TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 9, September
2014, pp. 66
1
2
~ 662
1
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i9.509
5
6612
Re
cei
v
ed
No
vem
ber 1
0
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
May 25, 20
14
; Accepte
d
Ju
ne 17, 201
4
Position Synchroniza
tion of Electronic Virtual Line
Shafting with Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control
Zhang ch
an
gfan*
1
, Xiao Yuan
y
u
an
1
, Wen
Lon
g
1
, He Jing
1,2
1
Colle
ge of Ele
c
trical an
d Information En
gin
e
e
rin
g
, Huna
n U
n
iversit
y
of T
e
chno
log
y
,
Z
huzho
u Hu
na
n 412
00
7, Chin
a
2
Colle
ge of Me
chatron
i
cs an
d Automatio
n
,
Nation
al Un
ivers
i
t
y
of Defe
nse
T
e
chnolog
y,
Hun
an, 41
000
0, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: 3511
34
79@
q
q
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he degr
ee of
precisi
on for p
o
sitio
n
in
g of ad
justab
le
rol
l
ers
duri
ng pre-r
egi
stering stag
e h
a
s direct
influ
ences
on r
egister pr
ecisi
on of the e
n
tir
e
printi
ng. T
h
e
paper
puts fo
rw
ard cont
rol
strategy of slid
in
g
mo
de v
a
ri
abl
e
structure-b
a
se
d el
ectron
ic vir
t
ual l
i
n
e
sh
afting b
a
se
d o
n
t
he i
n
flu
ences
of low
-
spe
ed
p
r
e-
register
proc
es
s of sh
aft-less
drive
pri
n
ting
p
r
ess o
n
re
giste
r
precis
io
n a
n
d
the
influ
enc
es
of n
onl
in
earity
and
disturb
anc
e on sy
nchro
n
ous pr
ecisi
on
of printi
ng pr
o
c
ess. It also p
r
ov
es the sta
b
i
lity of the co
ntrol
alg
o
rith
m
usin
g Ly
apu
nov f
unctio
n
. T
he
exper
imenta
l
r
e
sults de
mo
ns
trate
that
th
e co
n
t
ro
l stra
tegy
prop
osed
by this pa
per ca
n
reali
z
e
synchr
ono
us cont
ro
l
of shaft-less d
r
ive pri
n
ting
pr
ess, and a
l
so
can
inhi
bit
effective
l
y the
infl
ue
nc
es o
n
sync
h
ro
ni
z
a
ti
on
of sys
tem
pos
ition
d
ue to
cha
n
g
e
of par
a
m
eters
an
d
friction
dur
ing pre-re
gisteri
ng stage.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
po
sition sync
h
ron
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
, electro
n
ic virtua
l
lin
e shafting, sli
d
in
g mo
de var
i
ab
l
e
structure
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Shaft-less d
r
i
v
e techn
o
log
y
is widely u
s
ed in p
r
inting,
textile, paper-ma
k
ing, p
r
int
i
ng and
dyeing, steel
rolling a
nd ot
her p
r
odu
ctio
n pro
c
e
s
ses
[
1
]. The key point of the applicatio
n of sh
aft-
less d
r
ive i
n
prod
uctio
n
p
r
oce
s
s i
s
h
o
w to obt
ai
n go
od synchro
n
o
u
s co
ntrol
strategy
via
d
e
sign
so that high
-pre
cisi
on syn
c
hroni
zation
can b
e
ensured in pro
d
u
c
tion pro
c
e
s
s with nonlin
ea
rity
and di
sturb
a
n
c
e.
The co
nventi
onal syn
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n cont
rol st
rate
gy mainly conta
i
ns cro
ss co
upling
control, rel
a
tive cou
p
ling
control, ma
ste
r
co
ntro
l, el
e
c
troni
c virtu
a
l
line sh
afting
control an
d
etc
.
[2]. Koren prop
oses
cross co
uplin
g synchroni
zation
strate
gy
which solves effecti
v
ely
synchro
n
ization control problem
of twin
motor
[3]. T
u
rl an
d othe
rs
introdu
ce
exp
ansi
on fo
rm
of
cro
s
s coupli
n
g stru
ctu
r
e b
a
s
ed
on thi
s
[4
]. Howe
ve
r, the propo
se
d
method h
a
s t
he di
sadvant
age
that the
com
pen
sation
la
w i
s
difficult t
o
defin
e
whe
n
the
qua
ntities
of moto
r
are
mo
re th
a
n
2.
