Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
8
,
pp.
602
~
605
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
, DO
I: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
3
.
pp
602
-
605
602
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Perform
ance
D
evel
opme
nt of a B
LDC Mo
tor Dri
ven W
ate
r
Pum
p usin
g KY
C
onve
rter
An
u
Priy
a
,
S
asi
latha
Resea
rc
h
Schol
a
r,
Dep
art
m
ent of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
n
ee
ring
(
E
EE
M),
AM
ET
Univer
sit
y
,
Chenn
ai
,
Ind
i
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
21
, 201
7
Re
vised
Jan
2
9
, 201
8
Accepte
d
Fe
b
1
7
, 201
8
Thi
s
pap
er
pr
ese
nts
a
per
form
a
nce
inve
stig
at
io
n
of
bld
c
m
otor
emplo
y
in
g
KY
conve
rte
r
.
Convent
ion
al
Th
e la
ndsm
an
conve
r
te
r
is
used
to
m
ini
m
iz
e
th
e
rippl
es
but
the
inve
rt
er
produc
e
s
high
output
p
ower
rippl
es,
which
in
tur
n
aff
ect
the
ou
tpu
t
of
the
inv
erte
r
in
The
propos
ed
KY
conve
rter
re
duce
s
rippl
es
and
sm
oo
th
dc
suppl
y
gi
ves
to
th
e inve
rt
er
the
n
it
wi
ll
us
ed
to
oper
a
t
e
brushless
dc
m
otor,
which
inturn
improves
the
m
otor
per
fo
rm
anc
e.
the
el
e
ct
roni
ca
l
l
y
co
m
m
uta
te
d
brushless
DC
with
volt
age
sourc
e
inverter
c
an
b
e
oper
ated
at
fund
amenta
l
fr
eque
n
c
y
is
to
re
duc
e
sw
it
chi
ng
losses whic
h
outpu
t
in
high
er eff
icie
nc
y
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
BLDC m
oto
r
KY
co
nverter
P
ertu
rb &
obse
rv
e
So
la
r
p
a
nel
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
A
nu
Pr
iy
a
,
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering
(E
EE
M)
,
AMET
Un
i
versi
ty
, Ch
en
nai,
I
nd
ia
.
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
Brushless
DC
(BLDC)
mot
or
is
the
best
choi
ce
for
ap
pli
c
at
ions
that
re
quire
high
e
ffi
ci
en
c
y
,
hig
h
re
liabilit
y
,
and
h
igh
power
-
to
-
vo
lume
ra
ti
o
[1]
.
The
Brushless
DC
m
otors
are
ca
l
le
d
el
e
ct
ron
ically
comm
uta
te
d
m
otors,
tha
t
ar
e
bat
t
er
y
-
powere
d
b
y
a
D
C
el
ectrical
suppl
y
vi
a
an
integr
at
ed
e
le
c
trica
l
c
onver
te
r
power
offe
r
[2]
,
tha
t
produc
es
AC
el
ectrical
po
wer
to
drive
the
m
otor.
in
cont
r
a
st
to
DC
m
otors
they
do
not
hav
e
brushes
or
sw
it
ch
segm
ent
s
[3]
.
Thus
the
se
m
otors
h
av
e
t
err
ibly
low
w
e
ar
and
t
ea
r
,
th
erefore
r
equi
ring
les
s m
ai
nte
nance
[
4]
.
2.
BACKG
ROU
ND
Brushless
DC
mot
ors
uses
ei
ther
int
ern
al
or
exter
nal
posit
ion
sensors
so
as
to
sense
the
posi
ti
on
of
the
rotor
.
In
li
ne
wi
th
th
e
pos
it
ion
of
rotor
the
windings
withi
n
the
st
at
or
coi
l
ar
exc
i
te
d
wi
th
th
e
assistanc
e
of
vo
lt
ag
e
suppl
y
e
lec
tri
c
al
conve
rt
e
r
[5]
.
3.
