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V
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3
,
Dec
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be
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20
17
, p
p
.
7
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DO
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7
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Rec
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Copy
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1
7
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titu
t
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Eng
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ne
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a
nd
Sc
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nc
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All
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t
s
re
s
e
rve
d.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
od
a
y
,
b
an
k
s
ha
v
e
ap
prec
i
ate
d
tha
t
the
i
r
n
ex
t
i
m
m
en
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e
c
l
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e
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b
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s
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urban
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bu
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the
r
ou
ti
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l
y
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g
l
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d
ba
s
i
c
z
o
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s
.
In
an
y
c
as
e,
f
i
ni
s
hi
ng
th
i
s
c
l
i
en
t
ba
s
e
i
s
no
t
v
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y
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ti
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,
c
hi
ef
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y
on
t
he
grou
nd
s
t
ha
t
the
c
o
m
m
on
pl
ac
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on
s
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t
as
f
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n
da
t
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on
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c
h
as
th
ei
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urb
an
as
s
i
s
tan
ts
.
B
as
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c
as
s
i
gn
m
en
ts
l
i
k
e
t
ak
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ng
of
f
to
the
A
T
M
[1]
a
n
d
ha
ul
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ba
c
k
ex
c
ha
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m
a
k
e
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d
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ba
s
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r
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s
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e
l
l
. In
thi
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t
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s
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ne
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d t
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s
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at
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ps
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s
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the
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r
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s
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s
prem
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s
es
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or
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e
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h
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g
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s
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ba
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8]
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[9].
2.
P
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T
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b
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w
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c
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.
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w
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m
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ate
w
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k
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gh
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w
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w
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t
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tc
h
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m
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ag
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t
the
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ub
t
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l
em
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t
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nc
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ud
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ng
h
i
s
r
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t.
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he
m
e
s
s
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ge
ad
d
i
t
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on
al
l
y
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on
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ns
a
O
n
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T
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m
e
P
as
s
wor
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(
O
T
P
)
[2]
to
t
he
s
m
al
l
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s
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al
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b
an
k
m
ac
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ne
t
ha
t
i
s
de
s
i
gn
a
ted
f
or
tha
t
ex
c
ha
ng
e
.
T
he
s
am
e
O
T
P
i
s
l
i
k
ewi
s
e
s
e
nt
to
the
c
l
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en
t
p
ortab
l
e.
T
he
s
m
al
l
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
f
r
a
m
ew
ork
i
s
c
on
s
tan
tl
y
as
s
oc
i
ate
d
wi
t
h
the
f
oc
al
m
an
ag
i
ng
an
ac
c
ou
nt
s
erv
er
uti
l
i
z
i
ng
G
S
M
c
orr
es
po
nd
e
nc
e.
T
he
s
m
al
l
er
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
ma
c
hi
n
e
tha
t
ge
ts
the
O
T
P
da
ta
w
i
l
l
r
ec
ord
the
s
ea
s
o
n
of
the
l
an
di
n
g
of
thi
s
m
es
s
ag
e.
T
he
m
ac
hi
ne
i
ns
i
de
r
un
s
a
Real
-
T
i
m
e
-
Cl
oc
k
(
R
T
C)
[3,
4]
wi
th
ba
tt
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y
r
ei
nf
orc
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s
go
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k
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c
es
s
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bl
e
i
n
the
g
ot
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P
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i
nf
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on
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4
75
2
IJE
E
CS
V
ol
.
8
,
N
o.
3
,
Dec
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be
r
2017
:
7
0
5
–
7
0
8
706
T
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ga
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n
w
i
l
l
na
tura
l
l
y
ge
t
bo
l
ted
af
ter a
s
ett
l
e
d (1 m
i
n) ti
m
e o
f
l
ate
n
c
y
.
