Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
990
~
998
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.p
p
990
-
998
990
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Des
i
gn o
f a
mp
lit
ud
e a
nd
p
hase
m
odulat
ed pul
se
t
rains wit
h
good aut
tocorrel
atio
n p
rope
rties
for rad
ar comm
un
icat
ion
s
S.J Rosli
1
, H.
A.
R
ah
im
2
, K.
N.
Abdul
Ran
i
3
1,2
School
of
Co
m
pute
r
and
Enginee
ring
,
Univ
e
rsiti
M
al
a
y
si
a
Per
l
is,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
3
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
roni
c Engi
n
ee
ring
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
,
Unive
rsi
ti Mal
a
y
si
a
Perl
is,
M
al
a
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
1
2
, 201
8
Re
vised
Dec
9
,
2018
Accepte
d
Dec
2
1
, 201
8
Deve
lopment
of
te
chn
ique
for
s
y
nth
esiz
ing
m
ultile
v
el
seque
n
ce
s
with
good
cor
relati
on
prop
ert
i
es
is
ver
y
us
efu
l
for
seve
r
al
r
ada
r
appl
i
cation
s
where
as
a
set
of
phase
and
amplit
ude
cod
e
d
seque
nce
s
will
be
s
y
nth
esiz
ed
dire
c
tly
fo
r
compress
ion
te
c
hnique
.
In
re
al
i
t
y
,
the
signa
l
proc
essing
al
so
been
signifi
ca
n
t
to
tra
nsm
it
or
s
tore
signal
s,
to
enha
nc
e
desire
d
signal
component
and
to
ext
ra
ct
useful
i
nform
at
ion
ca
rr
ie
d
b
y
signa
ls.
Consequent
l
y
,
thi
s
pape
r
desc
ribe
s
aff
e
ctively
m
et
hods
to
gene
ra
ti
ng
t
he
fini
t
e
le
ngth
m
ult
il
evel
seque
nce
o
f
an
y
le
ngth
tha
t
hav
e
low
side
lobe
ene
rg
y
(SLE
)
an
d
improved
ene
rg
y
ratio
(E
R)
in
the
ir
au
to
cor
relati
on
fun
ction
(ACF
).
Te
sting
for
the
stabi
lit
y
and
th
e
ana
l
y
z
ing
of
s
y
stems
ze
ro
pat
t
e
rn
using
z
-
tra
nsf
orm
for
the
gene
ra
ti
ng
sequ
enc
e
indicates
a
poss
ibl
e
posit
i
on
of
roots
in
t
he
rad
ius
of
ci
rc
le
lies.
Thi
s
is
il
lustra
te
d
b
y
a
ppli
c
at
ion
of
13
-
el
ement
Huffm
an
code
as
a
start
ing
sequ
en
ce
,
thi
s
t
ec
hniq
ue
m
ore
low
c
om
ple
xity
and
compati
bl
e
compare
d
inv
ers
e
fi
lt
er
ing te
ch
n
i
que.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Au
t
ocorr
el
at
io
n
F
unct
ion
Energy Ra
ti
o
Ra
dar
C
omm
u
nicat
ion
Sidelo
be
E
ne
rgy
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Hasli
za Ra
him
,
School
of Com
pu
te
r
a
nd
Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
Enginee
rin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
y M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s,
Tingkat
1,
Ka
m
pu
s Tetap Pa
uh P
utra, 0
2600
Ar
a
u, Perlis,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
: hasli
zarahim
@u
nim
ap
.edu.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Most
m
od
er
n
high
pe
rfor
m
ance
rad
a
rs
use
travell
in
g
-
wav
e
tu
be
am
plifie
rs
t
o
ob
t
ai
n
co
he
ren
t
transm
issi
on
[
1].
As
pointed
ou
t
pr
e
viousl
y,
these
tu
bes
work
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
ntly
unde
r
co
ns
ta
nt
am
plit
ud
e
conditi
ons.
M
or
e
over,
go
od
a
m
plit
ud
e
m
od
ulati
on
(A
M
)
is
di
ff
ic
ult
(a
nd
ve
ry
e
xp
e
nsi
ve)
t
o
ac
hiev
e
with
these
dev
ic
es
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
onl
y
purely
ph
ase
m
od
ulate
d
pu
lse
trai
ns
ha
ve
bee
n
c
onsider
ed
s
o
far.
Howev
e
r,
with
t
he
em
erg
ence
of
so
li
d
sta
te
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
s
ources
,
e
ffor
ts
a
re
bein
g
m
ade
to
re
place
the
relat
ively
la
rg
e
and
e
xpensi
ve
vacuum
dev
ic
es
by
low
power
s
olid
sta
te
el
e
m
ents
and
the
wav
e
guid
e
el
e
m
ents
by
plana
r
ci
rcu
it
s.
W
it
h
these
ne
w
com
pone
nts
the
siz
e
and
cost
are
reduce
d
an
d
a
nu
m
ber
of
co
m
m
ercial
app
li
cat
ion
s
beco
m
e feasibl
e [
2].
The
co
ntributi
on
of
s
olid
-
sta
te
dev
ic
es
has
al
so
been
sig
nificant
in
are
as
wh
e
re
pe
rfor
m
ance
was
pr
e
viously
ina
d
eq
uate.
F
or
exam
ple,
it
is
m
uch
easi
er
to
us
e
any
f
orm
of
m
od
ula
ti
on
with
s
olid
sta
te
com
po
ne
nts
[
3]
.
Although
A
M
is
no
t
an
ef
fici
ent
m
e
tho
d
to
pro
vid
e
the
la
rg
e
tim
e
-
ba
nd
widt
h
re
qu
i
red
for
good
ra
da
r
pe
rfor
m
ance,
[
4,5]
it
do
es
pro
vid
e
a
n
e
xcell
ent
m
eans
of
i
m
pr
ov
in
g
the
reso
l
ution
cap
abili
ty
.
Con
se
quently
,
this
cha
pter
t
re
at
s
the
pr
ob
le
m
of
fin
ding
E
R
a
m
plit
ud
e
a
nd
ph
ase
m
od
ul
at
ed
(a
.m
and
p.
m
)
or
m
ul
ti
le
vel seq
ue
nce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
ampl
it
ud
e
and p
has
e modulate
d p
ulse trai
ns
wi
th
good
au
tt
oc
orre
lati
on pro
pe
rti
es…
(
S.
J R
osl
i
)
991
2.
CHOICE
OF
STAR
TI
NG S
EQUEN
CE
The
ch
oice
of
the
sta
rting
s
equ
e
nce
is
an
i
m
po
rtant
pr
o
cess
to
determ
ine
the
best
s
equ
e
nce
of
rand
om
var
ia
bl
es,
desc
ribing
an
ou
tc
om
e
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
the
de
te
rm
inist
ic
patte
rn
an
d
pro
ba
bili
ty
distribut
ion
s.
These c
onstr
uc
ts are e
xtrem
ely u
sef
ul in
pr
obabili
ty
theory.
2.1.
