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ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y i
n
vo
l
ve
s
hi
d
i
n
g t
he
m
e
s
s
a
ge
,
w
hi
c
h i
s
k
no
w
n a
s
e
nc
o
d
e
a
nd
d
e
c
o
d
e
w
hi
l
e
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
s
s
cr
a
m
b
l
i
n
g
t
h
e co
n
t
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
es
s
a
g
e,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
en
cr
y
p
t
an
d
d
ecr
y
p
t
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
i
n
s
t
eg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
p
eo
p
l
e ar
e n
o
t
a
w
ar
e o
f
t
h
e e
x
i
s
t
e
n
ce o
f
t
h
e s
ecr
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e as
i
t
ap
p
ear
s
l
i
k
e
a n
o
r
m
al
m
es
s
ag
e.
M
ean
w
h
i
l
e,
i
n
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
,
p
eo
p
l
e ar
e
a
w
ar
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
es
en
ce o
f
t
h
e
s
ecr
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e b
u
t
t
h
e
m
es
s
ag
e i
s
u
n
r
ead
ab
l
e as
i
t
i
s
b
ei
n
g
e
n
cr
y
p
t
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ces
s
.
T
ab
l
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
a co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
et
w
een
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y a
nd
c
r
y
p
t
o
gr
a
p
h
y
i
nc
l
ud
i
n
g t
he
s
t
e
p
s
o
f
e
a
c
h.
T
a
b
le
1
.
C
om
pa
r
i
s
on
be
t
w
e
e
n
s
t
e
g
a
n
og
r
a
phy
a
n
d c
r
y
pt
o
g
r
a
phy
S
t
e
g
a
n
og
r
a
p
h
y
C
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
M
e
d
i
u
m
–
i
m
a
g
e
,
t
e
xt
,
a
u
d
i
o
,
v
i
d
e
o
.
E
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
–
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
i
n
t
o
n
o
n
-
re
a
d
a
b
l
e
fo
rm
.
H
i
d
d
en
m
es
s
a
g
e
–
m
es
s
a
g
e
t
h
at
n
eed
s
t
o
b
e
h
i
d
d
e
n
i
n
t
o
a
c
o
v
e
r
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
.
T
ra
n
s
fe
rri
n
g
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
–
s
e
n
d
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e t
o
t
h
e
r
ec
i
p
i
en
t
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
h
i
d
e
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
a
n
d
i
t
s
i
n
v
er
s
e t
o
r
et
r
i
ev
e m
es
s
a
g
e
D
e
c
r
y
p
tio
n
–
d
e
c
r
y
p
t t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
in
t
o
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
a
l
fo
rm
.
O
p
t
i
o
n
a
l
k
e
y
o
r
p
a
s
s
w
o
r
d
t
o
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
e
o
r
t
o
h
i
d
e an
d
u
n
h
i
d
e m
es
s
a
g
e.
B
as
ed
o
n
T
ab
l
e
1
,
t
h
e s
t
eg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
an
d
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
p
r
o
ces
s
s
t
r
es
s
o
u
t
t
h
e t
r
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on n
e
e
d
t
o be
pr
ot
e
c
t
e
d t
h
r
oug
h h
i
di
ng
or
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
on
.
T
h
u
s
,
i
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
da
t
a
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
i
s
i
m
por
t
a
n
t
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
el
y
t
r
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
m
e
s
s
ag
e i
n
an
y
co
m
m
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
er
e ar
e t
w
o
m
a
j
o
r
s
ch
e
m
es
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
at
a
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
c
h
ar
e s
t
e
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
c
h
e
m
e,
a
n
d
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
ch
e
m
e,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill b
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
in
S
e
c
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e r
es
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
i
s
o
r
g
an
i
zed
as
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
S
ect
i
o
n
2
r
ev
i
e
w
s
t
h
e r
el
at
ed
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
d
a
t
a s
ecu
r
i
t
y
s
ch
e
m
es
;
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
ch
e
m
e t
y
p
es
ar
e d
i
s
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
d
et
ai
l
i
n
S
ect
i
o
n
3
;
S
ect
i
o
n
4
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
t
h
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
i
o
n
;
a
nd
t
he
c
o
nc
l
us
i
o
n i
s
p
r
e
s
e
nt
e
d
i
n S
e
c
t
i
o
n 5
.
2.
DAT
A S
E
CUR
I
T
Y S
CH
E
M
E
S
2.
1
St
e
g
a
no
g
r
a
phi
c
Sc
he
m
e
O
n
e o
f
t
h
e s
c
h
e
m
es
u
s
ed
i
n
s
t
eg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
s
cal
l
ed
ch
ao
t
i
c as
y
m
m
et
r
i
c s
t
e
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
(
C
A
S
)
f
o
r
i
m
a
ge
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y
[7
]
.
T
he
f
o
c
u
s
i
s
o
n t
he
e
n
ha
nc
e
m
e
nt
o
f
t
he
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y o
f
s
e
c
r
e
t
m
e
s
s
a
ge
t
hr
o
ug
h o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
a
u
th
e
n
tic
a
tio
n
o
n
th
e
r
e
c
ip
ie
n
t
p
a
r
t.
T
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
i
m
s
a
t c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
th
e
e
nc
r
y
p
t
i
o
n a
nd
s
i
gna
t
ur
e
.
I
t
w
i
l
l
ga
i
n
t
he
a
d
va
nt
a
ge
s
i
n t
e
r
m
s
o
f
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
a
ga
i
ns
t
e
xha
u
s
t
i
ve
a
n
d
i
nve
r
s
e
a
t
t
a
c
ks
a
nd
t
r
us
t
w
o
r
t
h
y
d
a
t
a
t
ha
t
c
a
n
p
r
e
v
e
n
t f
r
a
u
d
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
th
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
s
ti
ll la
c
k
i
n
g
,
a
s
it d
o
e
s
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
e
r
th
e
c
o
lo
r
im
a
g
e
th
a
t
w
o
u
ld
g
iv
e
t
h
e i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e t
o
t
al
m
es
s
ag
e p
a
y
l
o
ad
.
N
e
xt
s
c
he
m
e
t
ha
t
i
s
u
s
e
d
i
n
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y i
s
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
a
s
H
u
f
f
m
a
n c
o
d
i
n
g s
c
he
m
e
[
8]
th
a
t is
d
e
s
i
g
ne
d
t
o
hi
d
e
i
m
a
ge
i
nt
o
a
n a
ud
i
o
s
i
g
na
l
.
T
hi
s
s
c
he
m
e
i
s
i
nt
r
o
d
uc
e
d
a
s
t
he
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g s
c
he
m
e
s
ha
ve
a
l
e
s
s
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
hi
c
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
M
P
E
G
-
2/
4 A
d
v
a
n
c
e
A
u
di
o
C
odi
n
g
(
A
A
C
)
.
T
h
e
y
a
r
e
m
or
e
f
oc
us
i
n
g on
M
P
E
G
-
1
L
a
ye
r
I
I
I
(
M
P
3
)
.
T
hu
s
,
t
he
p
ur
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
hi
s
s
c
he
m
e
i
s
t
o
ha
ve
a
ne
w
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
hi
c
s
c
he
m
e
f
o
r
A
A
C
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c o
f
H
u
f
f
m
an
co
d
i
n
g
.
T
h
e b
e
n
ef
i
t
g
ai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
i
t
s
ab
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
h
i
d
e
m
es
s
ag
e
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ect
i
n
g
i
t
s
n
o
r
m
al
p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
e
n
co
d
i
n
g
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e
ca
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
A
A
C
f
i
l
e
b
eco
m
e
s
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
l
ar
g
er
af
t
er
t
h
e
h
i
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ces
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
i
n
g
l
y
,
i
t
a
f
f
ec
t
s
t
h
e p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
hi
c
s
c
he
m
e
.
