I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Scien
ce
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
May
201
8
,
p
p
.
4
0
9
~4
1
5
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ee
cs
.
v
1
0
.
i2
.
p
p
409
-
4
1
5
409
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
ijeec
s
Q
-
Sw
itched
Erbi
u
m
Doped
Fiber
La
ser
Inco
rpo
ra
ting An
ti
m
o
ny
(III
)
Tell
u
ride in
Poly
v
iny
l Alcoho
l as
Sa
turable Abso
rb
er
E
zz
a
t
ul I
rr
a
da
h Is
m
a
il
1
, S
M
uh
a
mm
a
d As
hra
f
Z
o
l
k
o
pl
i
2
,
M
uh
a
mm
a
d
Q
uis
a
r
L
o
k
m
a
n
3
,
H
a
f
iza
l Y
a
ha
y
a
4
,
Su
la
i
m
a
n
Wa
di H
a
run
5
,
F
a
uza
n Ah
m
a
d
*
6
1
,
2,
3,
4
,
6
M
a
lay
sia
J
a
p
a
n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stit
u
te o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(M
JIIT),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
5
4
1
0
0
Ku
a
la L
u
m
p
u
r,
M
a
lay
sia
5
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
,
5
0
6
0
3
Ku
a
la L
u
m
p
u
r,
M
a
lay
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
N
ov
9
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
11
,
2
0
1
8
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
w
e
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ted
a
Q
-
sw
it
c
h
e
d
e
rb
iu
m
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
las
e
r
(EDF
L
)
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
A
n
ti
m
o
n
y
(III)
Tellu
rid
e
(S
b
2
Te
3
)
in
p
o
ly
v
in
y
l
a
lch
o
h
o
l
(
P
V
A
)
a
s
p
a
ss
i
v
e
s
a
tu
ra
b
le
a
b
so
rb
e
r.
T
h
e
sa
tu
ra
b
le
a
b
so
rb
e
r
w
a
s
f
a
b
rica
ted
b
y
d
isso
lv
in
g
A
n
ti
m
o
n
y
(III)
T
e
ll
u
rid
e
p
o
w
d
e
r
in
to
P
VA
so
lu
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
ry
in
th
e
a
m
b
ien
t
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
f
o
r
4
8
h
o
u
rs
.
T
h
e
n
,
1
m
m
2
x
1
m
m
2
Sb
2
Te
3
-
P
V
A
f
il
m
b
a
s
e
d
sa
tu
ra
b
le
a
b
so
rb
e
r
we
re
sa
n
d
w
ich
e
d
i
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
F
C/
P
C
f
e
rru
le
f
o
r
Q
-
sw
it
c
h
e
d
las
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
sta
b
le
a
n
d
se
lf
-
sta
rted
Q
-
sw
it
c
h
e
d
las
e
r
o
p
e
ra
tes
a
t
c
e
n
ter
w
a
v
e
len
g
th
1
5
6
0
n
m
w
it
h
3
d
B
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
0
.
2
3
n
m
.
T
h
e
las
e
r
o
p
e
ra
tes
a
t
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
2
9
.
3
m
W
u
n
ti
l
8
4
.
9
m
W
w
it
h
re
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
ra
te o
f
2
0
.
9
9
k
Hz
to
8
9
.
2
9
k
Hz
a
n
d
p
u
lse
w
id
th
o
f
1
3
.
9
5
µs
to
5
.
1
0
µs
.
A
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r,
th
e
las
e
r
a
b
le
to
a
c
h
iev
e
p
u
lse
e
n
e
rg
y
o
f
6
2
.
7
2
n
J a
n
d
h
ig
h
sig
n
a
l
t
o
n
o
ise
ra
ti
o
o
f
7
1
.
