Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
, p
p.
3
30
~
3
37
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752,
DOI: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
1
.
pp
3
30
-
3
37
330
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Des
i
gn o
f high po
wer amp
lifier b
ased on
wil
kin
son power
co
mb
ine
r for wi
reless
comm
un
icat
ions
Tr
an
Van
Ho
i
1
,
N
go Thi L
anh
2
1
Facul
t
y
of Elect
ric
a
l
and
E
lectr
o
nic
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
Thu
y
lo
i
Unive
r
sit
y
,
Vi
et Nam
2
Facul
t
y
of
Infor
m
at
ion
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
,
Univer
si
t
y
of
Tra
nsport
T
ec
h
nolog
y
,
Vi
et Na
m
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
27, 202
0
Re
vised Ju
n
7
,
2021
Accepte
d
J
un
1
5
, 202
1
Thi
s
art
i
cl
e
pr
ese
nts
the
design
and
fab
ricat
ion
of
a
high
power
amplifi
e
r
base
d
on
wi
lki
nson
power
combiner
.
A
45W
basic
amplifi
er
m
odule
is
designe
d
using
la
te
r
al
l
y
-
d
iffuse
d
m
et
al
-
oxide
se
m
ic
onduct
or
(
L
DM
OS
)
fie
ld
eff
ect
tr
ansistor
(
FET
)
PTF
A260451E
tr
an
sistor.
W
il
kinson
power
combine
r
is
used
to
combine
two
input
powers
to
p
ro
duce
90W
of
power.
Th
e
proposed
power
amplifi
er
is
rese
arc
h
ed,
d
esi
gned
and
opt
i
m
iz
ed
using
adva
nc
ed
d
esign
s
y
stem
(AD
S)
software
.
Exp
erim
ent
al
r
esult
s
s
how
tha
t
the
gai
n
is
11.
5
dB
gre
ater
th
an
at
2
.
45
-
3.
0
GH
z
fr
e
quency
band
an
d
ac
hi
evi
ng
m
axi
m
um
po
wer
gai
n
of
13.
5
dB
at
2.
65
GH
z
ce
n
tre
fr
equenc
y
;
outpu
t
power
inc
re
ase
d
to
49.
3
dBm
;
P
ower
adde
d
ef
fic
i
ency
of
62.
1
%
and
good
impedanc
es
m
at
chi
ng:
inpu
t
ref
lecti
on
co
eff
i
ci
en
t
(S
11
)<
-
10
dB,
outpu
t
ref
lecti
on
coe
ff
i
ci
en
t
(S
22
)<
-
15
dB.
The
design
e
d
amplifi
er
c
an
be
used
for
4G,
5G m
obil
e
c
om
m
unic
at
ions
and
S
-
band
s
at
e
l
li
te c
om
m
unic
a
tion.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
LDMO
S F
E
T t
ran
sist
or
Power a
m
plifier
Power c
om
bine
r
W
i
reless c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
s
W
il
kin
s
on
pow
er
div
ide
r
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Tran Va
n H
oi
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
an
d El
ect
ronic E
ng
i
neeri
ng
Th
uyloi U
niv
e
rsity
175 Tay
S
on
Road
, Do
ng
Da Dist
, Ha N
oi,
Viet
N
am
Em
a
il
: ho
it
v@t
lu.edu.
vn
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Power
am
plifi
er
(
PA)
is
a
n
i
nd
is
pe
ns
able
c
om
po
ne
nt
in
ra
dio
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
s,
especial
ly
in
la
rg
e
dista
nce
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
s
su
c
h
as
sat
el
li
te
s,
m
ob
il
e
com
mu
nicat
io
n.
P
A
is
the
m
os
t
i
m
portant
blo
c
k
that
am
plifie
s
the
RF
sign
al
to
po
w
er
the
ante
nn
a
and
prov
i
des
the
highest
po
ssible
gain
with
the
lowest
possi
ble
ref
le
ct
ance
.
Ther
e
ha
ve
be
en
m
any
stud
ie
s
on
desi
gn
i
ng
and
m
anufactu
rin
g
powe
r
am
plifie
r
s
perform
ed
in
diff
e
re
nt
f
re
qu
ency
ba
nds
[
1
]
-
[
25
]
a
nd
s
olv
i
ng
iss
ues
s
uc
h
as:
increase
powe
r
a
nd
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
[3
]
,
[
6
]
-
[8
]
,
[12],
[
16
]
,
i
ncr
e
ase
ci
rcu
it
ba
ndwi
dth
a
nd
re
du
ce
i
nterm
odulati
on
distor
ti
on
[
1],
[5
]
,
[9
]
-
[
11]
,
[13
]
-
[
15]
, [1
7
]
-
[
25
]
.
Re
centl
y,
dif
fe
ren
t
a
ppr
oach
e
s
to
desig
n
hig
h
po
wer
a
nd
wide
ba
nd
PAs
ha
ve
been
stud
ye
d
a
nd
pro
po
se
d
a
rou
nd the
w
or
ld
. One
of the
m
os
t used resea
rc
h direct
io
ns
is t
o rely
on m
ulti
-
sta
ge
po
wer
am
plifie
r
ci
rcu
it
[
5],
[
8],
[16].
Howe
ve
r,
this
m
et
ho
d
has
lo
w
reli
abl
il
ity,
because
wh
e
n
one
of
t
he
power
am
plifie
r
s
fail
s,
the
syst
em
will
no
t
functi
on.
