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a
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Com
p
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S
c
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Vo
l
.
25
,
N
o
.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
20
22
,
pp.
1599
~
1606
I
S
S
N:
2502
-
4752,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
25
.i
3
.
pp
1599
-
1606
1599
Jou
r
n
al
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page
:
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tp:
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17
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A
c
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De
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28
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202
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f
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n
[
1]
,
[
2]
.
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[
3
]
-
[
4
].
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F
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1
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5
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.
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[
7]
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inj
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[
8]
,
[
9]
.
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a
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,
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da
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[
10]
.
I
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bi
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ter
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g
s
.
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h
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f
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m
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i
n
t
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;
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I
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11]
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[
1
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.
T
h
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m
i
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13
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oT
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16]
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gur
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f
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t
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v
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1
7
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n
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m
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20]
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[
21]
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C
o
m
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o
n
he
a
r
t
di
s
e
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s
e
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i
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c
l
ude
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c
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us
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[
18]
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ur
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m
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r
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us
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[
22]
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or
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t
a
nc
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o
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a
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t
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udde
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hil
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a
s
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l
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ve
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nj
ur
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to
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o
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d
us
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r
s
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n
M
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l
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a
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F
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gur
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2
b
r
i
e
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ly
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ws
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pe
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us
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ha
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Us
e
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s
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a
[
23]
-
[
26]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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do
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N:
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4752
A
ppli
c
ati
ons
o
f
int
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ne
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o
f
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ngs
f
or
monitor
ing
d
r
ive
r
s
-
a
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e
he
ns
iv
e
s
tudy
(
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nd
r
a
Y
ogar
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1601
T
a
bl
e
1.
P
r
e
v
i
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us
s
t
udi
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o
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
s
t
a
t
e
m
o
ni
t
o
r
i
ng
A
ut
ho
r
s
C
o
nt
r
ib
ut
i
o
ns
C
he
r
i
f
e
t
al
.
(
2020)
[
27
]
T
h
is
a
r
ti
c
l
e
d
e
s
c
r
ib
e
s
a
s
ma
r
t
s
y
s
te
m t
ha
t
c
a
n
r
e
m
o
t
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l
y
m
o
ni
t
o
r
a
dr
iv
e
r
'
s
h
e
a
lt
h s
ta
tu
s
i
n r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
.
T
h
e
a
ut
h
o
r
s
a
im
to
pr
o
du
c
e
a
n
in
te
ll
ig
e
nt
a
nd
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
s
te
e
r
in
g
w
he
e
l
th
a
t
d
e
t
e
c
ts
ph
y
s
i
o
l
o
gi
c
a
l
s
ig
na
ls
a
nd
a
le
r
ts
th
e
dr
i
ve
r
.
T
h
e
mo
ni
t
or
in
g
of
h
e
a
r
t
r
a
t
e
a
nd
it
s
v
a
r
ia
ti
o
ns
w
a
s
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
f
oc
u
s
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
D
u
r
in
g
c
e
r
ta
in
c
o
ndi
ti
o
ns
,
th
e
dr
i
v
e
r
w
il
l
r
e
c
e
i
ve
a
n
a
l
e
r
t,
a
nd
th
e
in
f
or
ma
ti
o
n
w
i
ll
b
e
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
e
d
t
o
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
p
r
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
in
th
e
e
ve
nt
of
a
n
e
m
e
r
g
e
nc
y
.
C
ho
w
dhur
y
e
t
al
.
(
2019)
[
28
]
Th
is
pa
pe
r
a
im
s
t
o
d
e
s
c
r
ib
e
a
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
h
e
a
r
t
a
tt
a
c
k
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
m
f
or
dr
i
ve
r
s
.
T
he
a
ut
h
o
r
s
a
im
f
o
r
th
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
te
d
e
t
e
c
ti
o
n
of
s
y
mpt
oms
of
h
e
a
r
t
a
tt
a
c
k
e
ve
nt
s
.
T
he
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
nt
in
u
ou
s
l
y
m
o
ni
t
o
r
s
th
e
dr
i
ve
r
'
s
E
C
G
,
a
nd
if
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
n
y
pr
e
-
s
y
m
p
t
o
ms
,
th
e
dr
i
ve
r
is
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
t
o
pul
l
ove
r
t
o
th
e
s
id
e
.
A
n
a
le
r
t
is
s
e
nt
to
th
e
me
d
ic
a
l
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
t
e
a
m wit
h t
h
e
dr
i
v
e
r
'
s
l
oc
a
ti
o
n i
n s
u
c
h a
c
o
nt
e
x
t
.
L
e
i
c
ht
e
t
al
.
(
2018)
[
29
]
T
h
is
a
r
ti
c
l
e
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
c
a
pa
c
it
i
ve
E
C
G
m
o
ni
t
o
r
in
g
in
c
a
r
di
a
c
pa
ti
e
nt
s
in
s
im
ul
a
te
d
dr
i
v
in
g
s
it
ua
ti
o
ns
.
