Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1267
~
1273
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
1267
-
1
273
1267
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
An
a
pp
roach in
c
reating
p
ositive
e
moti
on fo
r
c
hil
d
re
n’s
e
-
l
ea
rning ba
sed on
u
ser
i
nterfa
ce
d
esig
n
Magriz
ef Gas
ah
1
, Nur
ul Hi
dayah
Mat Z
ai
n
2
, A
sli
n
a
B
aharum
3
1
,3
Facul
t
y
of
Co
m
puti
ng
and
In
f
orm
at
ic
s,
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Sa
bah
,
Sab
ah, Ma
l
a
y
si
a
2
Facul
t
y
Com
pute
r
and
Math
emat
ic
a
l
Sci
ences,
Ui
TM
Cawa
ngan
Mela
ka
,
Kam
pu
s Jasin,
Me
la
ka
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
S
ep
3
0
, 201
8
Re
vised Dec
22
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Ja
n
2
, 201
9
Thi
s pa
per
pre
se
nts a
n
appr
oac
h
i
n
cre
ating
positi
ve
emotion
for
chi
ldre
n’s e
-
le
arn
ing
using
user
int
erf
a
ce
des
ign.
The
probl
e
m
s
tha
t
thi
s
rese
arc
h
ai
m
s
to
solve
ar
e
th
e
l
ack
of
childre
n
intere
st
in
school
a
nd
ea
r
l
y
ch
il
dho
od
school
dropout.
Thi
s
r
e
sea
rch
consists
o
f
three
ph
ase
s
where
each
ph
ase
has
it
s
own
rese
arc
h
m
et
hod
.
In
th
is pa
p
er,
th
e
proposed
r
ese
a
rch
m
et
hod
ai
m
s to
id
ent
i
f
y
the
user
in
te
rf
ace
design
th
at
co
uld
tri
gge
r
posit
ive
emotion
and
ac
hi
eve
d
usi
ng
a
qualit
ative
m
et
hod
and
quant
i
ta
t
ive
m
et
hod.
The
r
esult
show
s
a
guide
li
n
e
for
cr
ea
t
ing
e
-
l
ea
rnin
g
appl
icati
on
th
at
coul
d
h
el
p
d
esigne
r
and
deve
lop
er
to
dev
el
op
the
app
li
c
ation.
Hopeful
l
y
,
t
he
guide
l
ine
of
t
he
positi
ve
emotion
and
t
he
e
-
learni
ng
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
could
hel
p
the
ch
i
ldre
n
m
ore
int
er
este
d
in
sch
ool
and
l
ea
rning
in
th
e
futu
re.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
E
-
le
ar
ning
Me
thodo
l
og
y
Po
sit
ive
e
m
otion
U
ser
inter
face
d
esi
gn
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ma
gr
iz
ef
G
asa
h
,
Faculty
of Com
pu
ti
ng
and
I
nfo
rm
atics,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Sab
a
h,
88400 K
ota
Kinab
al
u,
Saba
h,
Ma
la
ysi
a
.
Em
a
il
:
m
agr
iz
ef_
z
one@ya
ho
o.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Chil
dr
e
n
betw
een
t
he
a
ge
of
six
a
nd
te
n
ye
ars
old
are
i
n
t
he
co
nsoli
dation
phase
t
hat
c
oncern
s
wit
h
the
le
arn
i
ng
s
acqu
i
red
i
n
fir
st
childhood,
pr
e
par
i
ng
for
ado
le
sce
nce.
Aroun
d
this
a
ge
child
re
n
be
gin
t
o
unde
rstan
d
the
w
or
l
d
ar
ound
them
su
ch
as
f
ind
in
g
ne
w
s
ol
utions,
gaini
ng
sk
il
ls
to
res
ol
ve
pro
blem
s,
j
udge
,
le
arn
in
g
to
re
flect
,
an
d
unde
rstan
d
that
ot
her
s
hav
e
a
diff
e
re
nt
point
of
view
a
nd
that
it
can
br
i
ng
conseq
ue
nces
to
them
and
to
t
he
interact
io
n
betwee
n
them
[1
]
.
As
this
ear
li
er
age,
child
r
en
te
nd
to
feel
bore
d
in
sch
ool
w
he
n
the
m
at
erial
and
t
he
te
achi
ng
m
et
ho
d
are
no
t
inte
resti
ng.
If
this
pro
ble
m
was
not
ha
nd
le
d
so
one
r,
t
he
c
hildr
e
n
will
no
t
go
to
s
ch
ool
a
nd
pro
ba
bly
w
il
l
dr
op
out
at
an
ea
rly
age.
Chil
dr
e
n
betw
een
that
age
s
hould
be
giv
e
n
e
xposure
to
a
lot
of
act
i
viti
es
in
sch
ool
that
co
uld
e
nc
oura
ge
them
and
ha
ving
a
n
interest
in
the
sc
hool.
Subse
qu
e
nt
s
tud
ie
s
hav
e
show
n
that
t
o
cr
eat
e
the
eff
ect
ive
associat
io
ns
is
thr
ough
r
ai
sing
po
sit
ive
em
oti
on
s
in
learni
ng su
c
h
as
en
t
hus
ia
s
m
, en
joym
e
nt in
t
he pre
s
en
t
m
o
m
ent and
con
te
ntm
ent [
2]
.
In
academ
ic
,
t
he
posit
ive
e
m
otions
cou
l
d
be
li
nk
ed
to
the
achievem
ent
of
var
i
ou
s
s
kill
s
that
helps
in
academ
ic
su
ccess.
By
nurtu
ring
ha
pp
i
ness
i
n
the
cl
ass
it
helps
st
ud
e
nts
to
su
sta
in
a
s
ense
of
m
ind
f
uln
ess
,
ph
ysi
cal
healt
h
an
d
resil
ie
nce
[
3
]
-
[
4].
Be
sid
es,
the
posit
ive
em
otion
ex
pe
rience
d
by
the
stu
den
ts
c
ould
help
them
in
encou
nterin
g
the
aca
dem
ic
chall
en
ges
with
deter
m
inati
on
an
d
a
ccepta
nce
.
Thi
s
posit
ive
ex
pe
rience
cou
l
d
be
a
pp
li
ed
or
im
ple
m
e
nted
i
n
e
-
le
ar
ni
ng
a
nd
o
nline
trai
ning
pro
gra
m
s
to
sp
a
r
k
e
m
ot
ion
al
e
ng
a
gem
ent
[5
]
.
Other
t
han
that,
in
orde
r
to
trig
ger
a
n
e
m
ot
ion
to
us
er
s,
the
desi
gner
has
a
ve
ry
i
m
po
rta
nt
ro
le
to
gi
ve
the
us
er
posit
ive
exp
e
rience
,
w
hich
co
uld
al
so
create
a
po
si
ti
ve
em
otion
(e.
g.
tr
us
t)
an
d
th
e
neg
at
ive
e
xperienc
e
cou
l
d
create
ne
gative
em
otion
(e.g.
an
xiety
)
[6]
.
T
he
posit
ive
ex
per
ie
nce
and
the
posit
ive
e
m
otion
are
cl
os
el
y
relat
ed
to
eac
h
oth
e
r
w
he
re
bo
th
it
is
very
sign
ific
ant
in
enc
oura
ging
the
interest
of
the
chil
dren
.