Othe
r
researc
h
direct
ion
s
are
re
sear
ched
a
nd
s
ugge
ste
d,
in
w
hic
h
the
desig
ns
a
re
bas
ed on pa
rall
el
p
owe
r
am
plifie
r
wit
h power
d
i
vid
e
r/com
bin
er
[5], [
10]
, [1
7].
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
his
pap
e
r
fo
c
us
es
on
inc
reasin
g
the
power
of
an
a
m
plifie
r
us
in
g
a
wilkin
so
n
pow
e
r
div
ide
r
/c
om
bine
r
with
a
wi
de
fr
e
quency
ba
nd.
T
o
do
t
his,
tw
o
narr
owba
nd
lo
w
-
po
wer
am
plifie
rs
are
desig
ne
d
a
nd
then
com
bin
e
d
us
in
g
t
he
powe
r
c
om
bin
er.
Fig
ur
e
1
s
hows
the
bl
ock
dia
gr
am
of
powe
r
a
m
plifie
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
high
po
we
r
am
plif
ier
base
d on wi
lk
inson
powe
r c
ombi
n
er f
or
wi
r
el
ess
…
(
Tra
n
Va
n Ho
i)
331
In
t
h
is case
, t
he
artic
le
u
se a
1:2
wi
lkins
on
powe
r
di
vid
e
r (
WPD)
a
nd
a
2:
1
com
bin
er.
T
o
gua
ran
te
e a
90W
am
plifie
r
outp
ut
po
wer,
A
45
W
ba
sic
a
m
plifie
r
m
od
ule
is
desig
ne
d
us
i
ng
LDM
O
S
FET
PT
FA2
60451E
transisto
r.
To
achieve
m
axi
m
u
m
po
wer
outp
ut,
the
am
p
li
fier
inp
u
t
val
ue
m
us
t
reach
33dBm
,
so
th
e
sign
al
befor
e
the
div
i
der is 3
6dBm
, th
is i
s achie
ve
d by the
pre
-
a
m
pl
ifie
rs.
Figure
1
.
Bl
oc
k
diag
ram
of
th
e pro
posed
P
A
2.
DESIG
N A
N
D
SI
M
ULATI
ON
2.1.
Desig
n
of Wil
kins
on
p
ower divider/
c
omb
iner
A
po
wer
div
i
de
rs
is
a
de
vice
us
e
d
to
div
i
de
input
po
wer
into
m
ulti
ple
ou
tp
ut
powe
r
a
ccordin
g
to
desig
n
re
quire
m
ents
and
power
c
om
bin
er
are
us
e
d
to
c
om
bin
e
m
ult
iple
input
powe
rs
into
outp
ut
po
wer.
I
n
pr
act
ic
e
the
de
sign
e
r
can
use
m
any
diff
er
ent
ty
pes
of
di
vi
der
s
s
uc
h
a
s
directi
onal
couplers
,
T
-
junc
ti
on
sp
li
tt
ers
and
W
il
kin
s
on
sp
li
tt
ers.
The
T
-
ju
nction
powe
r
di
vid
er
is
the
sim
plest
on
e,
it
i
s
a
three
-
po
rt
netw
ork
with
one
in
pu
t
and
tw
o
outp
uts.
H
oweve
r,
disad
va
ntages
of
this
ci
rc
uit
is
the
poor
isolat
ion
bet
we
en
ou
t
pu
t
ports.
To
so
l
ve
this
prob
le
m
,
a
wilkin
son
po
wer
sp
li
tt
er
(
WPD)
will
be
us
e
d
in
this
a
rtic
le
.
In
the
wi
nk
i
nson
powe
r
div
id
er
the
sh
unt
resist
or
inse
rted
bet
ween
the
ou
t
put
ports
will
create
a
hig
h
iso
la
ti
on
abili
ty
.
Sing
le
sect
ion
WPD i
s sho
wn in
Fig
ur
e
2 [
4]
.
The
2
-
way
Wilkins
on
powe
r
div
ide
r
us
es
a
qu
a
rter
wa
vele
ng
t
h
(λ/4
)
li
ne
to
c
oord
i
nate
t
he
i
nput
Z
o
i
m
ped
ance
with the 2*Z
o
im
ped
a
nce c
onne
ct
ing
the tw
o
outp
uts.
T
hen
th
e i
m
ped
ance of
the seg
m
ent λ/
4
will
be
Z
/4
=
√
2
*
Z
0
.
T
his
di
vid
er
achieves
narrow
ba
nd.
I
n
ord
er
t
o
ac
hieve
wide
band
di
vi
der
/c
om
bin
er,
this
pap
e
r
pro
po
s
e
s
a
m
ulti
-
sect
i
on
im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
m
et
ho
d
with
λ/4
se
gm
ents
at
the
2.65G
Hz
f
re
quency
center.
N
um
ber
of
sect
io
ns
is
ch
oo
se
n
2
a
nd
Z
0
=
50
,
an
d
Z
L
=
100
Ω.
Ta
ble
1
sho
ws
th
e
cal
culat
ion
r
esults
of the im
ped
an
ce cha
racteri
sti
cs of the
WPD.
The
WPD
us
e
s
a
s
ub
trat
e
F
R4
1.5m
m
heigh
t
with
a
diel
ect
ric
substrat
e
of
4.3
4
a
nd
a
thick
ness
of
0.035m
m
,
the
l
eng
t
h
an
d
widt
h
of
t
he
m
ic
ro
s
trip
li
ne
is
cal
c
ulate
d
by
li
nca
lc
too
l
in
Adva
nce
Desi
gn
Sy
stem
so
ft
war
e
,
the
s
chem
at
ic
diagra
m
of
pro
po
se
d
W
P
D
is
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
3
and
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
is
show
n
in
Figure
4
.
