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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
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[16]
[
17]
3.
S
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In
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.
[
20]
e
xpe
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h
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t
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w
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a
n
d
w
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h
o
f
P
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m
o
dul
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
14
,
N
o
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
1
9
:
1134
–
1140
1136
A
P
V
T
a
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r
s
y
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m
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d
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b
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de
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d
by
B
a
m
b
r
oo
k
[23].
I
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m
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z
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ng
t
h
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gy
o
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[24]
p
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d
a
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i
e
s
o
f
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
a
f
ul
l
s
c
a
l
e
s
o
l
a
r
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
.
A
n
u
m
e
ri
c
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
o
l
um
e
m
o
de
l
w
a
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
i
rm
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
.
A
s
t
udy
o
n
b
a
s
i
s
of
a
nn
u
a
l
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
t
h
e
rm
a
l
e
n
e
r
gy
a
n
d
e
xe
rg
y
fo
r
N
e
w
D
e
l
h
i
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
a
rr
i
e
d
o
ut
pa
s
t
f
i
v
e
y
e
a
r
s
by
us
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
gy
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
of
P
V
T
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
or.
T
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d
t
ha
t
,
by
i
n
c
l
udi
n
g
t
h
e
c
os
t
o
f
e
n
e
r
gy
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
n
uf
a
c
t
u
r
i
ng
o
f
c
o
m
po
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
he
P
V
T
m
o
dul
e
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
,
t
h
e
p
a
y
b
a
c
k
a
nd
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
r
e
s
ul
t
e
d
v
i
c
e
v
e
r
s
a
pa
t
t
e
rn
a
s
t
h
e
p
a
y
b
a
c
k
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d,
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
[25].
T
h
e
n,
t
h
e
s
i
n
gl
e
a
n
d
do
ub
l
e
-
pa
s
s
de
s
i
gn
o
f
P
V
T
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
fo
r
e
n
e
r
gy
a
n
d
e
xe
r
gy
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
h
i
c
h
ha
d
b
e
e
n
do
n
e
by
K
a
m
t
h
a
ni
a
e
t
a
l
.
[26]
.
Y
e
t
,
by
a
l
l
m
e
a
n
s
,
t
h
e
s
upe
ri
o
ri
t
y
of
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
pa
s
s
P
V
T
a
s
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
de
s
i
g
n
ha
d
b
e
e
n
r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d
a
s
w
e
l
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
ut
c
o
m
e
of
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
.
T
o
n
ui
a
n
d
T
ri
p
a
n
a
g
n
o
s
t
o
po
ul
o
s
[27]
h
a
v
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
m
o
di
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
t
i
m
e
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
t
ra
n
s
f
e
r
o
f
P
V
T
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
c
a
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
t
t
a
i
n
e
d
d
a
t
a
o
f
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
s
,
t
h
e
y
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
v
a
l
i
da
t
e
d
fo
r
bo
t
h
gl
a
z
e
d
a
n
d
u
ngl
a
z
e
d
P
V
T
m
o
de
l
a
s
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
de
s
i
gn
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
dur
e
.
T
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
of
P
V
T
w
a
s
i
n
f
l
ue
n
c
e
d
by
t
h
e
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
of
t
h
e
gl
a
s
s
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
m
o
dul
e
’s
t
e
m
pe
ra
t
u
r
e
a
nd
t
h
e
i
nl
e
t
f
l
ow
[28].
S
ub
s
t
i
t
ut
i
ng
m
o
n
o
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
c
e
l
l
s
w
i
t
h
b
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
c
e
l
l
s
ha
s
l
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
b
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
T
pa
n
e
l
s
.
T
h
e
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
a
l
um
i
n
u
m
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
o
r
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
ut
e
s
t
o
40%
i
n
c
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
b
o
t
h
e
n
e
r
gy
ge
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n
[29]
.
A
s
t
ud
y
of
fo
u
r
a
i
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
b
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
T
pa
n
e
l
s
w
e
r
e
de
s
i
gn
e
d,
r
e
s
ul
t
i
n
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
o
f
45%
t
o
63%
w
e
r
e
o
bs
e
r
v
e
d
fo
r
t
h
e
do
ub
l
e
-
pa
t
h
-
pa
ra
l
l
e
l
b
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
T
pa
n
e
l
.
I
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
ut
e
d
a
s
s
e
c
o
n
d
pr
e
f
e
rr
e
d
de
s
i
g
n
d
ue
t
o
i
t
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
up
t
o
20%
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
t
a
l
e
n
e
r
gy
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
i
ngl
e
-
pa
t
h
p
a
n
e
l
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
n
da
i
l
y
a
v
e
r
a
ge
e
xe
r
gy
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
do
ub
l
e
-
pa
t
h
-
pa
ra
l
l
e
l
pa
n
e
l
i
s
0
.