Choice
at Ran
dom
Ra
ndom
sequ
e
nce
with
opt
io
nal
prop
e
rtie
s
t
hat
us
e
pro
per
t
y
su
c
h
as
inte
ge
r
or
le
ngth
va
lue
are
a
ble
to
sp
eci
fy
in
a
ny
m
e
tho
ds
a
nd
any
or
der
to
get
the
possib
il
ities
sequ
e
nc
e
intende
d
f
or
serv
i
ng
as
a
st
arti
ng
seq
uen
ce
.
The desig
n of
a Huf
fm
an
seq
uen
ce
in ge
neral
r
eq
uires
t
he c
ho
ic
e
of the c
od
e
len
gth
(N
+
1), the
ci
rcle
rad
i
us
X
a
nd
the
zer
o
patt
ern
for
w
hich
the
m
agn
it
ude
sequence
|a
(
n)
|
is
m
os
t
un
if
or
m
ly
distri
bu
te
d.
Howe
ver,
it
rem
ai
ns
as
an
unso
lve
d
pro
ble
m
.
The
direct
evaluati
on
of
al
l
2N
possi
ble
root
patte
rn
for
a
giv
e
n
rad
i
us
X
an
d
N
is
no
t
feasi
bl
e
if
N
is
la
rg
er
(N
>
20).
It
re
m
ai
ns
inv
aria
nt
even
after
ac
count
is
ta
ken
of
th
e
zero
patte
rn
s for
m
ed
from
o
t
her
s
by r
otati
on in
the Z
-
plan
e thr
ou
gh
a
n
ang
le
∅
or b
y ot
her
tra
ns
f
orm
ation
s
. A
gen
e
ral
tria
l
of
the
e
rror
proc
edure
was
done
to
c
hooe
a
r
oot
patte
r
n
rand
om
l
y,
to
com
pu
te
the
seq
ue
nc
e
f
or
a
su
ccessi
on of
va
lues fo
r
ra
dius X [
6,7].
This
m
et
ho
d
f
ocuses
m
or
e
in
to
this
pr
ob
le
m
including
th
e
sta
ti
on
ary
phase
pr
i
nciple
a
pp
li
cable
f
or
an
ar
bitra
ry
le
ng
t
h
se
qu
e
nce.
Zer
o
patte
r
n
i
s
one
of
t
he
ra
ndom
so
luti
on
on
this
m
et
hod.
In
fact,
H
uffm
an,
1962
s
uggeste
d
that
i
n
orde
r
to
m
axim
iz
e
the
ER,
the
r
oo
ts
sho
uld
be
ch
os
en
in
a
r
andom
fash
io
n
with
appr
ox
im
at
ely
hal
f
the
zer
os
on
each
c
ircl
e.
He
furt
her
c
on
cl
ud
e
d
that
the
op
ti
m
u
m
ER
sh
ou
ld
be
pro
portion
al
t
o
(N
+
1)
-
1/2
.
G
ener
al
ly
kn
own
that
t
he
c
orr
el
at
ion
pr
op
e
rtie
s
are
us
ed
to
j
ud
ge
the
ra
ndom
seq
uen
ce
wh
e
r
eby
the
seq
ue
nce
is
un
c
orrel
at
ed
with
it
sel
f,
i.e.
ra
ndom
,
i
f
it
s
ACF
has
un
if
orm
l
y
lo
w
side
lob
es
.
Alth
ough
var
i
ou
s
m
et
hods
as
des
cribe
d
ab
ov
e
is
acce
ptable
for
desi
gn
i
ng
Huff
m
an
cod
e
s
wit
h
m
od
eratel
y
la
rg
e
le
ngth
(N
=
100),
t
he
m
ajo
r
diff
ic
ulty
arises
for
lo
nger
se
qu
e
nces
beca
use
of
t
he
di
ff
ic
ulty
of
the
com
pu
ta
ti
o
nal
nat
ur
e
due
to
fact
or
iz
in
g
po
ly
nom
ia
ls
of
de
gr
ees
w
hich
are
la
r
ge
r
tha
n
100.
T
he
fo
ll
owi
ng
sect
ion
s
desc
ribe
s
om
e u
sef
ul m
e
tho
ds f
or
de
sign
i
ng the m
ulti
le
vel seque
nces
[8
]
.
2.2.
Desig
nin
g Multil
evel
S
equences
usin
g
m
inte
ger
and
N
le
ngth
To
gen
e
rate
the
m
ulti
le
vel
seq
uen
ces
t
he
le
ng
th
an
d
s
om
e
integer
is
consi
der
e
d.
T
he
im
pu
lse
-
equ
i
valent
seq
uen
ce
is
a
finit
e
se
qu
e
nce
of
com
plex
nu
m
ber
s
w
hose
a
utoc
orrelat
ion
is
z
ero
∓
N
[9
]
.
T
he
zer
o
patte
rn
s
i
n
Fi
gure
2.3
had
be
en
disc
us
se
d
i
n
Cha
pter
2.
The
zer
os
of
∓
N
li
es
on
2
ci
rcles
is
an
im
pu
lse
equ
i
valent
w
hich
is a
co
m
plex nu
m
ber
of f
i
nite seq
ue
nces.
a)
Sele
c
t
m
with
an
y
integer
(m
=1,
2,
3
.
.
.
)
and
an
y
le
ng
th
of
‘N’.
b)
X
-
X
-
1
should
be
an
in
te
g
er
co
eff
ic
i
ent
and
2
is
an
odd
int
eg
er
and
the
ref
or
e
choose
X
to
be
th
e
posi
ti
ve
roo
t
of
X
-
X
-
1.
0
2
c=
bX
a
(1)
a
ac
-
b
-
b
±
X=
2
4
2
(2)
Eq
uation 1
is a
quadrat
ic
equa
ti
on
for: Usi
ng
‘qua
dr
at
ic
s c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt’
, a
pp
ly
ing
t
his fo
rm
ul
a (E
qu
at
io
n 3
).
0
1
2
=
mX
X
(3)
a)
Gen
e
rated
/
2
−
−
/
2
.
b)
Using
4
c
ondit
ion
s
(
E
quat
ion
4,5,6 a
nd 7)
for gene
rated i
nt
eger val
ues fo
l
lowing le
ng
t
h N:
For
le
ng
t
h 1 u
ntil
3
2
2
)
3
(
,
2
)
2
(
,
1
)
1
(
M
H
m
H
H
(4)
For
le
ng
t
h 4 u
ntil
N+1
The
ce
ntre
elem
ent o
f
=
(
2
)
+1
)
(
*
)
1
(
)
1
(
)
(
)
(
2
2
2
2
N
N
N
N
X
X
H
H
mH
k
H
(5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
990
–
998
992
For
le
ng
t
h
N i
s
>
2
+
1
kN
Kn
H
kN
L
H
)
1
)](
1
(
[
)
(
(6)
If else of
3
c
on
diti
on
s
ab
ove
)
2
(
)
1
(
)
(
k
H
k
mH
k
H
(7)
Table 1
s
hows i
s the set o
f
se
qu
e
nces
with 13
-
le
ng
t
h
of sequence
s and m
=
1,
2, 3, and 4
de
sign
i
ng
by
m
ul
ti
le
vel seq
ue
nces
ge
ner
at
e
d by m
integer and N
len
gth
pro
duces m
(x
)
s
equ
e
nces
.