F
r
om
the
Figu
re
4,
it
can
be
figure
d
ou
t
that
the
transm
issio
n
c
oeffici
ent
is
go
od
at
-
3.3
dB,
the
forw
a
r
d
ref
le
ct
ion
S
11
is
le
ss
than
-
25dB
a
nd
the
at
te
nuat
ion
c
oeffici
ent
is
le
ss
than
-
19.
0d
B
on
t
he
2G
Hz
to
3GHz
ba
nd.
(a)
(b)
Figure
2
.
Th
e
s
e figure
s ar
e;
(
a)
w
il
kin
s
on pow
e
r de
vid
er
in
m
ic
ro
-
trip
fo
rm
,
(b)
e
quival
ent tra
ns
m
issi
o
n
li
ne
ci
rcu
it
Table
1.
C
har
a
ct
eri
sti
cs
i
m
ped
ance
s
of
WPD
No
of
sectio
n
Zo
Z
1
Z
2
Two
50
8
4
.09
5
9
.46
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
3
3
0
-
3
3
7
332
Figure
3
.
Sc
he
m
at
ic
d
ia
gr
am
of m
ulti
-
sect
io
n WDP
Figure
4
.
Th
e
s
i
m
ulate
d
res
ults o
f WP
D
2.2
.
Desig
n
of p
ower
amp
li
fier
To
desig
n
45
W
powe
r
am
plifie
r,
the
arti
cl
e
sel
ect
s
appr
opriat
e
tra
ns
ist
or
t
hat
is
P
TF
A26
0451E
transisto
r
pro
vi
ded
by
infi
neon
Tech
nolo
gie
s.
It
is
a
therm
al
ly
-
enh
a
nced
high
po
wer
L
DMOS
FET
tr
ansisto
r
with
45
W
out
pu
t
pow
er
an
d
opera
te
at
2.6
5
GH
z
ce
nter
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
To
desi
gn
a
pow
er
am
plifie
r
is
do
ne
thr
ough the
foll
ow
in
g st
eps:
Firstl
y,
transist
or
m
us
t
be
che
ck
f
or
sta
bili
ty
us
in
g
the
s
-
pa
ram
et
er
of
the
transisto
r.
T
he
a
m
plifie
r
m
us
t
be
sta
blilized
within
th
e
require
d
fr
e
qu
ency
range
.
O
ne
of
the
sta
nd
ard
s
us
e
d
to
de
te
rm
ine
sta
bili
ty
of
PA
is t
o use
pa
ram
et
ers
K
an
d Δ
[4
]
:
=
1
−
|
11
|
2
−
|
22
|
2
+
|
11
22
−
12
21
|
2
2
|
12
21
|
(
1
)
∆
=
11
22
−
12
21
(2)
A
P
A o
per
at
es
un
c
onditi
onal
ly
stable i
f
K>1 an
d
|
|<
1.
Seco
nd
ly
, Bas
ed
on the scatt
erin
g
par
am
et
e
r
of
the tra
ns
ist
or
to
desi
gn
a input and o
ut
put im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
of
t
he
tra
ns
ist
or
with
the
s
ourc
e
and
l
oad
im
ped
a
nce.
The
r
e
are
m
any
m
et
hods
of
desi
gn
i
ng
i
m
ped
ance
m
at
ching
suc
h
a
s
us
in
g
l
um
ped
el
e
m
ents;
m
i
cro
tri
p
li
ne
s
uc
h
as
sin
gle
-
st
ub
or
double
-
stub.
Howe
ver,
thes
e
m
e
tho
ds
give
na
rrow
im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
.
I
n
order
to
achieve
hi
gh
powe
r
with
w
id
eba
nd
i
m
ped
ance
m
a
tc
hin
g
a
nd
sta
bili
ty
,
this
des
ign
pro
poses
us
in
g
t
he
m
ulti
-
sect
ion
tran
s
form
ers.
The
PA
is
desig
ne
d
at
2.
65
G
Hz
center
f
reque
ncy.
The
PA
co
ns
ist
s
of
input
i
m
ped
an
ce
m
at
ching
,
outp
ut
m
at
ching,
an
d
DC
biasi
ng
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
DC
powe
r
is
supp
li
e
d
acr
oss
quarte
r
-
wavel
eng
th
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
ne
so
a
s
no
t
to inter
fer
e
w
it
h
the
A
C
sig
na
ls.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
high
po
we
r
am
plif
ier
base
d on wi
lk
inson
powe
r c
ombi
n
er f
or
wi
r
el
ess
…
(
Tra
n
Va
n Ho
i)
333
Figure
5
.
Sc
he
m
at
ic
d
ia
gr
am
of PA
The
PA
al
so
us
es
t
he
s
ubtr
at
e
FR4
with
a
hei
gh
t
of
1.5m
m
,
diele
ct
ri
c
substrat
e
of
4.3
4
a
nd
a
thickne
ss
of
0.0
35
m
m
.
To
si
m
ulate
a
m
pl
ifie
r
ci
rcu
it
in
sm
a
ll
s
ign
al
m
od
e,
the
ci
rcu
it
us
es
scat
te
rin
g
par
am
et
ers
with
sim
ulate
d
f
r
equ
e
ncy
range
from
2.2
t
o
3.2
G
Hz.
Fig
ure
6
sho
ws
t
he
resu
lt
s
of
sim
ulati
on
par
am
et
ers
scat
te
ring
of
the
pro
po
se
d
P
A
c
irc
uit.