E
ac
h
s
m
al
l
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
m
a
c
hi
ne
i
s
a
l
l
o
wed
to
be
u
ti
l
i
z
ed
j
us
t
i
ns
i
de
a
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
di
s
tr
i
c
t
i
no
r
d
er
to
k
ee
p
a
n
i
l
l
i
c
i
t
us
e
ou
t
of
th
at
l
oc
a
l
e
an
d
ac
c
o
r
di
ng
l
y
th
e
ga
d
ge
t
i
s
s
ec
ur
ed
t
erm
s
of
i
ts
po
s
i
t
i
on
.
T
he
pres
en
t
are
a
of
the
ga
dg
e
t
i
s
f
ol
l
o
we
d
f
r
o
m
G
P
S
s
i
g
na
l
s
an
d
t
he
p
os
i
t
i
on
i
s
c
on
ti
n
ua
l
l
y
c
on
f
i
r
m
ed
w
i
th
the
d
i
s
tr
i
c
t
be
f
oreh
an
d
d
em
on
s
tr
ate
d
b
y
t
he
s
er
v
er
.
T
hi
s
l
i
k
ew
i
s
e
m
on
i
tors
the
area
of
the
s
m
al
l
er
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
m
ac
hi
ne
i
n
c
as
e
of
ab
us
e
or
a
bu
r
gl
ar
y
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
.
A
n
o
ut
of
area
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
c
on
v
e
y
s
th
e
ga
dg
et
t
o
a
s
to
p
an
d
t
he
m
i
s
tak
e
i
nf
or
m
at
i
on
i
s
s
en
t
to
the
ba
nk
s
erv
er.
O
n
m
ee
ti
ng
th
e
c
l
i
e
nt,
t
he
B
C
wi
l
l
c
he
c
k
the
O
T
P
[5]
o
n
h
i
s
ga
d
ge
t
wi
th
t
ha
t
of
the
c
l
i
en
t
v
ers
ati
l
e.
T
he
c
l
i
en
t
ne
ed
s
t
o
c
on
f
i
r
m
the
O
T
P
i
n
h
i
s
v
ers
ati
l
e
a
ga
i
ns
t
th
e
m
i
ni
atu
r
i
z
e
d
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
ga
dg
et.
T
hi
s
c
om
m
on
c
on
f
i
r
m
ati
on
w
i
l
l
v
al
i
da
t
e
bo
t
h
s
i
de
s
,
a
nd
th
e
ex
c
ha
ng
e
c
an
no
w
b
e b
eg
u
n.
T
he
pe
r
s
on
a
l
i
t
y
of
B
C
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
c
on
f
i
r
m
ed
ut
i
l
i
z
i
n
g
a
n
i
nh
erent
F
i
ng
erpr
i
nt
S
c
an
n
er.
T
hi
s
i
s
to
g
ua
r
an
tee
t
h
at
t
he
ga
dg
et
h
as
n
ot
be
e
n
woun
d
u
p
i
n
th
e
w
r
o
ng
ha
nd
s
.
T
he
ga
dg
et
s
tores
t
he
un
i
qu
e
f
i
ng
er
i
m
pres
s
i
on
of
the
B
C
a
nd
a
l
s
o
the
who
l
e
c
l
i
en
t
b
as
e
i
n
tha
t
d
i
s
tr
i
c
t
i
n
i
ts
da
ta
ba
s
e.
P
r
es
en
t
l
y
the
c
l
i
e
nt
w
i
l
l
be
m
ad
e
a
r
eq
ue
s
t
to
en
ter
hi
s
un
i
q
ue
f
i
ng
er
i
m
pres
s
i
on
.
It
i
s
l
i
k
ew
i
s
e
c
he
c
k
ed
.
T
hi
s
gu
arant
ee
s
the
v
a
l
i
dn
es
s
of
ea
c
h
ga
t
h
erin
g.