T
h
e t
h
i
r
d
s
t
e
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
ch
e
m
e
u
s
ed
i
s
U
n
i
co
d
e s
p
ace ch
ar
act
er
[9
]
w
hi
c
h
i
s
m
a
i
nl
y
f
o
r
t
e
x
t
s
t
eg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
.
T
h
e s
ch
e
m
e i
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ced
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e t
h
e cap
ac
i
t
y
i
n hi
d
i
ng a
nd
t
he
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
i
n e
m
b
e
d
d
i
ng
.
I
t
s
t
r
es
s
es
o
u
t
t
h
e co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
U
n
i
co
d
e s
p
ace ch
ar
act
er
s
an
d
r
eg
u
l
ar
s
p
ace,
w
h
i
ch
ar
e a
b
l
e t
o
av
o
i
d
a
w
k
w
ar
d
p
r
es
en
ce
o
n
v
i
s
u
a
l
at
t
ack
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e,
h
i
g
h
er
h
i
d
i
n
g
cap
aci
t
y
c
an
b
e ac
h
i
e
v
ed
an
d
pr
ov
i
d
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
ng e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
.
E
no
u
gh r
o
b
us
t
ne
s
s
a
l
s
o
ga
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
t
hi
s
s
c
he
m
e
.
A
no
t
he
r
s
c
he
m
e
t
ha
t
i
s
us
e
d
i
n
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y i
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
H
u
f
f
m
a
n c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
s
c
he
m
e
[
10]
.
I
t
s
p
ur
p
o
s
e
i
s
t
o
f
ur
t
he
r
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
t
he
hi
d
i
ng c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
i
n t
e
xt
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y
t
hr
o
ug
h e
m
a
i
l
b
a
s
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e s
ch
e
m
e
u
t
i
l
i
zes
H
u
f
f
m
a
n
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
m
a
k
e o
p
t
i
m
al
u
s
e o
f
e
m
ai
l
ad
d
r
es
s
es
t
o
h
i
d
e t
h
e
s
ecr
et
m
es
s
ag
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e,
t
h
e co
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[
11]
i
s
f
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us
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n
g o
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m
p
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vi
ng t
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q
ua
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be
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[
12]
.
H
o
w
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ve
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,
t
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c
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s
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(E
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Q
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a
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phy
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T
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cep
t
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f
E
M
D
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m
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d
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g
s
ch
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m
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[
13]
t
o
co
n
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h
i
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h
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p
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y
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o
ad
o
f
t
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R
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Q
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T
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,
it
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2.
2
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Sc
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[
14]
.
I
n a
p
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x
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gna
t
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c
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,
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gi
na
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[
15]
.
I
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co
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[
16]
.
I
t
m
a
na
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o
ti
n
g
m
ach
i
n
e i
n
t
o
a s
ecu
r
e l
o
cat
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e av
o
i
d
an
ce
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
a
n
d
eav
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
.
G
en
er
al
l
y
,
i
n
t
h
e
s
c
he
m
e
w
h
i
c
h
ut
i
l
i
z
e
s
q
ua
nt
u
m
ke
y d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
n (
Q
K
D
)
[
17]
,
t
h
e v
o
t
es
ar
e t
r
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
i
n
r
eal
t
i
m
e
t
o
a
p
r
ed
et
er
m
i
n
ed
s
ec
u
r
e l
o
cat
i
o
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e,
a
n
o
v
el
l
at
e
n
c
y
e
x
a
m
i
n
at
i
o
n
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e i
s
b
ei
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
et
ect
th
w
a
r
t m
a
n
-
in
-
t
he
-
m
id
d
le
a
tta
c
k
s
t
h
a
t
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
h
a
c
k
Q
K
D
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
u
lt,
it
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
n
o
d
e
la
y
in
d
e
c
la
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
ti
n
g
r
e
s
u
lt
s
a
s
i
t r
e
a
d
ily
a
v
a
ila
b
le
r
ig
h
t a
f
te
r
t
h
e
la
s
t
p
e
r
s
o
n
v
o
te
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
i
s
ach
i
e
v
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
e
l
o
ca
t
i
o
n.
F
o
r
t
he
f
ut
ur
e
,
t
hi
s
s
c
he
m
e
i
s
c
o
ns
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
o
b
ui
l
d
e
nc
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
ho
d
us
i
n
g
m
ul
t
i
va
r
i
a
t
e
p
ub
l
i
c
ke
y
c
r
y
p
t
o
gr
a
p
h
y
i
n t
he
p
o
s
t
-
q
u
an
t
u
m
er
a.
T
h
e
l
a
s
t
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
c
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phy
w
hi
c
h
i
s
c
op
y
r
i
g
h
t
pr
ot
e
c
t
i
on
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
f
or
w
a
r
de
d t
o pr
ot
e
c
t
t
h
e
r
i
ght
f
ul
o
w
ne
r
s
h
ip
o
f
d
ig
ita
l
d
a
ta
.
A
s
th
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
d
ig
ita
l i
m
a
g
e
s
,
it a
tte
m
p
ts
to
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
th
e
w
e
a
k
ne
s
s
o
f
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g s
ys
t
e
m
s
uc
h a
s
t
he
a
l
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n t
ha
t
ha
p
p
e
ne
d
t
o
t
he
ho
s
t
i
m
a
ge
a
nd
a
l
s
o
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
ve
t
he
r
o
b
us
t
ne
s
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
T
he
s
c
he
m
e
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
vi
s
u
a
l
c
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phy
(
V
C
)
w
he
r
e
i
t
e
m
pl
o
y
s
s
a
m
p
l
i
ng
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
ea
n
s
(
S
D
M)
t
o
g
en
er
at
e a b
i
n
ar
y
m
a
s
t
er
s
h
ar
e f
r
o
m
a g
r
a
y
-
l
e
ve
l
i
m
a
ge
[
18]
.
C
o
ns
e
q
ue
nt
l
y,
th
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
a
b
le
to
a
v
o
id
th
e
o
ccu
r
r
en
ce o
f
al
t
er
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e h
o
s
t
i
m
a
g
e.
B
es
i
d
es
,
i
t
p
r
o
d
u
ces
i
d
en
t
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
i
g
h
t
f
u
l
o
w
n
er
s
h
i
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a r
eq
u
i
r
em
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e o
r
i
g
i
n
al
i
m
ag
e.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e s
c
h
e
m
e en
ab
l
es
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
s
ecr
et
i
m
a
g
es
t
o
b
e cas
t
i
n
t
o
a s
i
n
g
l
e
h
o
s
t
i
m
a
g
e
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
c
au
s
i
n
g
an
y
d
a
m
a
ge
t
o
t
he
o
t
h
e
r
hi
d
d
e
n i
m
a
ge
s
.
L
as
t
l
y
,
t
h
e s
ecr
et
i
m
a
g
e i
s
al
l
o
w
ed
t
o
b
e o
f
an
y
s
i
ze.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
u
t
i
l
i
zat
i
o
n
o
f
V
C
,
t
h
e s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e i
s
g
u
ar
an
t
eed
w
h
i
ch
m
ak
e
s
i
t
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
g
ai
n
s
t
s
e
v
er
al
at
t
ack
s
.
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
w
i
t
h
a n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
en
e
f
i
t
s
g
a
in
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
c
h
e
m
e,
i
t
s
t
i
l
l
l
ack
i
n
g
as
i
t
o
n
l
y
d
eal
s
w
i
t
h
b
i
l
ev
el
s
ecr
et
i
m
a
g
es
.
A
n
ece
s
s
ar
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
w
o
r
k
s
h
oul
d e
x
t
e
n
d i
t
s
m
e
t
h
od t
o
w
a
r
d g
r
a
y
-
l
e
v
el
o
r
ev
en
t
o
t
h
e co
l
o
r
s
ecr
et
i
m
ag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
2018
:
7
33
–
739
736
3.