It
was
po
s
sible
t
o
des
ign
pro
duct
s
th
at
ta
rg
et
s
pecif
ic
ty
pes
of
em
otions
by
m
eas
ur
i
ng
the
em
ot
ion
al
res
pons
e
s
fel
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
2
6
7
–
1
2
7
3
1268
by u
s
ers [
7].
This
s
upport
t
hat,
it
is
possi
ble
to
create
a
pro
du
ct
that
ta
rg
et
s
a
s
pecific
e
m
otion
by
m
easur
i
ng
t
he
e
m
otion
al
res
pon
s
e
that
c
ou
l
d
be
a
pp
li
ed
in
the
child
ren’
s
le
arn
i
ng
m
ater
ia
l
an
d
m
ake
them
interest
ed
in
le
arn
in
g.
N
ume
rous
resea
rcher
a
nd
co
nsum
er
hav
e
ar
gu
e
d
that
pr
oducts
that
co
uld
e
xci
te
custom
ers
will
be
m
or
e
su
ccessf
ul
tha
n
th
os
e
t
hat
do
not
[
8].
This
prov
e
s
th
at
b
y
creati
ng
a
le
arn
i
ng
m
at
erial
that
co
uld
excit
e
the
childre
n
w
il
l
be
m
or
e
su
ccessf
ul
to
cre
at
e
interest
in
le
arn
in
g
beca
use
excit
ing
thi
ng
s
i
nduce
int
erest
to
childre
n.
E
xplorati
on
of
oth
e
r
sense
s
or
em
otion
al
c
onnec
ti
on
,
as
s
ociat
io
ns
an
d
e
xp
e
rie
nce
is
i
m
po
rta
nt
for
the
pr
oduct
to
com
pete
[9]
.
T
he
li
nk
betwee
n
at
ta
chm
ent
and
em
otion
al
de
sign
is
im
po
rtant
in
orde
r
for
t
he
us
er
to
us
e
t
he
pro
du
ct
[
10
]
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
ex
pl
or
in
g
m
or
e
use
r
inter
face
de
sign
t
hat
c
ou
l
d
m
ake
the
childre
n
exc
it
ed
in
le
arn
in
g
is
i
m
po
rtant
becau
s
e
m
akin
g
an
em
ot
ion
al
co
nn
ect
i
on
with
the
childre
n
thr
ough
th
e
le
arn
in
g
m
at
erial
w
il
l
m
ake them
f
eel
less bo
rin
g
a
nd m
or
e to the
ex
ci
te
m
e
nt.
Id
e
ntifyi
ng
the
em
otion
al
res
pons
e
only
is
no
t
e
noug
h
to
create
an
inte
rest
to
t
he
chil
dr
e
n.
Since
e
m
otion
co
uld
no
t
be
def
i
ned
easi
ly
becau
se
on
e
em
otion
cou
l
d
be
go
od
f
or
c
hildr
e
n
to
create
an
inter
est
an
d
so
m
e
are
no
t,
dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
child
ren
personal
exp
e
rien
ce
and
pe
rs
pec
ti
ve.
To
cat
eg
ori
ze
the
e
m
otion
,
it
is
i
m
po
rtant
to
id
en
ti
fy
the
basic
le
vel
of
em
ot
ion
[
11]
.
Accord
i
ng
to
[
12]
,
hum
ans
exp
erie
nce
em
otion
throu
gh
evide
nce
that
cou
l
d
influe
nc
e
act
ion
,
thou
gh
ts
an
d
be
ha
viour
.
These
e
m
ot
ion
s
co
uld
be
cat
ego
rize
d
into
var
i
ou
s
e
ff
ect
s
,
wh
ic
h
co
rr
e
s
pond
to
the
c
urre
n
t
sit
uation
of
the
hum
an.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
by
identify
in
g
the
m
os
t
basic
le
vel
of
hum
an
em
oti
on
it
’s
c
ould
be
cat
e
gorized
acco
rd
i
ng
to
the
ai
m
of
our
r
esearc
h
w
hich
is
i
m
ple
m
enting
the
posit
ive
em
ot
ion
to
chil
dr
e
n.
T
he
ide
nt
ific
at
ion
of
t
hi
s
po
sit
ive
an
d
neg
at
iv
e
em
otion
is
necessa
ry so th
at
o
nly t
he
po
si
ti
ve
em
otion
wi
ll
b
e im
ple
m
e
nted
i
n
the
e
-
le
arn
i
ng appli
cat
ion
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
ap
proac
h
us
e
d
for
this
r
esearch
was
a
dap
te
d
from
t
he
em
otion
al
i
nterf
ace
m
et
ho
dolo
gy
by
Tzvetan
ova
in
2007.
Or
i
gina
ll
y,
the
e
m
ot
ion
al
inter
face
m
et
ho
do
l
og
y
researc
h
is
a
researc
h
m
e
t
hod
f
or
m
od
el
li
ng
an
e
m
ot
ion
al
ap
pra
isa
l
in
Use
r
I
nt
erf
ace.
As
earl
y
appro
ac
h,
it
has
ide
ntifie
d
so
m
e
us
er
inte
rf
ace
with em
otion
al
content a
nd
be
ing
ve
rified by
the expe
rt [13
]
.
Figure
1
sho
w
s
the
r
esea
rch
m
et
ho
d.
The
a
ppr
oach
c
onsis
ts
of
the
flo
w
of
t
he
resea
rc
h
and
eac
h
flo
w
co
ntain
it
s
own
researc
h
m
et
ho
d
that
a
ns
we
rs
the
rese
arch
quest
ion.
The
ph
ase
1
will
be
fo
c
us
in
g
on
t
he
creati
on
of
the
gu
ideli
ne
for
the
e
m
otion
al
interface
de
sig
n.
P
hase
2
is
the
dem
on
strat
ion
of
the
em
ot
ion
a
l
interface
w
here
the
i
nterf
a
ce
is
bei
ng
s
hown
in
f
or
m
of
e
-
le
a
rn
i
ng
a
pp
li
cat
io
n.
Fin
al
ly
,
ph
ase
3
is
the
e
m
otion
al
interface
eval
uation
wh
e
re
the
dev
el
ope
d
ap
plica
ti
on
is
evaluated
us
i
ng
the
qu
a
ntit
at
ive
and
qu
al
it
at
ive
m
e
thod.
T
he
qua
ntit
at
ive
m
et
ho
d
is
exec
ute
d
us
in
g
the
E
EG
dev
ic
e
w
hi
le
the
qual
it
at
ive
is
cond
ucted usi
ng a
n
a
dap
te
d K
or
t Em
otion
al
scal
e [14].
Figure
1.
Re
se
arch M
et
hod
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An a
pp
r
oach
in
cre
atin
g po
si
ti
ve emo
ti
on f
or chil
dr
e
n’s e
-
le
arnin
g ba
se
d on use
r
.
...
(
Ma
gr
ize
f G
asa
h)
1269
2.1.
Model
ing B
as
i
c Emo
tion
Be
fore
the
exe
cution
of
t
he
appr
oach
(F
i
gure
1)
in
creat
ing
t
he
po
sit
iv
e
em
otion
in
childre
n'
s
e
-
le
arn
in
g
us
e
r
i
nterf
ace
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
,
t
he
i
den
t
ific
at
ion
o
f
t
he
basic
em
otion
is
necessa
ry
to cr
eat
e
a
te
m
pla
te
for
the
cl
assifi
cat
ion
of
the
em
otion
into
po
sit
ive
em
otion
and
neg
at
i
ve
em
ot
ion
.