T
h
e
a
ut
h
o
r
s
s
e
e
k
t
o
c
ompa
r
e
th
e
v
a
lu
e
of
a
c
la
s
s
ic
ga
l
v
a
ni
c
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
E
C
G
(
r
E
C
G
)
t
o
a
c
a
pa
c
it
i
ve
ly
c
o
up
l
e
d
e
l
e
c
tr
oc
a
r
di
o
gr
a
m
(
c
E
C
G
)
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pa
ti
e
nt
s
.
r
E
C
G
a
nd
c
E
C
G
da
ta
w
e
r
e
in
s
ti
nc
t
i
v
e
l
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
e
d
b
y
tw
o
c
a
r
di
ol
o
gi
s
ts
in
t
e
r
ms
of
a
r
t
e
f
a
c
ts
,
a
v
a
il
a
bl
e
da
ta
f
or
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ia
l
di
a
gn
o
s
is
, s
ig
na
l
qua
li
t
y
,
E
C
G
t
i
me
i
nt
e
r
v
a
ls
, a
nd E
C
G
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
s
v
is
ib
il
it
y
.
K
ha
n a
nd C
ho
(
2017)
[
30
]
T
h
is
pa
pe
r
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
th
e
us
e
of
in
f
r
a
r
e
d
U
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f
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e
a
th
a
nd
hu
ma
n
he
a
r
t
r
a
te
m
o
ni
t
o
r
in
g. T
h
e
a
ut
h
o
r
s
a
im
to
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
r
e
s
pi
r
a
t
o
r
y
a
nd
c
a
r
di
a
c
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
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s
f
r
o
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v
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s
ig
na
l
of
th
e
huma
n
b
o
d
y
.
T
h
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m
e
a
s
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m
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oc
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in
c
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lg
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hm.
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un a
nd Y
u
(
2014)
[
31
]
T
h
is
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ti
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a
ddr
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[
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33
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[
34]
,
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5
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.
On
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,
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c
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As
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un
t
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s
[
3
6
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o
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x
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l
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a
[
37
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[
40
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T
h
us
,
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hi
s
pa
p
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pr
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a
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d
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a
bl
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2.
P
r
e
vi
o
us
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t
udi
e
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
l
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ve
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de
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e
c
t
i
o
n
A
ut
ho
r
s
C
o
nt
r
ib
ut
i
o
ns
S
hukl
a
e
t
al
.
(
2020)
[
41
]
T
h
is
pa
pe
r
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
a
n
a
ut
o
ma
ti
c
e
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n
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y
s
te
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du
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to
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lc
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h
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d
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t
i
o
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h
e
a
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or
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im
t
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n
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c
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o
ni
t
o
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in
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ool
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l
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o
h
o
l
c
o
n
c
e
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a
ti
o
n.
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h
e
pr
o
t
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p
e
in
c
lu
d
e
s
s
e
v
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r
a
l
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or
s
a
nd
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r
dw
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r
e
m
o
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e
s
th
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t
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t
or
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o
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nt
l
y
.
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f
th
e
a
tt
e
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t
i
o
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is
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bove
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s
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me
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ge
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nt
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o
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ma
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tp
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n
e
of
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ur
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ve
hi
c
le
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n.
M
a
nda
l
e
t
al
.
(
2020)
[
42
]
T
h
is
a
r
ti
c
le
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
a
s
y
s
t
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h
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nd
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ki
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th
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s
a
f
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t
y
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lt
.
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h
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s
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t
d
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nd
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dr
i
v
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h
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d
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ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
in
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lu
d
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s
c
o
nn
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ti
vi
t
y
of
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oc
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s
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in
g
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a
s
w
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ll
a
s
s
e
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r
s
.
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hi
s
e
x
p
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e
nt
de
m
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ns
tr
a
t
e
d
th
a
t
th
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pr
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t
o
t
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ul
d
de
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mi
n
e
th
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s
ta
te
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th
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s
e
a
t
be
lt
a
nd t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n
of
a
l
c
oho
l.
M
o
nt
a
l
vo
e
t
al
.
(
2019)
[
43
]
T
h
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
o
p
o
s
e
s
a
mul
ti
v
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t
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te
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in
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e
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r
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f
i
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ia
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v
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i
o
n
a
nd
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e
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o
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s
.
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a
im
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t
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xc
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s
s
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o
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o
a
d
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c
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.
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a
s
ur
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me
nt
in
c
lu
d
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s
th
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us
e
of
s
e
ns
it
i
ve
s
e
ns
o
r
s
a
nd
s
y
nt
h
e
ti
c
v
is
i
o
n.