4
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
Q
-
S
w
i
tch
ed
Satu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Fau
za
n
A
h
m
ad
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
J
ap
an
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
MJ
I
I
T
)
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ala
y
s
ia
,
5
4
1
0
0
Ku
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
f
au
za
n
.
k
l@
u
t
m
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
Q
-
s
w
i
tch
ed
f
ib
er
la
s
e
r
g
i
v
e
a
h
u
g
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
u
m
i
n
w
id
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
in
r
e
m
o
te
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
,
r
an
g
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
,
laser
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
o
p
tical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
Q
-
s
w
itc
h
ed
la
s
er
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
in
to
t
w
o
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ac
ti
v
e
o
r
p
ass
i
v
e
te
ch
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
ac
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e,
a
n
o
p
tical
m
o
d
u
lat
o
r
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
m
o
d
u
late
th
e
lo
s
s
in
th
e
ca
v
it
y
.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
e
n
ab
les
a
h
i
g
h
s
tab
ilit
y
p
u
l
s
e,
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
an
d
n
ar
r
o
w
p
u
l
s
e
d
u
r
atio
n
[
2
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
in
t
h
e
p
as
s
iv
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
au
to
m
a
ticall
y
m
o
d
u
late
s
d
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
Ma
n
y
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
s
ar
e
in
te
n
s
i
v
el
y
in
v
es
tig
a
te
d,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
(
SESA
M)
,
ca
r
b
o
n
n
a
n
o
tu
b
es
(
C
NT
)
an
d
2
D
m
ater
ials
[
3
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
S
E
SAM’
s
ar
e
r
ath
er
co
s
t
l
y
,
co
m
p
lex
in
f
ab
r
icatio
n
,
o
p
er
ates
in
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
lo
n
g
r
ec
o
v
er
y
ti
m
e.
B
esid
es
th
a
t,
C
NT
’
s
ar
e
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
ea
s
y
to
f
ab
r
icate
,
b
u
t
o
p
er
ates
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
t
h
u
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
b
an
d
g
ap
tu
n
in
g
b
y
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
t
h
e
ch
ir
alit
y
a
n
d
d
ia
m
e
ter
[
3
]
.
Q
-
s
w
itc
h
in
g
t
y
p
icall
y
is
a
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
g
e
n
er
ate
a
s
h
o
r
t
p
u
l
s
e
b
y
s
u
d
d
en
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
ca
v
it
y
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
o
r
ca
v
it
y
lo
s
s
.
B
y
m
ea
n
s
,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
h
ap
p
en
s
wh
en
t
h
e
g
ai
n
ac
h
iev
e
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
s
atu
r
ate
s
,
th
e
n
s
u
d
d
en
l
y
s
w
itc
h
e
s
f
r
o
m
h
i
g
h
s
tate
s
to
lo
w
s
t
ates
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
an
d
in
te
n
s
e
p
u
l
s
e.
T
h
is
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
r
ea
lized
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
a
tu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
a
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
h
av
e
a
ce
r
tain
o
p
tical
b
an
d
g
ap
to
allo
w
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
n
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
o
r
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
atio
n
.
2
D
m
ater
ials
ar
e
ex
ce
lle
n
t
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
a
s
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
2
D
m
ater
ial
f
a
m
il
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
0
9
–
415
410
s
ev
er
al
m
ater
ials
g
r
o
u
p
,
w
h
ic
h
is
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e,
tr
an
s
i
tio
n
m
etal
d
ich
alco
g
e
n
id
es
(
T
MD
)
,
b
lac
k
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
(
B
P
)
an
d
to
p
o
lo
g
ical
in
s
u
la
to
r
(
T
I
)
w
h
ic
h
o
f
f
er
s
d
is
tin
ct,
u
n
i
q
u
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
u
s
o
p
en
in
g
u
p
a
n
e
w
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
f
o
r
f
ib
er
laser
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
]
.
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
(
Sb
2
Te
3
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
2
D
m
a
ter
ial
w
h
ic
h
lie
s
in
t
h
e
T
I
’
s
g
r
o
u
p
.
Un
li
k
e
t
w
o
o
f
i
ts
o
t
h
er
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
w
h
ich
is
B
is
m
u
th
(
I
I
I
)
Selen
id
e
an
d
B
is
m
u
th
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
,
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
as
m
a
n
y
atten
tio
n
as
it
d
eser
v
e
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
in
Q
-
s
w
i
tch
ed
r
eg
i
m
e.
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
h
av
e
a
n
ar
r
o
w
ed
o
p
tical
b
an
d
g
ap
,
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tel
y
0
.