35
%
l
o
w
e
r
t
ha
n
t
ha
t
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
pa
t
h
p
a
n
e
l
[30]
.
A
s
t
udy
w
h
i
c
h
w
a
s
c
o
n
f
i
guri
n
g
s
i
n
gl
e
a
n
d
do
ub
l
e
gl
a
s
s
w
e
r
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
nd
a
na
l
y
z
e
d.
It
ha
d
b
e
e
n
ob
s
e
r
ve
d
t
h
a
t
gr
e
a
t
e
r
duc
t
de
pt
h
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
i
n
g
l
e
gl
a
s
s
m
o
r
e
t
ha
n
do
ub
l
e
gl
a
s
s
c
o
n
f
i
gu
r
a
t
i
o
n.
It
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
pr
e
f
e
rr
e
d
fo
r
t
h
e
P
V
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o
b
e
de
s
i
gn
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
ff
e
c
t
i
ve
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
o
r
de
r
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
l
ow
l
i
f
e
ra
t
e
f
o
r
a
f
fo
r
da
b
l
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
[31]
.
4.
EN
ER
G
Y
A
N
D
EX
ER
G
Y
EF
F
I
C
I
EN
C
Y
O
F
A
I
R
-
B
A
S
E
D
P
V
T
S
Y
S
TEM
S
A
n
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
pr
o
pos
e
d
d
e
s
i
gn
by
S
o
l
a
n
k
i
e
t
a
l
.
[32]
o
n
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
of
a
i
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
P
V
T
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d.
T
h
e
e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
w
a
s
c
a
rri
e
d
o
ut
un
de
r
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
i
n
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
i
r
f
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
by
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
ut
i
n
g
t
hr
e
e
m
o
n
o
c
r
y
s
t
a
l
l
i
n
e
s
i
l
i
c
o
n
g
l
a
s
s
t
o
t
e
dl
a
r
t
y
pe
P
V
m
o
dul
e
s
.
T
h
e
y
a
t
t
a
i
n
e
d
4
2%
,
8
.
4%
a
nd
50
%
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
of
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
,
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
n
e
xe
r
gy
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
f
l
a
t
pl
a
t
e
a
i
r
b
a
s
e
d
P
V
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
ha
d
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
by
S
r
i
m
a
ni
c
ka
m
e
t
a
l
.
[33].
I
t
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
a
t
t
a
i
n
e
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
h
a
d
ge
n
e
ra
t
e
d
9
.
78
%,
24
.
22%
,
44
.
84%
a
n
d
11
.
23
%
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
of
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
,
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
,
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
e
n
e
r
gy
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
e
xe
r
gy
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
V
a
ri
o
us
e
n
e
rgy
a
n
d
e
xe
r
gy
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
of
a
i
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
P
V
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
i
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
P
V
T
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
Y
e
a
r
A
u
t
h
o
r
(s
)
S
t
u
d
y
P
e
r
fo
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
E
n
e
r
g
y
E
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
(
%
)
P
V
T
E
x
e
r
g
y
E
ffi
c
i
e
n
c
y
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
PV
O
v
e
ra
l
l
(%
)
1996
S
o
p
i
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[1
9
]
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
35
7
.
5
50
NA
1997
G
a
rg
a
n
d
A
d
h
i
k
a
ri
[3
1
]
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
42
8
.
4
5
0
.
4
NA
2000
H
e
g
a
z
y
[1
6
]
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
58
8
.
1
55
NA
2000
S
o
p
i
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[3
4
]
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
60
NA
NA
NA
2003
S
a
i
t
o
h
e
t
a
l
.
[3
5
]
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
40
–
50
10
-
13
NA
NA
2005
O
t
h
m
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[3
6
]
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
NA
NA
39
–
70
NA
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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l
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y
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9
38
–
70
NA
2007
T
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d
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y
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52
9
–
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61
–
62
NA
2007
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10
40
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2007
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6
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2008
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5
–
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5
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0
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4
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2008
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T
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[4
2
]
E
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NA
NA
NA
4
2009
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3
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2009
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4
9
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1
–
6
2
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8
NA
2009
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9
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2009
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3
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4
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1
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9
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NA
2010
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T
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7
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NA
5
3
.
7
NA
2010
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8
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3
3
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4
7
.
1
3
NA
NA
2010
S
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4
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45
NA
2010
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5
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2010
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60
9
.
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72
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2011
A
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7
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.
6
2
NA
NA
NA
2012
A
m
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j
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1
]
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8
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5
3
.
6
NA
2012
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.
