
on
Co
m
m
unic
at
ion
an
d
Signal Proce
ss
ing
(ICCSP
),
pp
.
1430
-
1433,
201
6.
[12]
S
A.
Panigra
h
i
a
nd
S.
K.
B
ehe
r
a,
“
H
-
shape
d
Slot
Couple
d
Dual
-
Polarize
d
Di
el
e
ct
r
ic
Reson
at
or
Ant
enna
for
C
-
ban
d
Applic
a
ti
ons.”
2
015
Global Conf
ere
nc
e
on
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Tech
nologi
es
(GCCT
),
pp
.
719
-
722
,
2
015.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Siti
Za
r
ee
n
Na
qi
y
ah
Zool
A
m
bia
obta
in
ed
her
Bac
h
el
or
d
egr
ee
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
-
Elec
tron
ic
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(H
ons.)
in
2016
from
Univer
siti
Te
kno
logi
Malay
s
ia
(UT
M),
m
aj
oring
i
n
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
i
on.
She
is
c
urre
ntly
pursui
ng
the
Master
degr
ee
with
the
W
ireless
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Cent
re
(W
CC),
Univer
isit
i
Te
kn
ologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia
(
UT
M).
Her
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
ests
and
ar
ea
s
inc
lud
e
di
el
e
ct
r
ic
reso
nat
ors a
n
te
nn
a
d
esign
in
5G a
pp
l
ic
a
ti
ons a
nd
m
il
l
imete
r
wav
es.
Mohd
Haiz
al
Ja
m
al
uddin
rec
e
iv
ed
bac
he
lor
'
s
an
d
m
aste
r'
s
degr
e
es
in
el
ectri
ca
l
e
ngine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
T
ekn
ologi
Malay
si
a,
Malay
s
ia,
in
20
03
and
2006,
res
pec
t
ive
l
y
,
and
th
e
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
signal
proc
essing
and
tele
comm
unic
at
ions
fro
m
the
Univer
si
té
de
R
enne
s
1
,
Fr
anc
e
,
in
2009,
with
a
foc
us
on
m
ic
rowave
co
m
m
unic
at
ion
s
ystems
and
spec
i
al
l
y
antenna
s
su
ch
as
d
ie
l
ectri
c
resona
tor
an
d
re
fle
c
ta
rr
a
y
and
d
i
el
e
ct
ri
c
dom
e
an
te
nnas.
H
e
is
cu
rre
ntly
an
As
socia
t
e
Profess
or
with
the
W
ire
l
ess
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Cen
tre,
Facult
y
of
E
lect
ric
a
l
Engi
n
ee
r
i
ng,
Univer
sit
i
Te
knologi
Mal
a
y
sia
.
His
rese
a
rch
int
er
ests
inc
lude
di
el
e
ct
ri
c
resona
tor
ant
e
nnas,
print
ed
m
ic
rostrip
anten
nas,
MIM
O
ant
e
nnas
and
DRA
ref
lecta
r
ra
y
an
te
n
ns.
He
has
publis
hed
m
ore
tha
n
25
pape
rs
in
r
ep
ute
d
inde
xed
jou
rna
ls a
nd
conf
er
enc
e
proc
ee
ding
s.
Muham
m
ad
Ra
m
le
e
Kam
aru
din
obta
ine
d
his
f
irst
degr
ee
from
Univer
siti
Te
k
no
logi
Malay
si
a
(UTM),
Johor
Bahru,
Mal
a
y
s
i
a,
with
honors
,
m
aj
oring
in
e
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l
and
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
ion
engi
ne
eri
ng
and
gra
duating
in
20
03.
He
recei
ved
the
M.S.
degr
ee
in
comm
unic
at
io
n
engi
neering
in
2004
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Birmingham,
Birmingham,
UK
,
an
d
la
t
er
he
obt
ai
ned
his
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
2007
from
the
sam
e
Univer
sit
y
unde
r
the
supervisio
n
of
Profess
or
Pete
r
Hal
l.
Dr
Kam
aru
din
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
worki
ng
as
a
Senior
Le
ct
ur
er
at
C
ent
re
for
E
le
c
tr
onic
W
arf
are,
Inform
at
ion
and
C
y
ber
(
EWIC),
Cranf
i
el
d
Def
enc
e
an
d
Secur
i
t
y
,
Cranf
ie
ld
U
nive
rsit
y
,
UK
.