THE
PROB
LE
M
BLDC
m
otor
is
a
high
per
form
anc
e
m
otor
tha
t
is
ca
pable
of
providi
ng
la
rge
amou
nts
of
torque
over
a
ext
ensive
spee
d
ra
ng
e.
In
t
his
pape
r
desc
r
i
bed
th
at
the
PV
inve
rt
er
topo
log
y
it
is
a
high
eff
i
ci
en
c
y
topo
log
y
[6]
.
Firefly
al
gor
it
hm
is
pre
sente
d
in
thi
s
pape
r in
thi
s alg
orit
hm
used
to
g
ene
ra
te t
he
re
ac
t
ive
power
[7]
.
4.
PROP
OSE
D SOLUTI
ON
The
ci
r
cums
ta
nc
e
of
soalr
pane
l
conve
rt
sun
ra
dia
ti
ons
int
o
el
e
ct
ri
ci
t
y
withou
t
m
ec
hani
c
al
m
echani
sm
,
the
par
ticle
the
o
r
y
of
irra
d
ia
t
ed
en
erg
y
,
is
c
al
l
ed
“
pv
arr
a
y
”
.
solar
ra
di
at
ion
has
p
ocke
t
of
photon
s
[8
-
9]
.
Radi
a
tion
has
irre
gul
ar
re
l
at
io
nship
bet
wee
n
t
empera
ture
and
re
sistance
it
ca
u
se
var
ie
d
outpu
t
pote
nc
y
to
ta
ke
ca
re
of
consta
n
t
outpu
t
power
m
ost
el
ec
tri
c
outlet
fol
lo
wing
te
chni
qu
e
is
emplo
y
ed
.
the
solar
ce
ll
isn
'
t
a
vigorous
devi
ce.
It
produc
es
neither
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Perf
orma
nce
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
a
B
LD
C
Mot
or
Driven
W
ater Pum
p usin
g K
Y Convert
er (
An
u
Priy
a
)
603
cur
re
nt
nor
a
vol
ta
ge
.
A
e
le
c
trica
l
device
c
e
ll
essential
is
a
p
-
n
se
m
ic
onduct
or
jun
ct
ion
.
onc
e
expo
sed
to
th
e
suns
hine
,
a
cur
re
nt
is
g
ene
r
a
te
d
(DC
cur
re
n
t)
.
The ge
n
era
t
ed c
urre
nt
m
odifica
tion li
n
ea
rl
y
with
the
st
ar irra
di
ance
[10]
.
The
m
ost
norm
al
l
y
used
MP
P
T
al
gor
it
hm
ic
p
rogra
m
is
P&O
te
chn
ique.
T
h
i
s
al
gorit
hm
ic
p
rogra
m
uses
strai
ghtforwa
rd
fe
edbacka
rr
angem
ent
and
ti
n
y
m
ea
sured
par
a
m
et
ers.
During
thi
s
appr
oa
ch,
the
m
odule
v
olt
ag
e
is
sporadic
a
lly
giv
e
n
a
per
tu
rba
t
io
n
and
the
r
efo
r
e
the
cor
re
spo
nding
output
p
ower
is
compa
re
d
the
r
ewit
h
at
th
e
pre
viouspe
rturb
i
ng
c
y
cle.
Duri
ng
thi
s
al
gor
ithm
ic
progra
m
a
sm
al
l
per
t
urba
ti
on
is
introduce
to
the
s
y
stem.
Thi
spertur
b
at
ion
ca
uses
the facili
t
y
of
the sta
r
m
odule
v
ari
ed
.
P
erturbat
ion
re
v
erse
s a
s show
n
in
F
ig
ure
1.
Figure
1
.
Graph
Pow
er
ver
sus
Volta
g
e
for
Pertur
b
and
Obs
erv
e
A
lgori
thm
5.
PROP
OSE
D SYSTE
M DESIGN
The
proposed
co
nver
te
r
s
y
st
em
i
s
designe
d
b
ase
d
on
the
sel
ec
t
ion
of
pum
p
and
m
otor.
The
280w
and
7.
