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Sci,
Vo
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9
,
No
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2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
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201
8
:
35
7
–
3
60
358
2.
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h
o
f
W
av
elet
(
DB
4
)
an
d
A
r
tif
ic
ial
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
to
class
if
y
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
l
in
e
a
n
d
d
o
u
b
le
lin
e
f
au
lt
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
m
et
h
o
d
is
d
ec
lar
ed
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
li
k
e
f
a
u
lt
t
y
p
e,
f
a
u
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
,
f
au
l
t
r
es
is
tan
ce
a
n
d
v
ar
iatio
n
in
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
a
n
g
le.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
th
e
y
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
L
ip
s
c
h
itz
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
er
r
o
r
b
a
s
ed
o
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
au
l
t
o
b
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
la
w
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
ca
n
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
g
u
ar
an
te
e
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
it
y
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
b
u
t
also
b
r
o
ad
en
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
co
p
es
o
f
a
g
en
er
al
ad
ap
tiv
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
a
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
an
a
u
to
m
atic
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
m
o
n
ito
r
s
th
e
g
a
s
leak
a
g
e
s
tat
u
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
d
ata
i
s
m
ad
e
av
ailab
le
o
n
t
h
e
clo
u
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
f
ee
d
o
v
er
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
U
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
C
ab
le
Fau
l
t D
etec
tio
n
On
t
h
e
o
f
f
c
h
an
ce
th
a
t
an
ir
r
eg
u
lar
co
n
d
itio
n
i
s
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
e
d
,
th
e
d
ev
ice
s
en
d
s
a
n
alar
m
t
o
th
e
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
clie
n
t
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
aler
t
e
m
ai
l
to
o
t
h
er
a
u
t
h
o
r
ities
.
A
n
ex
ce
l
len
t
W
i
-
Fi
f
ea
t
u
r
ed
AR
M
C
o
r
tex
-
M4
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
til
is
ed
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
ice
in
ter
f
ac
es
w
i
t
h
th
e
w
eb
u
s
i
n
g
Wi
-
Fi.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
o
f
f
er
s
an
e
n
tire
,
m
i
n
i
m
al
ef
f
o
r
t,
u
s
ef
u
l
a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
c
h
ec
k
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
n
g
a
n
ab
n
o
r
m
al
s
itu
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
ap
p
licatio
n
g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
e
n
d
clie
n
t a
G
UI
to
s
cr
ee
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
a
r
e
m
o
te
p
lace
th
r
o
u
g
h
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
f
r
o
m
a
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
ev
ice.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
A
n
ties
ta
b
lis
h
men
t W
i
r
e
F
a
u
lt S
en
s
in
g
Usi
n
g
C
C
3
2
0
0
(
S
.
S
h
a
n
m
u
g
a
s
u
n
d
a
r
a
m)
359
3.
H
ARDWA
R
E
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
CC3
2
0
0
M
icr
o
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
W
i
-
Fi
C
C
3
2
0
0
w
eb
o
n
-
a
-
c
h
ip
MCU
w
a
s
in
te
n
d
ed
to
em
p
o
w
er
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
C
3
2
0
0
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
is
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
W
i
-
Fi
co
llectio
n
is
a
r
em
o
te
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
co
o
r
d
in
ates
an
elite
C
o
r
tex
-
M
4
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
p
e
r
ip
h
er
als
en
ab
lin
g
clie
n
ts
to
b
u
ild
u
p
a
w
h
o
le
ap
p
licatio
n
w
it
h
a
s
in
g
le
I
C
.
C
C
3
2
0
0
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
an
M4
C
o
r
e
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
at
8
0
MH
z
w
it
h
R
AM
ch
o
ices
u
p
to
2
5
6
KB
g
iv
in
g
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
y
o
u
r
en
d
u
s
e.
No
tif
icatio
n
L
E
D
's
ar
e
u
tili
s
ed
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
W
i
-
Fi
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
tat
u
s
.
3
.
2
.
I
o
T
Clo
ud
–
B
ly
n
k
App
B
ly
n
k
is
a
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
ap
p
th
a
t
ca
n
ab
le
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
i
t
h
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
I
t
's
a
d
ig
ital
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
w
h
er
e
y
o
u
ca
n
ass
e
m
b
le
a
r
ea
lis
tic
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
y
o
u
r
v
en
t
u
r
e
b
y
m
o
s
tl
y
r
elo
c
atin
g
g
ad
g
et
s
.
T
h
e
B
ly
n
k
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
is
s
p
ee
d
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e,
a
n
d
allo
w
ed
to
u
ti
lis
e.
Ass
o
ciati
n
g
w
it
h
a
W
i
-
Fi
d
ev
ice
is
as
s
i
m
p
le
as
co
p
y
in
g
y
o
u
r
cr
ea
ted
ap
p
r
o
v
al
co
d
e
in
to
y
o
u
r
C
C
3
2
0
0
p
o
r
tr
ay
,
an
d
g
i
v
i
n
g
y
o
u
r
W
i
-
Fi
p
o
in
ts
o
f
in
ter
e
s
t.
T
h
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
eb
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
W
i
-
Fi.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
is
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
to
h
o
ld
th
e
d
ata
a
n
d
s
e
n
d
t
h
e
d
ata
to
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t u
s
er
o
v
er
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
3
.
3
.
F
la
m
e
Se
ns
o
r
Fla
m
e
Sen
s
o
r
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
ir
e
i
n
t
h
e
w
av
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
7
6
0
n
m
-
1
1
0
0
n
m
.