O
nc
e
t
he
un
i
qu
e
f
i
n
ge
r
i
m
pres
s
i
on
c
on
f
i
r
m
ati
on
i
s
d
on
e
,
B
C
n
ee
ds
t
o
e
nte
r
a
4
-
P
IN
m
y
s
ter
y
nu
m
be
r
on
the
to
uc
hs
c
r
ee
n
k
e
y
pa
d
ap
pe
ared
i
n
the
T
F
T
s
ho
w
.
P
r
es
en
t
l
y
i
t
th
e
c
l
i
e
nts
s
w
i
ng
t
o
e
nte
r
hi
s
4
-
P
I
N
m
y
s
ter
y
nu
m
be
r
on
the
to
uc
hs
c
r
ee
n
k
e
y
pa
d,
l
i
k
e
th
at
o
n
t
he
A
T
M
m
ac
hi
ne
s
.
O
nc
e
the
P
IN
nu
m
be
r
[6,
7]
i
s
e
nte
r
ed
a
nd
c
on
f
i
r
m
ed
,
the
m
ac
hi
ne
w
i
l
l
o
pe
n
th
e
g
ad
ge
t f
or the
l
as
t s
tr
i
d
e
i
n
t
he
ex
c
h
an
g
e.
T
he
c
l
i
e
nt
wi
l
l
n
o
w
be
m
ad
e
a
r
eq
ue
s
t
t
o
e
nte
r
t
he
ad
d
up
to
be
pu
l
l
ed
ba
c
k
on
th
e
to
uc
hs
c
r
ee
n
s
h
o
w
a
nd
t
he
B
C
wi
l
l
di
s
pa
tc
h
the
c
as
h
to
t
he
c
l
i
en
t.
T
he
c
l
i
en
t
m
us
t m
a
k
e
an
af
f
i
r
m
ati
on
b
y
w
r
i
ti
n
g
th
e
4
-
P
IN
m
y
s
ter
y
nu
m
be
r
on
c
e
m
ore.
T
he
g
ad
ge
t
c
he
c
k
s
thi
s
an
d
s
e
nd
s
a
"
c
as
h
pa
i
d
"
m
es
s
ag
e
to
the
ba
nk
s
erv
er.
In
th
e
e
v
en
t
tha
t
t
h
e
c
l
i
e
nt
ne
ed
s
to
s
tore
t
he
c
as
h,
he
/s
he
n
ee
ds
to
en
t
er
the
s
um
as
be
f
orehan
d
d
ep
i
c
ted
an
d
t
he
m
on
e
y
ou
gh
t
to
be
g
i
v
en
o
v
er
to
the
B
C.
P
r
es
en
tl
y
th
e
B
C
wi
l
l
en
ter
th
e
4
-
P
I
N
m
y
s
ter
y
nu
m
be
r
on
c
e
m
ore.
T
he
ga
dg
et
c
on
f
i
r
m
s
thi
s
an
d
s
en
ds
a
"
c
as
h
ga
th
er
ed
"
m
es
s
ag
e
to
the
ba
nk
s
erv
er.
T
he
ba
nk
s
erv
er
qu
i
c
k
l
y
s
en
ds
an
"
E
x
c
ha
ng
e
O
v
er"
m
e
s
s
ag
e
to
the
m
ac
hi
ne
s
ho
w
i
ng
th
e
f
i
ni
s
h
i
ng
of
the
w
h
ol
e
ex
c
ha
n
ge
.
O
n
th
e
of
f
c
ha
nc
e
tha
t
an
y
of
th
e m
ea
ns
i
s
n
ot
a
p
prov
e
d l
eg
i
ti
m
ate
l
y
, t
he
s
m
al
l
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
ga
d
ge
t
wi
l
l
s
en
d t
he
s
u
i
ta
bl
e
m
i
s
ta
k
e
m
es
s
ag
e
an
d
s
to
p
an
y
f
urther
ex
c
ha
ng
e
qu
i
c
k
l
y
.