T
he
c
r
it
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ia
im
pl
e
me
n
te
d
t
o
a
c
qui
r
e
th
e
us
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'
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o
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t,
a
s
t
he
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na
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d t
he
us
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umpt
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n t
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ti
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il
y
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
d.
W
a
ka
na
e
t
al
.
(
2018)
[
44
]
T
h
is
a
r
ti
c
l
e
di
s
c
us
s
e
s
a
po
r
ta
bl
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lc
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d
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t
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a
pa
bl
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of
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e
s
pi
r
a
t
o
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y
r
e
c
o
gni
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n.
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h
e
a
ut
h
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h
oo
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a
t
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h
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e
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th
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U
S
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nn
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ti
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n f
or
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o
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ti
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s
ma
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ne
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B
.
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ur
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e
e
x
pe
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im
e
nt
,
th
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e
qui
pm
e
nt
w
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s
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bl
e
t
o
i
d
e
nt
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f
y
s
a
tu
r
a
te
d w
a
t
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v
a
p
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ur
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nd
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n br
e
a
th
m
e
ta
b
o
li
t
e
.
S
a
nde
e
p
e
t
al
.
(
2017)
[
45
]
T
h
is
pa
pe
r
d
e
s
c
r
ib
e
s
a
n
I
oT
-
ba
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umpt
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d a
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2.
M
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HO
D
T
h
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m
a
i
n
i
de
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b
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f
too
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to
m
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tr
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t
h
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d
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m
a
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n
c
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m
p
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n
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us
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f
o
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s
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hi
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UN
O
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odul
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F
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4
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5
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4.
W
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pr
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c
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i
gur
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5.
F
l
o
wc
h
a
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F
i
gu
r
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6
s
h
o
ws
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db
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m
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pr
oto
t
y
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l
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t.
C
o
m
po
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t
s
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s
mi
c
r
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n
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d
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ns
o
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m
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db
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gr
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m
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whi
c
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ps
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qui
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T
h
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c
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m
po
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t
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c
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c
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d
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c
t
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r
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h
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wn
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n
F
i
gur
e
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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4752
A
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1603
F
i
gur
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6.
B
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a
db
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d
d
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3.
RE
S
UL
T
AN
D
DI
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CU
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ON
T
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pr
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whi
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h
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too
l
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wo
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(
p
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)
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t
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to
t
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lf
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us
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d
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F
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ur
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7
,
whi
c
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s
c
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r
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n
g
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d
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ni
ng.
F
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gur
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s
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n
d
9
de
m
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t
r
a
t
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t
h
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ly
.
F
i
gur
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7.
P
r
otot
y
pe
F
i
gur
e
8.
He
a
r
t
r
a
t
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t
e
s
t
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g
c
o
n
d
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t
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o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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2502
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4752
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3
,
M
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20
22
:
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-
1606
1604
F
i
gur
e
9.
Al
c
o
h
o
l
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
Al
t
h
o
ugh
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
de
p
l
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y
e
d
we
r
e
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
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ve
,
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t
d
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s
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ve
r
t
h
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l
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s
s
pr
o
duc
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a
n
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de
que
a
t
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t
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t
.
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o
l
l
o
w
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h
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c
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m
p
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y
pe
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s
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d
to
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pa
bl
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f
m
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ny
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r
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3
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t
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pr
otot
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pe
to
pe
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c
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.
T
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3.
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tot
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P
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T
im
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T
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ke
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M
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t
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R
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h P
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D
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n w
it
h M
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3 S
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c
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4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
h
e
i
n
t
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r
n
e
t
o
f
t
hi
n
gs
(
I
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)
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ke
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t
r
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t
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o
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t
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r
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p
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d
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hi
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T
f
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dr
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(
h
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)
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t
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.
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b
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ly
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Gr
o
up
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n
t
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ge
n
t
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put
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n
g
a
t
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Uni
ve
r
s
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t
y
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T
h
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or
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n
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o
us
r
e
vi
e
we
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
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va
l
u
a
bl
e
c
o
m
men
t
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1]
S
.
N
iž
e
ti
ć
,
P
.
Š
o
li
ć
,
D
.
L
.
D
.
I
.
G
o
n
z
á
le
z
-
d
e
,
a
nd
L
.
P
a
tr
o
n
o
,
“
I
n
te
r
n
e
t
of
T
hi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
:
O
pp
o
r
tu
ni
ti
e
s
,
is
s
ue
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
t
o
w
a
r
ds
a
s
ma
r
t
a
nd s
us
t
a
in
a
bl
e
f
u
tu
r
e
,”
J
our
nal
of
C
l
e
ane
r
P
r
oduc
ti
on
, vo
l.
274,
p. 122877, 2020, d
o
i:
10.1016/
j.
jc
le
p
r
o
.2020.122877.
[
2]
A
. A
.
L
a
gha
r
i,
K
. W
u, R
. A
.