[5
2
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3
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7
1
2
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4
NA
NA
2013
A
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m
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s
32
NA
NA
NA
2014
Y
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g
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d
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n
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s
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2014
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22
15
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2014
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3
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4
NA
NA
2015
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7
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2015
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2015
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2015
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9
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2015
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2015
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2016
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2017
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s
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t
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R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
N
a
z
r
i
N
S
,
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u
dho
l
i
A
,
B
a
kh
t
y
a
r
B
,
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e
n
C
H
,
I
br
a
hi
m
A
,
R
us
l
a
n
M
H
,
M
a
t
S
,
S
o
pi
a
n
K
.
(
2018
)
,
E
ne
r
gy
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
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l
y
s
i
s
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bl
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2,
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-
97.
[
2]
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z
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N
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,
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l
i
A
,
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l
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H
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o
pi
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n
K
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,
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t
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o
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l
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f
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m
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s
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J
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D
S
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,
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,
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802
.
[
3]
Z
o
hr
i
M
,
N
ur
a
t
o
N
,
F
udho
l
i
A
(
2017)
,
P
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
T
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y
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m
w
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f
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C
o
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l
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:
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.
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nt
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J
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.
[
4]
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udho
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S
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v
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v
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y
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m
s
(
I
J
P
E
D
S
)
9
(
1)
,
420
-
26
.
[
5]
F
udho
l
i
A
,
S
o
pi
a
n
K
(
2018
)
,
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
s
o
l
a
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c
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l
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m
s
(
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J
P
E
D
S
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9
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,
414
-
19
.
[
6]
F
udho
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A
,
S
o
pi
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(
201
8)
,
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&
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.
[
7]
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udho
l
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A
,
H
a
w
L
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,
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K
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[
8]
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A
.
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M
.
Y
.
,
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.
,
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[
9]
A
i
s
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C
N
,
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,
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t
hm
a
n,
M
Y
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br
a
hi
m
A
,
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l
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M
H
,
S
o
pi
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(
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8)
.
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i
g
n)
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s
M
a
l
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s
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na
4
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(
4)
,
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-
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[
10]
F
udho
l
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A
,
Z
o
hr
i
M
,
J
i
n
G
L
,
I
br
a
hi
m
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,
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C
H
,
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Y
,
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o
l
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r
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ne
r
g
y
159,
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-
50
.
[
11]
R
a
z
a
l
i
N
F
M
,
F
u
dho
l
i
A
,
R
us
l
a
n
M
H
,
S
o
pi
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,
(
2
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m
pr
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ve
m
e
nt
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f
pho
t
ov
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l
t
a
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c
m
o
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f
f
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l
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d
s
f
l
o
w
.
I
ndo
ne
s
i
a
n
J
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ur
na
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l
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t
r
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c
a
l
E
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i
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e
r
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a
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C
o
m
put
e
r
S
c
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e
nc
e
13
(
1)
,
324
-
330
.
[
12]
Z
o
hr
i
M
,
B
a
k
t
i
L
D
,
F
udho
l
i
A
(
2018
)
,
E
xe
r
g
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
phot
o
vo
l
t
a
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t
h
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r
m
a
l
w
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t
h
v
-
gr
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ov
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he
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t
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c
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s
t
udy
.
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
16(
2)
,
5
50
-
57
.
[
13]
R
a
z
a
l
i
N
F
M
,
F
udho
l
i
A
,
R
us
l
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n
M
H
,
S
o
p
i
a
n
K
,
(
2
019
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.
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e
v
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l
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s
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[
14]
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39
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[
15]
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a
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.
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,
G
.
,
(
2
014
)
,
C
o
m
pa
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
o
n
a
na
l
y
s
e
s
o
n
d
y
na
m
i
c
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
s
of
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
–
t
he
r
m
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
nf
i
g
ur
a
t
i
o
ns
.
E
ne
r
gy
C
onv
e
r
s
i
on
an
d
M
an
age
m
e
nt
,
87
,
pp.
7
78
-
786
.
[
18]
K
he
l
i
f
a
,
A
.
,
T
o
ua
f
e
k,
K
.
,
M
o
us
s
a
,
H
.
B
.
,
T
a
b
e
t
,
I
.
,
&
H
a
l
o
ui
,
H
.
(
201
5)
.
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na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
h
y
br
i
d
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
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t
o
r
pho
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l
t
a
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c
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
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V
T
)
.
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ne
r
gy
P
r
oc
e
di
a
,
74
,
835
-
84
3.
[
19]
S
o
pi
a
n,
K
.
,
Y
i
g
i
t
,
K
.
S
.
,
L
i
u
,
H
.
T
.
,
K
a
k
a
c
,
S
.
,
&
V
e
z
i
r
o
g
l
u,
T
.
N
.
(
19
96)
.
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
pho
t
ov
o
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
a
i
r
h
e
a
t
e
r
s
.
E
ne
r
gy
C
onv
e
r
s
i
on
and
M
ana
ge
m
e
nt
,
37
(
11)
,
1
657
-
1670
.
[
20]
N
a
v
e
e
d,
A
.