Therefore, P
e
re
z et
al p
r
opo
se
relativ
e
coup
lin
g synch
r
oni
zatio
n
co
ntrol
[5]. This metho
d
has
good
syn
c
h
r
onou
s p
e
rfo
r
mance, but t
he
c
ontrol structu
r
e
will become com
p
licate
d
[5] with
increa
se of n
u
mbe
r
of motors. Ma
ste
r
control i
s
a no
rmal syn
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n co
ntrol strate
gy, for
whi
c
h th
e b
a
s
ic control
co
nce
p
t is to
re
alize
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n by th
e way that m
a
kin
g
o
ne
sta
t
e-
variable mot
o
r as guide shaft and the remai
n
shafts to fol
l
ow the gui
de shaft. T
h
e
synchro
n
ization erro
r after combi
nation
of eac
h
shaf
t may not be the minimu
m becau
se there
isn’t coupling between
shafts in
the event that dist
urbance is occurred
on a shaft, although the
tracking
error can b
e
mini
mal via cont
rol st
rate
gy. Lore
n
z
and
Meyer p
r
op
o
s
ed the
co
ntrol
method of el
ectro
n
ic virtu
a
l line shafti
ng in 1999
i
n
orde
r to compen
sate t
he deficie
nci
e
s of
maste
r
contro
l, based
on which fu
rther
d
e
velopme
n
t
is made by Val
enzuela a
nd
Lore
n
z [6]. T
he
control meth
o
d
introd
uces
restori
ng to
rq
ue feed
ba
ck
pro
c
e
ss th
at
not incl
ude
d i
n
ma
ster
cont
rol
to simulate p
h
ysical pro
p
e
r
ties of mech
anical s
haftin
g
base
d
on
maste
r
co
ntrol. It has inh
e
rent
synchro
n
ization prope
rty similar to
that
of mech
ani
ca
l shafting. Th
erefo
r
e, it’s widely applie
d
on
actual e
ngin
e
e
ring
[7].
Synchrono
us coordinatin
g
runni
n
g
of each printin
g
roller of sh
aft-less drive
printing
pre
s
s i
s
mai
n
ly by inde
pen
dent d
r
iv
e se
rvo
moto
r. Registe
r
co
ntro
l
will be used in
case
there’s
chromati
c a
berration, which results in that
higher m
u
lti-shaft synch
r
o
n
izatio
n con
t
rol
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Position Synchroni
zatio
n
of Electroni
c Virtual Line Sh
afting with Sliding… (Zha
n
g
cha
ngfan
)
6613
requi
rem
ents are nee
ded
by the system. Drive m
o
tor is a
co
mplicate
d
no
nlinea
r obje
c
t
with
time-varying
paramete
r
s in servo
system of sh
aft-less d
r
ive
printin
g
press. The
ro
bust
perfo
rman
ce
on di
sturb
a
n
c
e a
nd p
a
ra
meter va
riati
on resi
stan
ce
of norm
a
l P
I
D co
ntrol i
s
not
adeq
uate. Th
us it’
s
difficul
t
to obtain
sa
tisfi
ed
spe
ed
adju
s
tment a
nd p
o
sitio
n
in
g pe
rform
a
n
c
e.
Therefore, h
o
w
to find a m
u
lti-sh
aft syn
c
hroni
za
tion
method of hi
gh pe
rform
a
n
c
e for
sh
aft-l
e
ss
drive p
r
intin
g
pre
s
s ha
s be
en a
topi
c
with very
goo
d
appli
c
ation
property. Slidin
g mo
de va
ria
b
le
structure is a
discontin
uous nonlinear
control [8]. The system
will have more
superior invariance
than ro
bu
st whe
n
move
s on sli
d
ing
surface [9]. In
addition, it
has th
e prop
erties
of sim
p
le
algorith
m
a
n
d
go
od
real
-t
ime ability a
nd e
a
sy
engi
neeri
ng re
alization. Thu
s
its
ap
plicatio
n
in
high-preci
s
io
n tracking
co
ntrol ha
s attra
c
ted great attention.
There’s f
r
ictio
n
in all motio
n
syste
m
s, e
s
pe
cially that
friction
ha
s
promi
nent infl
uen
ce
s
on hi
gh-perfo
rman
ce
servo
syste
m
. As f
o
r
shaft-l
e
ss
drive p
r
inting
pre
ss, f
r
ictio
n
is
an im
po
rta
n
t
factor affectin
g pe
rforman
c
e of
system
when it
ru
ns at
low sp
eed.
It will cau
s
e
ste
ady-state
e
r
ror
of system
and affect regi
ster pr
ecisi
on. It can al
so
result in os
cillati
on in
system.
Reference [10]
and [11]
appl
y electroni
c virtual lin
e sha
fting cont
rol
strategy i
n
to
printing
press to red
u
ce th
e
influen
ce
s of
disturban
ce
to sy
stem,
wh
ich
ma
ke
the s
y
s
t
em ha
ve g
o
o
d
r
o
bu
s
t
. H
o
w
e
ver
,
the
author did
n
’t take the
influ
ences
of frict
i
on on
re
gist
er p
r
e
c
isi
on
of system
at
low-spee
d p
r
e-
regi
ster sta
g
e
of pri
n
ting p
r
ess in
to
co
nsi
deratio
n. The
pape
r
pro
p
o
s
e
s
control strategy
of slidi
n
g
mode varia
b
l
e
stru
cture-b
a
se
d elect
r
o
n
ic virt
ual lin
e shafting b
a
se
d on the
adverse effects
cau
s
e
d
by friction
of pre-regi
ster p
r
oce
s
s of
sh
aft-less drive
printing p
r
e
ss a
nd sy
st
em
disturbance normally occurred duri
ng running of pri
n
ting press. It al
so proves the stability of th
e
algorith
m
usi
ng Lyapu
nov function. Simulation a
n
d
verification i
s
ca
rri
ed out
for four-sha
ft
intaglio p
r
inti
ng sy
stem in
cludi
ng el
ectronic vi
rtual
lin
e sh
afting on
Matlab expe
ri
mental platfo
rm.