S
TR
U
C
TU
R
ED
-
S
C
H
EM
E TY
P
E
S
O
n
e o
f
t
h
e b
es
t
f
i
t
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
t
o
s
t
r
en
g
t
h
en
t
h
e d
at
a s
ecu
r
it
y
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
e
i
th
e
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
t
eg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
s
c
h
e
m
e o
r
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c s
c
h
e
m
e i
s
cal
l
ed
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
c
he
m
e
.
T
hi
s
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
-
s
ch
em
e i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
n
u
m
b
er
r
ep
r
es
en
t
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
B
as
i
cal
l
y
,
n
u
m
b
er
r
ep
r
es
en
t
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
s
y
m
b
o
l
i
ze
an
y
n
o
t
at
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e r
ep
r
es
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
of
n
um
be
r
s
.
T
h
er
e ar
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
w
a
y
s
t
o
r
ep
r
es
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
M
o
s
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
a
v
e a b
as
e n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
es
en
t
ed
as
a d
eci
m
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
b
as
e 1
0
)
,
a
b
i
n
ar
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
b
a
s
e 2
)
,
an
o
ct
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
b
a
s
e 8
)
an
d
a h
e
x
ad
eci
m
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
b
as
e 1
6
)
.
D
e
c
im
a
l s
y
s
te
m
c
o
n
ta
i
n
s
te
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
ig
its
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
9
.
F
o
r
th
e
b
in
a
r
y
s
y
st
e
m
,
i
t
i
s b
a
se
d
o
n
t
wo
pos
s
i
bl
e
d
ig
it
s
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e
o
ne
s
a
nd
zer
o
es
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e o
ct
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
of
8
o
ct
al
ch
ar
act
er
s
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
7
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
t
h
er
e i
s
al
s
o
a
n
o
c
ta
l n
o
ta
t
io
n
t
h
at
can
b
e
u
s
ed
fo
r
w
r
iti
n
g
b
i
na
r
y
num
be
r
s
.
L
as
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
h
ex
ad
eci
m
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
co
m
p
r
i
s
ed
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
d
i
g
i
t
s
0
t
o
9
p
l
u
s
s
i
x
m
o
r
e al
p
h
ab
et
s
f
r
o
m
A
t
o
F
.
I
t
he
l
p
s
f
o
r
t
he
ha
nd
l
i
ng
of
b
i
na
r
y
d
a
ta
eas
i
l
y
.
I
n
d
e
ed
,
t
h
er
e i
s
a s
ch
e
m
e f
o
r
n
u
m
b
er
r
ep
r
es
en
t
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
l
i
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
u
c
h
as
i
n
co
m
p
u
t
er
s
ci
en
ce
a
n
d
i
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
.
T
h
a
t
s
ch
e
m
e
w
h
i
c
h
h
ad
b
een
u
t
i
l
i
z
ed
i
n
o
t
h
er
s
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
t
ar
ea i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
c
h
e
m
e t
y
p
e.
T
h
er
e ar
e
f
i
v
e t
y
p
es
o
f
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
c
he
m
e
w
hi
c
h c
a
n
b
e
d
en
o
t
ed
as
d
u
al
-
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
tr
ip
le
-
s
ch
e
m
e,
q
u
ad
-
s
ch
e
m
e,
o
ct
al
-
s
c
he
m
e
a
nd
he
xa
-
s
ch
em
e
.
3.
1
D
ua
l
-
Sc
he
m
e
A
d
u
al
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
a
s
b
een
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ced
i
n
t
h
e
w
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
g
ar
ea.
T
h
i
s
d
u
al
w
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
r
e
i
n
f
or
c
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
on
.
T
h
e
pu
r
pos
e
of
t
h
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
t
o
i
m
pr
ov
e
t
h
e
r
obu
s
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
pr
ot
e
c
t
i
on
a
l
on
g
w
it
h
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
D
is
c
r
e
te
W
a
v
e
le
t T
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
(
D
W
T
)
a
n
d
S
i
ng
ul
a
r
V
a
l
ue
D
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
S
V
D
)
[
19]
a
l
o
ng
w
i
t
h t
he
c
ha
o
s
-
b
as
ed
en
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e.
T
h
er
e ar
e f
o
u
r
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
i
n
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e.
F
i
r
s
t
,
i
s
b
y
e
m
b
ed
d
i
n
g
a s
eco
n
d
ar
y
w
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
at
er
m
ar
k
.
S
eco
n
d
i
s
e
n
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
at
er
m
ar
k
ed
p
r
i
m
ar
y
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d e
m
be
ddi
n
g i
n t
h
e
h
os
t
i
m
a
g
e
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
m
odu
l
e
i
s
c
a
lle
d
a
tta
c
k
s
,
a
s
th
e
a
i
m
is
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
a
te
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
.
F
i
n
a
ll
y
,
th
e
la
s
t o
n
e
is
th
e
ex
t
r
act
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e p
r
i
m
ar
y
an
d
s
eco
n
d
ar
y
w
at
er
m
ar
k
f
r
o
m
t
h
e h
o
s
t
i
m
a
g
e.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
t
h
e ch
ao
s
en
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
s
ch
e
m
e i
s
ab
l
e t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
w
i
d
e
k
e
y
s
p
ace a
n
d
h
i
g
h
k
e
y
s
en
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
A
l
s
o
,
t
h
e ci
p
h
er
can
r
es
i
s
t
b
r
u
t
e f
o
r
ce at
t
ac
k
an
d
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
cal
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
s
h
o
w
ed
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
v
ar
i
et
y
o
f
at
t
ack
s
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
t
h
er
e i
s
a
n
o
ve
l
a
ud
i
o
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng s
c
he
m
e
[
20]
w
hi
c
h
i
s
ba
s
e
d on
e
c
h
o h
i
di
ng
t
e
c
hn
i
q
u
e
b
y e
xp
l
o
i
t
i
n
g d
ua
l
e
c
ho
ke
r
ne
l
s
.
T
he
e
c
ho
hi
d
i
ng
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
a
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
s
c
he
m
e
w
h
i
c
h e
m
b
e
d
s
w
at
er
m
ar
k
b
i
t
s
i
n
i
n
a
u
d
i
b
l
e ech
o
d
el
a
y
s
.
E
ch
o
k
er
n
el
s
ar
e u
s
ed
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ec
h
o
d
el
a
y
s
f
o
r
i
n
cr
eas
i
n
g
w
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
g
p
a
y
l
o
ad
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e,
d
u
al
b
ack
w
ar
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ech
o
k
er
n
el
i
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ced
t
o
i
n
cr
eas
e t
h
e
r
obu
s
t
n
e
s
s
of
t
h
e
pr
opos
e
d a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
.
T
h
u
s
,
m
ul
t
i
pl
e
e
c
h
o de
l
a
y
i
s
pr
opos
e
d i
n
s
t
e
a
d of
pr
e
v
i
ou
s
t
w
o e
c
ho
de
l
a
y
f
or
e
m
be
ddi
n
g
m
or
e
t
ha
n
on
e
bi
t
pe
r
a
u
di
o
s
e
c
t
i
on
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
da
t
a
e
m
be
ddi
ng
pr
oc
e
du
r
e
,
t
h
e
or
i
g
i
n
a
l
au
d
i
o
s
i
g
n
al
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
ed
i
n
t
o
s
eq
u
e
n
t
i
al
s
ect
i
o
n
s
.