Table
1.
Seque
nces
Ge
ner
at
ed
b
y
In
te
ger
Val
ues of m
L
m
Seq
u
en
ce
S.L
.
E
E.R
P.S.E
13
1
[
1
2 2
4 6
10
-
1
.89
1
0
-
6
4
-
2
2
-
1]
1
.17
2
3
3
.25
5
7
0
.68
8
0
2
[
1
4 8
20
4
8
11
6
8
2
.01
11
6
-
4
8
2
0
-
8
4
-
1
]
0
.97
2
3
2
.91
3
8
0
.48
5
6
3
[
1
6 1
8
6
0
19
8
6
5
4
86
2
654
-
1
9
8
60
-
1
8
6
-
1
]
1
.09
1
1
2
.26
7
4
0
.66
9
2
4
[
1
8 3
2
1
3
6
576 2
4
4
0
45
5
8
24
4
0
-
5
7
6
13
6
-
328
-
1]
0
.97
0
3
1
.60
7
0
0
.66
6
3
2.3.
Z
eros P
attern
The
zer
os
patte
rn
of
t
he
z
-
tra
nsfo
rm
in
gen
er
at
ing
the
se
que
nce
in
dicat
es
a
po
s
sible
posit
ion
of
r
oo
t
s
at
the
ra
diu
s
w
hich
t
he
ci
rcle l
ie
s.
As
a
n
al
te
rn
at
ive
of h
avi
ng
a g
oo
d
ACF
pro
pe
rtie
s,
th
e
zer
os
p
at
te
rn can
be
edite
d
by
a
dd
i
ng
ne
w
zer
os
with
the
sam
e
ang
le
in
a
ny
le
ng
th
of
the
existi
ng
ze
ro
plo
t.
T
her
e
f
ore,
this
proce
dure ca
n be a
dopted
to
test
the stabili
ty
an
d for a
naly
zi
ng
t
he
syst
em
s b
y i
ns
erti
ng t
he
m
ulti
ple
m
e
thods.
Modula
ti
ng
pu
lse
is
achieved
by
transm
it
ti
n
g
the
pu
lse
th
at
cor
relat
ed
the
receive
d
sign
al
.
Ra
da
r
,
so
na
r
a
nd
ec
hogra
ph
y
ap
plica
ti
on
s
ba
sic
al
ly
us
ed
in
sig
na
l
pr
oce
ssin
g
m
et
ho
d
by
pu
l
se
com
pr
essio
n
is
to
increase t
he ra
ng
e
s
olu
ti
on a
nd to
r
e
duce the
noise [
10]
.
This
m
e
tho
d
i
s
a
pr
oce
dure
fo
r
obta
ini
ng
the
set
of
sequ
e
nces
by
ze
ro
s
plo
t
m
ov
em
ent
us
ing
fd
at
oo
ls.
The
m
ul
ti
le
vel
sequ
ence
al
s
o
us
ed
as
the
init
ia
l
sequ
e
nce
w
il
l
be
rep
res
en
te
d
as
zer
os
of
th
e
po
ly
nom
ia
l.
This
m
et
ho
d
is
aim
ing
to
est
im
at
e
the
righ
t
place
of
the
ne
w
c
oord
i
nate
d
acc
ordance
with
the
char
act
e
risti
c f
ro
m
the initi
al
sequence
. F
i
gure
1
s
hows
t
he flo
wch
a
rt for
this
procedu
re.
The
pro
bab
il
it
y
of
c
hoosi
ng
t
he
ze
ro
el
em
ents
is
d
if
fer
e
nt
f
ro
m
the
ch
oosing
a
nonzero
e
lem
ent.
Th
e
su
f
fici
ently
la
r
ge
fiel
d
siz
e
w
hethe
r
the
se
quence
is
si
ngul
ar
or
not
is
determ
ined
by
prob
a
bili
ty
on
e
by
the
zero
patte
r
n
of
the
seq
ue
nces
,
i.e.
the
ze
r
os
are
locat
e
d
in
zero
s
pl
ot.
T
o
create
t
he
purely
re
al
m
ulti
le
vel
seq
uen
ce
that
hav
e
a
poor
E
R
or
la
rg
e
AC
F
of
sid
e
lo
bes
,
the
plo
tt
in
g
s
hould
li
e
ei
ther
of
t
wo
ci
rcles
w
hic
h
on
e
ci
rcle
at
r
adius
X
w
hile
the
oth
er
ra
dius
at
X
-
1.
I
n
order
to
desi
gn
the
m
ulti
le
vel
sequ
e
nces
,
the
r
e
ar
e
three ty
pes
of
pro
blem
s
that should
b
e
f
ace
d:
a)
Firstl
y,
ch
oo
se
the
num
ber
of
pulse
s
in
t
he
se
qu
e
nce
wh
e
re
the
nu
m
ber
of
roots
fo
ll
owin
g
by
the
al
gorithm
v
aries the
posit
ion
s
.
b)
Seco
nd
ly
,
t
he
rad
i
us
of
one
or
the
oth
e
r
ci
rcle
m
us
t
be
c
ho
s
en
in
t
he
c
om
plex
pla
ne
on
w
hich
the
r
oo
t
li
es
and
the
m
a
xim
u
m
values
of
ER
are
dete
rm
ined.
This
is
to
ensure
that
it
increases
ex
pone
ntial
ly
wit
h
the num
ber
of
root
po
sit
io
ns
wh
ic
h hav
e
to be in
vestigat
e
d.
c)
Last
ly
, th
e r
oots m
us
t be d
eci
ded on
w
hich
c
ircl
e that eac
h
root s
hould l
ie
.
The
ze
ro
s
pl
ot
on
the
z
-
plan
e
are
li
nea
r
sy
stem
.
Ma
tl
ab
so
ft
war
e
us
e
d
to
gen
e
rate
the
program
functi
on to
v
ie
w
the
pole
-
ze
r
o plot
for
this
fi
lt
er,
it
can be
us
e as
an exam
ple:
>>z
plane (ze
r,po
l
)
To
acce
s
s
to
a
n
a
dd
it
io
nal
to
ols,
fv
t
oo
l
c
an
be
us
e
d.
Firstl
y,
the
po
le
s
an
d
ze
ro
s
s
hould
be
c
onve
rted
to the t
ran
s
fer f
un
ct
io
n f
or
m
an
d t
he
n
the
fvt
oo
l ca
n be
us
e
d.
>>[b,a]
=zp2
t
f (zer,
pol,
1),
w
her
e
‘1’ i
s a
ga
in
Desig
ning
Mu
lt
il
evel
Sequ
ences
us
i
ng
m
integer
an
d
N
le
ng
t
h
are
pro
du
ce
d
to
obta
in
m
(x
)
seq
uen
ces
.
Ta
ble
1
sho
ws
th
e
exa
m
ples
of
so
m
e
integer
of
H
uffm
an
seq
uen
ce
s.
It
is
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
m
i
ntege
r
and
le
ngth
of
t
hirteen
,
the
c
onte
nts
of
t
hat
ta
ble
al
so
i
nclu
de
the
SLE,
E
R
and
PSL
.
