I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
12
~
21
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijeecs.v
24
.i
1
.
pp
12
-
21
12
J
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e
:
h
ttp
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//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
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Co
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ize
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ra
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ID
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tr
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ll
e
r
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re
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
d
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th
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a
re
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n
o
n
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re
h
e
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t
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rm
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l
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o
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r
sy
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m
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se
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d
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d
v
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n
t
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g
e
s
o
f
t
h
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S
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d
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ID
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o
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ll
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ID
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t
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m
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ID
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tro
ll
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d
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m
o
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a
re
a
re
h
e
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rm
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l
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r
sy
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m
.
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se
e
n
th
a
t
S
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b
a
se
d
CF
P
I
D
c
o
n
tr
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ll
e
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m
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re
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ffe
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ti
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n
c
o
n
tr
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ll
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n
g
th
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re
c
u
rre
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
wit
h
P
ID reg
u
lat
o
r.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
m
b
in
ed
f
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zz
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PID
E
lectr
ic
v
eh
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Fre
q
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en
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c
o
n
tr
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l
Sin
e
co
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e
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ap
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im
p
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ed
W
OA
Sm
ar
t g
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id
W
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ale
o
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tim
izatio
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o
r
ith
m
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sm
r
u
tira
n
jan
Nay
a
k
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
I
T
E
R
,
Sik
s
h
a
’
O’
An
u
s
an
d
h
an
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
B
h
u
b
an
eswar
,
Od
is
h
a,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: sm
r
u
tik
iit4
0
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
u
n
p
r
e
d
ictab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
o
lar
&
wi
n
d
p
o
wer
,
elec
tr
ical
v
eh
icles,
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
r
an
d
o
m
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
m
o
d
er
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
[
1
]
.
I
n
s
u
ch
a
s
itu
atio
n
,
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
I
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
(
P
S)
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
g
r
e
y
wo
lf
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
GW
O)
tu
n
ed
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
(
PI
)
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
-
d
er
i
v
ativ
e
(
PID
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
a
n
d
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
as
b
ee
n
m
a
d
e
w
ith
alik
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
2
]
.
I
n
ar
tific
ial
-
b
ee
-
co
l
o
n
y
(
AB
C
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
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E
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g
&
C
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p
Sci
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N:
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4
7
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C
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fu
z
z
y
P
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D
r
eg
u
la
to
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fo
r
fr
eq
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cy
r
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u
la
tio
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o
f sma
r
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r
i
d
a
n
d
…
(
S
mru
tir
a
n
ja
n
N
a
ya
k
)
13
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
th
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
PID
an
d
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
r
eh
ea
t
th
er
m
al
PS
[
3
]
.
A
teac
h
in
g
lear
n
in
g
-
b
ase
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
T
L
B
O)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
two
test
s
y
s
tem
s
[
4
]
.
A
s
y
m
b
io
tic
o
r
g
a
n
is
m
s
ea
r
ch
(
SOS)
b
ased
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
f
o
r
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
r
ee
test
s
y
s
tem
s
[
5
]
.
A
r
elativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
L
FC
b
y
f
ir
ef
ly
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
[
6
]
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
Fire
f
ly
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
FA
)
a
n
d
p
a
tter
n
s
ea
r
ch
s
ch
em
e
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
u
lti
-
ar
ea
PS
in
clu
d
i
n
g
g
e
n
er
atio
n
r
ate
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
(
GR
C
)
[
7
]
.
A
PID
with
a
f
i
lter
o
p
tim
ized
b
y
th
e
J
ay
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
an
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
PS
[
8
]
.
Fo
r
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
two
-
a
r
ea
n
o
n
-
r
e
h
ea
t
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
,
g
e
n
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GA
)
a
n
d
b
ac
ter
ial
f
o
r
a
g
in
g
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
B
FOA
)
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
A
m
o
d
if
i
ed
d
if
f
er
en
tial
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
(
DE
)
o
p
tim
ized
f
u
zz
y
PID
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
f
o
r
lo
ad
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
lex
ib
le
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
(
FAC
T
S
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
1
1
]
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
-
p
ar
ticle
-
s
war
m
-
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
p
atter
n
-
s
ea
r
ch
(
h
PS
O
-
PS
)
o
p
tim
ized
f
u
zz
y
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
u
lti
-
ar
ea
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
PS
[
1
2
]
.