T
he
proce
dure
to
c
r
eat
e
a
tem
plate
to
classify
the
negat
ive
e
m
otion
and
posit
ive
e
m
otion
are
a
s
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
2.
Firstl
y,
the
m
od
el
li
ng
of
t
he
basic
em
otion
re
quired
th
e
res
ult
of
e
xperim
ents,
resea
rch
an
d
t
heory
from
the
prev
iou
s
stud
y.
T
he
li
st
of
the
acc
um
ulate
d
basic
em
otion
will
then
be
cl
assifi
ed
i
nt
o
posit
ive
an
d
neg
at
ive
em
otion
to
pro
du
ce
a tem
plate
to
i
den
ti
f
y a pa
rtic
ular
e
m
ot
ion
wh
et
he
r
it
is a
posit
ive or
neg
at
ive
e
m
ot
ion
.
Figure
2. Proce
dure t
o
I
de
ntif
y t
he
P
posit
ive and
Neg
at
ive
E
m
otion
Accor
ding
to
Edelste
i
n
(20
07)
a
nd
Ba
r
ret
(
2006)
[
11
]
-
[
12
]
,
it
is
necessar
y
to
ide
ntify
th
e
m
os
t
basic
e
m
otion
of
the
hu
m
an.
Table
1
sh
ows
the
a
dap
te
d
basic
e
m
ot
ion
from
t
hr
ee
res
earc
he
rs
accor
di
ng
to
their
fin
dings a
nd a
total
o
f
40 basi
c em
otion
w
il
l
be use
d.
Table
1.
40
Adapted Basic
E
m
ot
ion
So
u
rce,
Ye
ar
List of
Distin
ct E
m
o
tio
n
s
Bas
ic E
m
o
tio
n
Plu
tch
ik
(
2
0
0
1
)
[
1
5
],
8 E
m
o
tio
n
An
g
er,
Disg
u
st; Fe
ar;
Sad
n
ess
An
ticip
atio
n
; Jo
y
;
Su
rprise; T
rus
t
1
.
Ad
m
ir
atio
n
,
2
.
Ad
o
ration
,
3
.
Aest
h
etic,
Ap
p
recia
tio
n
,
4
.
A
m
u
se
m
en
t,
5. Ang
er,
6.
An
ticip
atio
n
,
7
.
A
n
x
iety
,
8
.
Ap
p
recia
tio
n
,
9
.
Awe,
1
0
.
Awk
wa
r
d
n
ess
,
1
1
.
Bo
redom
,
12
.
Co
n
te
m
p
t,
13
.
Cal
m
n
ess
,
1
4
.
Co
n
f
u
si
o
n
,
1
5
.
Crav
in
g
,
1
6
.
Disg
u
st, 17
.
Entran
ce
m
e
n
t,
1
8
.
E
m
p
ath
etic,
Pain,
1
9
.
Env
y
,
2
0
.
Excite
m
en
t,
2
1
.
Fear,
22
.
Gu
ilt,
23
.
Ho
rr
o
r,
24
.
In
t
erest,
2
5
.
Jo
y
,
2
6
.
No
stal
g
ia,
2
7
.
Pride,
28
.
Pleasu
re,
29
.
P
ity
,
3
0
.
Relief
,
3
1
.
Ro
m
a
n
ce,
3
2
.
Sad
n
ess
,
3
3
.
Satisf
actio
n
,
3
4
.
Sh
am
e
,
35
.
Sex
u
al des
ire,
36
.
Su
rprise, 37
.
S
y
m
p
ath
y
,
3
8
.
Tend
erness
,
3
9
.
T
riu
m
p
h
,
4
0
.T
rus
t
Sach
arin (20
1
2
)
[
1
6
],
20
E
m
o
tio
n
An
g
er;
Interest;
A
m
u
se
m
en
t;
Pr
id
e
; Jo
y
;
Pleasu
re;
T
en
d
erness
;
Awe; Relief
; Surp
r
ise
No
stalg
ia; Pity
;
Sad
n
ess
; Fear
; Sha
m
e
;
Gu
ilt; Reg
ret;
Env
y
;
Disg
u
st; Co
n
te
m
p
t
Co
wen
(
2
0
1
7
)
[
1
7
],
27
E
m
o
tio
n
Ad
m
iration
; Ado
ra
tio
n
;
Aesth
etic,
Ap
p
re
ci
atio
n
;
A
m
u
se
m
en
t;
An
x
iety
;
Awe; A
wk
wardn
e
ss
;
Bo
redo
m
;
Cal
m
n
e
ss
;
Co
n
fus
io
n
; Craving;
Disg
u
st; E
m
p
ath
et
ic,
Pain
Entran
ce
m
en
t;
E
n
v
y
;
Excite
m
en
t;
Fear
;
Ho
rr
o
r;
Interest; Jo
y
;
No
stalg
ia; Ro
m
an
ce;
Sad
n
ess
; Satisf
actio
n
;
Sex
u
al des
ire;
Sy
m
p
ath
y
;
Tr
iu
m
p
h
Nex
t,
a
fter
th
e
basic
em
otion
hav
e
bee
n
ide
ntifie
d,
t
he
em
otions
nee
d
to
be
cl
assifi
ed
so
that
it
is
po
s
sible
to
dis
ti
ng
uis
h
bet
we
en
the
po
sit
iv
e
e
m
otion
an
d
the
ne
gative
e
m
otion
.
Si
nc
e
the
us
e
r
interface
desig
n
both
co
uld
m
ake
the
us
er
feel
a
po
s
it
ive
em
otion
and
ne
gative
e
m
ot
ion
s,
cl
assify
ing
these
em
otions
are
the
pri
ori
ty
befor
e
pr
oce
edin
g
to
the
ne
xt
ste
p.
T
he
cl
assifi
cat
ion
of
the
basic
e
m
ot
ion
s
i
nto
posit
ive
e
m
otion
an
d
ne
gative
em
otion
in
Table
1
is
po
ssi
ble
by
app
ly
in
g
the
te
m
pla
te
create
d
by
Rob
ins
on
(20
08)
[18].
Ta
ble
2
s
hows
the
cl
assi
ficat
ion
of
the
basic
em
otion
into
po
sit
ive
e
m
ot
ion
an
d
ne
gative
em
otion.
Table
2
will
be
us
ed
as
the
te
m
plate
to
cl
assify
t
he
em
otion
from
the
use
r
i
nterf
a
ce
desi
gn
after
the
data
ha
ve
bee
n
colle
ct
ed.
Table
2
s
hows
the
basic
em
otion
i
n
Ta
ble
1
bei
ng
cl
ass
ifie
d
into
posit
ive
e
m
otion
a
nd
ne
gativ
e
e
m
otion
.
T
he
basic
em
otion
was
cl
assifi
ed
by
unde
rsta
nd
i
ng
the
ty
pe
of
em
otion
and
cl
assifi
e
d
it
into
po
sit
ive or
ne
ga
ti
ve
em
otion
.
Fo
r
exam
ple,
the
em
otion
tha
t
relat
ed
to o
bj
ect
prop
e
rtie
s
c
ou
l
d
s
how
a po
sit
ive
e
m
otion
to
stu
den
ts
w
he
n
the
y
interest
ed
in
le
arn
in
g
ne
w
thin
gs
in
sch
ool,
wh
il
e
a
neg
at
ive
e
m
otion
co
uld
be
the
bore
do
m
t
hat
the
stud
e
nt
s
exp
e
riencin
g
du
ri
ng
the
cl
a
ss.