Re
ferrin
g
f
ro
m
that
data,
the
best
valu
e
of
that
pa
ram
e
te
r
was
f
ound.
Figure
2
s
hows
zer
os
pl
ot
pa
tt
ern
m
ov
e
m
ent
fo
r
le
ngt
h
N=
13
with
the
i
ntege
r
of
m
equ
ival
ent
to
on
e
.
T
he
le
ng
t
h
of
N
sh
oul
d
be
a
n
odd
i
ntege
r
to
ge
ner
at
e
N
2
.
N
le
ngth
s
seq
uen
ces
are
re
pr
ese
nted
as z
ero
s
of t
he po
l
ynom
ia
ls
[
11
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
ampl
it
ud
e
and p
has
e modulate
d p
ulse trai
ns
wi
th
good
au
tt
oc
orre
lati
on pro
pe
rti
es…
(
S.
J R
osl
i
)
993
Y
es
Select
m
,
wh
ere
‘
m
’
is
any
integ
er
(M
u
ltilev
el
co
d
e/seq
u
en
ce that hav
e
g
o
o
d
Auto
c
o
rr
elati
o
n
Fun
ctio
n
’
u
sing
So
m
e I
n
teg
e
r
Hu
f
f
m
a
n
Sequ
en
ces’)
Ch
o
o
se X to b
e the p
o
sitiv
e r
o
o
t.
This
is f
o
r
ex
p
ressib
le as a
su
m
o
f
po
wers of
(
X
-
X
-
1
)
Gen
erate
d
X
N
2
−
X
−
N
2
f
o
r
v
ariou
s
o
f
len
g
th
N
Fin
d
the Hu
f
f
m
an
seq
u
en
ce
g
en
erate
d
by
in
teg
er
v
alu
es o
f
‘
m
’
3
≤
k
≤
1
(
1
=
1
(
2
=
2
(
3
=
2
2
No
(after con
v
ert
f
ro
m
new seq
)
Sto
p
N
o
Y
es
Y
es
No
k
=
N
2
+
1
k
>
N
2
+
1
(
=
N
2
+
H
N
2
−
1
−
H
(
1
×
(
X
N
2
−
X
−
N
2
(
−
=
−
(
+
1
(
−
1
No
r
m
aliz
ed
,
ev
alu
ate the
seq
u
en
ces t
o
get th
e SL
E
and
th
e E
R
Editin
g
/ad
d
in
g
zero
s p
o
les
Co
n
v
ert
co
o
rdin
at
es to
po
ly
n
o
m
ial s
eq
u
en
ce
No
r
m
aliz
ed
the se
q
u
en
ce
If
H(
k
)
is
th
e
set o
f
N
-
len
g
th
seq
u
en
ce
?
(
=
(
−
1
+
(
−
2
Ye
s
No
Figure
1.
Flo
w
ch
a
rt of c
od
e
plo
t
c
oor
di
nate
s w
it
h ad
ding/e
diti
ng
ze
r
os
Or
i
gin
al
seque
nces g
e
ne
rated
b
y t
his
m
et
ho
ds
prod
uce
d
H
(x)= [1 2
2
4 6 1
0
-
1.8
885 10
-
6 4
-
2
2
-
1]
,
wh
il
e S
LE a
nd ER is
1.172
3
a
nd 3.25
57.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
990
–
998
994
Figure
2.
Zer
os patt
er
n
f
or len
gth
-
13 a
nd inte
ger m
=1
Using
fd
at
oo
ls
(Mat
la
b
s
of
tw
are)
t
o
im
po
rt
filt
er
from
wo
r
ks
pa
ce
to
t
he
num
erator
an
d
de
no
m
inator
to
enter
that
pa
rtic
ular
value
at
Po
le
Ze
ro
Editor.
As
a
th
eor
y,
w
hen
t
he
z
-
pla
ne
of
t
he
zero
s
li
es
in
t
he
tw
o
balancin
g
ci
rcl
e,
the
en
velo
pe
of
the
pulse
tr
ai
n
te
nd
s
t
o
be
relat
ively
sy
m
m
et
rical
in
the
m
id
-
pu
lse
[12
]
.
All
po
s
sible
posit
ion
s
of
t
he
r
oo
t
s
in
the
Z
-
do
m
ai
n
are
ge
ne
rated
an
d
each
posit
ion
wh
ic
h
the
ra
diu
s
ci
rcl
e
li
es
has
bee
n
op
ti
m
iz
ed.
The
re
su
lt
of
real
an
d
c
om
plex
fro
m
the
ori
gin
al
seq
ue
nces
a
re
presente
d
in
T
able
2.
That
ta
ble
s
hows
the
rectan
gula
r
a
nd
pola
r
coor
din
at
es
f
r
om
or
iginal
a
nd
editi
ng
pole
de
fine
d
to
disti
nguis
h
bo
t
h
res
ults whi
ch
is t
he
best r
esult disco
ver
e
d.
Fig
ur
e
3
sho
ws
the co
m
plex
en
velo
pes
of
the p
ulse train
fro
m
the origi
nal and
new editi
ng
f
ro
m
the thirtee
n
ze
ro p
at
te
r
ns
.
Table
2.
Re
ct
a
ngular
Co
ordin
at
es
a
nd P
olar C
oord
i
nates
f
r
om
O
rigin
al
a
nd E
diti
ng
/
Addi
ng P
ole
Rectan
g
u
lar
Co
o
rdin
ates
Rectan
g
u
lar
Co
o
rdin
ates
Real
I
m
ag
in
ar
y
Real
I
m
ag
in
ar
y
Origin
al po
le
Editin
g
/ad
d
in
g
po
l
e
-
2
.06
8
0
-
1
.09
5
3
0
-
1
.08
5
4
1
.20
6
3
-
0
.75
5
3
0
.81
7
5
-
1
.08
5
4
-
1
.20
6
3
-
0
.75
5
3
-
0
.81
7
5
0
.77
6
5
1
.23
6
6
0
.57
8
9
0
.90
9
0
0
.77
6
5
-
1
.23
6
6
0
.57
8
9
-
0
.90
9
0
0
.04
2
5
0
.94
2
8
0
.04
2
6
1
0
.98
7
5
0
.04
2
5
-
0
.94
2
8
0
.04
2
6
1
-
0
.98
7
5
-
0
.39
5
5
0
.55
8
8
-
0
.51
9
8
0
.76
5
2
-
0
.39
5
5
-
0
.55
8
8
-
0
.51
9
8
-
0
.76
5
2
0
.44
8
3
0
.46
4
2
0
.63
1
2
0
.66
0
5
0
.44
8
3
-
0
.46
4
2
0
.63
1
2
-
0
.66
0
5
0
.49
5
3
0
0
.89
2
8
0
Po
lar
Co
o
rdin
ates
Po
lar
Co
o
rdin
ates
Magn
itu
d
e
An
g
le
(r
ad
)
Magn
itu
d
e
An
g
le (
rad)
Origin
al po
le
Editin
g
/ad
d
in
g
po
l
e
2
.06
8
3
.14
1
6
1
.09
5
3
3
.14
1
6
1
.62
2
7
2
.30
3
5
1
.11
3
2
.31
6
6
1
.62
2
7
-
2
.30
3
5
1
.11
3
-
2
.31
6
6
1
.46
0
2
1
.01
0
1
1
.07
7
7
1
.00
3
8
1
.46
0
2
-
1
.01
0
1
1
.07
7
7
-
1
.00
3
8
0
.94
3
8
1
.52
5
7
0
.98
8
4
1
.52
7
7
0
.94
3
8
-
1
.52
5
7
0
.98
8
4
-
1
.52
7
7
0
.68
4
7
2
.18
6
7
0
.92
5
0
2
.16
7
5
0
.68
4
7
-
2
.18
6
7
0
.92
5
0
-
2
.16
7
5
0
.64
5
3
0
.80
2
9
0
.91
3
6
0
.80
8
1
0
.64
5
3
-
0
.80
2
9
0
.91
3
6
-
0
.80
8
1
0
.49
5
3
0
0
.89
2
8
0
-
2
.