T
.
,
K
a
ng
,
E
.
C
.
,
L
e
e
,
E
.
J
.
,
(
2006
)
,
“
E
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
U
n
g
l
a
z
e
d
T
r
a
n
s
pi
r
e
d
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
o
n
t
h
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
o
f
a
P
o
l
y
c
r
y
s
t
a
l
l
i
ne
S
i
l
i
c
o
n
P
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
M
o
dul
e
,
”
J
our
na
l
o
f
So
l
ar
E
ne
r
gy
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
v
o
l
.
12
8,
no
.
3
,
p
.
349
.
[
21]
A
r
ul
a
na
n
da
m
,
S
.
J
.
,
H
o
l
l
a
nd
s
,
K
.
G
.
T
.
,
B
r
und
r
e
t
t
,
E
.
,
(
199
9)
,
“
A
C
F
D
he
a
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
he
t
r
a
n
s
pi
r
e
d
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
und
e
r
no
-
w
i
nd
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
ns
,
”
So
l
a
r
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
67
,
no
.
1
–
3
,
pp.
9
3
–
10
0.
[
22]
S
.
L
i
a
nd
P
.
K
a
r
a
v
a
,
(
2
012
)
,
“
E
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
ur
bu
l
e
nc
e
m
o
de
l
s
f
o
r
a
i
r
f
l
o
w
a
nd
h
e
a
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
B
I
P
V
/
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
o
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n,
”
E
ne
r
g
y
P
r
oc
e
d
i
a
,
v
o
l
.
30
,
no
.
3
0,
pp
.
102
5
–
1034
.
[
23]
S
.
B
a
m
br
o
o
k,
(
20
11)
,
“
I
nv
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
a
i
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
z
e
r
o
e
ne
r
g
y
ho
us
e
i
n
S
y
dne
y
“
.
[
24]
T
.
Y
a
ng
a
n
d
A
.
K
.
A
t
hi
e
ni
t
i
s
,
(
2014
)
,
“
A
s
t
udy
of
de
s
i
g
n
o
pt
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
bui
l
d
i
ng
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
/
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
B
I
P
V
/
T
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
g
l
a
z
e
d
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
i
nl
e
t
s
,
”
S
ol
a
r
E
ne
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
104
,
pp
.
8
2
–
92
.
[
25]
S
.
A
g
r
a
w
a
l
a
nd
G
.
N
.
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
(
2
013
)
,
“
E
nv
i
r
o
e
c
o
no
m
i
c
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
e
ne
r
g
y
m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s
o
f
g
l
a
z
e
d
h
y
br
i
d
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
m
o
dul
e
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
,
”
So
l
a
r
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
92
,
pp.
1
39
–
1
46.
[
26]
K
a
m
t
ha
ni
a
,
D
.
,
N
a
y
a
k,
S
.
,
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
G
.
N
.
,
(
2011
)
,
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
nd
e
xe
r
gy
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
h
y
br
i
d
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
do
ubl
e
pa
s
s
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
,
”
A
ppl
i
e
d
S
ol
ar
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
47
,
no
.
3,
pp
.
199
–
2
06.
[
27]
T
o
nui
,
J
.
K
.
,
T
r
i
pa
n
a
g
no
s
t
o
po
ul
o
s
,
Y
.
,
(
2
008
)
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
nt
o
f
P
V
/
T
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
n
a
t
ur
a
l
a
i
r
f
l
o
w
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n,
”
So
l
a
r
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
82
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
1
–
12
.
[
28]
S
.
A
g
r
a
w
a
l
a
nd
G
.
N
.
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
(
20
15)
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
c
a
r
bo
n
c
r
e
di
t
e
a
r
ne
d
o
n
a
nnua
l
i
z
e
d
uni
f
o
r
m
c
o
s
t
o
f
g
l
a
z
e
d
hy
br
i
d
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
,
”
S
ol
ar
E
ne
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
115
,
pp
.
3
29
–
3
40
.
[
29]
R
o
bl
e
s
-
O
c
a
m
po
,
B
.
,
R
uí
z
-
V
a
s
qu
e
z
,
E
.
,
C
a
ns
e
c
o
-
S
á
nc
he
z
,
H
.
,
C
o
r
ne
j
o
-
M
e
z
a
,
R
.
C
.
,
T
r
á
p
a
g
a
-
M
a
r
t
í
ne
z
,
G
.
,
G
a
r
c
í
a
-
R
o
dr
i
g
ue
z
,
F
.
J
.
,
G
o
nz
á
l
e
z
-
H
e
r
ná
n
de
z
,
J
.
,
V
o
r
o
bi
e
v
,
Y
.
V
.