The expe
rim
ental re
sults verify the effectiv
eness
of sliding m
ode varia
b
le
stru
cture
-
b
a
s
ed
electroni
c virtual line shafti
ng syn
c
hroni
zation
strateg
y
.
2
.
Math
ematical Model of Sy
stem
Synchrono
us coordinatin
g
runni
n
g
of each printin
g
roller of sh
aft-less drive
printing
pre
s
s is main
ly by indep
en
dent d
r
ive
servo motor.
Re
gister control
will be
carrie
d out in
case
of
occurre
n
ce of chro
matic ab
erration. All of these w
ill re
sult in fast, accurate a
nd steady control of
the syste
m
with re
spe
c
t to
positio
n an
d
spe
ed of
obje
c
ts. Th
ere’re
many mod
e
ls of se
rvo d
r
ive
motor. It’s n
e
eded to
emp
hasi
z
e
distu
r
ban
ce to
rqu
e
in moto
r mo
del in
ord
e
r t
o
dem
on
strat
e
perfo
rman
ce of
electroni
c virtual
line sh
afting-ba
se
d
control st
rate
gy whe
n
sy
stem pa
ramete
rs
are va
ria
b
le a
nd at th
e tim
e
when th
ere’
s external
disturban
ce
in
system. In the
pape
r it
sele
cts
DC moto
r a
s
servo d
r
ive m
o
tor. The sch
e
ma
tic
of s
i
ngle DC motor is
as
follows
:
Figure 1. DC
Motor Ci
rcuit and Me
ch
a
n
i
c
al Conn
ectio
n
Schem
atic
Frictio
n
shall
be ta
ken i
n
to
con
s
id
eratio
n
of mathem
atic mo
del of
m
o
tor at l
o
w
sp
eed in
orde
r to
imp
r
ove preci
s
io
n
of regi
ster
a
nd to
re
duce
regi
ster erro
r. Fo
llo
wing
m
o
tor voltag
e
and
torque b
a
lan
c
e equatio
n ca
n be obtain
e
d
combin
g with
Figure 1:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 9, September 20
14: 66
12 – 662
1
6614
++
--
F
(
t
)
=
=
e
eL
f
em
dI
UR
I
L
E
dt
Ec
d
TT
J
dt
Tk
I
(1)
W
h
er
e
U
is armature
volta
ge,
R
is
t
o
t
a
l
re
si
st
an
ce
of
arm
a
t
u
r
e
ci
rc
uit
,
L
is
armature
indu
ctan
ce,
is turning
sp
eed of
DC
motor,
I
is
armature
c
u
rrent of motor,
E is
induc
e
d
voltage of armature,
e
c
is voltage feedb
ack co
efficie
n
t,
J
is inertia,
m
k
is electrom
ech
ani
cal
torque coefficient,
L
T
is l
oad t
o
rqu
e
,
e
T
is ele
c
trom
echani
cal torq
ue g
e
n
e
rated
by mot
o
r,
F(
)
f
t
is
fric
tion
,
and i
t
’s mathemati
c
model
can
be expre
s
sed
as follows
[12]:
Whe
n
()
<
t
,
the static friction i
s
:
()
=
-
<
-<
-
mt
m
ft
m
m
mt
m
FF
F
F
tF
F
F
F
FF
F
(2)
Whe
n
()
>
t
,
the kenetic fri
c
tion
is:
1
-(
)
()
=
[
F
+
(
-
)
]
s
g
n
(
()
)
+
()
t
fc
m
c
v
F
tF
F
e
t
k
t
(3)
()
=
J
(
t
)
Ft
(4)
Whe
r
e
()
F
t
is dri
v
ing force,
F
m
is the maxim
u
m static fri
c
tion,
F
c
is coul
omb frictio
n
,
v
k
is
visco
us f
r
ictio
n
torq
ue p
r
o
p
o
rtional
coefficient,
()
t
is an
g
u
lar vel
o
city
of rotation,
a
nd
1
is
v
e
ry
sm
all po
sitiv
e
con
s
tan
t.
3
.
De
sign of
Single Shaft
Tracking Sy
stem
Since th
at
multi-shaft synchroni
zatio
n
of
shaft-le
ss drive
p
r
inting p
r
e
s
s
contai
ns
conte
n
ts of t
w
o laye
rs (i.
e
. trackin
g
contro
l
and
co
operative co
ntrol), in
the
pape
r the
au
thor
desi
g
n
s
slidi
ng mo
de va
riable
stru
ctu
r
e controll
er f
o
r
singl
e
sh
aft system fi
rstly in
ord
e
r to
redu
ce t
r
a
cki
ng erro
r of si
ngle
shaft an
d to improv
e
pre
c
isi
on of
synchroni
zatio
n
co
ntrol of m
u
lti-
shaft. The co
ntrol structu
r
e
of single sha
f
t system is a
s
sh
ow
n in Figure 2.