2
eV
[
4
]
w
h
ich
is
s
s
u
itab
le
a
s
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
e
v
er
al
r
ep
o
r
ted
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
A
n
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ell
u
r
id
e
as
a
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
B
o
g
u
s
la
w
s
k
i
et
al
.
w
as
ab
le
to
g
e
n
er
ate
a
p
u
l
s
e
la
s
er
u
s
i
n
g
a
liq
u
id
p
h
a
s
e
ex
f
o
lia
ted
m
et
h
o
d
b
y
d
i
s
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
b
u
lk
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
cr
y
s
ta
l
in
to
c
h
i
to
s
a
n
s
o
l
u
tio
n
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
ch
i
t
o
s
an
s
o
l
u
tio
n
w
er
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
o
n
th
e
s
id
e
p
o
lis
h
ed
f
ib
er
f
o
r
p
u
ls
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
it
h
as
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
ca
u
s
es
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
to
b
e
h
ig
h
l
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
T
h
i
s
ca
n
lar
g
el
y
e
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
p
u
ls
ed
i
f
n
o
t
co
n
tr
o
lled
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
So
to
r
et
al
.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
e
x
f
o
lia
t
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
r
o
m
b
u
lk
An
t
i
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
an
d
w
as
ab
le
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
55
d
B
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
[
5
-
6
]
in
m
o
d
e
lo
ck
in
g
r
e
g
i
m
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
ted
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
th
ick
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
f
o
lia
ted
la
y
er
is
r
at
h
er
h
ar
d
to
b
e
co
n
t
r
o
lled
.
B
esid
es,
it a
ls
o
ca
u
s
es a
g
r
ea
t n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
ater
ial
lo
s
s
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
is
p
ap
er
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
b
y
d
is
p
er
s
i
n
g
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
p
o
w
d
er
in
to
a
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
(
P
VA
)
as
h
o
s
t
p
o
ly
m
er
to
d
ev
elo
p
ed
A
n
t
i
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
(
Sb
2
Te
3
-
P
VA
)
b
ased
p
ass
iv
e
s
a
tu
r
ab
l
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
Usi
n
g
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
,
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
S
A
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
ea
s
ier
to
f
ab
r
icate
,
w
i
th
h
ig
h
r
ep
ea
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
e
llu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
in
y
l
a
lco
h
o
l
b
as
ed
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
is
s
an
d
w
ic
h
ed
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
f
ib
er
-
o
p
tic
co
n
n
ec
to
r/
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
tact
(
FC
/P
C
)
f
o
r
a
s
tab
le
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
atio
n
in
Q
-
s
w
itc
h
ed
r
eg
i
m
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sa
t
ura
ble A
bs
o
rber
P
re
pa
ra
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
o
ly
v
in
y
l
alco
h
o
l
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
w
ater
s
o
lu
b
le
s
y
n
t
h
etic
p
o
l
y
m
er
w
as
d
i
s
s
o
l
v
ed
in
De
-
I
o
n
ized
(
DI
)
w
ater
w
i
th
t
h
e
aid
o
f
a
m
a
g
n
et
ic
s
tirr
er
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
to
o
b
tain
a
p
o
l
y
v
in
y
l
alco
h
o
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
b
ased
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
w
er
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
b
y
d
is
s
o
l
v
in
g
1
0
m
g
of
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
p
o
w
d
er
(
Sig
m
a
-
A
ld
r
ich
,
-
3
2
5
m
es
h
,
9
9
.
9
6
%
tr
ac
e
m
etal
b
asi
s
)
in
to
5
m
l
o
f
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
y
u
ltra
-
s
o
n
icat
io
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
9
0
m
i
n
u
tes
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
ce
n
tr
i
f
u
g
atio
n
f
o
r
1
0
m
i
n
u
te
s
at
2
0
0
0
r
p
m
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
tab
le
A
n
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
in
y
l
alco
h
o
l
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
w
er
e
d
ec
an
ted
i
n
to
a
1
4
.
4
cm
3
p
etr
i
d
is
h
an
d
k
ep
t
in
a
d
r
y
ca
b
in
et
at
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
f
o
r
4
8
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
a
n
d
th
e
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
ed
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
f
il
m
b
ased
p
ass
iv
e
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
w
a
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
3
D
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
laser
m
icr
o
s
co
p
es
(
Ol
y
m
p
u
s
,
L
E
XT
OL
S4
1
0
0
)
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
A
n
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
fi
l
m
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
p
o
w
d
er
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
34
m
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
Mic
r
o
s
co
p
e
I
m
a
g
e
o
f
Sb
2
Te
3
-
P
VA
Fil
m
(
b
)
T
h
ick
n
e
s
s
Me
a
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
Sb
2
Te
3
-
P
V
A
Fil
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Q
-
S
w
itch
ed
E
r
b
iu
m
Do
p
ed
F
ib
er La
s
er I
n
co
r
p
o
r
a
tin
g
A
n
t
i
mo
n
y…
(
E
z
z
a
tu
l I
r
r
a
d
a
h
I
s
ma
il
)
411
2
.