L
a
gha
r
i,
M
. A
li
, a
nd A
. A
.
K
ha
n,
“
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
nd s
ta
te
of
a
r
t
of
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
T
hi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
,”
A
r
c
hi
v
e
s
o
f
C
om
put
at
io
nal
M
e
th
ods
i
n E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, pp. 1
-
19, 2021, do
i:
10
.1007/s
1183
1
-
021
-
09622
-
6.
[
3]
V
.
S
im
a
e
t
al
.,
“
I
nf
lu
e
n
c
e
s
of
th
e
in
dus
tr
y
4.0
r
e
vo
lu
ti
o
n
o
n
th
e
huma
n
c
a
pi
ta
l
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
a
nd
c
o
ns
um
e
r
b
e
ha
v
i
or
:
A
s
y
s
te
m
a
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
Sus
ta
in
abi
li
ty
,
vo
l.
12, n
o
. 10, p. 4035, 2020, d
o
i:
10.3
390/
s
u12104035.
[
4]
B
.
V
a
id
y
a
,
a
nd
H
. T
.
M
o
u
f
ta
h,
“
I
oT
A
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
a
nd
S
e
r
v
ic
e
s
f
o
r
C
o
nne
c
t
e
d
a
nd
A
ut
o
n
o
m
o
us
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
V
e
hi
c
l
e
s
,”
A
r
abi
an
J
ou
r
nal
f
or
S
c
ie
nc
e
and E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, pp. 1
-
11, 2019, do
i:
10.1007/s
133
69
-
019
-
04216
-
8.
[
5]
V
.
R
a
ta
na
v
a
r
a
ha
a
nd
S
.
S
ua
ngka
,
“
I
mpa
c
ts
of
a
c
c
id
e
nt
s
e
ve
r
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
nd
l
o
s
s
v
a
lu
e
s
of
c
r
a
s
he
s
o
n
e
x
pr
e
s
s
w
a
y
s
in
T
ha
il
a
nd,”
I
A
T
SS r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
37, n
o
. 2, pp. 130
-
136, 2014, d
oi
:
10.1016
/j
.i
a
ts
s
r
.2013.07.001.
[
6]
A
. K
. Y
a
da
v
a
nd N
. R
. V
e
la
ga
, “
E
f
f
e
c
t
of
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
us
e
o
n a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
ti
ng a
nd br
a
ki
ng b
e
ha
v
i
o
r
s
of
d
r
i
ve
r
s
,”
T
r
af
f
i
c
i
nj
ur
y
pr
e
v
e
nt
i
on
,
vo
l.
20, n
o
. 4, pp. 353
-
358, 2019, d
oi
:
10.1080/15389588.2
019.
1587167.
[
7]
M
.
F
.
M
us
a
,
S
.
A
.
H
a
s
s
a
n,
a
nd
N
.
M
a
s
hr
o
s
,
“
T
h
e
im
pa
c
t
of
r
o
a
dw
a
y
c
o
ndi
ti
o
ns
t
o
w
a
r
ds
a
c
c
id
e
nt
s
e
ve
r
it
y
o
n
f
e
d
e
r
a
l
r
o
a
d
s
in
M
a
la
y
s
ia
,”
P
L
oS one
,
vo
l.
15, n
o
. 7, p.
e
0235564, 2020, d
o
i
:
10
.1371/j
o
u
r
na
l.
po
n
e
.0235564
[
8]
K
.
M
o
kht
a
r
e
t
al
.,
“
A
P
e
r
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
A
na
l
y
s
is
of
R
o
a
d
A
c
c
id
e
nt
U
s
in
g
D
a
ta
E
nv
e
l
o
pm
e
nt
A
na
l
y
s
is
,”
J
our
nal
o
f
th
e
Soc
ie
t
y
o
f
A
ut
om
ot
iv
e
E
ngi
ne
e
r
s
M
al
ay
s
ia
, v
o
l.
5 n
o
. 1, pp. 41
-
56, 2021.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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tudy
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1605
[
9]
P
.
S
e
th
i
a
nd
S
.
R
.
S
a
r
a
ngi
,
“
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
th
in
gs
:
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
tu
r
e
s
,
pr
o
t
oc
o
ls
,
a
nd
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
,”
J
our
nal
o
f
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
and
C
o
m
p
ut
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, vo
l.
2017, pp. 1
-
26, 2017, d
o
i:
10.1155
/2
017/
932
4035
.
[
10]
A
.
S
a
la
m,
“
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
th
in
gs
f
or
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
huma
n
he
a
lt
h,”
I
n
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
T
hi
ngs
f
o
r
Sus
ta
in
abl
e
C
om
m
uni
ty
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
,
pp.
217
-
242, 2020, do
i
:
10.1007/978
-
3
-
030
-
35291
-
2_7
.
[
11]
A
.
R
a
y
e
s
,
a
nd
S
.