Slidi
ng mo
de
c
ontr
o
l
k
u
1/R
k
m
1/
Js
1/s
Fric
tion
mo
del
Ce
r(
t)
()
t
()
t
()
t
()
t
-
+
-
+
()
ut
()
f
Ft
F(t
)
Figure 2. Con
t
rol Structu
r
e
Diag
ram of Single Shaft System
The
state eq
uation of
syst
em can b
e
o
b
tai
ned ba
se
d
on cont
rol architectu
re d
i
agra
m
of
singl
e sh
aft system and Eq
uation (2
):
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Position Synchroni
zatio
n
of Electroni
c Virtual Line Sh
afting with Sliding… (Zha
n
g
cha
ngfan
)
6615
12
22
(t
)=
(
)
1
(
t
)=
-
(
)+
(
)
-
(
)
-
(
)
me
m
uf
xx
t
kc
k
x
xt
k
u
t
F
t
d
t
JR
JR
J
(5)
whe
r
e
1
()
x
t
is a
ngl
e
()
t
,
2
()
x
t
is
spe
e
d
()
t
, i.e.
()
t
,
u
K
is PW
M
coefficient of
a
m
plification
of
pow
er a
m
plifier,
()
ut
is cont
ro
l output. It’s assume
d tha
t
1
=-
me
kc
a
J
R
,
=
um
kk
b
J
R
and
2
1
=-
a
J
are
three
nomi
n
a
l
value
s
. W
h
en p
a
ra
meters a
r
e
kn
ow
n
and th
ere
isn
’
t external l
o
ad di
sturban
ce
,
Equation (5)
can b
e
ch
ang
ed to be:
12
21
2
2
()
()
()
()
+
b
()
+
(
)
f
xt
x
t
x
ta
x
t
u
t
a
F
t
(6)
Con
s
id
erin
g para
m
eter d
r
i
fting and dist
urba
nce
of external load o
f
system, the dynami
c
Equation (6)
can b
e
ch
ang
ed to be:
12
21
2
2
()
()
()
(
)
+
b
()
+
(
)
-
()
f
xt
x
t
x
ta
x
t
u
t
a
F
t
d
t
(7)
Whe
r
e
11
1
=+
aa
a
,
=+
bb
b
,
22
2
=+
aa
a
.
1
a
,
b
and
2
a
are p
a
r
amete
r
va
ri
ation u
n
certa
i
n
items.
()
rt
is defined a
s
com
m
an
d sign
al, control error
1
=(
)
-
(
)
er
t
x
t
, and then
1
x(
)
=
(
)
-
tr
t
e
,
21
x(
t
)
=
x
(
)
=
(
)
-
tr
t
e
. Make
1
e=
e
, and the position
state equation
can be
cha
n
g
ed to be erro
r state
equatio
n:
12
21
1
2
=
=
(
)-
(
(
)-
)-
(
)
-
(
t
)
+
(
)-
f
ee
er
t
a
r
t
e
b
u
t
a
F
d
t
(8)
Whe
r
e
11
2
=
r
(
t
)-
e
)
+
(
)+
)
f
ab
u
t
a
F
((
t
are u
n
ce
rtain item
s, M is u
ppe
r limit of
, for which
M
,
d
is external d
i
sturb
a
n
c
e,
D
is upp
er limit of
d
, for which
dD
.
Select slidi
n
g
surfa
c
e a
s
fo
llow:
12
()
=
+
(
>
0
)
st
c
e
e
c
e
e
c
(9)
De
sign
control law is:
11
2
1
()
(
+
)
(
)
+
()
-
(
)
-
()
(
,
)
s
g
n
(
(
)
)
f
ut
c
a
e
t
r
t
a
r
t
a
F
t
x
t
s
t
b
(10)
Whe
r
e
(,
)
x
t
is cont
rol gain:
(,
)
(
>
0
)
xt
M
D
(1
1)
S
t
ability of system proves t
hat:
Take th
e deri
v
ative of sliding su
rface
22
2
1
1
1
2
()
=
+
=
+
+
-
()
-
(
)
-
(
t
)
-
()
-
f
st
c
e
e
c
e
a
e
r
a
r
t
b
u
t
a
F
d
t
(12)
Introduce
()
ut
into above eq
ua
tion, and then
the following
can b
e
obtain
ed.
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, N
o
. 9, September 20
14: 66
12 – 662
1
6616
(
)
=
(
)
+
-
(
x,
t)
sg
n(
s)
st
d
t
(13)
Select Lyapu
nov function
2
1
()
=
(
)
2
T
Vt
s
t
, and then take the de
riva
tive with respect to
time
t
the following
can b
e
obtaine
d:
()
()
=s(t)
[
(
)
+
]
-
(
x,t)
sgn(s)s(t)
=s(
t
)
[
(
)
+
]
-
(
x,t)
(
)
(
)
[
(
)+
]-
(
x
,t
)
(
)
(
)
[
(
)
+
]
-
(
x
,
t
)
(
)
(
)
[
+
+
]
=-
(
)
T
Vs
t
s
t
dt
dt
s
t
s
td
t
s
t
s
td
t
s
t
st
M
D
st
(14)
i.e.