I
t
w
il
l
r
esp
o
n
d
f
aster
an
d
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
atel
y
d
etec
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
d
ar
k
ep
o
x
y
,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
in
f
r
ar
ed
r
ad
iatio
n
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
W
h
en
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
i
s
d
etec
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
f
ir
e
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
o
v
er
th
e
ca
b
le,
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
th
e
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
u
r
n
is
h
es
t
h
e
en
d
clien
t
w
it
h
a
GUI
to
s
cr
ee
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
a
r
e
m
o
te
p
lace
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
l
o
u
d
s
er
v
er
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
d
ela
y
.
N
o
t
j
u
s
t
th
is
,
a
li
f
e
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le
w
ill
li
k
e
w
i
s
e
g
et
b
y
e
x
p
an
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
9
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
35
7
–
3
60
360
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
No
w
ad
a
y
s
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
le
i
s
g
etti
n
g
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
w
er
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
lti
m
ate
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
i
n
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
le
f
au
l
t
is
s
u
e.
Kee
p
in
g
th
is
i
n
m
i
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
at
s
ce
n
ar
io
th
e
d
ev
ice
al
ar
m
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
e
f
ec
ti
v
e
ar
ea
.
A
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
s
u
ch
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
to
s
et
u
p
a
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
co
n
t
i
n
u
e
s
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
co
r
r
ec
tly
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
f
ac
ed
b
y
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
le
h
a
n
d
ler
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
i
s
,
i
t
s
en
d
s
a
n
aler
t e
m
ai
l o
r
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
to
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
ities
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
J.
F
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
Io
T
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
10
(2
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
8
-
1
5
7
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
K.
Ha
sa
n
a
n
d
S
h
irk
o
o
h
i
,
“
F
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
w
ires
a
n
d
c
a
b
les
u
sin
g
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
T
DR
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
sy
mp
o
siu
m
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
R.
D
G
ro
ss
.
,
et
al
.
,
“
T
h
e
su
rg
ica
l
G
ro
u
n
d
d
e
tec
to
r,
1
9
8
0
.
[4
]
J.
D.
W
a
rre
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
rd
u
in
o
f
o
r
ro
b
o
ti
c
s
,”
In
Ard
u
i
n
o
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
82
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
A
.
C.
W
e
stro
m
a
n
d
J
.
W
.
L
a
rse
n
,
“
F
a
u
lt
Dista
n
c
e
L
o
c
a
to
r
f
o
r
Un
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
Ca
b
le Ci
rc
u
it
s
.”
[6
]
W
.
Ch
a
r
y
to
n
iu
k
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
rc
in
g
f
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
u
n
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
d
istri
b
u
t
io
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
-
f
e
a
sib
il
it
y
st
u
d
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
36
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
6
-
1
7
6
1
,
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
A
.
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cro
ss
-
L
a
y
e
r
De
sig
n
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tr
o
l
in
M
o
b
il
e
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
t
wo
rk
s
,”
Eg
y
p
ti
a
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
6
(1
),
pp.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
P.
S
a
ra
th
k
u
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
T
h
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
S
o
lar
P
o
n
d
b
y
u
sin
g
En
c
a
p
su
late
d
P
C
M
w
it
h
Na
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
,”
M
a
ter
ia
ls T
o
d
a
y
:
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
4
(2
)
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
4
-
2
3
2
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
T
.
S
.
P
riy
a
a
n
d
V
.
Ba
las
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
“
En
z
y
m
e
-
m
e
d
iate
d
s
y
n
th
e
sis
o
f
silv
e
r
n
a
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
u
sin
g
m
a
rin
e
a
c
ti
n
o
m
y
c
e
tes
a
n
d
th
e
ir
c
h
a
ra
c
terisa
ti
o
n
,
”
Bi
o
sc
ien
c
e
s
Bi
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
Asi
a
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
1
(
S
p
e
c
ial
Ed
it
i
o
n
1
),
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
6
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
K.
U
m
a
d
e
v
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
o
f
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
S
y
ste
m
w
it
h
Co
n
v
e
rter T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
G
rid
f
e
d
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
s.
”
[1
1
]
E
.
De
lro
b
a
a
n
d
J
.
Be
iza
,
“
Hig
h
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
P
o
w
e
r
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
Us
e
o
f
Cu
rre
n
t
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
-
Ba
se
d
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
(
IJ
EE
I)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
3
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
2
1
6
-
2
2
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
P
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Clas
sif
ica
ti
o
n
in
T
ra
n
sm
i
ss
io
n
L
in
e
u
sin
g
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
fo
rm
a
n
d
A
N
N
,
”
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
ics
(
BE
EI)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
4
5
6
-
4
6
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
Z
.
Do
n
g
-
w
e
n
a
n
d
W
.
Qia
o
-
li
n
g
,
“
F
a
u
lt
-
T
o
lera
n
t
C
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
a
Clas
s
o
f
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
S
y
ste
m
s
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Ob
se
rv
e
r
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
le
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
14
(
2A
),
p
p
.
32
4
-
334
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
S.
Ra
v
ich
a
n
d
ra
n
,
“
Clo
u
d
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
S
m
a
rt
G
a
s
C
y
li
n
d
e
r
P
la
tf
o
r
m
S
e
n
se
s
L
P
G
Ga
s
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
Us
in
g
Io
T
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
C
S
q
u
a
re
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic R
e
se
a
rc
h
(
IJ
M
S
R)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
9
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
4
-
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
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