S
a
la
m,
“
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
th
in
gs
(
I
oT
)
ove
r
v
i
e
w
,”
I
n
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
T
hi
ngs
F
r
om
H
y
pe
to
R
e
al
it
y
,
pp.
1
-
35,
2019,
do
i:
10.1007/978
-
3
-
319
-
99516
-
8_1
.
[
12]
M
. S
. A
la
ms
y
a
h, M
. I
khl
a
y
e
l,
a
nd E
. S
e
ti
ja
di
, “
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
T
hi
n
gs
–
B
a
s
e
d V
it
a
l
S
ig
n M
o
ni
t
o
r
in
g
S
y
s
t
e
m,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
and C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g (
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
vo
l.
10, n
o
. 6, p
p. 5891
-
5898, 2020, do
i
:
10.11591/i
j
e
c
e
.
v
10i
6.pp5891
-
5898
.
[
13]
H
.
J
.
L
e
e
,
a
nd
M
.
K
im
,
“
T
h
e
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
T
hi
ngs
in
a
s
ma
r
t
c
onne
c
te
d
w
o
r
ld
,”
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
T
hi
ngs
-
T
e
c
hnol
og
y
,
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
and
St
andar
di
s
at
io
n
, vo
l.
91, pp. 91
-
104, 2018, d
o
i:
10.5772/i
n
te
c
h
o
p
e
n.76128.
[
14]
O
. A
lS
ho
r
ma
n
e
t
al
., “
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
of
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
m
e
di
c
a
l
th
in
gs
(
I
o
M
T
)
–
ba
s
e
d r
e
m
o
t
e
he
a
lt
h m
o
ni
t
or
in
g t
hr
o
ugh we
a
r
a
bl
e
s
e
ns
o
r
s
:
A
c
a
s
e
s
tu
d
y
f
or
di
a
be
ti
c
pa
ti
e
n
ts
,”
I
ndone
s
ia
n J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g and C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
, v
o
l.
20, n
o
. 1, pp. 414
-
4
22,
2020, do
i:
10.11
591/
i
je
e
c
s
.v
20.
i1
.pp414
-
422
.
[
15]
S
. S
ha
r
ma
a
nd S
. S
e
ba
s
ti
a
n, “
I
oT
ba
s
e
d
c
a
r
a
c
c
id
e
nt
de
te
c
ti
o
n a
nd no
ti
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
g
e
ne
r
a
l
r
o
a
d a
c
c
id
e
nt
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
t
r
ic
al
and C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, v
o
l.
9, n
o
. 5,
2019, do
i:
10.11591/i
je
c
e
.
v
9i
5.p
p4020
-
4026.
[
16]
R
.
R
.
A
di
put
r
a
,
S
.
H
a
di
y
o
s
o
,
a
nd
Y
.
S
.
H
a
r
i
y
a
ni
,
“
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
t
hi
ngs
:
L
o
w
c
o
s
t
a
nd
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
S
pO
2
de
v
i
c
e
f
o
r
h
e
a
lt
h
mo
ni
t
o
r
i
n
g,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
t
r
ic
al
and C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
,
vo
l.
8, n
o
. 2, 939, 2018, d
o
i:
10.11591/
ij
e
c
e
.
v
8i
2.pp939
-
945
.
[
17]
H
.
B
is
h
o
p,
L
.
B
o
e
,
D
.
S
ta
vr
in
o
s
,
a
nd
J
.
M
ir
ma
n, “
D
r
iv
in
g
a
mong
a
do
le
s
c
e
n
ts
w
it
h
a
ut
is
m
s
pe
c
tr
um
di
s
o
r
d
e
r
a
nd
a
tt
e
n
ti
o
n
-
d
e
f
ic
it
h
y
p
e
r
a
c
ti
v
it
y
di
s
o
r
d
e
r
,”
Saf
e
ty
, vo
l.
4, n
o
. 3, 40, 2018, d
o
i:
10.3
390/
s
a
f
e
t
y
4030040.
[
18]
K
. P
a
t
e
l,
a
nd J
. E
.
H
ip
s
ki
nd, “
C
a
r
di
a
c
a
r
r
e
s
t,
”
St
at
P
e
ar
ls
[
I
nt
e
r
ne
t]
, 2020.
[
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H
.
R
.
F
a
jr
in
,
B
.
S
.
A
di
,
H
.
P
ur
w
o
k
o
,
a
nd
I
.
P
.
S
a
r
i,
“
T
e
l
e
me
di
c
in
e
-
e
qui
pp
e
d
a
ndr
o
id
in
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
-
ba
s
e
d
h
e
a
r
t
r
a
t
e
mo
ni
t
o
r
in
g,”
I
ndone
s
ia
n
J
our
nal
o
f
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
and
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
vo
l.
21,
n
o
.
3,
pp.