5
-2
-
1
.
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
R
e
a
l
P
a
r
t
I
m
a
g
i
n
a
r
y
P
a
r
t
12
P
o
l
e
/
Z
e
r
o
P
l
o
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
ampl
it
ud
e
and p
has
e modulate
d p
ulse trai
ns
wi
th
good
au
tt
oc
orre
lati
on pro
pe
rti
es…
(
S.
J R
osl
i
)
995
Figure
3. Com
plex En
velo
pe of
the
Pu
lse
Tr
ai
ns
fr
om
the O
ri
gin
al
a
nd e
diti
ng
Zer
os
pa
tt
ern
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
3.1.
Ef
fect
of
Opt
im
u
m Pul
se Posi
tion
In
the
or
igi
nal
po
ly
nom
ia
ls
wh
e
re
the
f
unct
ion
of
rectan
gu
la
r
co
ordina
te
s
con
ta
ins
th
e
zero
-
pole
-
gain
s
uch
as
poly
(r
ec
_coord
inate
s)
f
un
ct
io
n.
Fig
ure
3
s
hows
t
he
m
ov
em
ent
of
the
r
oot
coor
din
at
es
wh
ic
h
te
nd
s
to
li
e
clo
ser
in
the
un
it
ci
rcle.
That
appr
oach
e
d
w
as
done
by
i
m
plem
enting
zero
s
plo
t
(a
ddin
g
a
nd
e
diti
ng)
wh
ic
h
has
bee
n
pro
ve
n
e
ff
ect
ive
in
creati
ng
new
il
lustrati
on
s
.
All
of
these
zer
os
will
be
deci
de
d
on
their
ow
n
ab
out
w
her
e
the
root
in
that
ci
rcle
shou
l
d
li
e.
Re
fer
e
nce
f
ro
m
two
dif
fe
ren
t
se
qu
e
nces
is
a
com
pu
ta
ti
on
al
proce
dure
wh
i
ch
giv
es
accu
r
at
e
resu
lt
e
ve
n
wh
e
n
t
he
S
LE
is
low
w
hile
th
e
ER
is
m
os
tl
y
high
.
Fr
om
the
a
dd
i
ng
a
nd
e
diti
ng
m
et
ho
d,
real
a
nd
im
aginar
y
axi
s
f
r
om
rectang
ula
r
c
oord
i
nat
es
Table
1
il
lus
trat
ed
as
‘p’
for
e
valuati
on
by
Ma
tl
ab
us
in
g
the
poly
(p)
f
unct
ion
wh
e
re
p
is
a
ve
ct
or
to
retu
r
n
a
row
vecto
r
whos
e
el
e
m
ents
are
the
coe
ff
ic
ie
nts
of
t
he
poly
nom
ial.
W
it
h
that,
it
pro
du
ce
d
the
new
set
of
se
quence
H(b)
=
[1.00
00
0.2
47
3
0.947
8
0.4
864
1.3
28
0
0.3
198
0.0
088
0.
5767
-
1.1
750
0.468
5
-
0.9
39
2
0.3
623
-
0.9817
]
.
T
he
SLE
of
H
(b)
seq
uen
ce
is
1.463
5,
wh
il
e
th
e
ER
is
4.
52
02.
Fig
ur
e
4
an
d
Figure
5
show
s
the
autoc
orre
la
ti
on
functi
on
val
ue
s
of
both
se
quence
s.
Bot
h
of
t
his
grap
h
hav
e
a
posit
iv
e
resu
lt
in
div
i
du
al
ly
w
her
e
t
he
H
x
seq
uen
ces
ha
ve
the
lo
w
S
LE
w
hile
the
H
b
hav
e
the
best
PSL
a
nd
the
de
ta
il
s
of
t
he
va
lue
is
in
Table
3
a
nd
Table
4.
T
he
original se
que
nc
es H(x
)=
[1 2 2
4
6 1
0
-
1.8
885 1
0
-
6 4
-
2 2
-
1]
Figure
4. A
utoc
orrelat
ion F
unct
ion
of the
Or
i
gin
al
Se
quen
ce
s (Hx)
Table
3.
C
orrel
at
ion
Values
Obtai
ned
wit
hin
input Se
qu
e
nce
s of Le
ngth
13
(
Hx
)
0
(
ℎ
1
(
ℎ
2
(
ℎ
3
(
ℎ
4
ℎ
5
(
ℎ
6
(
ℎ
7
(
ℎ
8
(
ℎ
9
(
ℎ
10
(
ℎ
11
(
ℎ
12
(
ℎ
1
-
0
.11
6
0
0
.68
8
0
-
0
.04
6
4
0
.29
4
9
-
0
.02
3
2
0
.09
8
3
-
0
.00
0
3
0
-
0
.00
2
4
-
0
.00
4
2
-
0
.00
4
9
-
0
.00
3
0
The
ge
ne
rated sequen
ce H(b)
=
[1
.
0000 0
.
2473
0.9
478
0.4
864
1.3
280
0.3
198
0.0
088
0.5
767
-
1.1
75
0
0.468
5
-
0.9
392 0.3
623
-
0.981
7]
0
5
10
15
20
25
-
0
.
2
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
1
1
.
2
T
i
m
e
A
u
t
o
-co
rrel
at
i
o
n
v
al
u
es
o
f
H
(x
)
A
u
t
o
co
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
o
f
H
(
x
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
990
–
998
996
Figure
5. A
utoc
orrelat
ion F
unct
ion
of the
Ge
ner
at
e
d
Se
quen
ces (
Hb)
Table
4.
C
orrel
at
ion
Valu
es
Obtai
ned w
it
hin
input Se
qu
e
nce
s of L
e
ngth
13
(Hb)
0
(
ℎ
1
(
ℎ
2
(
ℎ
3
(
ℎ
4
ℎ
5
(
ℎ
6
(
ℎ
7
(
ℎ
8
(
ℎ
9
(
ℎ
10
(
ℎ
11
(
ℎ
12
(
ℎ
1
-
0
.04
3
0
0
.64
4
0
0
.01
1
2
0
.20
5
7
0
.00
7
0
6
(
ℎ
7
(
ℎ
8
(
ℎ
9
(
ℎ
10
(
ℎ
11
(
ℎ
-
0
.12
3
1
3.1.