,
(
200
7)
,
“
P
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
hy
br
i
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
bi
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
m
o
dul
e
a
n
d
t
r
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nt
pl
a
ne
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
,
”
So
l
ar
E
ne
r
gy
M
at
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
nd
S
ol
ar
C
e
l
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
91
,
no
.
20
,
pp.
19
66
–
1
971
,
2007
.
[
30]
[
30]
O
o
s
ha
ks
a
r
a
e
i
,
P
.
,
S
o
pi
a
n,
K
.
,
Z
ul
k
i
f
l
i
,
R
.
,
&
Z
a
i
d
i
,
S
.
H
.
(
2
013)
.
C
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
i
r
-
ba
s
e
d
p
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
p
a
ne
l
s
w
i
t
h
b
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
s
.
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
our
na
l
o
f
P
hot
oe
ne
r
gy
,
2013
.
[
31]
H
.
P
.
G
a
r
g
a
nd
R
.
S
.
A
dhi
k
a
r
i
,
(
1997
)
,
“
C
o
nv
e
nt
i
o
na
l
hy
br
i
d
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
/
T
)
a
i
r
he
a
t
i
ng
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
:
s
t
e
a
dy
-
s
t
a
t
e
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
o
n,
”
R
e
ne
w
abl
e
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
3
63
–
385
.
[
32]
S
o
l
a
nki
,
S
.
C
.
,
D
ube
y
,
S
.
,
&
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
A
.
(
200
9)
.
I
ndoo
r
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
t
e
s
t
i
ng
o
f
pho
t
ovo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
/
T
)
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
.
A
pp
l
i
e
d
e
ne
r
gy
,
86
(
11
)
,
2
421
-
242
8.
[
33]
S
r
i
m
a
ni
c
ka
m
,
B
.
,
V
i
j
a
y
a
l
a
ks
hm
i
,
M
.
M
.
,
N
a
t
a
r
a
j
a
n,
E
.
,
(
201
5)
,
“
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
S
t
udy
of
E
xe
r
gy
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
n
F
l
a
t
P
l
a
t
e
S
o
l
a
r
P
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
T
he
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
/
T
)
H
y
br
i
d
S
y
s
t
e
m
,
”
A
pp
l
i
e
d
M
e
c
han
i
c
s
a
nd
M
at
e
r
i
al
s
,
v
o
l
.
787
,
pp
.
8
2
–
87
.
[
34]
S
o
pi
a
n,
K
.
,
L
i
u,
H
.
.
,
K
a
ka
c
,
S
.
,
V
e
z
i
r
o
g
l
u,
T
.
,
(
20
00)
,
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
of
a
d
o
ubl
e
pa
s
s
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
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l
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c
t
o
r
s
u
i
t
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bl
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o
r
s
o
l
a
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y
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ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
E
ne
r
gy
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
a
nd
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt
.
[
35]
S
a
i
t
o
h,
H
.
,
H
a
m
a
d
a
,
Y
.
,
K
u
bo
t
a
,
H
.
,
N
a
ka
m
u
r
a
,
M
.
,
O
c
hi
f
u
j
i
,
K
.
,
Y
o
koy
a
m
a
,
S
.
,
N
a
g
a
no
,
K
.
,
(
2
003
)
,
F
i
e
l
d
e
xp
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
s
a
nd
a
na
l
y
s
e
s
o
n
a
hy
br
i
d
s
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t
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.
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ppl
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e
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he
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m
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
2
003
[
36]
O
t
hm
a
n
,
M
.
Y
.
H
.
,
Y
a
t
i
m
,
B
.
,
S
o
pi
a
n,
K
.
,
&
B
a
ka
r
,
M
.
N
.
A
.
(
200
5)
.
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e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
do
ubl
e
-
pa
s
s
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
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V
/
T
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s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
w
i
t
h
C
P
C
a
nd
f
i
n
s
.
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e
n
e
w
abl
e
e
ne
r
gy
,
30
(
13
)
.
[
37]
O
t
hm
a
n
,
M
.
Y
.
H
.
,
S
o
pi
a
n
,
K
.
,
Y
a
t
i
m
,
B
.
,
&
D
a
u
d,
W
.
R
.
W
.
(
2006
)
.
D
e
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
a
dv
a
nc
e
d
s
o
l
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r
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s
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e
d
dr
y
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ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
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e
ne
w
abl
e
E
ne
r
gy
,
31
(
5)
,
703
-
709
.
[
38]
J
.
K
.
T
o
nui
a
nd
Y
.
T
r
i
p
a
na
g
no
s
t
o
po
ul
o
s
,
(
2
007
)
,
“
A
i
r
-
c
o
o
l
e
d
P
V
/
T
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
l
o
w
c
o
s
t
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
nt
s
,
”
S
ol
a
r
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
81
,
no
.
4,
pp
.
498
–
511
.
[
39]
A
.
T
i
w
a
r
i
a
nd
M
.
S
.