From
the
si
m
ulati
on
re
su
lt
s
in
Fig
ur
e
6,
it
sh
ows
t
ha
t
the
powe
r
gain of
t
he
am
plifie
r
cir
cuit i
s g
reater
than
10
dB w
it
h
the isolat
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt (
S
12)
a
nd
the
retu
rn
los
s
is l
ess tha
n
-
10
dB
on b
a
ndwi
dt
h
Figure
6
.
Sim
ulate
d
res
ults o
f S p
a
ram
et
ers
Fo
r
power
am
plifie
r
ci
rcu
it
s,
in
a
ddit
ion
to
the
c
har
act
erist
ic
par
am
et
ers
s
uch
as
outp
ut
powe
r
le
ve
l
(P
out
),
g
ai
n
(
G), ther
e are also extrem
el
y
i
m
p
or
ta
nt p
aram
eter
s that are d
ra
in ef
fici
ency (
DE)
a
nd
power add
e
d
eff
ic
ie
ncy
(PA
E).
The
dr
ai
n
eff
ic
ie
ncy
is
determ
ined
by
the
rati
o
of
the
ou
t
pu
t
po
wer
(
P
out
)
to
the
dissipated
powe
r
(
P
DC
) [4]
:
=
(3)
The
powe
r
a
dded
ef
fici
ency
is
de
fine
d
by
the
rati
o
of
the
diff
e
re
nce
betwee
n
t
he
outp
ut
an
d
the
input p
o
wer t
o t
he
dissi
pated
powe
r
[
4]:
=
−
(4)
Perfo
rm
ci
rcu
it
si
m
ulati
on
w
it
h
supp
li
es
powe
r
Vd
s=
28
V
an
d
V
gs
=
-
3.5
V.
T
he
pow
er
am
plifie
r
op
e
rates
at
2.6
5
GH
z
with
i
nput
powe
r
le
ve
ls
from
20
to
45
db
m
.
The
Si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
of
power
ad
de
d
eff
ic
ie
ncy a
re show
n
in
Fig
ure
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
3
3
0
-
3
3
7
334
Figure
7
.
Sim
ulate
d
res
ults o
f PAE
3.
E
X
PERI
MEN
TAL
RES
UL
TS
A
ND
D
IS
CUSSIO
NS
Ba
sed
on
the
desig
ne
d
W
P
D
ci
rcu
it
,
the
layou
t
of
the
ci
r
cuit
is
design
e
d
an
d
fabrica
te
d
us
in
g
the
LPK
F
C4
0. T
he
W
P
D
’s
pr
i
nted
ci
rc
uit b
oa
r
d
(P
CB
)
is
sho
wn in
Figure
8
.
T
he WP
D’
s
PCB
circuit i
s m
easur
ed usin
g
V
ect
or N
et
work A
na
ly
zer
Anrit
su
.
The fo
rw
a
r
d
transm
issi
on
of
WPD
is
s
hown
in
Er
r
or!
Ref
ere
nce
s
ourc
e
not
found
.
.
It
s
hows
the
f
orward
gain
of
-
3.3
26
dB in
co
m
par
is
on w
it
h a si
m
ulati
on
’s f
orward
gain o
f
-
3.3
23
dB in
Fig
ur
e
6
.
The
P
A
ci
rcu
it
is
desi
gn
e
d
a
nd
fa
bri
cat
ed
e
xperim
ental
ly
with
supp
li
es Vd
s
an
d
Vg
s
th
rough
t
he
DC
and
RF
filt
ers.
The
pri
nted
c
ircuit
bo
a
r
d
of
PA
is
show
n
Figure
1
0
.
T
he
dr
ai
n
c
urre
nt
has
m
easur
ed
about
1000
m
A.
The
m
easur
ed
res
ults
of
S
par
a
m
et
er
us
ing
V
ect
or
Net
wor
k
An
al
yz
er
is
s
how
n
in
the
f
ol
lowing
fig
ur
es
.
T
he
m
easur
em
ent
res
ult i
n
the
Figure
10
dete
rm
ines
a
peak
gain
of
13.
519
dB
at
2.6
45
GH
z
,
w
orki
ng
in
a
wide
fr
e
quency
range
from
2.
45
G
Hz
to
3G
Hz
a
nd
hav
i
ng
a
gain
gr
eat
er
tha
n
11.5
dB.
From
Fi
gure
11,
it
sho
ws
that
t
he
gain
is
th
e
sam
e b
et
ween
si
m
ulati
on
and
the m
easur
ed
re
su
lt
s
.
Figure
8
.
WPD’s
pr
i
nt
ed
ci
rc
ui
t bo
a
rd
Figu
re
9.
The
forwar
d
t
ran
sm
i
ssion o
f WP
D
Fr
om
Figure
12,
it
can
be
se
en
t
he
value
of
the
forw
a
r
d
ref
le
ct
io
n
(S
11
)
achieves
-
26.
657
dB
at
2.639
5GHz
an
d
is
le
ss
than
-
10
dB
in
ba
nd
from
2.
5GH
z
to
2.
8G
Hz.
Lo
ok
i
ng
at
the
si
m
ulati
on
resu
lt
in
Figure
6
a
nd m
easur
em
ent r
es
ults in
Fig
ur
e
12, it s
hows
a
re
la
ti
vely
g
ood s
i
m
i
la
rity
.
The
m
easur
em
ent
res
ult
of
S
22
in
Fig
ur
e
13
shows
that
it
reaches
-
24.45
7
dB
at
2.7
55
GH
z
an
d
is
le
ss
than
-
15
dB
in
the
wor
kin
g
f
reque
ncy
ba
nd.