N
ex
t
,
w
at
er
m
ar
k
d
at
a s
eq
u
e
n
ce i
s
en
cr
y
p
t
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a p
s
eu
d
o
-
r
an
d
o
m
g
en
er
at
o
r
an
d
as
a s
ecu
r
e
k
e
y
be
f
or
e
di
v
i
d
e
d i
n
t
o 3
-
b
i
t
s
b
i
na
r
y
gr
o
up
s
.
T
he
n,
e
c
ho
d
e
l
a
y
i
s
cal
cu
l
at
ed
f
o
r
each
au
d
i
o
s
ec
t
i
o
n
.
L
as
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
ect
i
o
n
s
ar
e
co
n
cat
en
at
ed
t
o
f
o
r
m
w
at
er
m
ar
k
ed
au
d
i
o
s
i
g
n
a
l
.
C
ep
s
t
r
u
m
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
ap
p
l
i
ed
t
o
an
al
y
ze t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
m
at
h
e
m
at
i
cal
l
y
.
T
h
e r
e
s
ul
t
s
o
f
t
he
s
c
he
m
e
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
i
t
w
a
s
m
at
h
e
m
a
t
i
cal
l
y
p
r
o
v
e
n
t
h
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ech
o
k
er
n
el
h
as
l
ar
g
er
p
ea
k
s
i
n
d
eco
d
i
n
g
s
t
ep
t
h
u
s
i
t
h
as
m
o
r
e r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
at
t
ack
s
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
t
h
i
s
n
e
w
ec
h
o
k
er
n
el
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
b
et
t
er
d
et
ect
i
o
n
r
at
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
na
l
ys
i
s
.
3
.2
Tr
i
p
le
-
Sc
he
m
e
A
t
r
i
p
l
e i
m
a
g
e e
n
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
s
ch
e
m
e
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ced
b
y
u
s
e o
f
f
r
act
i
o
n
al
F
o
u
r
i
er
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
dom
a
i
n
s
[
21]
.
T
h
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e i
s
a co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e en
co
d
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
p
h
as
e en
co
d
i
n
g
.
I
t
ap
p
l
i
ed
o
p
t
i
cal
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
tr
ip
le
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
c
r
y
p
tio
n
a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
w
h
e
r
e
it is
p
r
e
s
e
n
te
d
w
it
h
a
n
e
l
e
c
tr
o
-
o
p
tic
a
l h
y
b
r
id
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
s
t
ar
t
ed
w
i
t
h
an
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
i
m
a
g
e i
s
en
co
d
ed
i
n
am
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
p
ar
t
.
O
t
h
er
t
w
o
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
en
co
d
ed
i
n
t
o
p
h
as
e i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
.
T
h
e k
e
y
o
f
e
n
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
s
o
b
t
ai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e d
i
f
f
er
en
ce b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
i
m
a
g
e an
d
t
h
e o
u
t
p
u
t
p
h
as
e o
f
t
h
e t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
t
h
e f
r
act
i
o
n
al
o
r
d
er
i
s
al
s
o
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
k
ey
.
Nu
m
er
i
cal
s
i
m
u
l
at
i
o
n
i
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
t
o
t
es
t
t
h
e cap
ab
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e.
T
h
e o
u
t
co
m
e o
f
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e en
cr
y
p
t
ed
i
m
a
g
es
ca
n
s
t
a
n
d
ag
a
i
n
s
t
t
h
e at
t
ac
k
o
f
b
r
u
t
e f
o
r
ce d
ecr
y
p
t
i
o
n
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
a
m
u
ltip
le
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
c
r
y
p
tio
n
(
M
I
E
)
is
o
b
ta
i
ne
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n t
hi
s
t
r
i
p
l
e
i
m
a
ge
e
nc
r
y
p
t
i
o
n.
T
hus
,
t
hi
s
s
c
he
m
e
p
r
o
vi
d
e
s
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y a
nd
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
o
f
t
he
i
r
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
.
A
l
s
o
,
a
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
S
e
ns
o
r
N
e
t
w
o
r
k (
W
S
N
)
a
ut
he
nt
i
c
a
t
i
o
n s
c
h
e
m
e
ha
s
b
e
e
n p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
o p
r
ovi
d
e
hi
gh
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
r
es
i
l
i
en
ce,
s
cal
ab
i
l
i
t
y
,
an
d
q
u
i
ck
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
a
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
T
im
e
d
E
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
S
t
r
e
a
m L
o
s
s
-
to
le
r
a
n
t
A
u
th
e
n
tic
a
tio
n
(
T
E
S
L
A
)
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
E
llip
tic
C
u
r
v
e
D
i
f
f
ie
-
He
l
l
m
a
n
(
E
C
DH)
k
e
y
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
a
n
d
E
llip
t
ic
C
u
r
v
e
D
i
g
ita
l
S
i
g
n
a
tu
r
e
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
E
C
D
S
A
)
[
22]
.
E
ach
o
f
t
h
e
m
s
er
v
es
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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SSN
:
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o
d
e
s
ta
r
ts
to
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
th
e
p
a
c
k
e
t to
th
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
in
g
n
o
d
e
s
in
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k.
W
he
n t
he
ke
y
i
s
no
t
va
l
i
d
,
t
he
p
a
c
ke
t
s
a
r
e
d
i
s
car
d
ed
an
d
t
h
e s
t
at
u
s
i
s
r
ep
o
r
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e b
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
.
A
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
i
s
d
o
ne
w
i
t
h
va
r
i
o
us
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g b
r
o
a
d
c
a
s
t
a
ut
he
nt
i
c
a
t
i
o
n a
nd
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y s
c
he
m
e
s
i
n W
S
N
t
o
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
l
t
,
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
et
t
er
i
n
t
er
m
o
f
acc
u
r
ac
y
,
d
et
ect
i
o
n
o
f
a
t
t
ack
s
,
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
y
,
m
e
m
or
y
c
ons
um
pt
i
on
,
n
oda
l
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
,
a
n
d a
n
a
ve
r
a
g
e
of
t
ot
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
um
e
d pe
r
n
ode
.
3
.3
Qu
a
d
-
Sc
he
m
e
A q
u
a
d
-
s
c
he
m
e
kno
w
n a
s
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
q
ua
d
r
up
l
i
n
g s
c
h
e
m
e
ha
s
b
e
e
n i
nt
r
o
d
u
ced
t
o
b
e as
a l
o
w
co
s
t
s
ch
e
m
e f
o
r
g
e
n
er
at
i
o
n
o
f
4
0
-
G
H
z m
i
l
i
m
et
er
-
w
a
ve
s
i
gna
l
s
w
h
i
c
h b
a
s
e
d
o
n R
a
d
i
o
-
o
ve
r
-
Fi
b
e
r
(
R
o
F)
s
y
s
t
e
m
[
23]
.
T
h
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e
e
n
a
bl
e
s
t
o br
oa
de
n
t
h
e
pr
e
f
e
r
r
e
d ba
n
d
w
i
dt
h
t
h
r
oug
h ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n of
t
w
o c
a
s
c
a
di
ng
d
u
al
d
r
i
v
e Mach
-
Z
e
hn
de
r
M
o
du
l
a
t
or
(
D
D
-
M
Z
M
)
.
T
h
e s
ch
em
e s
u
s
t
ai
n
ed
t
h
e 6
4
Q
A
M
-
O
F
D
M
f
o
r
m
a
t,
w
h
ic
h
l
ed
t
o
t
h
e ach
i
ev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
R
o
F
s
y
s
t
e
m
’
s
ef
f
i
cac
y
.
3
.4
O
ct
a
l
-
Sc
he
m
e
A
n
o
ct
al
b
i
as
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
[
24]
i
s
pr
opos
e
d i
n
pr
e
v
i
ou
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
o ov
e
r
c
o
m
e
t
h
e
pr
obl
e
m
i
n
t
he
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce o
f
D
i
g
i
t
al
-
to
-
A
na
l
og
-
C
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
(
D
A
C
)
.