A
f
u
zz
y
ai
d
ed
PID
with
f
ilter
-
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
o
r
d
er
-
in
teg
r
al
(
FP
I
DN
-
FOI
)
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
tim
ized
b
y
im
p
er
ialis
t
co
m
p
etitiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
test
s
PS
[
1
3
]
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
-
B
FOA
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
AG
C
o
f
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
an
d
lin
ea
r
in
ter
lin
k
ed
PS
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
[
1
4
]
.
As
in
d
icate
d
b
y
n
o
f
r
ee
lu
n
c
h
(
N
FL
)
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
,
n
o
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
f
i
g
h
tin
g
f
it
to
ev
er
y
p
r
o
b
lem
.
W
h
ale
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
W
OA)
is
a
lately
s
u
g
g
ested
tech
n
iq
u
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
o
n
th
e
s
talk
in
g
s
k
ill
o
f
th
e
H
u
m
p
b
ac
k
wh
ale
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
W
OA
is
an
ef
f
icien
t
m
eth
o
d
,
it
h
as
a
p
en
ch
an
t
to
b
e
s
tr
u
ck
in
lo
ca
l
b
ests
wi
th
in
f
er
io
r
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
alter
atio
n
s
o
f
W
OA
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
wr
itin
g
f
o
r
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
W
OA
m
eth
o
d
.
Au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
le
v
y
f
lig
h
t
tr
ajec
to
r
y
,
in
e
r
tia
weig
h
ts
,
s
im
u
lated
an
n
ea
lin
g
(
SA)
,
f
ix
e
d
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
wit
h
DE
to
a
d
v
an
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
OA
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
L
ik
ew
is
e,
s
in
e
an
d
co
s
in
e
ca
p
ac
ities
ar
e
lo
ck
ed
in
f
o
r
d
ec
id
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
'
c
'
o
f
W
OA
in
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
cy
cle.
T
h
e
ex
ten
d
ed
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
at
f
ir
s
t
ch
ec
k
e
d
o
n
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
wo
r
k
s
an
d
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ex
h
i
b
itio
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
PID
r
e
g
u
lato
r
s
ca
n
b
e
jo
in
ed
with
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
FLC
)
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
ies
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
f
u
zz
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
-
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
CF
PID
)
r
eg
u
lato
r
ar
e
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
S
C
iW
OA
s
tr
ateg
y
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
aim
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
SC
iW
O
A
tu
n
ed
C
FP
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
v
er
h
PS
O
-
PS
tu
n
ed
FP
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
h
y
b
r
id
b
ac
ter
ial
f
o
r
ag
i
n
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
-
p
a
r
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
(
h
B
FOA
-
PSO
)
ad
ju
s
ted
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
GA
ad
ju
s
ted
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
B
FOA
ad
ju
s
ted
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
J
A
ad
ju
s
ted
PID
N
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
T
L
B
O
ad
ju
s
ted
PID
co
n
t
r
o
ller
a
r
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
ted
f
o
r
th
e
two
-
ar
ea
n
o
n
-
r
e
h
e
at
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
aim
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
SC
iW
OA
tu
n
ed
C
FP
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
v
er
AB
C
ad
ju
s
ted
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
s
y
m
b
io
tic
o
r
g
a
n
is
m
s
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
SOSA
)
ad
ju
s
ted
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
FA a
d
ju
s
ted
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
f
o
r
two
ar
ea
s
r
eh
ea
t th
e
r
m
al
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ch
ief
o
b
ject
o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
k
i
n
clu
d
es:
a)
T
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
in
e
an
d
co
s
in
e
wo
r
k
ad
ju
s
ted
im
p
r
o
v
ed
wh
ale
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
SC
iW
OA)
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
f
ath
o
m
in
g
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t u
n
d
er
tak
in
g
s
.