A
B
u
z
z
e
r
be
ep
s
o
un
d
de
m
on
s
tr
ate
s
m
e
s
s
ag
e
ga
th
erin
g
or
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
on
G
S
M
a
nd
f
urtherm
ore
the
m
i
s
ta
k
e
c
on
d
i
ti
on
s
am
i
d
c
on
f
i
r
m
ati
on
.
3.
P
r
o
jec
t
W
o
r
king
and
Im
p
le
men
t
atio
n
3.1.
O
n
line
M
o
d
e
T
he
c
us
tom
er
w
ho
ne
e
ds
l
i
ttl
e
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
ad
v
an
ta
ge
m
us
t
c
al
l
the
c
us
tom
er
m
i
nd
di
v
i
s
i
on
of
the
ba
nk
an
d
ex
ho
r
t
w
h
eth
er
he
n
ee
ds
to
p
ul
l
ba
c
k
/s
tore m
on
e
y
.
T
he
ba
nk
s
erv
er
w
i
l
l
pi
c
k
the
ap
propr
i
a
te
bu
s
i
ne
s
s
s
c
ho
l
ar
an
d
wi
l
l
s
en
d
a
r
eq
ue
s
t
m
es
s
ag
e
to
tha
t.
T
he
l
i
ttl
e
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
m
ac
hi
ne
s
ho
u
l
d
r
ep
l
y
wi
th
a
pe
r
c
ei
v
e
m
es
s
ag
e
when
i
t
s
ee
s
th
e
ba
nk
ad
dre
s
s
.
T
he
s
erv
er
wi
l
l
th
en
di
s
pa
tc
h a
m
es
s
ag
e a
b
ou
t t
he
i
nc
on
s
p
i
c
uo
us
c
o
m
po
ne
nts
of
th
e c
us
tom
er i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
hi
s
r
ec
ord al
t
ers
.
T
he
m
es
s
ag
e
m
oreov
er
c
on
ta
i
ns
a
O
ne
-
T
i
m
e
P
as
s
wor
d
(
O
T
P
)
to
th
e
s
c
al
e
d
do
w
n
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
m
ac
hi
ne
tha
t
i
s
al
l
oc
ate
d
f
or
tha
t
tr
ad
e.
T
he
s
am
e
O
T
P
i
s
al
s
o
s
en
t
to
the
c
us
tom
er
c
o
m
pa
c
t.
T
he
l
i
tt
l
e
s
c
a
l
e
b
a
nk
s
tr
uc
ture
i
s
c
o
nti
nu
a
l
l
y
c
on
n
ec
ted
w
i
t
h
t
he
c
en
tr
a
l
de
al
i
ng
w
i
th
a
r
ec
ord
s
erv
er
us
i
n
g
G
S
M
c
orr
es
po
nd
e
nc
e.
T
he
l
i
t
tl
er
s
c
al
e
ba
nk
m
ac
hi
ne
th
at
ge
ts
th
e
O
T
P
i
nf
orm
ati
on
w
i
l
l
r
ec
ord
the
pe
r
i
o
d
of
t
he
pa
s
s
ag
e
of
t
hi
s
m
es
s
ag
e.
T
he
m
ac
hi
ne
i
ns
i
d
e
r
un
s
a
Real
-
T
i
m
e
-
Cl
oc
k
(
R
T
C)
w
i
th
b
att
er
y
f
orti
f
i
c
at
i
on
wh
i
c
h
i
s
go
tt
en
f
r
om
the
s
ate
l
l
i
te
c
he
c
k
av
a
i
l
ab
l
e
i
n
th
e
g
ot
G
P
S
d
ata
.
T
he
c
o
ntrap
ti
o
n
ha
s
a
n
un
de
r
s
too
d
hi
g
h
prec
i
s
i
o
n
G
P
S
un
i
t
to
ge
t
c
orr
ec
t
ti
m
e
an
d
f
urtherm
ore
ex
ac
t
terr
i
tor
y
i
nf
or
m
ati
o
n.