Conditi
ons f
or C
onver
gence
Conver
ge
nce
t
est
is
the
m
et
ho
d
f
or
te
sti
ng
the
co
nver
ge
nc
e
of
data
coll
ect
ed
pri
or
t
o
the
pre
vious
on
e
to
get
the
rou
gh
ly
gr
a
ph
cl
earer.
I
n
Fig
ur
e
6
shows
th
e
insign
ific
a
nt
changin
g
bet
w
een
the
el
em
e
nts
of
two
data
eve
n
tho
ug
h
it
is
kn
ow
n,
that
the
Hu
f
fm
an
code
is
the
best
s
equ
e
nce
(
13
-
le
ng
t
h).
Theref
ore,
the
m
ul
ti
le
vel seq
ue
nce
H(b) can
be dig
nified
as
a good
seq
ue
nc
e.
T
hese
se
qu
ences a
re:
Huff
m
an
se
qu
e
nce: [
1.0 1.
081 0.5
97 0.79
0.6
86
-
0.9
05
-
1.0
86 0.90
5 0.686
-
0.791 0.
597
-
1.08 1.0]
Mult
il
evel
sequ
ence
[g
e
ne
rated
seq
ue
nce
H(b)
]
:
[1.00
00
0.
24
73
0.9
478
0.4
864
1.3280
0.3
19
8
0.008
8 0.576
7
-
1.1
750 0
.46
85
-
0.939
2 0.362
3
-
0.9
817]
Figure
6.
G
raph
plo
tt
ing f
or
Huff
m
an
Se
quences a
nd Mult
il
evel Seque
nc
es that are
go
od in
the
ACF
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
w
ork
has
been
p
resen
te
d
m
et
ho
ds
f
or
the
desi
gn
of
m
ul
ti
le
vel
sequ
ence
s
that
ha
ve
pulse
li
ke
autoc
orrelat
ion
fu
nc
ti
on
s
a
nd
relat
ively
hig
h
ene
rg
y
rati
o.
This
accom
pl
ishes
to
inv
e
sti
gations
int
o
di
scret
e
cod
i
ng
te
ch
niques
for
im
pr
ov
ing
range
res
olu
ti
on
an
d
cl
utter
pe
rfo
rm
a
nce
of
ra
dar
syst
e
m
s.
The
wa
ve
form
consi
der
e
d
i
n
this
w
ork
be
sides
re
prese
nting
an
i
nter
est
ing
m
at
hem
at
ic
al
area,
are
al
so
of
pract
ic
a
l
sign
ific
a
nce i
n rela
te
d
fiel
ds
s
uch as s
onar
, n
avigati
on, a
nd
dig
it
al
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
.
The
pr
opos
e
d
m
et
ho
ds
c
on
t
ribu
te
s
the
ge
ne
rati
on
of
wav
e
form
s
that
hav
e
desira
ble
pro
per
ti
es
f
or
i
m
pr
ovin
g
the
ra
ng
e
re
so
l
ution
of
ra
dar.
T
hro
ughout
t
his
w
ork
dig
it
al
processi
ng
ha
s
bee
n
a
ssu
m
ed.
The
app
li
cat
io
n
of
dig
it
al
proces
s
ing
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
to
ra
da
r
bec
om
es
m
or
e
prac
ti
cal
as
com
pactnes
s,
c
hea
pness
an
d
op
e
rati
onal
spe
ed
of
di
gital
m
ic
ro
ci
rcu
it
s
con
ti
nue
to
increase.
Althou
gh
m
od
er
n
op
ti
cal
proce
ssin
g
te
chn
iq
ues
s
om
et
i
m
es
pr
ov
i
de
an
at
tract
iv
e
al
te
rn
at
ive,
the
us
e
of
di
gital
m
e
tho
d
with
it
s
inh
eren
t
fl
exibili
ty
and
reli
abili
ty
offer
s
m
an
y
adv
anta
ges.
T
o
m
ention
but
a
few,
it
si
m
plifi
es
pu
lse
com
pressi
on
a
nd
real
tim
e
m
ul
ti
-
di
m
ensio
nal
analy
sis
of
in
pu
t
data
in
ra
nge,
Dop
pler,
bear
i
ng,
et
c.
Further
m
or
e,
it
al
so
offer
s
0
5
10
15
20
25
-
0
.
4
-
0
.
2
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
1
T
i
m
e
A
u
t
o
-co
rrel
at
i
o
n
v
al
u
es
o
f
H
(b
)
A
u
t
o
co
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
o
f
H
(
b
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-
2
.
5
-2
-
1
.
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
L
en
g
t
h
o
f
Seq
u
en
ces
Seq
u
en
ces
H
u
f
f
m
a
n
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
(
g
o
o
d
A
C
F
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
ampl
it
ud
e
and p
has
e modulate
d p
ulse trai
ns
wi
th
good
au
tt
oc
orre
lati
on pro
pe
rti
es…
(
S.
J R
osl
i
)
997
consi
der
a
ble
a
dv
a
ntage
s
in
post
detect
io
n
a
nd
dis
play
pro
cessi
ng.
I
n
a
dd
it
ion
the
us
e
of
dig
it
al
proce
ss
or
will
in
m
any
cases
re
du
ce
f
uture
syst
e
m
m
od
if
ic
at
ion
s
to
eas
y
and
ine
xpen
sive
s
of
t
war
e
changes
,
rathe
r
tha
n
requirin
g
c
os
tl
y har
dware
re
pl
ace
m
ents.
In
c
oncl
us
i
on,
the
m
ulti
le
vel
co
de
pulse
tr
ai
ns
de
sig
n
ca
n
be
as
the
ef
f
e
ct
ive
way
to
i
m
pr
ove
the
ov
e
rall
pe
rfo
r
m
ance
of
desir
ed
pro
per
ti
es.
It
can
e
nh
a
nce
the
ra
dar
pe
rfor
m
ance
by
usi
ng
the
ze
r
os
patte
r
n
m
et
ho
ds.
It
ha
s
the
flexi
bili
ty
to
dis
po
se
t
he
no
ise
rati
o
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
the
ER
in
that
pulse
tr
ai
ns
.
T
he
ER
va
lued
is
great
er
t
han
ori
gin
al
seq
ue
nces
but
have
po
or
cha
racteri
sti
c
of
SL
E
com
par
ed
between
m
od
ifie
d
a
nd
without
m
od
ifi
cat
ion
se
quenc
es
but
from
the
pe
rfor
m
ance
resu
lt
it
was
e
f
fici
ent
an
d
flex
ible
im
ple
m
entat
ion
com
par
ed
t
he
ano
t
her
m
et
ho
ds
,
w
her
e
it
is
the
c
om
bin
at
ion
of
‘in
ver
se
filt
ering’
a
nd
‘
cl
ipp
in
g’
pro
vi
des
a
m
et
ho
d
of
ge
ner
at
in
g
wa
ve
form
s
that
hav
e
desi
rab
le
pro
per
ti
es
f
or
i
m
pr
ov
in
g
the
range
an
d
D
oppler
reso
l
ution o
f ra
dar [
13
-
15
]
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
re
searc
h
was
s
upporte
d
by
U
niMA
P
grant
(S
T
G
9001
-
0057
1).