T
he
m
easur
e
d
ou
t
pu
t
ret
urn
lo
ss
c
om
par
ed
t
o
the
sim
u
la
te
d
value
is
quit
e s
i
m
i
la
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
high
po
we
r
am
plif
ier
base
d on wi
lk
inson
powe
r c
ombi
n
er f
or
wi
r
el
ess
…
(
Tra
n
Va
n Ho
i)
335
The
la
r
ge
signa
ls
of
PA
ci
rc
uit
wer
e
m
eas
ur
e
d
us
i
ng
S
pe
ct
ru
m
analy
z
er
ESP
13
R
ohde&S
c
hwa
r
z
and
Sig
nal
Ge
ner
at
or
8648C
Ag
il
ent.
Fig
ure
13
il
lust
rates
the
m
easur
em
ent’s
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
of
49.3
dBm
at
input p
ower
of
37 d
Bm
.
Figure
9
.
P
ow
e
r
am
plifie
r’
s
pri
nted
ci
rc
uit b
oa
rd
Figure
10
. T
he
forwar
d
tra
nsm
issi
on
of
PA
Figure
11
. T
he
m
easur
e
m
ent r
esult
of in
pu
t
return
loss S
11
Figure
12
. T
he
m
easur
e
m
ent r
esult
of outp
ut
r
et
urn
loss S
22
Figure
13
.
O
utp
ut
powe
r of P
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
2021
:
3
3
0
-
3
3
7
336
Table
2
s
how
s
the
resu
lt
s
of
c
om
par
ing
the
the
powe
r
a
m
plifie
r
si
m
ulati
on
a
nd
m
easur
e
rm
ent
perform
ance
in
the
fr
eq
ue
ncy
band
(
2.4
5
GHz
–
3.0
G
Hz)
.
The
res
ults
sho
w
a
m
easur
ed
gain
of
11.
5
dB
and
a
po
wer
a
dd
e
d
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
61.1%
for
an
i
nput
pow
er
of
37
dBm
at
2.
65
G
Hz.
Ta
ble
3
sho
ws
the
re
su
lt
s
of
com
par
ing
the
par
am
et
ers
of
the
pro
posed
de
sign
wit
h
the
previ
ou
sly
publi
sh
e
d
wor
ks
.
F
r
om
the
ta
ble
it
can
be
see
n
t
hat th
e pro
posed
d
e
s
ign
has
the
highest
ou
t
pu
t
po
wer an
d ba
ndw
idth.
Table
2
.
Me
as
ur
e
d
a
nd sim
ul
at
ed
res
ults
with in
put p
ower
of 37
dBm
Si
m
u
latio
n
Measu
re
m
en
t
Po
u
t (
d
B
m
)
4
9
.5
4
9
.3
Gain
(
d
B)
1
4
.02
1
1
.5
PAE
(%)
6
3
.2
6
2
.1
Table
3
.
C
om
par
isi
on w
it
h st
a
te
o
f
the a
rt
Ref
erence
Frequ
en
cy
(
GHz
)
Po
u
t (
d
B
m
)
Gain
(
d
B)
PAE
(%)
6
2
.45
5
0
.4
9
.2
62
7
2
.5
-
3
.8
4
8
.8
-
4
9
.8
9
.3
-
1
2
.7
54
-
67
8
1
.3
-
3
.4
4
2
.2
-
4
3
.9
7
.2
-
1
1
.2
45
–
6
2
.3
This
work
2
.4
-
3
.0
4
8
.5
-
4
9
.3
1
1
.5
-
1
3
.5
54
-
6
2
.1
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
c
on
cl
us
io
n,
the
power
am
plifie
r
f
or
wire
le
ss
com
m
un
icati
on
s
at
cente
r
fr
e
quue
ncy
of
2.6
5GHz
has
bee
n
s
ucce
ssfu
ll
y
desig
ne
d
a
nd
fa
br
ic
at
e
d.
The
tw
o
45W
powe
r
am
plifie
rs
was
desi
gn
e
d
us
i
ng
LD
MOS
FET.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
com
bin
ing
two
powe
r
am
pl
ifie
r
m
od
ul
es
us
in
g
W
il
ki
ns
on
pr
oduces
up
to
90
W
of
ou
tp
ut
powe
r.
T
his
te
chnolo
gy
c
an
be
ap
plied
to
com
bin
e
highe
r
powe
r
if
it
use
n
-
way
W
P
D.
T
he
m
easur
em
ent
resu
lt
s
ha
ve
be
en
achive
d
the o
ut
pu
t
po
wer
of
49.
3
dBm
;
PA
E
of
62.
1%;
the
f
orward
gai
n
of
13.
5
dB
is
m
or
e
than
11.5
dB
inb
a
nd
an
d
the
input/
ou
t
pu
t
r
et
urn
losse
d
is
le
ss
than
-
10
dB.
T
he
desi
gned
am
plifie
r
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
4G,
5G m
ob
il
e com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s and S
-
ba
nd satel
li
te
co
m
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Raz
a
,
A.,
and
Gengle
r
,
J.
,
“
Design
of
a
70
W
Wi
deba
nd
GaN
HEMT
Pow
er
A
mpl
ifi
e
r
with
60%
Eff
ic
i
ency
ove
r
100
-
1000
MH
z
Bandwidt
h,
”
in
2018
IEE
E
Topical
Confe
ren
ce
on
RF
/Microwave
Powe
r
Amplif
ie
rs
for
Radi
o
and
Wirel
ess A
pp
li
ca
ti
ons (
PA
WR)
,
Mar.