2
1
(s
(
)
)
(
)
2
d
ts
t
dt
, it can
be kno
w
n th
at index of
system is sta
b
le ba
se
d o
n
stability
crite
r
ion of Ly
apun
ov.
In the paper, the method of relay chara
c
te
risti
c
s continuity is ado
pted to redu
ce
chatteri
ng sin
c
e
th
at
the
r
e’
s chatte
ring
on slidin
g su
rface,
i.e.
re
p
l
ace
sgn
(
)
s
with
co
ntinuou
s
function
()
s
[8].
()
=
+
s
s
s
(15)
Whe
r
e
is very small positi
v
e con
s
tant.
4
.
De
sign of
Multi-Sha
ft S
y
nchronous Sy
stem
In addition t
o
de
sign
of effective syn
c
hrono
us
co
ntrol alg
o
rith
m to ensure
tracking
pre
c
isi
on an
d
robu
st perfo
rmance of sin
g
le sh
aft se
rv
o system in shaft-less d
r
ive printing p
r
e
ss,
accurate syn
c
hroni
zation requireme
nts betwe
en sh
a
fts shall al
so be con
s
id
ere
d
, i.e.
to ensure
spe
ed synch
r
oni
zation a
nd
po
sition synchro
n
iz
ation bet
wee
n
shafts
(n
a
m
ely coo
p
e
r
ative
control).
Coo
perative control of m
o
st do
me
stic prin
ting
pre
s
ses ado
pts shafting driv
e
co
ntrol.
Shafting driv
e co
ntrol
(it’s also
refe
rre
d
as me
cha
n
i
cal
shaft d
r
i
v
e) refe
rs to
activating d
r
ive
element
s of
each pri
n
ting
pre
s
s unit u
s
ing
one m
a
i
n
motor
of the syste
m
, bu
t it’s unea
sy
to
modify since dampin
g
gain
,
stiffness gai
n, att
enuation
gain and oth
e
r pa
ramete
rs are
com
p
let
e
ly
determi
ned b
y
mecha
n
ical
shaft itself. T
he pa
ramete
rs of couplin
g
shaft of ele
c
tronic virtu
a
l lin
e
shafting
sy
ste
m
ca
n b
e
real
ized
by
softw
a
re,
wh
i
c
h i
s
not the
sam
e
as m
e
chani
cal shaft sy
ste
m
(pa
r
amete
r
s
of the
system
dep
end
on
structu
r
e
of
m
e
ch
ani
cal
sh
aft itself w
h
il
e the
str
u
ctu
r
e is
difficult to mo
dify). Therefo
r
e, it has
rela
tively
big flexi
b
ility. Furthermore, the
system can h
a
ve
approp
riate
dampin
g
gai
n by adjusti
ng of para
m
et
ers
so that
the dynamic perfo
rma
n
ce of
system can b
e
improved.
Structu
r
e dia
g
ram of el
e
c
tronic virtual lin
e shafting sy
stem is sho
w
n
as
follow.
It can b
e
kno
w
n from Fi
gu
re 3
that ele
c
tronic virtual l
i
ne
shafting
control i
s
to
introdu
ce
resto
r
in
g torq
ue feedb
ack
pro
c
e
ss
ba
se
d on ma
ster
control w
h
ile
maste
r
control doe
sn’t ha
ve
resto
r
in
g torq
ue feedb
ack. Thus it ca
n si
mulate
physi
cal features o
f
mechani
cal
shaft and ma
ke
the syste
m
h
a
ve inhe
rent
synchro
nou
s
feature
si
mila
r to that of m
e
ch
ani
cal
sh
aft. Each sha
ft
can ke
ep go
od
syn
c
h
r
o
n
i
z
ation pe
rformance with
electroni
c virtual line
sha
fting whe
n
t
h
e
system is at
steady state.
Whe
n
one of
the shafts
or more sh
afts are di
sturbed
, the electron
ic
virtual line sh
afting can fee
l
the disturb
a
n
ce by re
sto
r
i
ng torqu
e
fee
dba
ck p
r
o
c
e
s
s and it will th
en
coo
r
din
a
te m
o
vement of other shafts in
orde
r
to achie
v
e the objecti
ve of synch
r
o
n
izatio
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Position Synchroni
zatio
n
of Electroni
c Virtual Line Sh
afting with Sliding… (Zha
n
g
cha
ngfan
)
6617
*
1
e
*
i
e
*
n
e
m
m
m
m
d
m
1
i
n
n
i
1
Figure 3. Structure Dia
g
ra
m of Electroni
c Vi
rtual Lin
e
Shafting Cont
rol-Ba
se
d Mu
lti-shaft
Coo
r
din
a
ting Control
Syste
m
Feedb
ack
ca
n be
mad
e
to
main
sh
aft w
i
th re
spe
c
t to
re
stori
ng to
rque
applie
d
on e
a
ch
moving shaft via synch
r
o
nou
s me
cha
n
ical d
e
vice
as w
e
ll to m
a
ke it keep b
a
lan
c
e with
shaft
drive torq
ue, and its bal
an
ce eq
uation i
s
as follo
w:
-=
im
m
TT
J
(
1
6
)
Whe
r
e
i
T
(
=1
,
2
,
,
in
)
is the torque
made by fee
dba
ck of ea
ch moving sh
aft, i.e. resto
r
ing
torque.