Othe
r
ty
pes
of
em
otion
s
that
include
d
a
re
the
fu
t
ur
e a
ppraisa
l, eve
nt
-
relat
e
d, sel
f
-
ap
pr
ai
sal
,
so
ci
al
, a
nd cat
hected.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
2
6
7
–
1
2
7
3
1270
Table
2.
Cl
assi
ficat
ion
of Bas
ic
E
m
otion
(Po
sit
ive v
s
Ne
gative E
m
otion
s
)
Kin
d
of
E
m
o
tio
n
Po
sitiv
e E
m
o
tio
n
Neg
ativ
e E
m
o
tio
n
Related
to o
b
ject
p
rop
erties
1
.
Ad
m
ir
atio
n
,
2
.
Ad
o
ration
,
3
.
Aest
h
etic App
recia
tio
n
,
9
.
Awe,
4. Cr
av
in
g
1
6
.
Disg
u
st
2
4
.
Interest
1
1
.
Bo
redo
m
4
.
A
m
u
se
m
en
t,
3
6
.
Surp
rise
2
3
.
Ho
rr
o
r
Fu
tu
re
Ap
p
raisal
2
0
.
Excite
m
en
t,
30
.
Relief
2
1
.
Fear,
7. Anx
iet
y
,
2
2
.
Gu
ilt
6
.
An
ticip
atio
n
1
4
.
Co
n
fus
io
n
,
1
0
.
Awk
wardn
ess
Even
t
-
Related
2
5
.
Jo
y
,
3
9
.
T
riu
m
p
h
,
2
8
.
Pleasu
re
5
.
An
g
er
3
3
.
Satisf
actio
n
,
1
7
.
Entran
ce
m
en
t
3
2
.
Sad
n
ess
,
2
6
.
N
o
stalg
ia
Self
-
Ap
p
raisal
1
3
.
Cal
m
n
ess
2
7
.
Pride
3
4
.
Sh
a
m
e
3
5
.
Sex
u
al Desire
So
cial
1
9
.
Env
y
3
7
.
Sy
m
p
ath
y
,
2
9
.
Pity, 3
8
.
Tend
erne
ss
,
1
8
.
E
m
p
ath
eti
c
Pain
8
.
Ap
p
recia
tio
n
1
2
.
Co
n
te
m
p
t
Cath
ected
3
1
.
Ro
m
an
ce
,
4
0
.
Tr
u
st
2.2.
Guidel
ine Cre
at
i
on
fo
r
Emo
tional In
terf
ac
e
The
gu
i
deline
for
the
Em
otion
al
I
nterf
ac
e
is
act
ually
the
U
ser
I
nter
face
D
esi
gn
t
hat
sig
ni
ficant
with
the
hum
an
e
m
otion.
I
n
ot
her
words,
the
e
m
ot
ion
al
interf
ace
is
the
us
er
interface
design
t
hat
has
em
otiona
l
value
in
it
w
he
re
it
cou
l
d
in
flue
nce
us
e
rs
t
o
f
eel
s
om
e
e
m
ot
ion
.
T
he
c
on
st
ru
ct
io
n
of
the
guideli
ne
r
equ
i
red
so
m
e
literat
ure
rev
ie
w
from
the
existi
ng
theo
ry
to
unde
rstan
d
the
na
ture
of
em
oti
on
al
c
onnecti
on
a
nd
e
m
otion
al
des
ign
.
T
he
ide
nt
ific
at
ion
of
e
m
otion
-
el
ic
it
ing
c
onditi
ons
is
necessary
fo
r
t
he
theo
reti
cal
fou
nd
at
io
n
of
the
resea
rch.
Fo
r
the
co
ns
t
ru
c
ti
on
of
an
em
otion
al
us
er
inte
rf
ace,
it
is
appropr
ia
te
to
bor
row
a
su
it
ably
la
rg
e,
agr
ee
d
up
on
theo
ry,
w
hich
can
be
a
dap
t
ed
f
or
desig
n
pur
po
ses
[13].
The
exec
utio
n
an
d
proce
dure
of phase
1
a
re sh
own
as i
n
Fi
gur
e 3
.
Figure
3. Proce
dure
of D
at
a
C
ollec
ti
on
The
pr
ocedu
re
sta
rts
with
an
In
te
nsi
ve
li
te
r
at
ur
e
re
view
on
us
e
r
inter
fac
e
desig
n
an
d
i
ts
exp
ect
e
d
e
m
otion
a
ppra
isa
l.
Ne
xt,
the
quest
io
nn
ai
re
was
create
d
base
d
on
the
li
te
ratur
e
rev
ie
w
a
dap
te
d
fro
m
[1
3].
The
n,
t
he
ques
ti
on
nai
res
will
be
us
e
d
t
o
e
xe
cuted
the
dat
a
colle
ct
ion.
O
nce
t
he
data
ha
ve
bee
n
gathe
red,
it
was
a
naly
sed
a
nd
cl
assi
fied
i
nto
posit
ive
an
d
ne
gative
em
otion
acc
ordi
ng
to
the
te
m
plate
in
Table
2.
Last
ly,
the
guideli
ne
was
pro
du
ce
d
wh
e
re
it
co
ns
i
sts
of
us
e
r
int
erf
ace
desi
gn
t
hat
co
uld
pro
duce
po
sit
ive
e
m
ot
ion
appraisal
.
The
colle
ct
ion
of
this
theo
ry
will
be
us
ed
as
the
qu
est
io
nn
ai
re
qu
e
sti
on
an
d
the
ex
pected
use
r
will
rate
it
accor
di
ng
to
w
hat
the
y
felt
wh
e
n
t
he
y
see
the
desi
gn
w
her
e
s
ome
data
need
to
be
c
ollec
te
d.
This
to
ens
ur
e
t
hat
the
theo
ry
only
focusin
g
on
sin
gle
em
otion
on
ly
.
A
fter
the
data
colle
ct
ion
is
done
,
the
em
otion
is
then
bei
ng
cl
as
sifie
d
into
posi
ti
ve
and
ne
gative
em
otion
.
Last
ly
,
the
resu
lt
of
the
posit
ive
e
m
otion
is
ta
ken
to
create
the
guid
el
ine where
it
is free f
r
om
n
eg
at
ive em
otion
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An a
pp
r
oach
in
cre
atin
g po
si
ti
ve emo
ti
on f
or chil
dr
e
n’s e
-
le
arnin
g ba
se
d on use
r
.
...
(
Ma
gr
ize
f G
asa
h)
1271
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
data
colle
ct
ion
was
e
xec
uted
in
tw
o
di
ff
e
ren
t
locat
io
ns
withi
n
Saba
h;
1.
K
ota
Ma
rud
u,
an
d
2.
Ko
ta
Kina
balu.
These
locat
io
ns
we
re
sel
ect
ed
beca
us
e
m
os
t
of
the
c
hildr
e
n
he
re
al
rea
dy
expose
d
to
the
la
te
st
te
chnolo
gy
su
c
h
as
iPad
an
d
Androi
d
Tab
a
nd
they
co
uld
re
spond
an
d
un
der
sta
nd
m
os
t
of
the q
uestio
n
asked.