2018
,
pp
.
7
2
-
74,
doi
:
10
.
11
09/PAW
R.
2018.
8310071
.
[2]
Rac
hakh
,
A.
,
El
Abdell
aou
i,
L.,
Zbi
tou
,
J.
,
E
rrki
k,
A.
,
T
aj
m
ouati
,
A.
,
and
L
at
r
ac
h
,
M.
,
“
A
No
vel
Configura
ti
on
of
a
Microstri
p
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
base
d
on
GaAs
-
FET
for
ISM
Applic
at
ions
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
El
ectric
a
l
and
Computer
Engi
n
ee
ring (
IJE
C
E)
,
vol.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
pp
.
3882
-
3889,
Oc
t 2018
,
doi
:
10
.
11
591/i
jece
.
v8i5
.
p
p3882
-
3889.
[3]
A.P.
Freundor
fe
r,
et
a
l.,
“
A
Com
pac
t
90W
Broadba
nd
Dohert
y
Am
pli
fie
r,
”
In
2
016
14th
IEEE
I
nte
rnational
N
e
w
Circui
ts and
Sys
te
ms
Confe
ren
ce (
NEWCA
S)
,
Jun.
2016
,
pp
.
1
-
4
,
doi:
10
.
1109/NE
W
CAS
.
2016.
7604742
.
[4]
David
M.
Pozar
,
“
Microwa
ve En
gine
er
ing,
”
John
Willey
&
Son
s
,
2005.
[5]
Mabrok,
M.,
Zakari
a
,
Z.,
Sutikn
o,
T.,
and
Alhe
gaz
i
,
A
,
“
W
ide
band
power
amplifi
er
base
d
on
W
il
kinson
power
divi
der
for
S
-
ba
nd
sate
llite
comm
unic
at
ions
,”
B
ull
etin
of
Elec
tric
al
Engi
n
ee
ring a
nd
Informatic
s
(
BE
EI)
,
vol.
8,
n
o.
4,
pp
.
1531
-
153
6
,
De
c
2
019
,
doi
:
10.
11591
/eei.
v
8i4.
1552
.
[6]
Naka
ta
n
i,
K
.
,
a
nd
Ishiza
ki
,
T.
,
“
A
2.
4
GH
z
-
Band
100W
GaN
-
HEMT
High
-
Eff
iciency
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
fo
r
Microwa
ve
He
ating
,
”
Journal
o
f el
e
ct
rom
agnet
i
c engi
ne
ering
and
scie
nc
e
,
vo
l. 15
,
no.
2,
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-
88
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Apr
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2015
,
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82
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P.
,
Hou,
R.
,
He
ll
ber
g
,
R.
,
and
Berg
lund,
B.
,
“
An
80W
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
w
it
h
50%
Ef
ficien
c
y
at
8dB
Pow
er
Bac
k
-
off
over
2
.
6
-
3.
8
GH
z
,
”
In
2
019
IEE
E
MTT
-
S
Inte
rnational
Mic
rowave
S
ymposium (
IMS
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un.
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Saad,
P.,
Maa
ss
en,
D.,
and
Boe
c
k,
G
,
“
Eff
ic
ie
n
t
and
W
ide
band
T
wo
-
Stage
100
W
GaN
-
HEMT
Po
wer
Am
pli
fie
r
,
”
In
2014
9th
European
Mic
rowave
Int
eg
rated
Circui
t
Confe
renc
e
,
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2014,
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-
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um
ic
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Jia,
P.,
You
,
F.,
and
He,
S.
,
“
A
1.
8
–
3.
4
-
GH
z
Ban
dwidth
-
Im
prove
d
Rec
onfigur
able
Mode
Dohert
y
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
Util
izing
Sw
it
ch
es
,
”
IE
EE
Mi
crowave
and
Wire
le
ss
Components
Lett
ers
,
v
ol
.
3
0,
no.
1,
pp
.
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-
105,
Jan
.
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0
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10
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1109/LM
W
C.
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Bhardwa
j,
S.
,
an
d
Kitc
hen
,
J.,
“
B
roa
dband
Para
ll
e
l
Dohert
y
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
in
Ga
N
for
5G
Applic
at
ions
,
”
In
2019
IEE
E
Topi
cal
C
onfe
renc
e
on
R
F
/Mi
crowav
e
Po
wer
Ampli
fiers
f
or
Radi
o
and
Wi
rele
ss
Appl
i
cat
io
ns
(
PA
WR)
,
May
.
2019
,
pp
.
1
-
3
,
d
oi:
10
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1109/PAW
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2019.
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Ila
m
ara
n
,
S.
G.
I
.
,
Yus
off,
Z.,
an
d
Sam
pe,
J.
,
“
0.
5GH
z
-
1.
5GH
z
Bandwidt
h
10W
GaN
HEMT
RF
Pow
er
Am
pli
fier
Design
,
”
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
of
El
ec
tri
cal
and
Computer
Engi
nee
ring
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
8,
no.
3,
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-
1843,
Jun.
2018
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11
5
91/i
jece
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v8i3
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p
p1837
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1843
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of
high
po
we
r
am
plif
ier
base
d on wi
lk
inson
powe
r c
ombi
n
er f
or
wi
r
el
ess
…
(
Tra
n
Va
n Ho
i)
337
[12]
Barmala
,
E
.