T
is drive torque
of
main
shaft,
m
J
is in
ertia
of m
a
in
shaft,
m
is
displ
a
cement
of o
u
tput
angle of main
shaft.
Multi-shaft of shaft-l
e
ss d
r
ive printing
p
r
es
s
refe
rs to
spe
ed a
nd p
o
sition
of ea
ch drive
motor
keep
bi
synchro
nou
s
at steady stat
e or tra
n
si
ent
state with
out mech
ani
cal
spindle. Ang
u
l
a
r
spe
e
d
is differential of ang
ular di
spla
ce
ment
base
d
on mathem
atic relatio
n
:
=
d
dt
(17)
While differen
c
e of ang
ular
spe
e
d
s
is differential of differen
c
e of an
g
u
lar di
spla
ce
ment:
++
ir
r
i
r
d
Tb
k
k
d
t
dt
(18)
Whe
r
e
m
is
an
gular spee
d o
f
output of m
a
in
shaft (i.e.
referen
c
e a
n
gular spee
d),
i
is
ang
ular
spe
ed of o
u
tput of any o
ne shaft
,
m
is angul
ar di
splacement of
main shaft (i.e. refere
nce
angul
ar di
spl
a
cem
ent),
i
is angul
ar di
spl
a
cem
ent of output of any one sh
aft.
Tra
cki
ng e
r
ro
r of N
o
.
i
shaft is
*
=-
im
i
e
; the synch
r
ono
us erro
r
betwe
en
No.
i
shaft an
d
No.
+1
i
sh
aft is
**
+1
=-
ii
i
Ee
e
. W
hen
loa
d
L
i
T
of any
shaft (for exa
m
ple th
e
No
.
i
shaft) is
disturbed,
*
i
e
can co
nverg
e
to zero by a
d
justin
g of
controlle
r in o
r
de
r to obtai
n synchro
n
o
u
s
perfo
rman
ce
at stea
dy stat
e. Ho
weve
r,
desyn
ch
r
oni
zation of
syste
m
at the
tran
sient
pro
c
e
ss of
disturban
ce
will re
sult in gene
ration of
corre
s
po
ndi
ng stiffness torqu
e
(i.e. re
storin
g torq
u
e
) by
shaft of the u
n
it. Feedba
ck of the resto
r
i
ng torq
ue is
made to ele
c
tronic virtu
a
l line sh
afting by
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, N
o
. 9, September 20
14: 66
12 – 662
1
6618
electroni
c virtual line shafting co
ntrol
strategy, and
the shafting fo
rce
s
othe
r sh
afts to track the
variation to m
a
ke
synchro
n
ous e
r
ror
i
E
keep ze
ro.
Lemma
Te
nsile
stress
is pro
p
o
r
tional
to ten
s
ile
strain
within
elasti
c limits of
obje
c
t
,
an
d its p
r
op
ortion
al
coeffici
ent is referre
d
a
s
modulu
s
of
el
asticity E. Th
e expression
is
=
E
.
The re
sto
r
ing
torque of ea
ch drive sh
aft dedu
ce
d from
Hoo
k
’s L
a
w i
s
:
++
ir
r
i
r
d
Tb
k
k
d
t
dt
(19)
W
h
er
e
is diff
eren
ce
of
accumulated
mo
vement a
ngul
ar
displacem
ents
of e
a
ch
shaft at
inp
u
t
and o
u
tput e
nds;
r
b
is d
a
mp
ing gai
n of e
a
ch
sh
aft co
u
p
ling d
e
vice;
r
k
is
stiffness g
a
in of e
a
ch
shaft co
uplin
g device;
ir
k
is integrate
d
stiffness gai
n of each sh
aft co
upling d
e
vice.
Multi-shaft sy
nch
r
on
ou
s
co
ntrol i
s
the
core to
pic of shaft-less
driv
e pri
n
ting p
r
e
ss,
and
the con
c
ept
of ele
c
tro
n
ic
virtual line
sh
afting cont
rol strategy i
s
j
u
st to
en
su
re
syn
c
h
r
oni
zat
i
on
betwe
en shaf
ts. Torqu
e
integratio
n and f
eedb
ack is o
ne of the mai
n
feature
s
of electroni
c virtual
line sh
afting
control st
rate
gy. The com
b
ined a
c
tion i
s
to ma
ke ea
ch
shaft as
a
whole
but no
t to
con
s
id
er differen
ce
bet
w
een shafts. Therefore,
chang
e of a
n
y
one
shaft
or mo
re
sh
afts will
cha
nge the
comp
re
hen
si
ve torque, w
h
ich
will the
n
be tran
sfe
rre
d to ele
c
troni
c virtual
line
shafting
via f
eedb
ack
pro
c
e
ss.