W
e
a
re
tha
nkf
ul
to
our
colle
agues
who
pro
vid
e
d
e
xperti
se
th
at
gre
at
ly
assist
ed
th
e
resea
rch,
al
thou
gh
they
not
agr
ee
with
al
l
of
th
e
interp
retat
ion
s
pro
vid
e
d
in
thi
s p
a
per.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C.
Jin
et
al
.
,
"O
pti
m
iz
at
io
n
of
phase
seque
nc
es
design
for
TDCS
-
base
d
mul
ti
pl
e
acce
ss
s
y
stem,"
2016
8th
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
on
W
ir
el
ess Com
m
unic
at
ions
&
Signa
l P
roc
essing
(W
CS
P),
Yangz
hou,
2016,
pp
.
1
-
5.
[2]
M.
Solta
na
li
an
a
nd
P.
Stoic
a
,
"D
esign
of
per
fe
ct
phase
-
quantize
d
seque
nce
s
with
l
ow
pea
k
-
to
-
av
er
age
-
power
r
at
io
,
"
2
012
Proce
ed
in
gs
of
the
20th
Europe
an
Signal
Proce
ss
ing
Con
fer
ence
(
EUSIP
CO),
Bucharest,
2012,
pp
.
2576
-
2580.
[3]
X.
Yi
e
t
a
l.,
"P
hase
Noise
Eff
ect
s
on
Phase
-
Modulated
Coher
ent
Optic
a
l
OF
DM
,
"
in
IE
EE
Photon
ic
s
Journal
,
vol
.
8,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
1
-
8
,
Feb.
2016.
[4]
J.
Xu,
B.
B
ai
,
C.
Dong,
Y.
Dong,
Y.
Zhu
and
G.
Zha
o,
"
Eva
lu
at
i
ons
of
Plasm
a
Stealth
Eff
ective
n
ess
Based
on
th
e
Probabil
ity
of
R
ada
r
D
et
e
ct
ion
,
"
in
IE
EE T
ran
sa
c
ti
ons on
Pl
asm
a S
ci
ence, vol
.
45,
no.
6,
pp.
938
-
9
44,
June
2017.
[5]
A.
M.
As
sem
,
R.
M.
Danserea
u
and
F.
M.
Ah
m
ed,
"A
dapt
ive
sub
-
n
y
quist
sam
pli
ng
base
d
on
haa
r
wav
el
e
t
an
d
compress
ive
sensing
in
pulsed
rad
ar,
"
2016
4th
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
W
orkshop
on
Co
m
pre
ss
ed
Sensi
ng
The
or
y
and
i
t
s
Applic
a
ti
ons t
o
Rada
r, Sonar an
d
Remote
Sensin
g
(CoSeRa), Aa
c
hen,
2016
,
pp
.
1
73
-
177.
[6]
Y.
Li
u
and
P.
H.
Baue
r
,
"O
n
pole
-
z
ero
pa
tt
er
ns
of
non
-
nega
t
ive
impuls
e
r
esponse
discre
t
e
-
t
i
m
e
s
y
stems
with
complex
pole
s
a
nd
ze
ros,"
2009
17th
Medit
err
an
ea
n
Confer
ence
on
Control
and
Autom
at
ion,
Th
essaloni
ki
,
2009
,
pp.
1102
-
1107
.
[7]
N.
N.
Gorobet
s,
V.
I.
Ki
y
k
o
an
d
V.
N.
Gorobet
s,
"A
nal
is
y
s
of
cro
ss
-
pola
rized
rad
iation
of
op
ti
m
iz
ed
r
efl
e
ct
or
ant
enn
as,
"
2013
Inte
rna
ti
on
al
K
har
kov
S
y
m
posi
um
on
Phy
si
cs
and
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
of
Microwa
ves
,
Mill
imet
er
an
d
Subm
il
li
m
et
er W
ave
s,
Kharki
v
,
2013,
pp.
458
-
4
60.
[8]
A.
Polpet
ta
an
d
P.
Bane
lli,
"
Design
and
per
form
anc
e
of
Huffm
an
seque
nc
es
in
m
edi
ca
l
ult
rasound
cod
e
d
exc
i
ta
t
ion,
"
in
I
EE
E
Tr
ansa
c
ti
o
ns
on
Ultra
sonics,
Ferroe
lectr
i
cs,
and
Freque
nc
y
Control
,
vol
.
59,
no.
4,
pp.
630
-
647,
April
2012.
[9]
MJ
.
M.
Bade
n,
M.
S.
Davis
and
L.
Schm
ie
der
,
"Effi
cient
en
er
g
y
gra
d
ie
n
t
calc
ula
ti
ons
for
bin
a
r
y
and
po
l
y
phas
e
seque
nce
s,"
201
5
IEEE
R
ada
r
C
onfe
ren
c
e
(R
adarCon),
Arling
ton
,
VA
,
2015
,
pp
.
0304
-
0309.
[10]
S.
Gupta,
M.
Zapf,
H.
Krauß
and
N.
V.
Ruit
er,
"D
esign
of
huffm
an
seque
nc
es
wit
h
li
m
it
ed
b
andwi
dth,
"
201
4
IE
EE
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Ul
t
rasonic
s S
y
m
pos
ium,
Chicago,
I
L,
2014
,
pp
.
108
9
-
1092.
[11]
Y.
Ta
nada
and
K.
Sato,
"Long
huffm
an
seque
nce
s
der
ive
d
fro
m
eve
n
func
ti
on
al
quadr
a
ti
c
r
esidue
s,"
The
Sixt
h
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
W
o
rkshop on
Signal Design
and
Its
Applic
a
ti
ons i
n
Com
m
uni
ca
ti
ons,
Tok
y
o
,
2013
,
pp.
56
-
59
.
[12]
S.
Gupta,
M.
Z
apf
,
H.
Krauß
a
nd
N.
V.
Ruit
er
,
"Eva
lu
ation
of
Huffm
an
Sequenc
es
base
d
m
ism
at
che
d
fi
lt
e
r
f
or
bandwidt
h
li
m
it
e
d
3D US
CT
s
y
st
em,"
2015
IE
EE
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Ul
t
rasonic
s S
y
m
pos
ium (IUS
),
Taip
ei
,
2015,
pp.
14.
[13]
Ghani,
F.,
Rosli,
S.J.,
Ghani,
A.H.A.
,
Ahm
ad,
B.
R.
:
“
W
ave
f
orm
Design
for
Im
prove
d
Ran
ge
and
Doppler
Resolut
ion
in
Rada
r”
.
In:
Proce
ed
ings
Thi
rd
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
on
In
t
el
li
g
ent
S
y
stem
s,
Modeli
ng
an
d
Sim
ula
ti
on
ISM
SI 2011,
h
el
d
at
Kota
Kina
Ba
lu,
Malay
s
ia,
8
-
10
Februa
r
y
,
2012,
p
p
247
-
251.
[14]
Rosli,
S.J.,
Gha
ni,
F.,
Ghan
i,
A
.
H.A.,
and
Ahm
ad,
B.
R
.