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1340,
2021,
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i:
10.11591/i
je
e
c
s
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3.pp1332
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1340.
[
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K
.
E
.
M
a
c
L
e
o
d,
W
.
A
.
S
a
ta
r
ia
n
o
,
a
nd
D
.
R
.
R
a
gl
a
nd,
“
T
he
im
pa
c
t
of
h
e
a
lt
h
pr
o
bl
e
ms
o
n
dr
i
v
in
g
s
ta
tu
s
a
m
o
ng
o
ld
e
r
a
dul
ts
,”
J
our
nal
of
t
r
an
s
por
t
and he
al
th
, v
o
l.
1, n
o
.2,
pp. 86
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94, 2014, d
oi
:
10.1
016/
j.
jt
h.2014.03.001.
[
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F
.
S
a
nc
hi
s
-
G
o
ma
r
,
C
.
P
e
r
e
z
-
Q
ui
li
s
,
R
.
L
e
is
c
hi
k,
a
nd
A
.
L
uc
ia
,
“
E
pi
de
mi
o
l
o
g
y
of
c
o
r
o
na
r
y
he
a
r
t
d
is
e
a
s
e
a
nd
a
c
ut
e
c
o
r
o
n
a
r
y
s
y
ndr
o
m
e
,”
A
nnal
s
of
t
r
ans
la
ti
onal
m
e
di
c
in
e
, v
o
l.
4, n
o
. 13, pp.
1
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12, 2016, do
i
:
10.
21037/a
tm
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[
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I
.
M
a
nn,
B
.
S
a
ndl
e
r
,
N
.
L
in
t
o
n,
a
nd
P
.
K
a
na
ga
r
a
tn
a
m,
“
D
r
i
ve
r
s
of
a
tr
ia
l
f
ib
r
il
la
ti
o
n
:
T
h
e
or
e
t
ic
a
l
c
o
ns
id
e
r
a
ti
o
ns
a
nd
p
r
a
c
t
ic
a
l
c
o
n
c
e
r
ns
,”
A
r
r
hy
th
m
ia
and e
le
c
t
r
ophy
s
io
lo
gy
r
e
v
ie
w
, v
o
l.
7, n
o.1, pp. 49
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54, 2018, do
i
:
10.15420/ae
r
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[
23]
B
.
H
. A
ng, S
. W
. H
.
L
e
e
, W
. S
. C
h
e
n, K
.
K
. Y
a
p,
K
. P
. S
o
ng, a
nd J
. A
. O
x
le
y
, “
R
e
t
ir
in
g
f
r
o
m dr
i
v
in
g a
nd r
id
in
g:
be
s
a
f
e
a
nd n
o
t
a
r
is
k,”
J
our
nal
o
f
T
r
ans
po
r
t
&
H
e
al
th
, vo
l.
18, p. 100874. d
oi
:
1
0.1016/j
.j
th
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[
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J
.
S
pe
ir
s
,
“
S
a
f
e
,
A
tt
r
a
c
ti
ve
,
a
nd
S
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
C
it
i
e
s
:
A
m
o
bi
li
t
y
-
or
ie
nt
e
d
a
ppr
o
a
c
h,”
I
G
L
U
S
(
I
nnov
at
iv
e
G
ov
e
r
nanc
e
o
f
L
ar
ge
U
r
ban
Sy
s
te
m
s
)
. v
o
l.
8, n
o
. 2, 2019, pp. 48
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55, d
oi
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0.12691/a
jwr
-
8
-
2
-
1.
[
25]
N
. K
a
ma
r
uddi
n, A
. W
. A
. R
a
hma
n, K
. I
. M
. H
a
li
m, a
nd M
. H
.
I
. M
. N
o
h, “
D
r
iv
e
r
B
e
ha
v
i
o
ur
S
ta
t
e
R
e
c
o
gni
ti
o
n ba
s
e
d
o
n S
p
e
e
c
h,”
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
e
le
c
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n,
C
om
put
in
g,
E
le
c
tr
oni
c
s
and
C
ont
r
ol
)
,
vo
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n
o
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861,
2018,
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T
E
L
K
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K
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R
. S
. A
. U
s
ma
ni
, A
. S
a
e
e
d, A
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bdul
la
hi
,
T
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il
la
i,
N
. Z
.
J
ha
nj
hi
, a
nd I
. A
.
T
.
H
a
s
he
m,
“
A
ir
p
o
ll
ut
i
o
n
a
nd i
ts
he
a
lt
h
i
mpa
c
ts
in
M
a
la
y
s
ia
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
A
ir
Q
ual
it
y
, A
tmos
phe
r
e
&
H
e
al
th
, vo
l.
13, no
. 9, pp. 1093
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1118, 2020, d
o
i
10.1007
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02
0
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0086
7
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x.
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F
.
H
a
m
z
a
C
he
r
i
f
,
L
.