Othe
r
tha
n
tha
t,
two
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
ns
w
ere
us
e
d
durin
g
the
data
coll
ect
ion
wer
e
“
Au
ti
m
o”
and
“Ki
ds
Pr
esc
hool
Lea
r
ning
G
am
es”.
These
t
wo
m
ob
il
e
ap
plica
ti
on
s
wer
e
us
e
d
be
cause
it
co
uld
help
t
he
te
ach
ers
an
d
the
stud
e
nts
to
under
sta
nd
t
he
us
er
inter
fac
e
desig
n.
Be
sides,
the
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
al
so
co
nsi
sts
of
featu
re
s
and
le
arn
in
g
m
at
erial
that
m
ay
help
the
te
ache
rs
about
wha
t
sub
j
ect
that
c
ould
help
t
he
c
hild
r
en
unde
rstan
d
m
or
e
in their
stu
dies.
3.1.
Part
ic
ip
ants
A
total
of
11
3
respo
nd
e
nts were
in
vo
l
ved
i
n
the
inter
view
f
or
t
he
guideli
ne
creati
on
o
f
t
he
e
m
otion
al
interface
desi
gn
acc
ordin
g
t
o
theo
ry
an
d
que
sti
onnaire
a
da
pt
ed.
T
he
res
pond
e
nts
i
nvolv
e
d
wer
e
child
re
n
a
nd
the
te
achers
.
13
of
the
respo
ndents
wer
e
te
a
cher
s
a
nd
10
0
of
th
e
rest
we
r
e
childre
n
between
t
he
age
of
4
to
5
ye
ars
old.
T
he
gende
r
of
the re
sponde
nt
was
58
f
em
al
e
and
55
m
al
e.
This
inclu
des
the 12 f
em
al
e
te
acher
s
an
d
1
m
al
e
te
acher
and
t
he
re
st
is
the
kinde
rg
a
rt
en
child
re
n.
N
ext,
the
res
pondents'
race
c
onsist
s
about
80
Du
s
un
Ethn
ic
,
10
Ma
la
y,
5
Ka
daza
n
Eth
nic,
5
R
ungus
Eth
nic,
4
Ba
j
a
u,
3
B
ugis,
2
Br
un
ei
,
2
I
ba
n,
1
Sin
o
and
1
Ti
m
or
.
3.2.
Emoti
onal In
t
erfa
ce
Guideli
ne
The
resu
lt
of
t
he
U
ser
In
te
rfac
e
an
d
the
e
m
ot
ion
that
it
cou
l
d
trig
ge
r
is
show
n
as
i
n
Table
3.
T
he
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
pe
rc
entage
was
th
e
resu
lt
of
the
e
m
otion
al
res
pons
e
t
hat
has
been
sel
ect
ed
by
the
res
pondent
s
durin
g
the
inte
rv
ie
w
an
d
t
he
qu
e
sti
onnaire
.
The
highest
f
re
qu
e
ncy
per
ce
nt
age
was
c
ho
se
n
becau
se
a
lot
of
the
respo
nd
e
nts
c
hoose
that
par
ti
cular
em
otion
with
the
res
pec
ti
ve
us
e
r
inter
f
ace
desi
gn.
T
he
em
otion
al
re
sp
onse
resu
lt
with
the
resp
ect
ive
us
er
interface
desi
gn
then
will
be
cl
assifi
ed
into
neg
at
ive
a
nd
posi
ti
ve
em
otio
n.
T
he
neg
at
ive
em
otion
al
res
po
ns
e
has
to
be
a
voided
in
orde
r
to
m
ake
the
childre
n
interest
e
d
in
le
arn
in
g
be
cause
childre
n
do
not
interest
ed
in
things
that
c
on
fu
si
ng
an
d
ha
r
d
for
th
em
to
unde
rstan
d.
Th
is
co
uld
ca
us
e
thei
r
fo
c
us
a
nd
i
nter
est
gone
.
T
he
po
sit
ive
em
otion
will
be
sel
e
ct
ed
to
create
t
he
guideli
ne
.
T
his
posit
ive
e
m
ot
ion
was
ch
os
e
n
be
cause
the
ai
m
in
this
researc
h
is
to
pr
od
uc
e
the
e
m
otion
al
con
necti
on
(t
he
posit
ive
em
otion
cou
l
d
m
ake
it
po
s
sible)
am
on
g
t
he
c
hildr
e
n
a
nd
t
o
m
ake
they
are
inte
r
est
ed
in
le
ar
ni
ng
after
t
hey
us
e
the
app
li
cat
io
n.
Table
3.
Res
ult o
f
the
u
se
r
i
nterf
ace
desi
gn
with the
em
oti
on
al
res
pons
e
User I
n
te
rf
ace
Desig
n
Desig
n
1
)
La
y
o
u
t
a)
Fo
llo
w Stand
ard
L
a
y
o
u
t
-
Excit
e
m
en
t (
6
5
.5%
);
b
)
Us
e Gr
id
-
Inte
rest (
6
0
.2%
);
c)
More
Wh
itesp
ace
-
Bo
redo
m
(
4
7
.8%
);
d) Potrait
-
Ad
m
ir
atio
n
(
5
3
.1%
);
e)
L
an
d
scap
e
-
Cal
m
n
e
ss
(
5
0
.4%
);
f
)
Co
m
p
lex
Lay
o
u
t
-
Co
n
f
u
sion (69
.9%
)
2
)
Co
lo
u
r
a)
Red
-
Energ
y
(
3
6
.3%
);
b
)
O
rang
e
-
Excite
m
en
t (
2
7
.4
%); c) Yello
w
-
Ha
p
p
y
(
5
9
.3%
);
d
)
Gr
een
-
Natu
ral
(70
.8%
);
e
)
Pu
rple
-
W
isd
o
m
(31
.0%
);
f
)
Blu
e
-
Co
ld
(
4
6
.9%
);
g
)
P
in
k
-
Fe
m
in
in
e
(47
.8%
);
h
)
Bro
wn
-
E
arthy
(
5
0
.4%
);
i)
Bla
ck
-
E
v
il (
5
0
.4%
);
j)
W
h
i
te
-
Cle
an
(
7
2
.6%
);
k) Grey
-
Neu
tral
(50
.4%
)
3
)
T
y
p
ef
ace
a)
Palat
in
o
-
Inte
re
st (59
.3%
);
b
)
Hel
v
etica
-
S
ti
m
u
lated
(
3
9
.8%
);
c)
PAP
-
Interest
(50
.4%
);
d
)
Taho
m
a
-
Jo
y
(51
.3%
);
e)
Arial
Nar
row
-
Rel
ief
(
4
5
.1%
);
f
)
Co
m
i
c S
an
s Ms
-
Exc
ited
(
5
4
.0%
);
g
)
C
h
iller
-
Fear
(55
.8%
);
h
)
Felix
Titling
-
Ad
m
iratio
n
(
4
4
.2%
)
Table
4
s
hows
the
cl
assifi
cat
ion
of
po
sit
ive
an
d
neg
at
iv
e
e
m
otion
base
d
on
the
res
ult
of
t
he
data
colle
ct
ion
.
T
he
25
ty
pes
of
use
r
inter
faces
desig
n
was
groupe
d
acco
rd
i
ng
to
t
he
sam
e
or
nea
rest
em
otion
a
l
respo
ns
e
that
has
the
sam
e
m
eaning
.