The
el
ectro
n
ic
virtu
a
l line
shafting
will mo
dify cu
rre
nt out
put
value a
c
cordi
ng to
cha
nge
of torq
ue
so
that the
e
n
tire sy
stem
will
retu
rn to
syn
c
hrono
us stat
e
and the dyna
mic re
sp
on
se
of torque fee
dba
ck
will be
come fa
st as
well.
5. Examples
5.1. Setting
of Experime
ntal Parame
ters
Establish sim
u
lation mod
e
l
in Simulink e
n
vironm
ent ta
king fou
r
sh
afts of shaft-le
ss drive p
r
intin
g
pre
ss a
s
an e
x
ample. Strong nonli
nea
rity can only
be
reflected by t
he syste
m
wh
en the printin
g
pre
ss i
s
at pre-regi
ster sta
ge of low spe
ed.
Therefore
,
low-am
plitu
de and lo
w-f
r
eque
ncy si
ne
sign
al is u
s
ed
as given po
si
tion sign
al du
ring test, i.e.
0.
1
s
in
(
2
)
rt
r
a
d
,nominal valu
e of
sy
stem
7.
77
R
,
=1
1
u
k
,
2
0.06
J
kgm
,
1.2
/
(
/
)
e
CV
r
a
d
s
,
=1
5
c
F
Nm
,
=2
.
0
/
v
kN
m
s
r
a
d
,
=6
/
m
kN
m
A
,
42
=8
10
m
J
kg
m
,
=2
0
m
F
Nm
,
=0.
0
1
,
1
=0.
1
,
=0
.
5
r
b
,
=0
.
8
r
k
,
=0
.
0
2
5
ir
k
,para
m
eters
of control system are
5
t
k
,
30
c
and
=0
.
0
1
,resp
e
ctivel
y. The initial state of system is
[-0
.
5
;
1
]
.
5.2. The Experimental Re
sults
Figure 4. Single-shaft Posi
tion Tra
cki
ng
and Tr
ackin
g
Erro
r wh
en th
ere’
s no External Lo
ad
Distu
r
ba
nce
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
4.
5
5
-0
.
2
-0
.
1
5
-0
.
1
-0
.
0
5
0
0.
0
5
0.
1
0.
1
5
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
P
o
si
t
i
on t
r
ack
i
n
g
(
r
ad)
Gi
v
e
n V
a
l
u
e
Out
put
V
a
l
u
e
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
4.
5
5
-0
.
0
5
-0
.
0
4
-0
.
0
3
-0
.
0
2
-0
.
0
1
0
0.
01
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
T
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
e
rro
r(ra
d
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Position Synchroni
zatio
n
of Electroni
c Virtual Line Sh
afting with Sliding… (Zha
n
g
cha
ngfan
)
6619
Figure 5. Multi-sh
aft Tra
cki
ng Erro
r an
d Sync
hrono
us
Erro
r wh
en th
ere’
s no External Lo
ad
Distu
r
ba
nce
(1) Ca
se1
The
sin
g
le
sh
aft trackin
g
a
nd m
u
lti-shaft syn
c
h
r
on
ou
s sim
u
lation
w
a
ve shap
e a
r
e sho
w
n
in Figu
re 4 a
nd Figu
re 5
whe
n
there’s
no extern
al d
i
sturb
a
n
c
e. It can
be kno
w
n fro
m
Figu
re
4
that actu
al va
lue of
system
ca
n tra
c
k th
e given val
u
e
within
a
sho
r
t time with
the hel
p of
sli
de
mode va
riabl
e structu
r
e. T
he tra
c
king
error is converg
ed to
be
ze
ro
after
>0
.
2
ts
. It can
be
kno
w
n
from Fig
u
re 5
that tra
cki
ng
error
and
syn
c
hrono
us
e
r
ror of
multi-sh
aft are
ba
sica
lly conve
r
ge
d
to
be ze
ro.
(2) Ca
se
2
Add anothe
r load torqu
e
of 5
Nm
from shaft No. 2
at 1s, tracking e
r
ror a
n
d
synchro
nou
s erro
r of ea
ch shaft are
sho
w
n
in F
i
gure
6. Sliding mode va
riable
stru
ctu
r
e
controlle
r h
a
s fast trackin
g
perfo
rman
ce
for exter
nal di
sturb
a
n
c
e of singl
e shaft
a
nd
it can
ma
ke
synchro
nou
s
error kee
p
stable whe
n
there’
s
di
sturban
ce. It meets the requi
reme
nts of h
i
gh
perfo
rman
ce
of shaft-le
ss drive pri
n
ting
pre
ss.