T
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
u
ti
liz
e
d
b
ia
s
c
e
lls
th
a
t a
r
e
n
o
t d
ir
e
c
tly
co
n
n
ect
ed
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
er
.
T
h
ey
ar
e 8
s
ep
ar
at
e an
d
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
b
i
as
cel
l
s
i
n
4
x
2
ar
r
a
y
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e t
h
at
h
el
p
t
o
r
e
d
uc
e
i
np
ut
c
o
d
e
no
nl
i
ne
a
r
i
t
y.
T
hr
o
ugh t
hi
s
m
e
t
ho
d
,
t
he
o
n
-
c
hi
p ba
n
dg
a
p
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ef
er
en
ce ci
r
cu
i
t
i
s
u
s
ed
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e b
i
as
v
o
l
t
ag
e
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ces
.
B
i
as
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
s
ar
e d
i
v
i
d
ed
i
n
t
o
8
-
b
i
as
cel
l
s
p
l
ace
s
i
n
4
x
2
ar
r
a
y
s
.
S
o
,
t
h
er
e i
s
n
o
d
i
r
ect
co
n
n
ect
i
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
an
y
t
w
o
b
i
as
cel
l
s
(
n
o
n
-
co
r
r
el
at
ed
cel
l
s
)
.
T
h
e cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ces
co
n
n
ect
ed
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
b
i
a
s
cel
l
s
ar
e i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
,
n
o
t
a
f
f
ect
ed
d
u
e
t
o
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
t
h
e c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ces
co
n
n
ect
ed
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
er
b
i
as
cel
l
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e r
ed
u
ces
co
r
r
el
at
ed
n
o
i
s
e a
m
o
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ces
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
b
et
t
er
l
i
n
ear
i
t
y
i
s
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
a
nd
a
n i
m
p
r
o
ve
m
e
nt
i
n
t
h
e
s
p
ect
r
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
a
n
e
w
r
e
g
u
la
r
r
a
d
ix
-
8
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
e
llip
tic
c
u
r
v
e
s
c
a
la
r
m
u
ltip
lic
a
tio
n
w
i
th
o
u
t p
r
e
-
c
o
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
a
c
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
f
a
s
te
s
t s
c
a
la
r
m
u
ltip
lic
a
tio
n
r
e
s
u
l
t a
n
d
d
e
r
iv
in
g
f
a
s
te
r
E
llip
tic
C
u
r
v
e
C
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phy
(
E
C
C
)
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
f
o
r
p
ar
al
l
el
ar
ch
i
t
ec
t
u
r
e
[
25]
.
T
h
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
t
h
r
ee a
p
p
r
o
ach
es
i
n
s
cal
ar
m
u
ltip
lic
a
tio
n
.
I
t a
llo
w
s
o
n
e
t
o
c
o
m
p
u
te
e
a
c
h
o
f
3
b
its
o
f
a
s
c
a
la
r
w
it
h
5
p
o
in
t
s
a
r
it
h
m
e
tic
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
in
u
n
i
f
ie
d
s
e
q
ue
nc
e
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
he
a
ut
h
o
r
’
s
f
i
nd
i
n
gs
,
t
hi
s
s
c
h
e
m
e g
e
n
er
at
es
l
es
s
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
,
m
i
n
i
m
i
ze
e
n
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
i
t
u
r
e.
B
es
i
d
es
,
i
t
i
n
cr
eas
es
t
h
e s
p
eed
o
f
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
.
I
t
s
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
h
o
l
d
ag
ai
n
s
t
b
o
t
h
S
i
m
p
l
e s
i
d
e
-
ch
an
n
el
at
t
ac
k
s
(
S
S
C
A
s
)
an
d
s
af
e
-
e
rro
r (o
r C
-
s
a
f
e
)
f
a
u
lt a
tta
c
k
s
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
o
r
e
,
Q
ua
nt
u
m
O
c
t
a
l
L
og
a
r
i
t
hm
i
c
A
ppr
ox
i
m
a
t
i
on K
e
y
i
ng
(
Q
O
L
A
K
)
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
a
s
be
e
n
p
r
es
en
t
ed
f
o
r
s
ecu
r
i
n
g
A
S
-
P
A
T
H
o
f
in
te
r
-
d
o
m
a
i
n r
o
ut
i
n
g
[
26]
.
T
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e i
s
a co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
o
ct
al
l
og
a
r
i
t
hm
i
c
a
ppr
ox
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
k
e
y
i
ng s
c
h
e
m
e
a
n
d qu
a
n
t
um
c
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phy
.
T
h
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
s
s
t
a
r
t
e
d
w
i
t
h obt
a
i
n
i
ng
t
he
ke
y t
hr
o
ug
h o
c
t
a
l
l
o
ga
r
i
t
h
m
i
c
ke
y t
e
c
hni
q
ue
.
T
he
n,
t
he
i
np
ut
ke
y i
s
s
p
l
i
t
i
nt
o
b
l
o
c
ks
o
f
8
-
b
i
t
s
ke
y.
N
e
xt
,
q
ua
nt
u
m
ke
y c
r
y
p
t
o
gr
a
p
h
y
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
i
s
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
s
t
r
e
n
gt
h
e
n t
he
ke
y.
T
he
o
ut
p
ut
ke
y
i
s
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
i
n f
o
r
m
o
f
q
u
b
its
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
b
l
o
c
ks
o
f
q
ub
i
t
s
ke
y c
o
nc
a
t
e
na
t
e
i
nt
o
s
i
n
gl
e
q
ub
i
t
ke
y.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
b
et
t
er
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce t
i
m
e i
s
ac
h
i
ev
ed
.
3
.5
H
e
xa
-
Sc
he
m
e
T
h
er
e i
s
a h
ex
a
-
s
c
h
e
m
e
t
h
a
t
m
o
d
if
ie
d
E
lG
a
m
a
l E
llip
tic
C
u
r
v
e
C
r
y
p
to
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
h
e
x
a
d
e
c
i
m
a
l
r
ep
r
es
en
t
at
i
o
n
[
27]
.
T
h
e o
b
j
e
ct
i
v
e i
s
t
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
e a n
e
w
e
f
f
i
ci
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
t
o
en
cr
y
p
t
/
d
ecr
y
p
t
d
at
a u
s
i
n
g
E
C
C
.
T
h
e
M
odi
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
o
f
E
l
G
a
m
a
l
E
l
l
i
pt
i
c
C
u
r
v
e
C
r
y
pt
os
y
s
t
e
m
(
M
E
G
E
C
C
)
de
pe
n
ds
o
n s
pe
e
di
n
g u
p t
h
e
c
o
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
o
n
E
lG
a
m
a
l E
ll
ip
tic
C
u
r
v
e
C
r
y
p
to
s
y
s
te
m
(
E
G
E
C
C
)
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
o
ubl
i
n
g a
n
d a
ddi
n
g
o
p
er
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e e
n
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
h
as
b
een
r
ed
u
ced
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e en
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
an
d
d
ecr
y
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
an
y
t
e
x
t
ar
e b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
x
a
d
eci
m
al
A
S
C
I
I
v
al
u
e f
o
r
each
ch
ar
act
er
.
T
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
n
c
l
u
d
es
t
h
r
ee
s
t
e
p
s
w
hi
c
h a
r
e
ke
y
s
c
h
ed
u
l
i
n
g
,
en
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
,
an
d
d
ecr
y
p
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
er
e a
r
e t
w
o
es
s
en
t
i
al
r
es
u
l
t
s
o
b
t
ai
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
r
es
ear
ch
er
s
a
f
t
er
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
w
i
t
h
an
o
t
h
er
m
et
h
o
d
[
28]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
m
et
h
o
d
n
eed
s
l
es
s
o
p
er
at
i
o
n
A
l
s
o
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h
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i
m
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v
e
m
e
n
t
p
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ce
n
t
ag
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i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
l
ai
n
t
ex
t
s
i
ze i
n
cr
eas
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
2018
:
7
33
–
739
738
4.