,
“
Design
and
sim
ula
t
e
a
doh
erty
power
amplifie
r
using
GaAs
t
ec
hnolog
y
for
t
el
e
comm
unic
at
i
on
appl
i
ca
t
ions
,
”
In
donesian
Journal
of
Elec
tri
cal
E
ngine
ering
and
Computer
Sci
en
ce
(
IJE
ECS)
,
vol.
15,
n
o
.
2,
p
p
.
845
-
854,
Aug
.
2
019
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doi
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jeec
s.v15
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pp845
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Riba
te,
M.
,
Man
dr
y
,
R.
,
Zbi
tou
,
J.,
E
l
Abde
ll
aou
i
,
L
.
,
Err
kik
,
A.
,
and
L
at
ra
ch,
M.,
“
1.
25
GH
z
–
3
.
3
GH
z
broa
dban
d
solid
-
stat
e
powe
r
amplifier
for
L
and
S
bands
appl
i
ca
t
ions
,
”
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
Elec
tri
ca
l
and
Comput
er
Engi
ne
ering
(IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
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9
,
n
o
.
5,
pp.
3633~3641,
Oct
2019
,
doi
:
10.
11591/
ij
e
ce.
v9i5.
pp3633
-
36
41
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Riba
te,
M.
,
Zbi
t
ou,
J.,
Mand
y
,
R.
,
Erki
k
,
A.
,
and
La
tr
ac
h
,
M.,
“
Broadba
nd
GaAs
FET
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
for
L
and
S
Bands
Applic
ati
o
ns,
”
Inte
rnatio
nal
Journal
of
Inte
lligent
Engi
n
ee
ring
and
Syst
ems
,
vol.
11,
n
o.
5,
pp.
96
-
10
5,
2018
,
doi
:
10
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22
266/i
jies2018.10
31.
09
.
[15]
Rac
hakh
,
A.
,
El
Abdell
aou
i,
L.,
Zbi
tou
,
J.
,
E
rrki
k,
A.
,
T
aj
m
ouati
,
A.
,
and
L
at
r
ac
h
,
M.
,
“
A
Novel
Configura
ti
on
of
a
M
ic
rostrip
Micr
owave
W
ide
ban
d
Pow
er
A
m
pli
fie
r
for
W
ire
le
ss
Applic
a
ti
on,
”
TEL
KOMNIKA
(T
el
e
communic
ation,
Computing,
El
e
c
tronic
s and
Con
t
rol)
,
vol.
16
,
no
.
1,
pp
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2014
-
203
1,
2018
,
doi
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12928/t
el
kom
ni
ka.
v16i1
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MS
.
Khan,
et
al.
,
“
A
Novel
Tw
o
-
Stage
Broadb
and
Dohert
y
Po
wer
Am
pli
fie
r
for
W
ire
le
ss
Ap
pli
c
at
ions,
”
IEEE
Mic
rowave
and
Wirel
ess Compo
nent
s Let
te
rs
,
vo
l.
28
,
no
.
1
,
pp
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4
0
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42,
2018
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doi
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C.
2017.
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Mabrok,
M.
,
Z
a
kar
ia,
Z
.
,
and
Saiful
l
ah,
N.
,
“
De
sign
of
W
ide
-
ba
nd
Pow
er
Am
pli
f
ier
Based
on
Pow
er
Com
bine
r
Te
chn
ique
with
Low
Inte
rm
odul
at
ion
Distor
ti
on,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
of
E
le
c
t
rical
and
Comp
ute
r
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
8
,
n
o.
5
,
pp
.
3504
-
3511,
2018
,
doi
: 10.11591/
i
je
c
e.
v
8i5.
pp3504
-
351
1
.
[18]
Moham
ed
R
.
,
R
ac
hid
M
.
,
Jam
al
Z
.
,
La
rbi
A.
,
Ah
m
ed
E
.
,
Moham
ed
L
.
,
Ahm
ed
L
.
,
“
A
tra
de
-
off
de
sign
of
m
ic
rostrip
broa
dband
powe
r
amplifi
er
for
UH
F
appl
ic
ation
s”
,
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
El
e
c
tric
al
and
Comp
ute
r
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
(IJECE),
vo
l.
10
,
n
o.
1,
pp.
919~927
,
Feb
2020.
[19]
Ta
n,
J.
,
Yuk,
K.
S.,
and
Br
anne
r
,
G.
R.
,
“
Design
of
a
high
powe
r,
wideba
nd
po
wer
amplifi
er
using
AlGaN/GaN
HEMT,
”
In
20
17
IEEE
18th
Wireless
and
Mic
rowav
e
T
ec
hnolog
y
Conf
ere
nce
(
WAM
ICON)
,
2017
,
doi
:
10.
1109/WA
MICO
N.2017.
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[20]
Rac
hakh
,
A.
,
E
l
Abdellaoui,
L
.
,
Zbi
t
ou
,
J.
,
Err
kik,
A.
,
Ta
jmou
at
i
,
A.
,
and
Lat
rac
h,
M.
,
“
A
Novel
Design
o
f
a
Microstri
p
Micr
owave
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
for
DCS
Applic
at
io
n
using
Coll
ec
t
or
-
Feedba
ck
Bi
as
,
”
Int
ernati
on
al
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rical
and
Co
mputer
Engi
neer
ing
(
IJE
CE)
,
v
ol.
8,
no.
5,
pp.
3504
-
3
511,
Oct.
2018,
d
oi:
10.
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v
8i3.
pp1647
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3.
[21]
Darra
ji,
R.
,
Bha
skar,
D.,
Sharm
a,
T.,
Hela
ou
i,
M.,
Mous
avi
,
P.