S
o
dha
,
(
2007
)
,
“
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
t
udy
of
v
a
r
i
o
us
c
o
nf
i
g
ur
a
t
i
o
ns
o
f
h
y
br
i
d
P
V
/
t
he
r
m
a
l
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
:
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xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
v
a
l
i
da
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
de
l
,
”
S
ol
a
r
E
ne
r
gy
M
at
e
r
i
al
s
an
d
Sol
ar
C
e
l
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
1,
no
.
1
,
p
p.
17
–
28
.
[
40]
A
l
f
e
g
i
,
E
.
M
.
A
.
,
S
o
pi
a
n,
K
.
,
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t
hm
a
n
,
M
.
Y
.
H
.
,
&
Y
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t
i
m
,
B
.
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.
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006)
.
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r
a
n
s
i
e
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m
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t
he
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t
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c
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l
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h
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d
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s
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c
t
o
r
.
mh
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1
000
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005
4)
,
0
-
1.
[
41]
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l
f
e
g
i
,
M
.
E
.
A
.
,
S
o
pi
a
n,
K
.
,
O
t
hm
a
n,
M
.
Y
.
H
.
,
&
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a
t
i
m
,
B
.
B
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008)
.
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xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
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l
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nv
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s
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t
pho
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l
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a
i
c
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he
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l
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V
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l
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o
r
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h
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P
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nd
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n
s
.
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m
e
r
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c
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our
nal
of
a
pp
l
i
e
d
s
c
i
e
nc
e
s
,
5
(
7
)
,
8
66
-
871
.
[
42]
S
.
N
a
y
a
k
a
nd
G
.
N
.
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
(
20
08)
,
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
nd
e
xe
r
gy
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
t
he
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m
a
l
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
s
o
l
a
r
g
r
e
e
nho
us
e
,
”
E
ne
r
g
y
a
nd
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
gs
,
v
o
l
.
40
,
no
.
11
,
pp
.
201
5
–
20
21.
[
43]
J
o
s
hi
,
A
.
S
.
,
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
A
.
,
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
G
.
N
.
,
D
i
nc
e
r
,
I
.
,
&
R
e
ddy
,
B
.
V
.
(
2009
)
.
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
hy
br
i
d
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
/
T
)
(
g
l
a
s
s
-
to
-
g
l
a
s
s
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
nal
J
our
na
l
of
T
he
r
m
a
l
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
,
48
(
1
)
,
15
4
-
16
4.
[
44]
E
.
M
.
A
.
A
l
f
e
g
i
e
t
a
l
,
(
20
09)
,
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
f
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
s
o
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t
h
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p
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r
f
o
r
m
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nc
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o
f
f
i
nne
d
s
i
ng
l
e
p
a
s
s
,
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ub
l
e
duc
t
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
a
i
r
h
e
a
t
e
r
s
.
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ur
ope
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j
our
na
l
o
f
s
c
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h.
,
v
o
l
.
2
5,
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.
2.
E
u
r
o
J
o
ur
na
l
s
,
2009
.
[
45]
D
ube
y
,
S
.
,
S
a
nd
hu
,
G
.
S
.
,
&
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
G
.
N
.
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09)
.
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na
l
y
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c
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l
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f
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c
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r
.
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p
pl
i
e
d
E
ne
r
g
y
,
86
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5
)
,
6
97
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705
.
[
46]
I
br
a
hi
m
,
A
.
,
O
t
hm
a
n
,
M
.
Y
.
,
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us
l
a
n
,
M
.
H
.
,
A
l
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ho
ul
,
M
.
,
Y
a
hy
a
,
M
.
,
Z
a
ha
r
i
m
,
A
.
,
&
S
o
pi
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n
,
K
.
(
200
9)
.
P
e
r
f
o
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m
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nc
e
o
f
ph
o
t
ovo
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t
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i
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t
he
r
m
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l
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o
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l
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r
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V
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o
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l
opm
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t
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,
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-
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do
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[
47]
A
g
r
a
w
a
l
,
B
.
,
&
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
G
.
N
.
(
2010
)
.
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p
t
i
m
i
z
i
ng
t
he
e
n
e
r
g
y
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nd
e
x
e
r
gy
of
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l
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ng
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
p
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
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m
a
l
(
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I
P
V
T
)
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y
s
t
e
m
s
u
nde
r
c
o
l
d
c
l
i
m
a
t
i
c
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
ns
.
A
pp
l
i
e
d
E
ne
r
gy
,
87
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2
)
,
41
7
-
426.
[
48]
A
g
r
a
w
a
l
,
B
.
,
&
T
i
w
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r
i
,
G
.
N
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010
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o
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s
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m
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nt
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f
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l
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ng
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n
t
e
g
r
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t
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d
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l
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m
s
.
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g
y
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u
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l
d
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s
,
42
(
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)
,
1
472
-
148
1.