D
I
SC
U
SSI
O
N
S
A
s
m
en
t
i
o
n
ed
ab
o
v
e,
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
es
u
s
ed
i
n
d
at
a s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
ar
e r
ev
i
e
w
ed
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
h
av
e
b
een
d
et
ai
l
ed
f
u
r
t
h
er
acco
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
d
at
a s
ecu
r
i
t
y
cat
eg
o
r
i
zat
i
o
n
n
a
m
el
y
s
t
e
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
a
n
d
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
.
I
n
s
t
eg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
c
he
m
e
,
t
he
m
a
j
o
r
s
t
r
e
n
gt
h t
ha
t
i
s
hi
g
hl
i
ght
e
d
i
n t
he
s
c
h
e
m
e i
s
r
eco
g
n
i
zed
as
t
h
e cap
aci
t
y
o
f
h
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
es
s
ag
e.
M
ean
w
h
i
l
e,
t
h
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
a
n
t
a
g
e i
n
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
t
o
b
e t
h
e r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
a
g
ai
n
s
t
t
h
e
at
t
ack
s
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
r
ev
i
e
w
ed
t
h
e ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
c
he
m
e
t
y
p
e
s
.
T
he
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
-
s
ch
e
m
e h
a
s
b
een
ap
p
l
i
ed
t
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ar
eas
s
u
ch
as
w
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
g
,
b
r
o
ad
cas
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
en
g
i
n
e
er
i
n
g
.
N
o
n
et
h
el
e
s
s
,
t
h
e
y
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
t
er
s
ect
ed
i
n
t
h
e ar
ea
s
m
en
t
i
o
n
ed
ear
l
i
er
.
F
o
r
i
n
s
t
an
ce,
w
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
g
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
u
t
i
l
i
zed
d
ua
l
-
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
n
d
tr
ip
le
-
s
ch
e
m
e.
Mean
w
h
i
l
e
,
e
ng
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
i
s
f
oun
d i
n
d
u
a
l
-
s
c
h
e
m
e a
n
d
o
ct
al
-
s
ch
e
m
e.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
es
ear
c
h
o
n
t
h
es
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
c
h
e
m
e
t
y
p
es
,
t
h
e
y
ar
e cer
t
ai
n
m
eas
u
r
es
t
h
a
t
ar
e
c
o
unt
e
d
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
vi
ng t
he
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
p
r
o
vi
d
i
ng s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
i
n t
he
i
r
s
c
he
m
e
s
,
t
he
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
a
l
s
o pr
om
ot
i
ng
o
t
he
r
va
l
ue
s
s
uc
h a
s
r
o
b
us
t
ne
s
s
,
f
l
e
xi
b
i
l
i
t
y,
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
s
e v
al
u
es
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
t
o
i
n
d
i
cat
e t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce o
f
t
h
e s
c
h
e
m
e i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
.
5.
CO
NCL
U
S
I
O
NS
T
h
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
es
en
t
ed
a r
ev
i
ew
o
n
s
ch
e
m
es
u
s
ed
i
n
d
at
a s
ecu
r
i
t
y
,
w
h
i
c
h
ca
n
b
e
c
la
s
s
if
ie
d
in
to
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y s
c
he
m
e
a
nd
c
r
y
p
t
o
gr
a
p
h
y
s
c
he
m
e
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n t
ha
t
r
e
vi
e
w
,
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y
i
s
b
e
i
n
g d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nt
w
i
t
h
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
n
g
e
n
er
al
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
t
ab
u
l
ar
f
o
r
m
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
each
s
ch
e
m
e
f
r
o
m
s
t
eg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
an
d
c
r
y
pt
o
g
r
a
phy
h
a
s
por
t
r
a
y
e
d i
t
s
s
t
r
e
ng
t
hs
a
nd
w
e
a
kne
s
s
e
s
.
T
he
m
a
i
n a
i
m
o
f
t
hi
s
p
a
p
e
r
i
s
t
o
i
nt
r
o
d
uc
e
t
h
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
-
s
c
h
e
m
e b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
f
o
r
m
er
r
es
ea
r
ch
es
.
F
i
v
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
-
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
av
e
b
een
i
d
en
t
i
f
i
ed
,
w
h
i
c
h
ar
e d
u
al
-
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
tr
ip
le
-
s
ch
e
m
e,
q
u
ad
-
s
c
h
e
m
e,
o
ct
al
-
s
c
he
m
e
,
a
nd
he
x
a
-
s
ch
e
m
e.
H
e
n
ce,
t
h
i
s
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
-
s
c
h
e
m
e can
b
e r
ep
r
es
en
t
ed
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e 1
.
F
i
g
ur
e
1
.
S
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
-
s
c
h
e
m
e cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
I
t
i
s
e
xp
e
c
t
e
d
i
n t
he
ne
a
r
c
o
m
i
ng
f
ut
ur
e
t
ha
t
b
e
s
t
f
i
t
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
i
n
s
t
e
ga
no
gr
a
p
h
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
r
od
uc
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
he
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
-
s
c
h
e
m
e t
y
p
e.
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce ev
al
u
at
i
o
n
can
b
e ex
ecu
t
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
s
t
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t
ur
e
d
-
s
ch
em
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
ta
tio
n
in
le
tte
r
-
b
a
s
e
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t
e
c
hni
q
ue
w
hi
c
h ha
s
b
e
e
n p
r
op
o
s
e
d
b
y
[
29]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
e
lie
v
e
s
th
a
t
t
h
e t
ex
t
s
t
e
g
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o
g
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ap
h
y
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n
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t
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l
i
ze t
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e s
t
r
u
ct
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r
ed
-
s
c
he
m
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i
n o
r
d
e
r
t
o
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nha
nc
e
t
he
l
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ve
l
o
f
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
i
n
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
ta
a
n
d
p
r
o
te
c
t th
e
in
tr
u
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
un
a
ut
h
or
i
z
e
d pa
r
t
i
e
s
.
ACK
NO
W
L
E
DE
M
E
N
T
T
h
i
s
r
es
ear
ch
i
s
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o
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n
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l
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u
p
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o
r
t
ed
b
y
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h
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F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
al
R
es
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ch
G
r
an
t
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ch
e
m
e (
F
R
G
S
)
,
Mo
H
E
u
n
de
r
S
O
C
ode
135
76 U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
U
t
a
r
a
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
a
n
d V
ot
1557 U
n
i
v
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s
i
t
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T
u
n
H
u
s
s
e
i
n O
nn M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
S
.
P
al
i
w
al
an
d
K
.
N
.
R
aj
es
h
,
“A
S
u
r
v
ey
&
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
o
f
V
ar
i
o
u
s
I
m
ag
e S
t
eg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
T
e
ch
n
i
q
u
es
,
” v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p.
20
4
–
20
9,
20
16
.
[
2]
D
.
E
.
R
obl
i
ng
D
e
nni
ng
,
C
r
y
pt
og
r
aphy
an
d
D
a
ta
S
e
c
u
r
ity
,
no.
M
a
y
.
A
ddi
s
on
-
W
e
s
l
e
y
L
ongm
a
n P
ubl
i
s
hi
ng
C
o.
,
I
nc
.
,
1
98
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
on St
r
uc
t
ur
e
d Sc
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m
e
R
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
at
i
on on D
at
a Se
c
ur
i
t
y
…
(
Si
t
i
N
or
us
s
aadah M
ohd S
al
l
e
h
)
739
[
3]
M
.
R
.
P
o
ur
A
r
i
a
n a
nd A
.