A
3
hr
tr
ad
e
ex
p
i
r
y
p
erio
d
i
s
s
et
a
s
i
s
no
r
m
al
l
y
d
on
e
.
T
hi
s
i
nf
ers
the
tr
ad
e
s
h
ou
l
d
b
e
d
on
e
i
ns
i
d
e
th
i
s
da
y
an
d
a
ge
,
i
f
no
t
t
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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r
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tr
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om
proc
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w
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f
urther.
T
hi
s
da
ta
wi
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be
s
en
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to
th
e
s
erv
er.
O
n
m
ee
ti
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the
b
u
s
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s
s
c
ho
l
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he
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k
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on
hi
s
de
v
i
c
e
w
i
th
tha
t
of
the
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us
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ap
tab
l
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he
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k
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T
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i
s
f
l
ex
i
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e
ag
a
i
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t
th
e
l
i
tt
l
e
s
c
al
e
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an
k
c
on
tr
ap
t
i
on
.
T
hi
s
c
om
m
on
af
f
i
r
m
ati
on
wi
l
l
c
he
c
k
bo
th
s
i
de
s
,
a
nd
t
he
tr
ad
e
c
an
n
o
w
be
s
tart
ed
.
T
he
i
de
nt
i
t
y
of
bu
s
i
ne
s
s
s
c
ho
l
ar
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
aff
i
r
m
ed
us
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ng
an
un
de
r
s
too
d
F
i
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er
prin
t
S
c
an
ne
r
.
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hi
s
i
s
to
en
s
ure
th
at
th
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v
i
c
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s
no
t
be
e
n
en
de
d
up
i
n
th
e
w
r
on
g
ha
nd
s
.
T
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c
on
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a
pti
on
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to
r
es
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i
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Ref
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[1]
M
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Ab
h
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t
S.
Des
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o
f
Hi
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p
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t
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In
t
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l
J
o
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rn
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f
E
n
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In
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ISSN (O
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l
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)
.
2
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.
[2]
W
i
m
b
e
rl
y
.
Us
i
n
g
Fi
n
g
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rp
ri
n
t
A
u
th
e
n
t
i
c
a
ti
o
n
to
Red
u
c
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
Se
c
u
ri
t
y
:
An
Em
p
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ri
c
a
l
Stu
d
y
.
Se
c
u
ri
ty
a
n
d
Pri
v
a
c
y
(SP),
2
0
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EEE
Sy
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
.
[3]
Col
e
ri
Erg
e
n
,
Ko
n
ti
k
.
RSSI
-
F
i
n
g
e
rp
r
i
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ti
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g
-
Ba
s
e
d
M
o
b
i
l
e
Ph
o
n
e
L
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
th
Rou
t
e
C
o
n
s
tr
a
i
n
t
s
.
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
IEEE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
.
[4]
Di
M
a
,
Y
a
n
Zh
u
.
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
-
Aware
a
n
d
S
a
fe
r
Card
s
:
En
h
a
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c
i
n
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RFID
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e
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u
r
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ty
a
n
d
Pri
v
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c
y
v
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a
L
o
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ti
o
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Se
n
s
i
n
g
.
In
D
e
p
e
n
d
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
Se
c
u
re
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
IE
EE T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
[5]
D
W
e
i
n
s
h
a
l
l
.
Cog
n
i
ti
v
e
a
u
t
h
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
s
c
h
e
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a
fe
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
s
p
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ware
(
s
h
o
rt
p
a
p
e
r).
In
Pro
c
.
IEEE
Sy
m
p
.
Se
c
u
ri
ty
Pri
v
a
c
y
.
2
0
0
6
.
[6]
H
Zh
a
o
.
A
s
c
a
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a
b
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s
h
o
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s
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In
Pro
c
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AINA
W
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rk
s
h
o
p
s
.
2
0
0
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[7]
S
W
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d
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