2
.
E
x
peri
m
ent
a
l
Set
u
p
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
et
u
p
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Q
-
s
w
i
tch
ed
E
DF
L
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
la
s
er
ca
v
it
y
ar
e
co
m
p
r
is
e
d
o
f
9
8
0
n
m
laser
d
io
d
e,
9
8
0
/1
5
5
0
n
m
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
d
i
v
is
io
n
m
u
l
tip
lex
i
n
g
(
W
DM
)
,
2
.
6
m
lo
n
g
E
r
b
iu
m
d
o
p
ed
f
ib
er
(
E
DF)
,
an
o
p
tical
is
o
lato
r
,
8
0
/2
0
o
p
tical
co
u
p
ler
an
d
th
e
n
e
w
l
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
A
n
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
b
ased
p
ass
i
v
e
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
T
h
e
laser
w
a
s
p
u
m
p
b
y
a
9
8
0
n
m
la
s
er
d
io
d
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
W
DM
.
An
E
DF
with
p
ea
k
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
4
5
d
B
/m
at
1
5
3
1
n
m
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
e
x
c
ite
th
e
9
8
0
n
m
li
g
h
t
to
1
5
5
0
n
m
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
.
A
n
o
p
tical
is
o
lato
r
w
as
u
s
ed
to
allo
w
f
o
r
u
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
li
g
h
t p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
er
e
tap
p
ed
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
8
0
/2
0
co
u
p
ler
w
h
er
e
8
0
%
o
f
lig
h
t
o
s
cillates
i
n
t
h
e
ca
v
it
y
a
n
d
2
0
%
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
o
p
tical
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
a
l
y
ze
r
(
O
S
A
)
,
a
d
i
g
i
tal
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e,
a
n
o
p
tical
p
o
w
er
m
eter
an
d
a
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
a
n
al
y
ze
r
(
R
FS
A
)
.
T
h
e
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
b
ased
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
e
r
w
a
s
cu
t
i
n
to
1
m
m
2
x
1
m
m
2
an
d
s
a
n
d
w
ich
e
d
in
b
et
w
ee
n
FC
/P
C
f
ib
er
f
er
r
u
le
f
o
r
p
u
ls
e
laser
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
aser
C
a
v
it
y
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
Set
u
p
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
Q
-
s
w
itc
h
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
w
er
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
in
itial
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
o
f
2
9
.
3
m
W
an
d
w
a
s
h
eld
s
tab
le
u
n
t
il
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
r
ea
ch
e
s
8
4
.
9
m
W
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
w
as
t
u
n
ed
ex
ce
ed
in
g
8
4
.
9
m
W
,
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
e
s
tar
ted
to
g
et
d
is
to
r
ted
an
d
e
v
en
t
u
all
y
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
ed
.
T
o
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
p
u
ls
e
g
e
n
er
ated
w
er
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
e
w
l
y
f
ab
r
icate
d
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
an
d
n
o
t
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
p
o
lar
izatio
n
r
o
tatio
n
(
NP
R
)
in
th
e
ca
v
it
y
,
t
h
e
s
a
tu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
w
er
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
r
esu
lt
i
n
g
in
n
o
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
p
u
ls
e
as
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
w
a
s
tu
n
ed
o
v
er
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
p
tical
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
at
8
4
.
9
m
W
.
T
h
e
laser
o
p
er
ates
at
a
ce
n
tr
al
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
o
f
1
5
6
0
n
m
w
i
th
a
3
d
B
s
p
ec
tr
al
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
0
.
2
3
n
m
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
b
r
o
ad
en
in
g
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l a
lco
h
o
l sat
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Op
tical
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
at
P
u
m
p
P
o
w
er
o
f
8
4
.
9
m
W
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
0
9
–
415
412
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
t
y
p
ic
al
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
tr
ac
e
o
f
Q
-
s
w
i
tch
ed
laser
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
o
f
8
4
.