H
a
m
z
a
C
he
r
i
f
,
M
.
B
e
na
bd
e
ll
a
h,
a
nd
G
.
N
a
s
s
a
r
,
“
M
o
ni
to
r
in
g
dr
i
ve
r
he
a
lt
h
s
ta
tu
s
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
,”
R
e
v
ie
w
of
s
c
ie
nt
if
i
c
i
ns
tr
um
e
nt
s
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o
l.
91, n
o
. 3, pp. 035110, 2020, d
o
i:
10.
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[
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M
.
E
.
C
ho
w
dhur
y
e
t
al
.,
“
W
e
a
r
a
bl
e
r
e
a
l
-
t
im
e
h
e
a
r
t
a
tt
a
c
k
d
e
te
c
t
io
n
a
nd
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
m
t
o
r
e
du
c
e
r
o
a
d
a
c
c
id
e
nt
s
,”
Se
ns
or
s
,
v
o
l.
19,
no
. 12, 2780, 2019, d
o
i:
10.3390/s
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29]
L
.
L
e
i
c
ht
e
t
al
.,
“
C
a
pa
c
it
iv
e
E
C
G
m
o
ni
t
o
r
in
g
in
c
a
r
di
a
c
pa
ti
e
nt
s
dur
in
g
s
im
ul
a
te
d
dr
iv
in
g,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
B
io
m
e
di
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, vo
l.
66, n
o
. 3, pp. 749
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758, 2018, d
o
i:
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T
B
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F
.
K
ha
n
a
nd
S
.
H
.
C
ho
,
“
A
de
ta
il
e
d
a
lg
o
r
it
hm
f
o
r
v
it
a
l
s
ig
n
mo
ni
t
or
in
g
of
a
s
ta
ti
o
na
r
y
/n
o
n
-
s
ta
ti
o
na
r
y
huma
n
th
r
o
ugh
I
R
-
U
W
B
r
a
da
r
,”
Se
ns
or
s
, v
o
l.
17, n
o
. 2, pp. 290, 2017, d
o
i:
10.3390/s
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[
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Y
. S
un
a
nd X
. Y
u,
“
A
n i
nno
v
a
ti
ve
no
n
-
in
tr
us
i
ve
dr
i
ve
r
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
or
vi
ta
l
s
ig
na
l
mo
ni
t
o
r
in
g,”
I
E
E
E
J
our
nal
of
B
io
m
e
d
ic
al
A
nd H
e
al
th
I
nf
or
m
at
ic
s
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l.
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1939, 2014, d
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32]
X
.
Z
ha
o
,
X
.
Z
ha
ng,
a
nd
J
.
R
o
ng,
“
S
tu
d
y
of
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
o
n
dr
i
ve
r
s
a
nd
dr
iv
in
g
pe
r
f
or
ma
n
c
e
o
n
s
tr
a
ig
ht
r
oa
d,”
M
at
he
m
at
ic
al
pr
obl
e
m
s
i
n e
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
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l.
2014, pp. 1
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14, do
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N
.
C
he
-
H
im
e
t
al
.,
“
F
a
c
t
or
s
A
f
f
e
c
ti
ng
R
o
a
d
T
r
a
f
f
ic
A
c
c
id
e
nt
i
n
B
a
tu
P
a
ha
t,
J
o
h
or
,
M
a
la
y
s
ia
,”
I
n
J
our
nal
of
P
hy
s
ic
s
:
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
Se
r
ie
s
, v
o
l.
995, n
o
. 1, p. 012033, 2018, d
o
i:
10.1088/1742
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659
6/
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1/
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[
34]
Y
.
Z
ho
u
“
R
id
e
-
s
ha
r
in
g,
a
lc
o
h
o
l
c
o
ns
umpt
i
o
n,
a
nd
dr
unk
dr
i
v
in
g,
”
R
e
gi
onal
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
U
r
ban
E
c
onomic
s
,
v
o
l.
85,
no
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3,
p.
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2020, do
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10.1016/j
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r
e
gs
c
iu
r
b
e
c
o
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F
.
A
lo
n
s
o
,
J
.
C
.
P
a
s
to
r
,
L
.
M
o
n
to
r
o
,
a
n
d
C
.
E
s
te
b
a
n,
“
D
r
iv
in
g
un
de
r
t
he
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
of
a
lc
o
ho
l:
f
r
e
que
nc
y
,
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
,
pe
r
c
e
iv
e
d
r
i
s
k
a
n
d
p
u
ni
s
h
me
nt
,
”
Su
b
s
ta
n
c
e
a
bu
s
e
t
r
e
a
tm
e
n
t,
p
r
e
v
e
nt
io
n,
a
nd
p
ol
ic
y
, v
o
l.
10
,
no
.
1,
p
p.