He
is
an
aut
hor
of
a
book
cha
pt
e
r
of
a
book
entitled
Antenn
as
and
Propaga
ti
on
for
Bod
y
‐C
ent
ri
c
W
ire
le
ss
Com
muni
cations
and
has
publi
shed
m
ore
tha
n
200
t
ec
hni
ca
l
pap
ers
in
journ
al
s
and
proc
ee
d
ings
incl
uding
IE
EE
Trans
a
ct
ion
on
Ant
enna
and
Propa
gat
ion
(TAP),
I
EE
E
Antenna
s
and
W
ire
le
ss
Propaga
t
ion
Lette
r
(AW
PL),
IEE
E
Antenna
Maga
zine,
IE
EE
Ac
ce
ss
,
Inte
rn
at
ion
a
l
Journal
of
Antenna
s
and
Propaga
ti
on
(IJA
P),
Progress
in
El
ec
tromagnetics
Resea
rch
(PIER)
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
5
6
2
–
5
6
8
568
Microwa
ve
and
Optic
al
T
ec
hn
olog
y
Le
t
te
rs
(
MO
TL
),
and
Elec
tron
ic
s
Lette
r
s.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
inc
lud
e
antenna
d
esign
for
5G,
wire
le
ss
on‐bo
d
y
comm
unic
ations,
in‐bo
d
y
comm
unic
at
ions
(implant
able
antenna
),
RF
and
m
ic
rowave
communic
a
ti
on
s
y
st
ems
,
and
ant
enn
a
dive
rsit
y
.
Moreo
ver
,
Dr
Kam
aru
din
is
an
I
EE
E
Senior
Mem
ber
(SM
IEE
E),
a
Mem
ber
of
IET
(MIET
), a
n
Exec
uti
ve
Mem
ber
of
Antenna a
nd
Propaga
t
ion
(AP
/
MTT/
EMC),
Ma
lay
s
ia Cha
pt
er.
Jam
al
Nasir
was
born
in
M
al
ak
a
nd
Agenc
y
,
K.P.
K,
Pakista
n
in
1
983.
He
r
ecei
ve
d
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
El
ectri
ca
l
En
gine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
Tech
nologi
Malay
sia
in
2017
and
M.Sc.
degr
e
e
in
m
obil
e
and
satelli
t
e
comm
unic
a
ti
on
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Bradf
ord,
U.K.
,
i
n
2007.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
an
A
ss
ista
nt
Profess
or
in
the
de
pa
rtment
of
Elec
t
ric
a
l
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g,
COM
SA
T
S
Univer
sit
y
Islam
aba
d,
Abbotta
b
a
d
Campus
,
KP
K
,
Pakista
n
.
His
r
ese
arc
h
intere
sts
inc
lud
e
SIW
base
d
passive
co
m
ponent
s
and
ar
ra
y
s
,
m
et
ama
te
ri
al
s,
sm
art
anten
nas,
m
utua
l
cou
pli
ng
an
aly
sis,
MIM
O a
nte
nnas
,
di
elec
tr
ic r
eson
at
or ante
nn
as,
UW
B
ant
enna
s
,
an
d
wea
r
abl
e
an
te
n
nas.
Raghura
m
an
Selva
ra
ju
was
born
in
Ganda
rva
k
ott
ai,
Ta
m
il
n
adu
,
India
,
in
1989
.
He
rec
e
ive
d
bac
he
lor’s
degr
e
e
in
e
lectr
oni
cs
and
comm
unic
ation
engi
n
ee
ring
and
m
aste
r’s
de
gre
e
in
wi
reless
comm
unic
at
ion
s
y
stems
in
2011
and
2014,
resp
ec
t
ive
l
y
from
Peri
y
ar
Mania
m
m
ai
Univer
sit
y
,
India
.
He
is
cu
rre
ntly
pursuing
the
Ph.D.
degr
ee
with
th
e
W
i
rel
ess
Com
m
uni
ca
t
ion
Cent
r
e
(W
CC),
Univer
siti
Te
kno
logi
Malay
si
a
(UTM).
School
of
Engi
nee
ring
,
Univer
siti
Te
knolog
i
Ma
lay
s
ia.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
i
ncl
ude
m
ic
rostri
p
pat
ch
antenna
s
,
die
l
ec
t
ric
reson
at
or
antenna
s,
MIM
O
ant
enna
s
,
be
amform
ing
arr
a
y
ant
enn
as,
m
utua
l
coupling
ana
l
y
sis
,
m
et
a
m
at
eri
a
ls,
and
split
ring
reson
ators
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.