Figure 6. Tra
cki
ng Error a
nd Synch
r
on
ous Erro
r of each Shaft wh
en there’
s Lo
ad Di
sturb
a
n
c
e
on Single Sh
aft
(3) Ca
se
3
Add anothe
r
load torq
ue o
f
5
Nm
from shaft
No. 1 and N
o
. 2 respe
c
tively at 1s, and
apply anoth
e
r load torqu
e
of 3
Nm
from sha
ft No. 3 at 2s, tracking e
r
ro
r and
synchro
nou
s error
of ea
ch
sh
aft are
sho
w
n
i
n
Figu
re
7.
Sliding m
ode
variabl
e
stru
cture
controll
er
still h
a
s fast
tracking
pe
rforma
nce w
h
e
n
there’re
external
di
sturb
ances
on m
u
lti-shaft a
nd t
he conve
r
ge
nce
spe
ed
of syn
c
hrono
us e
r
ror i
s
fa
st. Th
us it
ca
n still meet
the
re
q
u
irem
ents
of high perfo
rm
ance
of shaft-le
ss drive pri
n
ting
pre
ss.
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
4.
5
5
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
x 1
0
-3
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
T
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
e
r
ro
r(ra
d
)
Ax
i
s
1
Ax
i
s
2
Ax
i
s
3
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
4.
5
5
-0
.
1
-0.
0
8
-0.
0
6
-0.
0
4
-0.
0
2
0
0.
02
0.
04
0.
06
0.
08
0.
1
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
S
y
nc
h
r
onou
s
er
r
o
r(ra
d
)
Ax
i
s
1
Ax
i
s
2
Ax
i
s
3
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
4.
5
5
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x 1
0
-3
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
T
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
e
rro
r
(ra
d
)
Ax
i
s
1
Ax
i
s
2
Ax
i
s
3
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
4.
5
5
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
x 1
0
-4
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
S
y
nchr
onou
s er
r
o
r(ra
d
)
Axi
s
1
Axi
s
2
Axi
s
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, N
o
. 9, September 20
14: 66
12 – 662
1
6620
Figure 7. Tra
cki
ng Error a
nd Synch
r
on
ous Erro
r
wh
en there’
re L
oad Di
sturba
nce
s
on Multi
-
sh
aft
Above simula
tion results d
e
mon
s
trate th
at: electroni
c
virtual line sh
afting control system
can
provide t
he
system
wit
h
goo
d
synch
r
ono
us pe
rformance alth
ou
gh it m
a
ke
s t
he
sy
stem
l
o
se
tracking
pe
rforma
nce. As for p
r
inting
equip
m
ent,
synchroni
za
tion betw
een
shafts is
m
o
re
importa
nt. In addition, sli
d
ing mo
de variabl
e struct
ure
cont
rolle
r can m
a
ke the sy
stem keep
steady
ope
ra
tion w
hen
th
ere’
s
distu
r
b
ance, w
h
ich
i
m
prove
s
ro
b
u
st
p
e
rfo
r
ma
nce, stea
dy state
perfo
rman
ce
and syn
c
h
r
on
ous p
e
rfo
r
ma
nce of sy
ste
m
.
6. Conclusio
n
1)
The p
ape
r p
r
opo
se
s
co
ntrol
strategy
of slidin
g m
ode va
riable
stru
ctu
r
e-ba
se
d
electroni
c virt
ual line
shafti
ng, improves regi
ster
pre
c
ision of
syste
m
and red
u
ces regi
ster error
based on the
influence
s
of
friction on registe
r
pr
eci
s
ion duri
ng lo
w-spe
ed pre-regi
ster runni
ng
pro
c
e
ss
of sh
aft-less
drive printing
p
r
e
ss.
2)
Sliding mo
de
variable
stru
cture
controll
er i
s
de
sign
e
d
for e
a
ch sh
aft base
d
on
the
influen
ce
s of nonlin
earity a
nd distu
r
b
a
n
c
e on syn
c
h
r
o
nou
s preci
s
io
n of printing
pro
c
e
ss
so th
at
synchro
nou
s
error an
d tra
c
king e
r
ror can
be conve
r
ge
d to be ze
ro
within limited
time.
3)
The exp
e
rim
ental results demo
n
st
rate
t
hat the
co
ntrol
strate
gy of slidi
ng m
ode
variable
stru
cture-ba
sed el
ectro
n
ic virtu
a
l line s
haftin
g
can effectiv
ely improve the influen
ce
s o
f
friction
on
re
gister preci
s
i
on du
ring
pre
-re
gist
e
r
ing
stage of lo
w
speed. M
ean
w
h
ile, the
cont
rol
strategy al
so
effectively improv
e
s
the in
fluences of p
a
ram
e
ter vari
ation of syste
m
and extern
al
disturban
ce o
n
synchro
nou
s perfo
rma
n
ce of system.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This wo
rk
is sup
porte
d
by
Natu
ral
S
c
ie
nce Fou
ndati
on
of Chin
a (No. 612
731
57
an
d
6110
4024
)
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5
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5
3
3.
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4
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Ti
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Ax
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m
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s
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S
y
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c
h
r
o
n
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u
s
e
rro
r(ra
d
)
Ax
i
s
1
Ax
i
s
2
Ax
i
s
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Position Synchroni
zatio
n
of Electroni
c Virtual Line Sh
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n
g
cha
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)
6621
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