9
m
W
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
p
u
ls
e
w
ith
n
o
d
i
s
ti
n
ct
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
d
u
r
atio
n
at
f
u
ll
w
id
t
h
h
al
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
s
h
o
w
s
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
ar
e
5
.
1
µs a
n
d
p
u
ls
e
-
to
-
p
u
l
s
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
1
1
.
2
µs.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a)
T
y
p
ical
Oscil
lo
s
c
o
p
e
T
r
ac
es
(
b
)
Sin
g
le
P
u
l
s
e
at
P
u
m
p
P
o
w
er
o
f
8
4
.
9
m
W
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
ep
etitio
n
r
ate
an
d
p
u
ls
e
d
u
r
atio
n
a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
r
ep
etitio
n
r
ates
w
er
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
2
1
.
0
k
Hz
to
8
9
.
3
k
Hz
as
th
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
w
as
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
9
.
3
m
W
u
n
t
il
8
4
.
9
m
W
.
O
n
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ar
y
,
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
w
as
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
4
.
0
µs
to
5
.
1
µs
w
h
en
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
w
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
p
h
o
to
n
s
c
h
a
n
n
e
le
d
to
th
e
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
r
esu
lti
n
g
i
n
f
as
ter
s
atu
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
,
th
u
s
e
m
itti
n
g
m
o
r
e
lig
h
t.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
ep
etitio
n
r
ates b
ec
o
m
e
f
as
ter
an
d
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
is
n
ar
r
o
w
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
ep
etitio
n
R
a
te
an
d
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
as a
F
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
P
u
m
p
P
o
w
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
p
u
ls
e
e
n
er
g
y
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
p
u
m
p
p
o
wer
,
f
r
o
m
0
.
9
m
W
u
p
to
5
.
6
m
W
.
Sa
m
e
g
o
es
to
p
u
ls
e
en
er
g
y
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
4
6
.
2
n
J
to
6
7
.
4
n
J
at
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
6
2
.
7
m
W
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
as
th
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
w
a
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
e
y
o
n
d
6
2
.
7
m
W
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
r
ep
etitio
n
r
ate
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
ca
n
cr
ea
tes
an
in
te
n
s
e
p
u
ls
e
allo
w
i
n
g
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
u
l
s
e
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
tu
n
ab
le
r
ep
etit
io
n
r
ate
f
r
o
m
2
0
.
9
9
k
Hz
to
8
9
.
3
0
k
Hz
w
h
ic
h
i
s
b
etter
t
h
a
n
B
is
m
u
t
h
(
I
I
I
)
Sele
n
id
e
(
B
i
2
Se
3
)
[
8
,
9
]
an
d
B
is
m
u
t
h
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
(
B
i
2
Te
3
)
[
7
,
1
0
]
b
ased
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
T
h
e
s
h
o
r
test
s
in
g
le
en
v
elo
p
e
o
f
5
.
1
s
is
s
h
o
r
ter
th
a
n
2
7
.
3
s
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
9
]
u
s
in
g
B
is
m
u
th
(
I
I
I
)
Selen
id
e
B
i
2
Se
3
an
d
1
2
.
7
4
μ
s
em
p
lo
y
i
n
g
B
is
m
u
th
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
[
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Q
-
S
w
itch
ed
E
r
b
iu
m
Do
p
ed
F
ib
er La
s
er I
n
co
r
p
o
r
a
tin
g
A
n
t
i
mo
n
y…
(
E
z
z
a
tu
l I
r
r
a
d
a
h
I
s
ma
il
)
413
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
O
u
tp
u
t
P
o
w
er
a
n
d
Pu
ls
e
E
n
er
g
y
as a
F
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
P
u
m
p
P
o
w
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
ep
icts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
R
FS
A
at
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
r
ep
etiti
o
n
r
ate
o
f
8
9
.
3
k
Hz.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
Q
-
s
w
itc
h
ed
laser
is
7
1
.
4
d
B
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
laser
h
a
v
e
a
g
o
o
d
s
ta
b
ilit
y
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
S
NR
)
o
f
7
1
.
4
d
B
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
o
th
er
r
ep
o
r
ted
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
to
p
o
lo
g
ical
in
s
u
lato
r
s
(
T
is
)
b
a
s
ed
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
[
8
-
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
S
ig
n
al
to
No
is
e
R
ati
o
at
Fu
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l Rep
etitio
n
R
ate
o
f
8
9
.