T
his
is
an
i
m
po
r
ta
nt
process
befor
e
the
em
oti
on
c
ou
l
d
be
c
le
arly
cl
assifi
ed.
T
he
resu
lt
of
the
c
la
ssific
at
ion
s
hows
that
the
re
are
19
disti
nc
t
e
m
otion
al
res
pons
es
.
F
our
of
the
e
m
otion
are
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
a
neg
at
iv
e
em
otion
an
d
s
houl
d
be
re
j
ect
ed
from
the
li
st
i
n
the
gu
i
deli
ne
.
Th
e
e
m
otion
inclu
des
bore
dom
,
conf
us
io
n,
Evi
l,
and
fea
r.
T
he
oth
e
r
15
em
ot
ion
s
co
ns
i
der
e
d
as
the
posit
ive
e
m
otion
. T
he
c
la
ssific
at
ion
of this em
otion
i
nto
posit
ive a
nd
neg
at
ive
are
base
d on Table
2
.
Table
4.
Cl
assi
ficat
ion
of the
Em
otion
(
P
os
it
ive
vs
Neg
at
iv
e Em
otion
)
Categ
o
ry
of
E
m
o
ti
o
n
Neg
ativ
e
Po
sitiv
e
Bo
redo
m
;
Co
n
f
u
si
o
n
; E
v
il; Fear
Excite
m
en
t,
E
x
cite
d
; I
n
terest; Ad
m
ira
tio
n
; Cal
m
n
ess
;
E
n
ergy;
Hap
p
y
,
Jo
y
;
Natu
ral;
W
isd
o
m
; Co
ld
; Fe
m
in
in
e;
E
a
rthy;
Cl
ean;
Neutral;
Sti
m
u
lated
; Relief
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
2
6
7
–
1
2
7
3
1272
The
gui
deline
f
or
the
em
otional
interface
de
s
ign
was
create
d
base
d
on
t
he
resu
lt
of
the
quest
ionnaire
and
t
he
cl
assif
ic
at
ion
of
the
e
m
otion
into
posit
ive
em
otion
an
d
neg
at
ive
e
m
otion
.
T
he
e
m
otion
the
n
f
il
te
red
base
d on the e
m
ot
ion
al
r
e
spo
ns
e a
nd the
ty
pe
of inter
faces
desig
n. The
gu
ideli
ne
create
d as sh
own
in Ta
ble 5.
Table
5
s
how
s
the
guideli
ne
t
hat
co
ns
ist
s
of
e
m
otion
s,
la
yo
ut,
col
our
a
nd
ty
pef
ace.
T
he
e
m
otion
s
in
this
guideli
ne
act
as
the
basi
c
e
m
otion
that
the
desi
gn
e
rs
wan
t
the
c
hild
ren
t
o
feel.
S
o,
they
co
uld
a
pp
ly
it
accor
ding
to
wh
at
ty
pe
of
interface
desig
n
that
avail
ab
le
.
Fo
r
e
xam
ple,
to
el
ic
it
e
xcitem
ent
e
m
otion
a
l
respo
ns
e
in
chi
ldre
n
em
otion
,
the
interface
de
sign
that
co
uld
be
im
ple
m
ented
in
the
us
er
interface
are
f
ol
low
the
sta
nd
a
rd
l
ay
ou
t,
us
i
ng
oran
ge
col
our
or
us
e
Com
ic
Sans
Ms
as
its
ty
pef
ace.
Th
e
gu
ideli
ne
c
ould
be
app
li
ed
base
d
on
t
he
desi
gne
r
intenti
on
a
nd
the
ty
pe
of
e
m
ot
ion
de
sig
ne
rs
wa
nt
to
el
ic
it
especial
ly
c
hildr
e
n
e
m
otion
.
Table
5.
G
uid
e
li
ne
f
or
t
he
Em
otion
al
I
nterf
ac
e D
esi
gn
No
E
m
o
tio
n
s
In
terface Desig
n
Lay
o
u
t
Co
lo
u
r
Ty
p
ef
ace
1
Excite
m
en
t,
E
x
cite
d
Fo
llo
w Stand
ard L
ay
o
u
t
Orang
e
Co
m
i
c Sans
Ms
2
Interest
Use Grid
-
Palatin
o
,
PAP
3
Ad
m
iration
Po
rtr
ait
-
Felix
T
itlin
g
4
Cal
m
n
ess
Land
scap
e
-
-
5
Energy
-
Red
-
6
Hap
p
y
,
Jo
y
-
Yello
w
Taho
m
a
7
Natu
ral
-
Gree
n
-
8
W
isd
o
m
-
Pu
rple
-
9
Co
ld
-
Blu
e
-
10
Fe
m
in
in
e
-
Pin
k
-
11
Ear
th
y
-
Bro
wn
-
12
Clean
-
W
h
ite
-
13
Neu
tral
-
Gre
y
-
14
Sti
m
u
lated
-
Helv
etica
15
Relief
-
Arial
Nar
row
3.3.
Adaptable
Fe
at
u
res
The
a
dap
ta
ble
featur
e
s
that
ha
ve
bee
n
s
ugges
te
d
by
the
te
ac
her
s
a
nd
child
r
en
are
im
po
rta
nt
to
set
the
char
act
e
risti
c
of
the
e
-
le
ar
ni
ng
ap
plica
ti
on.
The
feat
ur
es
that
s
uggeste
d
by
the
te
ache
r
s
are
au
dio
abl
e
ta
sk
,
Tah
om
a
ty
pef
ace
or
Ce
nt
ury
Go
thic,
bili
nguals
(Mal
ay
and
E
ngli
sh
)
,
few
le
ar
ning
con
te
nts
an
d
ty
pe
of
gr
a
phic
al
design.
The
te
ac
he
r
sug
gested
a
udio
a
ble
ta
sk
be
cause
m
os
t
of
the
childre
n
within
that
a
ge
do
no
t
know how
to
r
ead.
T
he
childr
en
barel
y kn
ow how
to
ta
lk an
d
the
on
ly
th
ing
that can ma
ke
them
u
nd
e
rstan
d
is
by
giv
in
g
t
hem
the
ta
sk
with
r
eal
vo
ic
e
or
a
udio.
T
he
voic
e
sh
oul
d
be
a
rea
l
hu
m
an
vo
ic
e
and
no
t
r
obotic
li
ke
vo
ic
e
as
the
te
achers
m
ention
becau
se
the
childre
n
m
ay
no
t
unde
rstan
d
the
ta
sk
gi
ven.
Ne
xt,
the
f
ont
sty
le
that
the
te
ac
he
r
rec
omm
end
ed
is
ei
the
r
Ta
hom
a
or
C
ent
ury
Go
t
hic,
beca
us
e
t
hat
f
on
t
is
cl
ear
a
nd
easi
er
to
be
read
by
the
c
hildr
e
n.
I
n
a
dd
it
i
on,
the
te
ac
her
al
so
stresses
t
hat
us
e
font
th
at
easi
es
fo
r
t
he
childre
n
to
re
ad
an
d
the
“a”
sho
uld
be
use
d
i
ns
te
ad
of
”a”.
The
bili
nguals
la
ngua
ge
featu
re
al
so
inclu
de
d
because
not
al
l
of
t
he
childre
n
unde
r
sta
nd
En
glish
because
their
na
ti
ve
la
ngua
ge
is
Ma
la
y.