3
amps
1200rpm
power rati
ng
is sel
ect
ed fo
r
BL
DC m
otor.
a)
KY C
onverter
This
K
Y
c
onve
rter
is
use
d
t
o
reduce
rip
ples
in
lo
w
po
wer
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
It
is
a
bu
c
k/
boost
conver
te
r
.
It
has
the
e
ff
ic
i
ency
it
po
sse
ss
es
fast
loa
d
tra
ns
ie
nt
re
spo
nse
s.
It
ope
rates
on
l
ow
outp
ut
rip
ples
by
va
ry
ing
the
du
ty
cy
cl
e
.
It
s
te
ps
up
the
i
nput
volt
age
.
It
operates
at
on
t
he
non
pulsa
ti
ng
m
od
e
an
d
pro
duces
the
po
sit
ive
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age.
b)
Circui
t Dia
gr
am
Figure
2
.
Cir
cui
t
Diagr
am of
KY
conve
rt
er
6.
BLOCK
DI
AGRA
M
Bloc
k
di
agr
am
o
f
thi
s
pap
er
consists
of
solar
p
an
el
,
k
y
conv
erter,
m
ppt
cont
ro
ll
er
,
volt
ag
e
sourc
e
i
nver
te
r
an
d
bldc
m
otor
Figure
3
.
Blo
ck dia
gra
m
of
Propos
ed
S
y
st
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
602
–
605
604
KY
conve
rte
r
re
duce
s
the
dc
r
ip
ple
s
it
give
s
sm
ooth
dc
voltage
and
output
giv
e
n
to
volt
ag
e
source
inv
ert
er
.
Volta
ge
suppl
y
i
nver
te
r
conv
ert
dc
in
to ac
.
Fina
lly
bldc m
otor
run
ning
a
t consta
nt
spee
d.
7.
SI
MULATI
ON
AN
D RES
ULT
S
Figure
4
.
S
ola
r
v
olt
ag
es
Figure
5
.
KY
co
nver
te
r
DC out
p
ut
Fig
ure
6
.
Inve
r
ter out
put
Figure
7
.
S
tator
cur
re
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Perf
orma
nce
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
a
B
LD
C
Mot
or
Driven
W
ater Pum
p usin
g K
Y Convert
er (
An
u
Priy
a
)
605
Figure
8
.
Motor
Speed
Fig
ure
9
.
Torqu
e
8.
CONC
LUSION
The
op
era
t
ion
of
Brushless
DC
m
otor
fe
d
b
y
la
ndsm
an
co
nver
te
r
and
KY
conve
rt
er
is
m
odel
ed
i
n
MA
TL
AB/S
IM
ULINK
and
the
wave
form
s
were
observe
d
in
var
i
ous
oper
at
ing
co
ndit
ions.
Conve
nti
onal
s
y
stem
c
onsists
of
la
nds
conve
r
t
er
i
t
h
as
m
ore
ri
pple
s
and
losses.
It
ca
n
be
observ
ed
th
at
the
outp
ut
power
ripple
of
BLDC
m
otor
fe
d
b
y
KY
conve
rte
r
is
re
duce
d
to
about
75%
th
an
th
at
o
f
BLDC
m
otor
f
ed
b
y
la
ndsm
an
conve
rt
er.
Total
har
m
onic
distor
t
ion
of
volt
ag
e
and
cu
rr
ent
a
t
m
otor
inp
ut
is
found
to
be
33.
30%.
Thus
by
using
a
KY
conve
rte
r
the
ou
tp
ut
volt
ag
e
ripp
le
of
the
i
nver
t
er
ci
r
cui
t
c
an
be
re
du
ce
d
a
nd
the
compari
s
on
of
wave
form
s
of
two
ci
rc
uit
s
is
done
for
the
sam
e
input
volt
a
ge
and
spee
d.
REFERE
NCE
S
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I
H
wu,
Mem
b
er,
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and
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r
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ec
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ronics
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il
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a,
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r
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BL
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nve
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r
a
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nt
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c
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nt
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ona
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Elec
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cs
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