3
k
Hz
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
L
a
s
er
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
Usi
n
g
Di
f
f
er
en
t
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
ical
I
n
s
u
lato
r
b
ased
Satu
r
ab
le
A
b
s
o
r
b
er
in
Q
-
S
w
it
ch
ed
R
eg
i
m
e
SA
P
p
m
i
n
.
(
mW
)
P
p
max
.
(
mW
)
R
R
(
k
H
z
)
P
W
(
s)
A
O
P
(
mW
)
P
E
max
.
(
n
J)
S
N
R
(
d
B
)
R
e
f
.
Bi
2
Te
3
1
5
6
7
.
1
43
2
0
1
.
7
3
.
3
-
1
2
.
7
3
.
5
2
7
8
.
8
-
[
7
]
Bi
2
Te
3
1
5
8
9
.
1
67
2
3
8
.
5
2
.
1
-
1
2
.
8
1
9
.
5
1
.
5
2
5
3
6
.
4
[
1
0
]
Bi
2
Te
3
1
5
4
3
.
3
30
2
1
0
.
0
1
2
.
6
-
1
7
7
.
7
2
1
7
n
1
.
3
7
.
5
-
[
1
1
]
Bi
2
Se
3
9
7
4
.
0
9
.
3
1
5
0
.
1
6
.
2
-
4
0
.
1
1
.
6
3
9
.
8
50
[
8
]
Bi
2
Se
3
1
5
3
0
.
0
60
1
0
0
.
0
2
6
.
1
-
3
6
.
6
-
6
.
1
58
[
9
]
Sb
2
Te
3
1
5
6
0
.
0
2
9
.
3
8
4
.
9
2
0
.
9
-
8
9
.
2
5
.
6
6
2
.
7
7
1
.
4
T
h
i
s
W
o
r
k
S
A
–
S
a
t
u
r
a
b
l
e
a
b
so
r
b
e
r
,
P
p
–
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
,
R
R
-
r
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
,
P
W
-
p
u
l
se
w
i
d
t
h
,
A
O
P
-
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
,
P
E
-
p
u
l
se
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
S
N
R
–
S
i
g
n
a
l
t
o
n
o
i
se
r
a
t
i
o
,
B
i
2
T
e
3
-
B
i
sm
u
t
h
(
I
I
I
)
Te
l
l
u
r
i
d
e
,
B
i
2
S
e
3
-
B
i
s
mu
t
h
(
I
I
I
)
S
e
l
e
n
i
d
e
,
S
b
2
T
e
3
-
A
n
t
i
mo
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
e
l
l
u
r
i
d
e
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
As
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
Q
-
s
w
itc
h
ed
E
r
b
iu
m
-
d
o
p
ed
f
ib
er
laser
(
E
DFL
)
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
l
y
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
(
Sb
2
Te
3
-
P
VA
)
as
p
ass
iv
e
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
w
a
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
th
i
s
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
e
s
at
u
r
ab
le
a
b
s
o
r
b
er
w
as
p
r
ep
ar
ed
b
y
d
i
s
s
o
lv
in
g
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
el
lu
r
id
e
p
o
w
d
er
i
n
to
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
An
ti
m
o
n
y
(
I
I
I
)
T
ellu
r
id
e
-
p
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
alco
h
o
l
s
u
s
p
e
n
s
io
n
w
a
s
d
ec
an
ted
in
to
a
p
etr
i
d
is
h
an
d
lef
t
d
r
y
in
th
e
a
m
b
ien
t
f
o
r
4
8
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
atu
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
e
r
w
a
s
d
ep
o
s
ited
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
f
ib
er
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
0
9
–
415
414
co
n
n
ec
to
r
/p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
tact
(
F
C
/P
C
)
w
ith
f
ib
er
co
n
n
ec
to
r
to
g
en
er
ate
p
u
l
s
e
laser
.
T
h
e
s
tab
le
Q
-
s
w
i
tch
ed
laser
o
p
er
ates
o
n
th
r
es
h
o
ld
in
p
u
t
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
o
f
2
9
.
3
m
W
an
d
was
s
u
s
tai
n
ed
u
n
til
8
4
.
9
m
W
.
T
h
e
laser
o
p
er
ates
at
ce
n
ter
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
1
5
6
0
n
m
.