The
le
arn
in
g
c
onte
nt
sho
uld
i
nclu
de
th
e
current
syl
la
bus
for
kinde
rg
a
rtens
wit
h
4
-
5
ye
ars
old
suc
h
as
rem
e
m
be
rin
g
Alpha
bet,
Nu
m
ber
,
S
ha
pe
an
d
Colo
ur
.
Fi
nally
,
th
e
bac
kgr
ound
or
t
he
picture
of
t
he
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
hould
be
a
cart
oon
drawi
ng
an
d
not
a
real
hu
m
an
i
m
age
because
this
cou
l
d
at
tract
the
childre
n
at
te
ntion.
D
ur
i
ng
t
he
inter
view,
t
he
te
acher
s
press
that
too
m
uch
le
ar
ning
f
or
the
c
hildr
e
n
will
m
ake
them
lose
fo
c
us
in
le
ar
ning.
T
his
bec
ause
the
du
rati
on
of
childre
n
f
ocus
is
ver
y
sh
ort
only
between
3
-
5
m
inu
te
on
ly
.
If
the
te
achin
g
m
e
tho
d
is
interest
ing
the
c
hi
ldren
will
li
ste
n
m
or
e, if n
ot the c
hi
ldre
n wil
l get bore
d
a
nd
play
w
it
h wh
at
e
ver
they
w
a
nt.
3.4.
Next
De
velop
ment P
h
as
e
The
c
on
te
nt
of
the
m
ob
il
e
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
will
be
de
velo
pe
d
accor
ding
to
the
re
qu
irem
ents
from
the
respo
nd
e
nts
duri
ng
t
he
data
colle
ct
ion
.
Other
t
han
t
hat,
so
m
e
of
the
r
esults
from
the
gu
i
deline
an
d
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
m
et
ho
d
will
be
ap
plied
in
t
he
de
ve
lo
pm
ent
.
N
or
m
an
(
2002)
[
19
]
,
sta
te
d
that
the
us
er
i
nt
erf
ace
was
the
desig
n
of
the
syst
em
on
it
s
interfac
e
le
vel
on
s
howing
how
t
he
interface
inte
ra
ct
s
accor
ding
to
the
process
a
nd
th
e
functi
onal
it
y
of
t
he
syst
em
.
Accor
ding
to
the
m
od
ule
of
the
ap
plica
ti
on,
it
con
sist
s
of
a
few
requirem
ents
that
nee
d
to
be
f
ull
fill
ed.
T
he
us
e
r
inte
rf
ac
e
desi
gn
base
d
on
the
re
quire
m
ents
of
the
s
yst
e
m
fo
ll
owe
d
by
th
e
us
e
case
des
cripti
on.
Finall
y,
the
storyboa
rd
will
exp
la
in
how
the
ap
plica
ti
on
w
orks.
The
e
-
le
arn
in
g
ap
plic
at
i
on
will
cons
ist
of
10
cha
pters
w
her
e
eac
h
chap
te
r
ha
d
it
s
own
le
arn
i
ng
m
at
erial
and
quiz
zes.
Fo
r
e
xam
ple, f
ro
m
the “
Ho
m
e Pag
e
”, they c
an
be direct
ed t
o
a chap
te
r
suc
h
as cha
pter o
ne,
Unit
1
that
had
it
s
own
sub
-
t
opic
that
childre
n
ne
ed
to
m
ast
er
su
ch
as
the
sm
e
ll
,
so
und
an
d
ta
ste
.
Af
te
r
the
childre
n
le
arn
so
m
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An a
pp
r
oach
in
cre
atin
g po
si
ti
ve emo
ti
on f
or chil
dr
e
n’s e
-
le
arnin
g ba
se
d on use
r
.
...
(
Ma
gr
ize
f G
asa
h)
1273
of
the
obje
ct
s,
nex
t
they
will
be
t
hen
di
rected
to
a
quiz
int
erf
ace
a
nd
w
he
n
it
did
,
it
wil
l
show
the
res
ult
an
d
back
to
“
H
ome
Page
”
.
T
he
e
-
le
arn
i
ng
s
ubje
ct
was
ea
rly
sci
ence
f
or
kin
de
r
gar
te
n
or
in
Ma
la
y
Sain
s
Awa
l
PraSekol
ah
.
T
his
subj
ect
wa
s
sel
ect
ed
bec
ause
it
cou
l
d
im
ple
m
ent
al
l
t
he
le
arn
i
ng
fe
at
ur
es
a
nd
m
ater
ia
ls
accor
ding
t
o
t
he
requirem
ents
inclu
ding
A
lph
a
bets,
N
umbers
,
C
olours,
Sh
a
pes,
an
d
D
raw
i
ng.
Eac
h
of
th
e
le
arn
in
g
feat
ures
consi
st
of
it
s
own
ta
sk
s
a
nd
quiz
zes,
pr
act
ic
e
and
ga
m
e.
This
to
en
su
re
t
hat
the
childr
e
n
cou
l
d
m
ast
er an
d rem
e
m
ber
the s
ubj
ect
w
he
n
they
us
e
the
e
-
le
arn
i
ng a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
AND
F
UT
U
RE W
ORKS
This
pap
e
r
has
pr
e
sente
d
a
n
appr
oach
i
n
c
r
eat
ing
po
sit
ive
em
otion
for
c
hildr
e
n’s
e
-
le
a
rn
i
ng
us
i
ng
us
er
i
nterfac
e
desig
n.
With
out
a
pro
pe
r
m
et
hod
or
a
ppr
oa
ch
in
c
reati
ng
a
us
er
inter
fa
ce
that
co
uld
el
ic
it
a
po
sit
ive
em
oti
on
to
c
hildr
e
n,
it
wil
l
be
a
ver
y
chall
eng
i
ng
ta
sk
.
This
pa
pe
r
has
achie
ve
d
the
aim
,
wh
e
re
the
gu
i
deline
creat
ed
co
uld
be
use
d
as
gui
dan
ce
or
te
m
plate
fo
r
the
dev
el
op
e
r
to
de
sig
n
an
app
li
cat
io
n
wit
h
th
e
po
sit
ive
em
oti
on
of
us
er
inte
r
face
desi
gn.
S
ince
the
sco
pe
of
t
his
researc
h
on
ly
fo
c
us
in
g
on
child
re
n
be
twee
n
the
age
of
4
-
5
ye
ars
old
a
nd
creati
ng
a
n
e
-
l
earn
i
ng
a
ppli
cat
ion
that
co
ul
d
create
a
po
si
ti
ve
e
m
otion
t
ow
a
r
ds
the
childre
n,
t
he
ex
pected
outc
om
es
of
this
researc
h
are
the
e
-
le
ar
ning
app
li
cat
io
n
co
uld
m
ake
the
childre
n
m
or
e
interest
ed
in
s
ch
ool
an
d
see
le
ar
ning
as
fun
a
nd
eas
y
thing
s
.
Be
sid
es,
resea
rc
her
and
desi
gn
e
r
c
ou
l
d
use
this
ap
proac
h
to
ide
ntify
the
inten
ded
em
otion
to
be
in
cl
ud
e
d
i
n
their
stud
ie
s
or
de
ve
lop
m
ent.
For
fu
t
ur
e
works,
the
de
velo
pm
ent
of
the
e
-
le
arn
i
ng
app
li
cat
ion
w
il
l
be
synchr
onise
d
wit
h
the
e
m
otion
al
interfac
e
gu
i
deline
as
m
ention
in
th
e
phase
tw
o.