[
49]
S
ha
hs
a
v
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r
,
A
.
,
&
A
m
e
r
i
,
M
.
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20
10)
.
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xp
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r
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m
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n
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l
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nv
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n
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nd
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t
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o
l
l
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r
.
S
ol
a
r
E
ne
r
gy
,
84
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11)
,
19
38
-
1958
.
[
50]
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g
r
a
w
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l
,
S
.
,
&
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w
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r
i
,
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20
11
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xe
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h
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.
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l
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r
E
ne
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gy
,
85
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2
)
,
3
56
-
370
.
[
51]
A
m
o
r
i
,
K
.
E
.
,
&
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l
-
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j
j
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r
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H
.
M
.
T
.
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2)
.
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na
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o
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ppl
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d
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ne
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98
,
3
84
-
395
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[
52]
A
g
r
a
w
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l
,
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,
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.
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y
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e
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ne
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y
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l
d
i
n
gs
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53
,
145
-
151
.
[
53]
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g
r
a
w
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l
,
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.
,
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i
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r
i
,
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r
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e
nt
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6
28
-
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.
[
54]
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i
m
,
J
.
H
.
,
P
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r
k,
S
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H
.
,
&
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m
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14)
.
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xpe
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ne
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y
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di
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,
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,
8
88
-
894
.
[
55]
A
m
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i
,
K
.
E
.
,
&
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-
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l
R
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he
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m
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M
.
A
.
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4)
.
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l
d
s
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udy
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f
v
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a
i
r
b
a
s
e
d
p
ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
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c
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t
he
r
m
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l
hy
br
i
d
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o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
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o
r
s
.
R
e
ne
w
abl
e
E
ne
r
gy
,
63
,
402
-
414
.
[
56]
L
i
,
Y
.
,
Z
ha
ng
,
G
.
,
L
v
,
G
.
Z
.
,
Z
ha
ng
,
A
.
N
.
,
&
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a
ng
,
R
.
Z
.
(
201
5
)
.
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
s
t
udy
o
f
a
s
o
l
a
r
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
a
i
r
c
o
ndi
t
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o
ne
r
i
n
t
h
e
ho
t
s
u
m
m
e
r
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n
d
c
o
l
d
w
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n
t
e
r
z
o
ne
.
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
117,
1
67
-
179
.
[
57]
G
oo
d,
C
.
,
A
ndr
e
s
e
n
,
I
.
,
&
H
e
s
t
ne
s
,
A
.
G
.
(
201
5)
.
S
o
l
a
r
e
ne
r
gy
f
o
r
ne
t
z
e
r
o
e
ne
r
g
y
bui
l
d
i
ng
s
–
A
c
om
pa
r
i
s
o
n
be
t
w
e
e
n
s
o
l
a
r
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
,
P
V
a
nd
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
–
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
/
T
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
So
l
ar
E
ne
r
g
y
,
1
22
,
9
86
-
996
.
[
58]
A
hn,
J
.
G
.
,
K
i
m
,
J
.
H
.
,
&
K
i
m
,
J
.
T
.
(
201
5)
.
A
s
t
udy
o
n
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
pe
r
f
o
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m
a
nc
e
o
f
a
i
r
-
t
y
pe
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V
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T
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o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
w
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t
h
H
R
V
.
E
ne
r
g
y
P
r
o
c
e
di
a
,
78
,
3
007
-
301
2.
[
59]
J
a
h
r
o
m
i
,
S
.
N
.
,
V
a
d
i
e
e
,
A
.
,
&
Y
a
g
ho
ubi
,
M
.
(
201
5)
.
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xe
r
gy
a
nd
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
e
v
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l
ua
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
l
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
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V
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T
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
f
o
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d
i
f
f
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n
t
c
l
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t
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s
i
n
I
r
a
n
.
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ne
r
gy
P
r
oc
e
di
a
,
75
,
4
44
-
456.
[
60]
K
a
m
e
l
,
R
.
S
.
,
&
F
ung
,
A
.
S
.
(
201
5)
.
M
o
de
l
l
i
ng
a
nd
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ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
T
r
a
ns
p
a
r
e
n
t
B
u
i
l
di
ng
I
nt
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
P
V
/
T
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
.
E
ne
r
gy
P
r
oc
e
di
a
,
78
,
187
1
-
1876
.
[
61]
R
a
j
o
r
i
a
,
C
.
S
.
,
A
g
r
a
w
a
l
,
S
.
,
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
G
.
N
.
,
&
C
ha
ur
s
i
a
,
G
.
S
.
(
20
15)
.
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xe
r
g
e
t
i
c
a
nd
e
nv
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e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
s
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m
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t
r
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pa
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t
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s
e
d
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um
a
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l
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nf
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g
ur
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t
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nd
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pa
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t
i
v
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s
t
udy
.