A
s
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
in
cr
e
ased
,
th
e
r
ep
et
itio
n
r
ate
w
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
p
u
ls
e
e
n
er
g
y
w
er
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
a
t
6
7
.
4
n
J
at
in
p
u
t
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
6
2
.
7
m
W
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
w
as
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
o
f
7
1
.
4
d
B
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
h
ig
h
s
tab
ili
t
y
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
er
ated
p
u
ls
e
w
h
ic
h
is
a
ls
o
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
r
ep
o
r
ted
am
o
n
g
to
p
o
lo
g
ical
i
n
s
u
lato
r
b
ased
p
ass
i
v
e
s
at
u
r
ab
le
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
th
a
n
k
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
UT
M)
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
w
o
r
k
UT
M
R
&
D
F
u
n
d
g
r
an
t
n
o
:
4
J
3
0
4
an
d
Ma
lay
s
ia
J
ap
an
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
MJ
I
I
T
)
Sch
o
lar
s
h
ip
Fu
n
d
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
Ch
e
n
,
Y.
C
h
e
n
,
M
.
W
u
,
Y.
L
i,
C.
Zh
a
o
,
S
.
W
e
n
,
“
S
tab
le
Q
-
S
w
it
c
h
e
d
Erb
i
u
m
-
Do
p
e
d
F
i
b
e
r
L
a
s
e
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
T
o
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
In
s
u
lato
r
Co
v
e
re
d
M
icro
f
ib
e
r,
”
IEE
E
P
h
o
t
o
n
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
8
7
-
9
9
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
R.
I.
W
o
o
d
w
a
rd
a
n
d
E.
J.
R.
Ke
ll
e
h
e
r,
“
2
D S
a
tu
ra
b
le A
b
so
rb
e
rs f
o
r
F
ib
re
L
a
se
rs,”
Ap
p
l.
S
c
i
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
0
-
14
5
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
S
.
Ya
m
a
sh
it
a
,
A
T
u
to
rial
o
n
N
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
P
h
o
t
o
n
ic
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Ca
rb
o
n
Na
n
o
t
u
b
e
a
n
d
G
ra
p
h
e
n
e
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
ig
h
twa
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
7
-
4
7
7
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
1
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
J.
Bo
g
u
sla
ws
k
i,
J.
S
o
to
r,
G
.
S
o
b
o
n
,
J.
T
a
r
k
a
,
J.
Ja
g
i
e
ll
o
,
W
.
M
a
c
h
e
rz
y
n
sk
i,
L
.
L
ip
in
sk
a
a
n
d
K.
M
.
A
b
ra
m
sk
i,
“
M
o
d
e
-
lo
c
k
e
d
Er
-
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
las
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
l
iq
u
id
p
h
a
se
e
x
f
o
li
a
t
e
d
S
b
2
T
e
3
to
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
in
s
u
lato
r
,
”
L
a
se
r
Ph
y
s
.,
2
4
,
1
0
5
1
1
1
(
6
p
p
),
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
J.
S
o
to
r,
G
.
S
o
b
o
n
,
W
.
M
a
c
h
e
rz
y
n
sk
i
a
n
d
K.
M
.
A
b
ra
m
sk
i,
“
Ha
r
m
o
n
ica
ll
y
m
o
d
e
-
lo
c
k
e
d
Er
-
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
las
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
S
b
2
T
e
3
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
i
n
su
lato
r
sa
tu
ra
b
le ab
so
r
b
e
r,
”
L
a
se
r P
h
y
s.
L
e
tt
.
,
1
1
,
0
5
5
1
0
2
(5
p
p
)
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
J.
S
o
t
o
r,
G
.
S
o
b
o
n
,
W
.
M
a
c
h
e
rz
y
n
sk
i,
P
.
P
a
letk
o
,
K.
G
ro
d
e
c
k
i,
a
n
d
K.
M
.
A
b
ra
m
s
k
i,
“
M
o
d
e
-
lo
c
k
i
n
g
in
Er
-
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
las
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
ll
y
e
x
f
o
li
a
ted
S
b
2
T
e
3
sa
tu
ra
b
le
a
b
so
rb
e
r,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
1
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
Q.
W
a
n
g
,
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
G
.