H
a
na
ni
,
“
B
l
i
n
d S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
phy
i
n C
o
l
o
r
I
m
a
g
e
s
b
y
D
oubl
e
W
a
v
e
l
e
t
T
r
a
ns
f
or
m
a
nd
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m
pr
ov
e
d
A
r
nol
d T
r
a
ns
f
or
m
,
”
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ndone
s
.
J
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
.
E
ng.
C
om
p
ut
.
Sc
i
.
,
v
o
l
. 3
, n
o
.
3,
pp.
5
86
–
6
00,
2
01
6.
[
4]
N
.
S
.
S
i
k
a
r
w
a
r
,
“
A
M
ode
l
f
or
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
E
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
of
S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
phy
t
hr
oug
h
D
y
na
m
i
c
K
e
y
C
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phy
,
”
I
n
t
. J
. A
d
v
. N
e
t
w
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
vo
l
.
3,
no
.
6
,
p
p.
13
95
–
14
01,
20
12
.
[
5]
R
.
K
um
a
r
a
nd A
.
J
.
S
i
ng
h,
“
U
nde
r
s
t
a
nd
i
ng
S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
phy
ov
e
r
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r
y
pt
og
r
a
ph
y
a
nd V
a
r
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ous
S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
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phy
T
ech
n
i
q
u
es
,
”
I
nt
.
J
.
C
om
put
.
Sc
i
.
M
ob.
C
om
put
.
, v
o
l
. 4
, n
o
.
3
,
p
p
. 2
5
3
–
25
8,
20
15
.
[
6]
E
.
A
l
r
a
s
he
d a
nd S
.
S
.
A
l
r
oom
i
,
“
H
ung
a
r
i
a
n
-
puz
z
l
e
d T
e
x
t
w
i
t
h D
y
na
m
i
c
Q
ua
dr
a
t
i
c
E
m
be
ddi
ng
S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
phy
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
Ele
c
tr
.
C
o
m
p
u
t.
E
ng
.
,
v
o
l
. 7
,
n
o
. 2
, p
p
.
7
9
9
–
80
9,
20
17
.
[
7]
D
.
L
ou a
nd C
.
S
u
ng
,
“
A
S
t
e
g
a
n
og
r
a
phi
c
S
c
he
m
e
f
or
S
e
c
ur
e
C
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
ons
B
a
s
e
d on t
he
C
ha
os
a
nd E
ul
e
r
T
h
eo
r
e
m
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
u
l
t
i
me
d
.
,
v
o
l
. 6
, n
o
.
3
,
p
p
. 5
0
1
–
50
9,
20
04
.
[
8]
J
. Z
h
u
, R
.
-
D
. W
a
n
g
, J
. L
i
, a
n
d
D
.
-
Q.
Ya
n
,
“
A
H
uf
f
m
a
n C
odi
ng
S
e
c
t
i
on ba
s
e
d S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
p
hy
f
or
A
A
C
A
udi
o,
”
I
n
f
.
T
e
c
hn
ol
.
,
v
ol
.
1
0,
no
.
1
0,
pp
.
198
3
–
1
98
8,
20
11
.
[
9]
R
.
K
u
m
ar
,
S
.
C
h
an
d
,
an
d
S
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“A
n
E
f
f
i
ci
en
t
T
e
x
t
S
t
eg
an
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
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ch
em
e u
s
i
n
g
U
n
i
co
d
e
S
p
ac
e C
h
ar
act
er
s
,
”
I
nt
.
J
.
F
or
e
ns
i
c
C
om
put
.
Sc
i
.
,
v
ol
.
10,
n
o.
1,
pp.
8
–
1
4,
20
15.
[
1
0]
R
.
K
um
a
r
,
A
.
M
a
l
i
k
,
S
.
S
i
ng
h,
a
nd S
.
C
ha
n
d,
“
A
H
i
g
h C
a
pa
c
i
t
y
E
m
a
i
l
ba
s
e
d T
e
x
t
S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
phy
S
c
he
m
e
us
i
n
g
H
uf
f
m
a
n C
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
on,
”
i
n
3r
d I
nt
e
r
nat
i
on
al
C
o
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
on Si
gn
al
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng a
nd I
n
t
e
gr
at
e
d N
e
t
w
or
k
s
(
SP
I
N
)
,
201
6,
p
p.
53
–
5
6.
[
1
1]
C
.
W
u,
S
.
K
a
o
,
a
nd
M
.
H
w
a
ng
,
“
A
H
i
g
h Q
ua
l
i
t
y
I
m
a
g
e
S
ha
r
i
ng
w
i
t
h S
t
e
g
a
nog
r
a
phy
a
nd A
da
pt
i
v
e
A
ut
he
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
on
S
ch
em
e,
”
J
.
S
y
s
t.
S
o
ftw
.
,
v
ol
.
84
,
no.
12
,
p
p.
21
96
–
22
07
,
2
01
1.
[
1
2]
S.
-
M
. K
i
m
, Z
. C
h
e
n
g
, a
n
d
K
.
-
Y.
Yo
o
,
“
A
N
e
w
St
e
gano
gr
a
phy
Sc
he
m
e
bas
e
d on an I
nde
x
-
c
ol
or
I
m
age
,
” i
n
6t
h
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on T
e
c
hnol
og
y
:
N
e
w
G
e
ne
r
a
t
i
ons
,
2
00
9,
pp
.
3
76
–
38
1.
[
1
3]
P.
-
Y
.
L
i
n a
nd Y
.
-
H
. C
h
e
n
,
“
Q
R
C
ode
St
e
ga
no
gr
ap
hy
w
i
t
h
Se
c
r
e
t
P
ay
l
o
ad E
nh
anc
e
m
e
nt
,
” i
n
I
EEE I
n
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce i
n
M
ul
t
i
m
e
di
a
&
E
x
po W
or
k
s
hops
(
I
C
M
E
W
)
,
20
16
,
pp
.
1
–
5.
[
1
4]
X
.
S
u
n
a
n
d
M
.
X
i
a
, “
A
n I
m
pr
ov
e
d P
r
ox
y
Si
g
nat
ur
e
Sc
he
m
e
B
as
e
d
on
E
l
l
i
pt
i
c
C
ur
v
e
C
r
y
pt
ogr
a
phy
,
”
in
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on C
om
put
e
r
a
n
d C
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
ons
S
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
2009,
p
p.
88
–
91
.
[
1
5]
S
.
V
er
m
a an
d
B
.
K
.
S
h
ar
m
a,
“N
ew
P
r
o
x
y
B
l
i
n
d
M
u
l
t
i
S
i
g
n
at
u
r
e
b
as
ed
o
n
I
n
t
eg
er
-
F
act
o
r
i
zat
i
o
n
an
d
D
i
s
cr
et
e
-
L
o
g
ar
i
t
h
m
P
r
o
b
l
em
s
P
r
o
b
l
em
,
”
Bu
ll.
E
le
c
tr
.
En
g
.
I
n
fo
r
m
a
tic
s
,
v
ol
.
1,
n
o.
3,
pp
.
1
85
–
19
0,
20
12
.
[
1
6]
S
.
S
he
ng
a
nd
X
.
W
u,
“
A N
e
w
D
ig
ita
l An
t
i
-
co
u
n
t
er
f
ei
t
i
n
g
S
ch
em
e B
a
s
e
d on C
ha
ot
i
c
C
r
y
p
t
ogr
a
phy
,
”
in
I
n
t
er
n
at
i
o
n
al
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce o
n
I
C
T
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce (
I
C
T
C
)
,
2012,
p
p.
6
87
–
69
1.
[
1
7]
D
.
S
.
S
u
n
d
ar
an
d
N
.
