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in
[
1
]
co
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s
id
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ag
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m
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r
ate
f
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[
2
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I
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[
3
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[
4
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B
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p
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am
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ter
s
w
as a
l
s
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p
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o
p
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
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an
d
NO
M
A
ca
n
in
cr
ed
ib
l
y
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
i
n
c
lo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
eq
u
a
tio
n
w
a
s
also
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
[
8
]
,
an
d
t
h
e
y
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
(
DF)
r
e
la
y
s
elec
tio
n
in
th
e
t
w
o
-
s
ta
g
e
s
ch
e
m
e
.
A
l
s
o
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
ela
y
s
elec
tio
n
a
s
s
o
ci
ated
w
it
h
NO
M
A
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
s
in
[
9
]
h
a
v
e
ac
h
iev
ed
g
o
o
d
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
a
s
y
m
p
to
tic
a
n
d
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
v
er
a
g
e
s
u
m
r
ate
i
n
A
F
m
o
d
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
n
o
th
er
r
el
a
y
s
e
lectio
n
m
et
h
o
d
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
in
[
1
0
]
,
w
h
ic
h
r
elies
o
n
p
ar
tial
c
h
an
n
e
l
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
C
SI)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
its
as
y
m
p
to
tic
f
o
r
m
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
a
y
,
it is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
tial r
ela
y
s
el
ec
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
a
s
a
m
o
d
er
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ata
o
f
f
lo
ad
in
g
f
o
r
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
d
ev
ice
-
to
-
d
ev
ice
(
D2
D)
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
D2
D
d
ev
ices
d
ep
lo
y
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
w
it
h
ce
llu
lar
d
ev
ices
(
C
Us)
u
n
d
er
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
b
ase
s
ta
tio
n
(
B
S)
i
n
th
e
c
ellu
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
h
en
ce
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
el
y
s
u
s
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
ec
tr
a
l
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Du
e
to
li
m
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
l
if
et
i
m
e
b
u
d
g
et
o
f
d
ev
ices,
it
ca
n
b
e
a
f
f
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
D2
D
u
n
d
er
la
y
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fo
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
to
p
r
o
n
g
th
e
l
if
et
i
m
e
o
f
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
D2
D
u
n
d
er
la
y
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
v
ia
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
as
i
n
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Oth
er
tr
en
d
s
in
r
ela
y
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
r
ec
en
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
[
1
5
]
,
[
17
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
W
h
ile
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
-
b
ase
d
r
ela
y
in
g
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Mo
tiv
ated
b
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
D2
D
an
d
NOM
A
[
1
5
]
,
in
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
D2
D
NO
MA
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
m
o
d
e,
w
h
er
e
d
ev
i
ce
tr
an
s
f
er
s
i
g
n
al
to
o
th
er
d
e
v
ice
v
ia
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
w
i
th
r
el
a
y
s
elec
t
io
n
a
n
d
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
R
a
y
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
s
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
Fo
r
th
e
m
ai
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
is
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
, t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
1.
W
e
an
al
y
ze
an
d
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
wh
ich
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
w
it
h
N
OM
A
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
BS
s
elec
tio
n
to
en
h
an
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
2.
E
x
ac
t
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
.
Als
o
,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
th
eo
r
etica
l b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
ac
tu
a
l N
OM
A
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
.
3.
T
h
ese
d
er
iv
ed
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
ch
ec
k
ed
v
ia
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
th
e
ex
ac
tn
es
s
o
f
an
a
l
y
s
is
i
n
NOM
A
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
b
asic
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
N
OM
A
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e.
1
,
w
h
i
ch
i
n
clu
d
e
s
o
n
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
(
0
D
)
,
t
w
o
f
ar
d
ev
ices
(
1
D
an
d
2
D
)
an
d
K
AF
r
ela
y
s
n
o
d
e
th
at
ac
ts
a
s
a
b
ase
s
t
atio
n
(
B
S)
(
12
R
,
,
.
.
.
,
K
RR
w
it
h
1
K
)
,
in
w
h
ich
0
D
w
o
u
l
d
lik
e
to
s
e
n
d
it
s
d
ata
to
1
D
an
d
2
D
w
it
h
t
h
e
a
s
s
i
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
a
r
elay
th
a
t
it
b
elo
n
g
s
to
th
e
s
et
o
f
K
A
F
r
ela
y
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
im
m
ed
iate
w
a
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
0
D
w
it
h
t
w
o
d
ev
ice
s
1
D
an
d
2
D
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
y
ar
e
co
v
er
ed
o
r
in
a
v
er
y
d
i
s
ta
n
t
p
o
s
itio
n
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
all
th
e
d
ev
ices
t
h
at
ar
e
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
i
th
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
a
n
ten
n
a,
t
h
i
s
m
e
an
s
t
h
at
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
in
h
a
lf
-
d
u
p
lex
(
HD)
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
N
OM
A
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
t
w
o
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
le
n
g
t
h
ti
m
e
s
lo
ts
.
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
en
tio
n
ed
,
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
r
ela
y
ca
n
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
ia.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
,
w
e
d
e
n
o
te
t
h
e
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
co
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
a
n
d
th
e
ad
d
iti
v
e
w
h
ite
Ga
u
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
b
et
w
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n
0
D
an
d
k
R
ar
e
00
(
0
,
)
kk
D
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k
R
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N
N
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esp
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o
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m
NO
M
A
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
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Fu
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[
1
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R
R
D
R
D
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
(
B
S
n
o
d
e)
in
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
ic
h
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
af
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
at
all
v
al
u
es
o
f
SN
R
r
eg
i
m
e.
W
ith
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
is
s
elec
ted
a
n
d
at
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
SNR
at
s
o
u
r
ce
d
e
v
ice,
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
1
D
a
n
d
2
D
is
t
h
e
s
a
m
e.
A
n
o
t
h
er
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
is
th
at
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
w
o
f
a
r
d
ev
ice
is
d
if
f
er
v
al
u
e
at
h
i
g
h
SNR
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
lo
ts
t
h
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
v
er
al
D2
D
s
y
s
te
m
as
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
t
w
o
s
i
g
n
al
f
o
r
t
w
o
d
ev
ice
s
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
B
S
n
o
d
e.
On
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
B
S
n
o
d
e
i
n
D2
D
NOM
A
w
ill
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
o
u
tag
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
o
f
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
s
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
SN
R
in
c
r
ea
s
es,
th
e
o
u
tag
e
w
il
l
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
l
y
.
I
t
is
w
o
r
th
n
o
ti
n
g
t
h
at
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
t
h
e
s
etti
n
g
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
B
S i
n
D2
D
NOM
A
i
s
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
tag
e
e
v
e
n
t o
f
o
v
er
all
D2
D
NOM
A
,
1
0
.
8
,
0
1
2
1
,
1
0
,
1
k
k
k
D
R
R
D
R
D
.
5.
C
O
N
C
L
U
SIO
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
o
n
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
w
h
o
s
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
s
tu
d
ied
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
B
S
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
as
a
b
est
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
d
ed
icate
d
d
ev
ices
w
as
also
in
v
est
ig
ated
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
is
ev
alu
a
te
d
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
clo
s
e
d
-
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
ta
g
e.
Ou
r
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
v
er
i
f
ied
b
y
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
e
x
ac
t
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lts
,
it
is
ea
s
y
to
r
ea
lize
t
h
at
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
an
d
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
r
ate
h
a
v
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
O
u
r
s
u
g
g
ested
s
ch
e
m
e
ca
n
d
r
am
at
icall
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
i
a
a
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
D2
D
-
NOM
A
s
ch
e
m
e.
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