,
and
Ghannouc
hi,
F.
M.
,
“
Gene
ral
i
ze
d
The
o
r
y
a
nd
Design
Methodol
og
y
of
W
ideband
Dohert
y
Am
pli
fie
rs
Applie
d
to
th
e
Realizat
ion
of
an
Oct
ave
-
B
andwid
th
Protot
y
p
e,”
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Mic
rowave
Theory
and
Techni
ques
,
vol.
65,
no.
8,
pp.
3014
–
3023,
Aug.
2017
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doi:
10
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1109/TM
TT
.
2017.
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438
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[22]
Rubio,
J.
J.
M.,
Camarc
hia
,
V.
,
Pirola
,
M.,
and
Quagli
a,
R.
,
“
Design
of
an
87
%
Frac
ti
onal
Ba
ndwidth
Dohert
y
Pow
er
A
m
pli
fier
Supported
b
y
a
Sim
pli
fie
d
Ba
ndwidth
Esti
m
ation
Method,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansa
ctio
ns
on
Microwa
ve
The
or
y
and Tec
hnique
s,
vo
l. 66, no. 3, pp. 1319
-
1327,
Mar
.
2018
,
doi
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1109/TM
TT
.
2017.
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586
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[23]
Fa
ng,
X.
H.
,
Liu,
H.
Y.
,
Ch
en
g,
K.
K.
M.,
a
nd
Boum
ai
za,
S.
,
“
Modifie
d
Dohert
y
Am
pli
fi
e
r
W
it
h
Extende
d
Bandwidt
h
and
Bac
k
-
Off
Pow
er
Range
Us
ing
O
pti
m
iz
ed
Peak
C
om
bini
ng
Curre
nt
Ra
ti
o,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Mic
rowave
Theo
ry
and
Tech
niqu
es
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vol
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66
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-
535
7
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2018
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Sa
ad,
P
.
,
Hou,
R
.
,
H
el
lb
erg
,
R.
,
a
nd
Bergl
und
,
B
.
,
“
A
1.
8
-
3.
8
-
G
Hz
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
W
it
h
40%
E
ffic
i
ency
at
8
-
dB
Pow
er
Bac
k
-
Off,”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Mic
rowave
Theory
and
Techni
ques
,
vol
.
66,
no.
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pp.
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4882,
Nov.
2018
,
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11
09/T
MTT
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2018.
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[25]
Jia,
P.,
You
,
F.,
and
He,
S.
,
“
A
1.
8
–
3.
4
-
GH
z
Ban
dwidth
-
Im
prove
d
Rec
onfigur
able
Mode
Dohert
y
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
Util
izing
Sw
it
c
hes
,
”
IE
EE
Mi
crowave
and
Ưirel
ess
Components
Lett
ers
,
v
ol.
30,
n
o
.
1,
Jan
.
2020
,
doi:
10.
1109/L
MW
C.
2019.
2951215
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Dr.
Tran
Van
Hoi
recei
ved
an
Engi
nee
r
ing
de
gre
e
in
tele
comm
unic
at
ion
t
ec
h
nique
s
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Tr
ansport
and
comm
unic
at
ions
(UTC)
in
2001.
He
obta
ine
d
a
Master
’s
degr
e
e
in
rad
io
e
lectr
oni
cs
and
comm
unicati
ons
from
Le
Qu
y
Don
T
ec
hn
ic
a
l
Univer
sit
y
i
n
2004.
From
2001
to
2017,
He
was
a
le
ct
ur
er
at
Coll
eg
e
of
Ra
dio
and
Te
l
evi
si
on
1,
Radi
o
the
Voice
of
Viet
Nam
.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
Ph.D
degr
ee
in
Elec
troni
cs
T
ec
hnolog
y
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
in
Univer
sit
y
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Te
chnol
og
y
,
Vi
et
Nam
Nati
onal
Univer
sit
y
in
2
018.
Since
2018
,
He
has
bee
n
working
at
Thu
y
Lo
i
Univer
sit
y
.
His
r
ese
arc
h
int
er
ests
rel
a
te
t
o
RF
design,
RF
chi
p
design
,
W
ire
ll
ess
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on.
Emai
l
:
hoit
v@
tl
u
.
edu.vn
.
M.
S.
Ngo
Th
i
Lan
h
was
born
in
Nam
Dinh
Province
,
Vi
et
Nam
,
in
1977.
She
rec
e
ive
d
a
Bac
he
lor
of
E
le
c
troni
cs
and
Te
lecom
m
unic
at
ions
from
Univer
sit
y
of
E
ngine
er
ing
and
Te
chno
log
y
,
Vi
et
nam
Nat
iona
l
Univer
sit
y
in
2001.
She
ob
ta
i
ned
Master
’s
d
egr
ee
in
r
adio
el
e
ct
roni
cs
and
comm
un
ic
at
ions
from
Le
Qu
y
D
on
Te
chn
ic
a
l
Un
ive
rsit
y
in
2004.
From
2001
t
o
2018
,
She
was
a
le
ct
ur
er
at
Col
l
ege
of
Radi
o
an
d
Te
le
v
ision
1,
Radi
o
the
Voic
e
of
Viet
Nam
.
Since
2019
,
She
has
worked
at
Univer
sit
y
of
Tra
n
sport
Te
chno
log
y
.
Her
r
ese
ar
ch
f
ocuse
s
on
RF
des
ign
,
Autom
atic
Con
trol
,
W
ire
l
le
ss
Com
m
unic
at
ion. E
m
ai
l
:
la
nh
nt@ut
t.edu.
vn
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.