So
l
ar
E
ne
r
gy
,
122
,
1138
-
114
5.
[
62]
M
.
G
ho
l
a
m
po
ur
a
nd
M
.
A
m
e
r
i
,
(
2
016
)
,
“
E
ne
r
gy
a
nd
e
x
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
o
f
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ho
t
ovo
l
t
a
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c
/
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he
r
m
a
l
f
l
a
t
t
r
a
ns
p
i
r
e
d
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
:
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
nd
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
s
t
u
dy
,
”
A
pp
l
i
e
d
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
16
4,
pp
.
837
–
856
,
.
[
63]
R
o
uni
s
,
E
.
D
.
,
A
t
hi
e
n
i
t
i
s
,
A
.
K
.
,
&
S
t
a
t
ho
po
ul
o
s
,
T
.
(
20
16)
.
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u
l
t
i
p
l
e
-
i
n
l
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t
B
u
i
l
di
ng
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nt
e
g
r
a
t
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d
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ho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
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h
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m
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l
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
de
l
l
i
ng
unde
r
v
a
r
y
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ng
w
i
nd
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nd
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
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o
ndi
t
i
o
ns
.
So
l
ar
E
ne
r
g
y
,
13
9
,
157
-
170
.
[
64]
M
o
j
um
de
r
,
J
.
C
.
,
C
ho
ng
,
W
.
T
.
,
O
ng
,
H
.
C
.
,
&
L
e
o
ng
,
K
.
Y
.
(
201
6)
.
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n
e
xpe
r
i
m
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nt
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l
i
nv
e
s
t
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g
a
t
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o
n
o
n
pe
r
f
o
r
m
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nc
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na
l
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s
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s
o
f
a
i
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t
y
pe
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
c
o
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l
e
c
t
o
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s
y
s
t
e
m
i
nt
e
g
r
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t
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d
w
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t
h
c
o
o
l
i
ng
f
i
ns
d
e
s
i
g
n.
E
ne
r
gy
and
B
ui
l
di
ngs
,
130
,
272
-
28
5.
[
65]
H
a
z
a
m
i
,
M
.
,
R
i
a
h
i
,
A
.
,
M
e
hd
a
o
ui
,
F
.
,
N
o
ui
c
e
r
,
O
.
,
&
F
a
r
ha
t
,
A
.
(
2016
)
.
E
n
e
r
g
e
t
i
c
a
nd
e
xe
r
g
e
t
i
c
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
s
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
P
V
/
T
(
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
t
he
r
m
a
l
)
s
o
l
a
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
e
s
t
e
d
a
nd
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
un
de
r
t
o
T
uni
s
i
a
n
(
N
o
r
t
h
A
f
r
i
c
a
)
c
l
i
m
a
t
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c
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
ns
.
E
ne
r
g
y
,
10
7
,
78
-
94
.
[
66]
S
.
T
i
w
a
r
i
a
nd
G
.
N
.
T
i
w
a
r
i
,
(
20
16)
,
“
E
xe
r
g
o
e
c
o
no
m
i
c
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
-
t
he
r
m
a
l
(
P
V
T
)
m
i
xe
d
m
o
de
g
r
e
e
nho
us
e
s
o
l
a
r
dr
y
e
r
,
”
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l
.
114
,
pp
.
1
55
–
1
64
.
[
67]
S
l
i
m
a
ni
,
M
.
E
.
A
.
,
A
m
i
r
a
t
,
M
.
,
B
a
h
r
i
a
,
S
.
,
K
u
r
uc
z
,
I
.
,
&
S
e
l
l
a
m
i
,
R
.
(
2016
)
.
S
t
udy
a
nd
m
o
de
l
i
ng
of
e
ne
r
g
y
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
o
f
a
hy
br
i
d
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
:
C
o
nf
i
g
ur
a
t
i
o
n
s
ui
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
a
n
i
n
di
r
e
c
t
s
o
l
a
r
dr
y
e
r
.
E
ne
r
gy
c
on
v
e
r
s
i
on
and
m
an
ag
e
m
e
nt
,
125
,
209
-
22
1.
[
68]
S
a
l
e
m
,
M
.
R
.
,
A
l
i
,
R
.
K
.
,
&
E
l
s
ha
z
l
y
,
K
.
M
.
(
2017
)
.
E
xp
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
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l
i
nv
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
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o
n
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f
t
he
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
o
f
a
h
y
br
i
d
pho
t
o
vo
l
t
a
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c
/
t
he
r
m
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
ng
a
l
um
i
n
i
um
c
o
o
l
i
ng
pl
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
s
t
r
a
i
g
ht
a
nd
he
l
i
c
a
l
c
ha
nne
l
s
.
So
l
ar
E
ne
r
gy
,
15
7
,
14
7
-
156
.
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