N
ar
ay
an
,
“
A
N
ov
e
l
V
ot
i
ng Sc
he
m
e
us
i
ng Q
u
ant
um
C
r
y
pt
o
gr
ap
hy
,
”
in
I
E
E
E
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Op
e
n
S
y
st
e
m
s (
I
C
OS
)
,
201
4,
pp.
66
–
7
1.
[
1
8]
V.
R
. B
o
l
l
a
a
n
d
D
. T
.
V
. G
o
p
a
l
,
“
A
T
w
o P
has
e
C
opy
r
i
g
ht
P
r
ot
e
c
t
i
on
Sc
he
m
e
f
or
D
i
gi
t
al
I
m
age
s
us
i
n
g V
i
s
ual
C
r
y
pt
ogr
a
phy
an
d Sam
p
l
i
n
g
M
e
t
hods
,
”
in
I
n
t
er
n
at
i
o
n
al
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce o
n
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
,
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
cs
,
an
d
O
p
t
i
m
i
zat
i
o
n
T
e
c
hni
que
s
(
I
C
E
E
O
T
)
,
20
16
,
p
p.
204
1
–
2
04
6.
[1
9]
R
.
D
h
an
al
ak
s
h
m
i
an
d
K
.
T
h
ai
y
al
n
ay
ak
i
,
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u
al
W
at
er
m
ar
k
i
n
g
S
ch
e
m
e
w
i
t
h
E
n
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
nt
.
J
.
C
o
m
put
.
Sc
i
.
I
nf
.
S
ecu
r
.
,
v
ol
.
7,
n
o.
1,
pp.
2
48
–
2
53,
20
10.
[
2
0]
A
.
D
e
l
f
or
ouz
i
l
a
nd
M
.
P
ooy
a
n,
“
I
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng
P
a
y
l
oa
d of
E
c
ho H
i
di
ng
S
c
he
m
e
U
s
i
ng
D
ua
l
B
a
c
kw
a
r
d a
nd
F
o
rw
a
rd
D
el
a
y
K
er
n
el
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
I
nt
.
Sy
m
p.
Si
g
nal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
.
I
nf
.
T
e
c
hn
ol
.
,
v
ol
.
2,
no.
1,
p
p.
37
5
–
37
8,
20
07.
[
2
1]
Z
.
L
i
u
,
J
.
D
ai
,
an
d
S
.
L
i
u
,
“T
r
i
p
l
e I
m
a
g
e E
n
cr
y
p
t
i
o
n
S
c
h
em
e i
n
F
r
act
i
o
n
al
F
o
u
r
i
er
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
D
o
m
ai
n
s
,
”
Op
t
.
C
om
m
un.
,
v
ol
.
2
82,
n
o.
4,
p
p.
51
8
–
52
2,
20
0
9.
[
2
2]
M
.
R
.
K
um
a
r
a
nd S
.
G
.
D
ha
s
,
“
A
n E
x
pe
di
t
e
d T
r
i
pl
e
K
e
y
B
r
oa
dc
a
s
t
A
ut
he
nt
i
c
a
t
i
o
n S
c
he
m
e
ba
s
e
d o
n T
E
S
L
A
,
E
C
D
H
, a
n
d
E
C
D
S
A
,”
J
.
T
he
or
.
A
ppl
.
I
nf
.
T
e
c
h
nol
.
,
v
ol
.
5
8,
no.
3,
p
p.
5
06
–
51
6,
20
13
.
[
2
3]
X
.
G
a
o,
J
.
C
he
n,
X
.
C
he
n,
H
.
L
i
,
L
.
F
u,
a
nd S
hi
hua
n
Z
o
u,
“
G
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on of
40
-
G
H
z
M
illim
e
te
r
-
W
a
ve
S
i
gn
a
l
s
ba
s
e
d on R
a
d
i
o
-
o
ve
r
-
F
i
be
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
E
m
pl
o
y
i
ng
O
pt
i
c
a
l
F
r
e
que
nc
y
Q
ua
dr
u
pl
i
ng
S
c
he
m
e
,
”
i
n
C
om
m
u
ni
c
at
i
ons
an
d
P
hot
oni
c
s
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
E
x
hi
bi
t
i
on
,
20
11
,
vo
l
.
83
09
,
p
p.
1
–
7.
[
2
4]
S
.
S
ar
k
ar
an
d
S
.
B
an
er
j
ee,
“A
1
0
-
b
it 5
0
0
M
S
P
S
S
eg
m
en
t
ed
D
A
C
w
i
t
h
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
ed
O
ct
al
B
i
as
i
n
g
S
ch
em
e,
”
Op
t
.
E
xp
r
es
s
,
v
ol
.
1
8,
no.
3,
p
p.
25
03
–
250
8,
20
10
.
[
2
5]
E
.
A
.
H
.
A
bdul
r
a
hm
a
n a
nd
A
.
R
e
y
ha
ni
-
m
as
o
l
eh
,
“N
e
w
R
e
g
u
l
a
r
R
ad
i
x
-
8
S
ch
em
e
f
o
r
E
l
l
i
p
t
i
c C
u
r
v
e S
cal
ar
M
u
lti
p
lic
a
tio
n
w
ith
o
u
t P
r
e
-
C
om
put
a
t
i
o
n,
”
I
E
E
E
T
ra
n
s.
C
o
mp
u
t
.
,
v
ol
.
64,
n
o.
2,
pp.
4
38
–
4
51,
2
01
5.
[
2
6]
K
.
V
i
d
y
a an
d
V
.
R
.
U
t
h
ar
i
ar
aj
,
“Q
u
an
t
u
m
O
ct
al
L
o
g
ar
i
t
h
m
i
c
A
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
i
o
n
K
e
y
i
n
g
(
Q
O
L
A
K
)
S
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
S
ecu
r
i
n
g
A
S
-
P
A
T
H
in
I
n
te
r
-
D
om
a
i
n R
o
ut
i
ng
,
”
I
n
f
.
T
ech
n
o
l
.
J.
,
vo
l
.
1
0,
no
.
9
,
p
p.
17
25
–
1
73
2,
20
1
1.
[
2
7]
Z
.
E
.
D
a
w
a
hde
h,
S
.
N
.
Y
a
a
k
ob,
a
nd A
.
M
.
S
a
g
he
e
r
,
“
M
odi
f
i
e
d E
l
G
a
m
a
l
E
l
l
i
pt
i
c
C
ur
v
e
C
r
y
pt
os
y
s
t
e
m
us
i
ng
H
ex
ad
eci
m
al
R
ep
r
es
en
t
at
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
di
a
n J
.
Sc
i
.
T
e
c
h
nol
.
,
v
ol
.
8,
n
o.
1
5,
p
p.
1
–
8,
20
15
.
[
2
8]
S
.
M
.
C
.
V
i
g
i
l
a an
d
K
.
M
u
n
e
es
w
ar
an
,
“
I
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
at
i
o
n of
T
e
x
t
bas
e
d C
r
y
pt
os
y
s
t
e
m
us
i
ng E
l
l
i
pt
i
c
C
ur
v
e
C
r
y
pt
ogr
a
phy
,
”
in
1s
t
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
on
a
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on A
dv
a
nc
e
d C
om
put
i
ng
(
I
C
A
C
)
,
200
9,
pp
.
8
2
–
8
5.
[
2
9]
R
.
D
i
n
an
d
S
.
U
t
am
a,
“
C
r
itic
a
l Re
v
ie
w
o
f Ve
r
ific
a
tio
n
a
n
d
V
a
lid
a
ti
o
n
Pr
o
c
e
s
s
in
Fe
a
t
u
r
e
-
B
a
s
ed
M
e
t
hod
St
e
ga
no
gr
a
phy
,
”
i
n
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on E
-
C
o
m
m
er
ce
,
201
7,
p
p.
15
–
19
.
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