This
cou
ld
be
done
by
including
the
desi
gn
in
th
e
prototype
of
the
e
-
le
arn
in
g
ap
plica
ti
on
an
d
the
em
ot
ion
that
fo
c
us
es
on
child
re
n
only
.
Af
te
r
the
prototype ha
s
been
de
velo
ped,
it
will
b
e evaluat
ed
us
i
ng
tw
o m
et
ho
ds, as m
ention
i
n
the th
ird
phase
of
th
e researc
h
ap
proach. Th
e
first m
et
ho
d
is
us
ing
Ele
ct
r
oen
ce
phal
ogra
ph
y
(E
EG
)
de
vice
and
Kort
Scal
e
Ra
ti
ng
.
This
to
ens
ur
e
wh
et
her
the
guideli
ne
reall
y cou
l
d
c
r
eat
e p
osi
ti
ve
e
m
ot
ion
s t
o
the
us
er
or
not.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C.
R.
S.
D.
Fig
uei
red
o
and
F.
V.
Dias
,
“
Fam
ilies:
Inf
lue
nc
es
i
n
Chil
dre
n
’s
De
vel
opm
ent
and
Beha
viour
,
From
Pare
nts a
nd
T
eache
rs’ Point
of V
ie
w
,”
Psyc
ho
lo
gy
R
ese
arch
,
v
ol
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ss
ue:
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(
12
)
,
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693
-
705
,
2012
.
[2]
Seli
gm
an
M.
,
“
Flourish:
A
visi
onar
y
new
und
e
rstandi
ng
of
ha
ppine
ss
and
we
l
l
-
bei
ng
,”
Fre
e
P
ress
,
New
York
,
2011
.
[3]
B.
L.
Fredr
ic
kso
n,
et
a
l.
,
“
Open
hea
rts
bui
ld
li
v
e
s:
Pos
it
ive
emoti
ons,
induc
ed
thr
ough
lovi
ng
-
kin
dness
m
edi
ta
ti
on
,
buil
d
conse
quen
ti
al
per
sona
l
res
ourc
es
,”
Journal
of
P
ersonality
a
nd
Soci
al
Psy
ch
ology
,
vol/is
sue:
95(5),
pp
.
10
-
45
,
2008
.
[4]
K.
J.
Johns
on,
et al
.
,
“
Sm
il
ing
Pr
edi
c
ts br
oad
ene
d
attentio
n
,”
Unp
ubli
shed
m
anusc
ript
,
2006
.
[5]
C.
W
rote
n
,
“
Emotiona
l
Eng
age
m
ent
:
How
Pos
it
iv
e
a
nd
Nega
ti
ve
Emotions Affe
ct e
L
ea
rn
ing
,”
201
5.
[6]
D.
A.
Norm
an,
“
Emotiona
l
Desig
n:
W
h
y
we love
(or
hate) Ever
y
d
a
y
Th
ings
,”
Basi
c
Book
,
New Yo
rk
,
2004
.
[7]
P.
M.
A.
Desm
et
,
et
a
l.
,
“
Emotiona
l
Design;
Applic
a
ti
on
of
a
Rese
arc
h
-
B
a
sed
Design
Approac
h
,”
Spring
er
Nethe
rl
ands
,
20
07.
[8]
N.
Mill
ard
,
“
Lea
rning
from
the
‘
wow
’
fac
tor
–
h
ow
to
enga
g
e
cu
stom
ers
through
the
d
esign
of
ef
fec
t
ive
aff
e
ct
iv
e
customer
exp
erienc
es
,”
BT
Tech
nology
Journal
,
vol/
issue:
24(1)
,
pp.
11
–
16
,
2006
.
[9]
M.
F.
As
hby
an
d
K
.
Johns
on
,
“
Mate
ri
al
s
and
d
esign:
the
ar
t
an
d
scie
nce
of
m
ateri
a
l
select
ion
in
produc
t
design
,”
Butt
erwort
h
-
He
i
nemann,
2013
.
[10]
P.
Sm
it
h
,
“
Design
for
Coll
abor
at
iv
e
Consum
pti
on
–
W
hat
ca
n
emotiona
l
D
esig
n
Teac
h
us
a
bo
ut
atta
chment
a
nd
val
ue
in
a
Shari
ng
Ec
onom
y?
”
Depa
rtment
of
P
roduc
t
Design
,
Norw
egi
an
Uner
ve
rsit
y
of
Sci
ence
and
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
,
2008.
[11]
R.
S.
Ede
lst
ei
n
a
nd
P.
R.
Shaver
,
“
A
Cros
s
-
Cult
ura
l
Exa
m
in
at
ion
of
Le
xi
ca
l
Studi
es
of
Self
-
Conscious
Emotions
,”
The
self
-
consc
io
us e
motions:
Th
eory
and
r
ese
arc
h
,
pp
.
194
-
208
,
2007
.
[12]
L.
F.
Barr
ett,
“
Are
Emotions N
atural
Kinds
?
”
Sa
ge
Journal
,
v
ol
/is
sue:
1
(
1
)
,
pp.
28
-
58
,
2006
.
[13]
S.
Tz
ve
ta
nova
,
“
Emotiona
l
Interfac
e
Me
thodol
o
g
y
,”
Int
ern
ation
al
associ
at
ion
of
socie
ties
of
design
rese
ar
ch
,
Th
e
Hong Kong Pol
y
te
chn
ic
Univ
ersi
t
y
,
2007
.
[14]
B.
Kort
and
R.
Rei
lly
,
“
Anal
y
t
i
ca
l
Models
of
Emotions,
Le
arn
i
ng
and
Rel
at
ion
ships:
Towa
rds
an
Affec
t
-
sensit
i
ve
Cognit
ive Mac
h
i
ne
,”
M.I
.
T
,
2001
.
[15]
R.
Plut
chi
k
,
“
Th
e
Natur
e
of
Emo
ti
on
,”
Univ
ersity Of South
Florid
a
,
2001
.
[16]
V.
Sacha
rin
,
et
al
.,
“
Gene
va
E
m
oti
on
W
hee
l
Rat
ing
Stud
y
,”
Gene
va,
Sw
it
z
er
la
nd:
Univer
si
t
y
of
Gene
va,
Sw
iss
Cent
er
for
Affe
c
ti
ve
Scie
n
ce
s
,
20
12.
[17]
A.
S.
Cowen
a
nd
D.
Kel
tne
,
“
Self
-
rep
ort
ca
p
ture
s
27
d
isti
nc
t
c
at
egor
ie
s
of
emotion
bridg
e
d
b
y
con
ti
nuou
s
gra
die
n
ts
,”
National
Ac
ade
m
y
o
f
Scie
n
ce
s
,
2017
.
[18]
D.
L.
Robinson
,
“
Brai
n
func
ti
on
,
emotion
al
experie
nc
e
and
per
so
nal
ity
,”
Net
h
erla
nds
Journal
of
Psyc
holog
y
,
vo
l.
64,
pp
.
152
-
167
,
2008
.
[19]
D.
A
.
Norm
an
,
“
Emotion
and
design:
Attra
c
ti
v
e
thi
ngs
work
bet
te
r
,”
Inte
rac
ti
ons
Magazine
,
vol/is
sue:
9
(4),
pp.
36
-
42
,
2002
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.