1
-
9
,
20
15
,
do
i:
10
.1
18
6/
s
13
01
1
-
0
15
-
0
00
7
-
4.
[
36]
H
.
J
ia
ng
e
t
al
.,
“
M
e
a
s
ur
in
g
a
nd
pr
e
ve
nt
in
g
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
us
e
a
nd
r
e
la
t
e
d
ha
r
m
a
mo
ng
y
oung
p
e
o
pl
e
in
A
s
ia
n
c
o
unt
r
i
e
s
:
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
vi
e
w
,”
G
lo
bal
he
al
th
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h and poli
c
y
, v
o
l.
3, n
o
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p. 1
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14, 2018,
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2.
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37]
M
. A
. M
. K
a
s
s
im
, S
. A
. H
a
na
n, M
. S
. A
bdul
la
h, a
nd C
. P
.
H
o
n
g, “
R
o
a
d a
c
c
id
e
nt
pr
o
n
e
n
e
s
s
i
n M
a
la
y
s
ia
:
A
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
iz
e
d m
o
d
e
l
of
dr
iv
e
r
’
s
de
m
o
gr
a
phi
c
pr
of
il
e
s
,
a
ggr
e
s
s
iv
e
dr
i
v
in
g
a
nd
r
is
k
y
dr
iv
in
g,”
A
I
P
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
,
2021,
v
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l.
2339,
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1,
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L
.
L
. J
ie
, C
. W
. K
e
r
n, a
nd B
. M
a
hmud, “
A
S
tu
dy
o
n t
he
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
of
r
o
a
d s
a
f
e
t
y
f
or
t
r
uc
ks
t
r
a
ns
por
ta
ti
o
n i
n P
e
ni
ns
ul
a
r
M
a
la
y
s
ia
,”
E
3S
W
e
b of
C
on
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
, v
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l.
136, p. 04087, 2019, d
o
i
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e
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n
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39]
M
.
A
.
M
.
K
a
s
s
im
,
S
.
A
.
H
a
na
n,
a
nd
A
.
B
.
A
z
i
z
,
“
D
r
i
ve
r
'
s
P
e
r
s
o
na
li
t
y
T
r
a
it
s
,
D
r
i
v
in
g
A
ng
e
r
,
R
is
k
y
D
r
i
v
in
g,
A
ggr
e
s
s
iv
e
D
r
i
v
in
g
a
nd
R
o
a
d
A
c
c
id
e
nt
P
r
o
n
e
n
e
s
s
in
M
a
la
y
s
ia
:
A
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
nd
L
o
gi
s
ti
c
F
r
a
m
e
w
or
k,”
I
nt
.
J
Sup.
C
hai
n.
M
gt
,
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N
.
F
.
M
.
S
o
id
,
N
. I
s
a
h,
a
nd
Z
.
M
.
J
a
w
i,
“
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
M
a
la
y
s
ia
n
l
o
ng
-
ha
ul
bus
dr
i
ve
r
s
’
in
a
ppr
o
pr
ia
t
e
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ude
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e
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y
,”
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our
nal
of
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e
d V
e
hi
c
le
Sy
s
te
m
, v
ol
. 7, no
. 1, pp. 1
-
10, 2019.
[
41]
P
. S
hukl
a
e
t
al
., “
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ut
o
ma
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E
ng
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e
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e
r
nat
io
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our
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ngi
ne
e
r
in
g R
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s
e
ar
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h
and T
e
c
hnol
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(
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J
E
R
T
)
,
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.
9, n
o
. 5, pp. 637
-
640, 2020, d
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i:
10.17577/I
J
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T
V
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050528
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[
42]
N
.
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nat
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m
e
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gi
ng T
e
c
hnol
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(
I
N
C
E
T
)
, pp. 1
-
5, 2020, d
o
i
:
10.1109/I
N
C
E
T
49848.2020.9154093.
[
43]
P
.
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.
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o
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n
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
W
or
k
-
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n
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at
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r
ti
f
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om
put
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n
,
pp.
234
-
243,
2019,
d
o
i:
10.1007/978
-
3
-
030
-
19
651
-
6_23.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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[
44]
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i:
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C
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S
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[
45]
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.
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c
hnol
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s
(
I
C
R
T
E
E
C
T
)
,
pp.
145
-
149, 2017, do
i:
10.1109/
I
C
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.2017.38.
B
I
OG
RA
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HI
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OF
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Sum
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l
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ak
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ech
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ech
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l
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me
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i
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e
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e
c
an
b
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co
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a
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ed
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l
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as
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g
m
ai
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m
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r.
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ti
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a
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bd
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i
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h
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t
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l
:
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i
m
a
h
.
raza
k
@
mmu
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e
d
u
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my
.
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ro
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ech
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o
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MU
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fi
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l
i
.
ab
d
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l
l
a
h
@
mmu
.
e
d
u
.
my
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.