Jia
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Dro
p
-
c
a
ste
d
se
lf
-
a
ss
e
m
b
led
to
p
o
lo
g
ica
l
in
su
lat
o
r
m
e
m
b
ra
n
e
a
s
a
n
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
sa
tu
ra
b
le ab
so
r
b
e
r
f
o
r
u
lt
ra
f
a
st l
a
se
r
p
h
o
to
n
ics
,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
to
n
ics
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
−
1
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
L
.
S
u
n
,
Z.
L
in
,
J.
P
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
r
e
p
a
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
fe
w
-
la
y
e
r
b
is
m
u
th
se
len
id
e
b
y
li
q
u
i
d
-
p
h
a
se
-
e
x
f
o
li
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
it
s
o
p
ti
c
a
l
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s,”
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Rep
o
rts
,
A
rti
c
le n
u
m
b
e
r:
4
7
9
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
H.
A
h
m
a
d
,
M
.
S
o
lt
a
n
ian
,
L
.
Na
rim
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
u
n
a
b
le
S
-
Ba
n
d
Q
-
S
w
it
c
h
e
d
F
ib
e
r
L
a
se
r
u
sin
g
Bi2
S
e
3
a
s
th
e
sa
tu
ra
b
le ab
so
r
b
e
r,
”
IEE
E
P
h
o
to
n
ics
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
C.
Zh
a
o
,
S
.
C
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
a
rg
e
e
n
e
rg
y
,
wa
v
e
len
g
th
w
id
e
l
y
tu
n
a
b
le,
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
ica
l
in
su
l
a
to
r
Q
-
sw
it
c
h
e
d
e
rb
iu
m
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
las
e
r,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
lec
ted
T
o
p
ics
in
Qu
a
n
t
u
m
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
1
5
−
3
2
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
M
.
W
u
,
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
H.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Na
n
o
se
c
o
n
d
-
sw
it
c
h
e
d
e
rb
iu
m
-
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
las
e
r
w
it
h
w
id
e
p
u
lse
-
re
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
-
ra
te
ra
n
g
e
b
a
se
d
o
n
to
p
o
l
o
g
ica
l
in
su
la
to
r,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Qu
a
n
t
u
m E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
−
3
9
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Q
-
S
w
itch
ed
E
r
b
iu
m
Do
p
ed
F
ib
er La
s
er I
n
co
r
p
o
r
a
tin
g
A
n
t
i
mo
n
y…
(
E
z
z
a
tu
l I
r
r
a
d
a
h
I
s
ma
il
)
415
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ez
z
a
t
u
l
Ir
r
a
d
a
h
Is
m
a
il
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
S
c
.
(H
o
n
s)
d
e
g
re
e
in
A
p
p
li
e
d
P
h
y
sic
s
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
T
e
re
n
g
g
a
n
u
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
1
5
,
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
sc
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
i
n
2
0
1
7
.
S
h
e
is cu
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
e
r
P
h
D i
n
P
h
y
sic
s (P
h
o
to
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
)
a
t
M
a
la
y
sia
-
J
a
p
a
n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(M
JII
T
),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
.
Fa
u
z
a
n
Ah
m
a
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
De
g
re
e
in
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
9
9
,
M
a
ste
r'
s
De
g
re
e
(Im
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
)
a
n
d
P
h
D
D
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(P
h
o
t
o
n
ics
s)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
M
a
la
y
s
ia
-
Ja
p
a
n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(M
JII
T
),
Un
iv
e
rs
i
ti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
.
Dr.
F
a
u
z
a
n
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
S
y
st
e
m
a
n
d
De
v
ice
s
(OD
ES
YS
)
Ik
o
h
z
a
o
f
M
JIIT
a
n
d
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
n
a
n
o
m
a
teria
l
f
o
r
o
p
ti
c
a
l
p
u
lse
las
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
p
ti
c
a
l
f
ib
e
r
se
n
so
r.
S
u
la
i
m
a
n
W
a
d
i
H
a
r
u
n
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
sy
ste
m
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Na
g
a
o
k
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Na
g
a
o
k
a
,
Ja
p
a
n
,
i
n
1
9
9
6
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
.
S
c
.
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
p
h
o
t
o
n
ics
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
,
Ku
a
la
L
u
m
p
u
r,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
2
0
0
4
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
F
u
ll
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
f
ib
e
r
o
p
ti
c
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
d
e
v
ice
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.