:
“
S
y
nth
esis
of
Finit
e
L
engt
h
Multi
L
ev
el
Sequences
for
Clut
te
r
Re
jecti
o
n
in
Rada
r”.
201
2
Fourth
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Conf
ere
nc
e
on
Com
puta
ti
onal
Intelli
g
ence,
Com
m
unic
at
ion
S
y
stems
and
Ne
t
works
.
[15]
Rosli,
S.J.
,
Gha
ni,
F.
,
Ghan
i,
A.H.A.
,
and
A
hm
ad,
B.
R
.
:
“
An
Ittera
t
ive
Tec
hnique
of
Am
pli
tude
and
Phase
Modulat
ed
Puls
e
Tra
ins
for
Rada
rs”.
Fourth
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Confer
ence
on
Control
,
Com
m
unic
at
ion
and
Pow
er
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
CC
PE
2013,
B
an
ga
l
ore
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
990
–
998
998
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Siti
Julia
Ros
li
rec
e
ive
d
h
er
Ba
c
hel
or
degr
ee
and
Master
degr
ee
s
in
Com
pute
r
En
gine
er
ing
from
the
Univer
siti
Malay
sia
Per
li
s,
Perli
s,
Mal
a
y
sia
,
in
2009
an
d
2014,
respe
ct
i
vely
.
She
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
workin
g
towar
ds
the
PhD
degr
ee
in
th
e
School
of
Co
m
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
at
t
he
Univer
si
ti
M
al
a
y
si
a
Perl
is,
P
erl
is,
Malay
si
a
.
Her
m
ai
n
res
ea
r
ch
intere
sts
inc
lud
e
rad
ar co
m
m
unic
at
ions and mass
ive
MIM
O signa
l
pro
ces
sing.
Hasli
z
a
A
Rah
i
m
rec
e
ive
d
th
e Bac
he
lor
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Eng
ine
er
ing
from
Univer
sit
y
of
Southern
Cal
ifor
nia
,
Los
Angel
e
s,
US
A
in
2003.
La
te
r
,
she
received
the
Master
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
Desi
gn
S
y
stem
from
the
Univ
ersit
i
Sains
Malay
sia
,
Tra
nskri
an,
Pul
au
Pinang
,
Malay
s
ia
in
200
6
and
Ph.D
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
nee
r
ing
fr
om
the
Univer
siti
Malay
si
a
Perli
s,
Perli
s
,
Malay
si
a
in
2015.
She
joi
ned
th
e
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
U
niMAP
in
16th
Augus
t
2006
as
le
ct
ur
er
and
now
as
senior
le
ct
ur
er.
Curre
ntly
,
she
i
s
the
Program
m
e
Chai
rpe
rson
of
Pos
tgra
duate
Studie
s
under
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
.
She
is
Excel
l
ence
Resea
rch
Grou
p
(BioE
M).
Her
ext
ensive
r
ese
arc
h
ar
ea
co
ver
s
a
ran
ge
of
appl
ie
d
eng
ineeri
ng
including
adva
nced
te
chno
logi
es
for
4G/5G,
ant
ennas
,
wire
le
ss
bod
y
are
a
net
works
(W
BAN
),
eff
ec
ts
of
RF
on
hea
l
th,
and
b
io
el
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
s
.
Sever
a
l
rese
a
rch
funds
were
gra
nte
d
n
at
ion
al
l
y
and
int
ern
at
ion
al
l
y
s
uch
as
Fundam
ent
a
l
Rese
arc
h
Grant
Sc
heme
,
Nati
ona
l
Sci
enceFund,
and
Malay
s
ia
n
Com
m
unic
at
ions
and
Multi
m
edi
a
Co
m
m
is
sion.
She
h
as
aut
hor
ed
and
coa
uthor
ed
about
72
pe
er
r
evi
ewe
d
sc
ie
nt
if
ic
publica
ti
ons,
inc
ludi
ng
3
art
i
cl
es
in
Na
ture
Publishing
Group
journa
l
(Scie
ntific
Rep
orts),
3
p
at
en
ts,
and
2
book
cha
pt
ers.
As
a
dvisor,
he
r
supervise
d
proj
e
ct
s
has
al
so
won
prizes
such
as
t
he
Th
ird
Pla
ce
i
n
IEEE
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
Sec
ti
on
Final
Yea
r
Proje
ct
Com
pet
ition
(Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
ation
Tra
ck)
in
2017.
She
is
a
m
ember
of
the
Bioe
lectr
om
agn
et
i
cs
and
IEEE
MTT
-
S,
and
a
Gr
adua
te
Mem
ber
of
Board
of
Engi
neers
Malay
s
ia
(BEM
).
She
has
been
awa
rde
d
with
the
Excel
l
enc
e
W
om
an
Inve
ntor
b
y
the
Univer
siti
Ma
lay
sia
Pe
rli
s
in
2011,
and
Silv
er
m
eda
l
at
th
e
Inte
rn
at
ion
al
Inve
nti
o
n
,
Innova
ti
on
& Te
chnol
og
y
Exhi
bi
ti
on
(I
TE
X 2018
).
Khair
ul
Najmy
Abdu
l
Ra
ni
rec
ei
v
ed
his
B.
Sc.
in
El
ec
tr
ical
(Elec
tron
ic
)
Engi
n
e
eri
ng
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Miss
ouri
-
Ka
nsas
Cit
y
(UM
KC),
US
A
in
1
996,
M.Sc.
in
Inform
at
ion
Te
chno
log
y
fro
m
the
Unive
rsiti
Ut
ara
Mal
a
y
sia
(UU
M)
i
n
2000,
and
Ph.D.
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
s
Engi
nee
ring
f
rom
the
Univer
siti
Malay
sia
P
erl
is
(UniMA
P)
in
2015,
respe
ctively
.
He
is
a
profe
ss
iona
l
technolog
ist
(Ts.
)
of
Malay
si
an
Board
of
T
e
chnol
ogists
(MBO
T)
and
a
g
rad
uate
engi
n
ee
r
of
Board
of
Eng
ine
ers
Mal
a
y
s
ia
(BEM)
of
Curre
ntly
,
h
e
is
invol
ving
in
th
e
Bioe
l
ec
t
rom
agne
tics
(BioE
M)
Resea
r
ch
Grou
p
,
UniMA
P.
His
rese
arc
h
are
as
are
rad
io
fre
quency
(R
F),
m
ic
rowave
,
m
il
li
m
et
er
wav
e,
antenna
des
ign,
fift
h
gene
ra
ti
on
(5G)
comm
unic
at
io
ns
and
be
y
ond,
m
assive
m
ult
ipl
e
input
m
ult
i
ple
output
(MIM
O)
signal
proc
es
sing,
m
ult
i
user
de
tecti
o
n
(MU
D),
and
art
if
ic
i
al
in
te
l
li
g
enc
e
(AI)
opti
m
iz
ation.
He
has
au
thore
d
and
co
-
aut
hor
e
d
about
f
ew
pe
er
rev
ie
wed
h
ig
h
impact
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Sc
ie
nti
f
ic
Ind
exi
n
g
(ISI)
and
Els
evi
er
'
s
Scopus
journa
l
pub
li
c
ations
and
conf
ere
n
ce procee
din
gs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.