b)
T
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
co
m
b
in
ed
f
u
zz
y
PID
(
C
FP
I
D)
r
eg
u
lato
r
f
o
r
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
g
u
id
elin
e
o
f
PS
.
c)
T
o
ass
es
s
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
S
C
i
W
OA
b
ased
C
F
PID
r
eg
u
lato
r
in
a
b
r
illi
an
t
n
etwo
r
k
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
an
d
ass
ess
its
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
io
u
s
g
en
u
in
e
d
u
b
io
u
s
s
itu
atio
n
s
lik
e
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
in
ex
h
au
s
tib
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
ex
p
an
d
e
d
b
u
r
d
en
in
ter
est,
v
ar
i
ety
in
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
b
u
r
d
en
,
an
d
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
in
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
c
e
d
elay
.
d)
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
eq
u
ate
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
er
s
o
m
e
n
ewly
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
f
o
r
id
e
n
t
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2.
R
E
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
S
m
a
rt
g
rid sy
s
t
em
f
o
r
i
nv
estig
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
in
aq
u
a
-
elec
tr
o
ly
s
er
s
,
f
u
el
-
ce
ll,
d
iesel
en
g
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
,
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
,
a
q
u
a
elec
tr
o
ly
s
er
s
,
f
ly
wh
ee
l
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
,
b
atter
y
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
-
v
o
ltaic
an
d
s
o
o
n
as d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
2
.
2
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
c
o
m
po
ne
nts
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
a
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
b
y
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
a)
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
T
h
e
b
r
ee
ze
p
o
wer
y
ield
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
as
(
1
)
.
=
1
2
3
(
1
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
(
2
)
,
N
s
ig
n
if
ies n
o
o
f
u
n
its
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
12
-
21
14
(
)
=
1
+
=
(
2
)
Her
e
N
=1
to
3
b)
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
T
h
e
p
o
wer
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
PV is sh
o
wn
(
3
)
.
)]
25
(
005
.
0
1
[
+
−
=
a
PV
T
S
P
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
is
ef
f
icien
cy
,
S
is
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
PV
ar
r
ay
an
d
is
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
PV
i
s
g
iv
en
b
y
(
4
)
.
(
)
=
1
+
=
(
4
)
ø
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
-
_
+
`
PS
PL
De
la
y
Dela
y
CO
NT
R
O
L
L
E
R
L
U
M
P
E
D
E
V
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sm
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
[
2
4
]
-
[
26]
c)
Aq
u
a
elec
tr
o
ly
s
er
(
AE
)
An
AE
is
a
wh
o
le
p
o
wer
m
ad
e
b
y
win
d
a
n
d
PV c
ells
.
(
)
=
1
+
=
2
(
5
)
d)
Fu
el
ce
ll
(
)
=
1
+
=
(
6
)
Her
e
N
=1
to
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
C
o
mb
in
ed
fu
z
z
y
P
I
D
r
eg
u
la
to
r
fo
r
fr
eq
u
en
cy
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
o
f sma
r
t g
r
i
d
a
n
d
…
(
S
mru
tir
a
n
ja
n
N
a
ya
k
)
15
e)
Diesel e
n
g
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
(
)
=
1
+
=
(
7
)
f)
E
n
er
g
y
s
to
ck
p
ilin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
m
o
d
el
All th
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
c
k
p
ilin
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
llo
w
u
p
o
n
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
zo
n
e
.
(
)
=
1
+
=
(
8
)
(
)
=
1
+
=
(
9
)
g)
Dis
p
lay
in
g
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
icle
T
h
e
L
FC
wa
v
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
t
o
E
V
w
h
i
c
h
b
u
r
n
s
t
h
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o
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n
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in
e
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o
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d
u
r
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r
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g
.
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h
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p
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d
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e
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w
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a
t
m
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w
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l
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c
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i
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p
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b
l
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n
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a
b
l
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V
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h
e
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e
t
-
a
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t
s
s
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ci
f
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c
is
g
o
t
t
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n
i
n
[
2
7
]
.
h)
Dem
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
o
f
in
ten
s
ity
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
I
t is st
ated
b
y
(
1
0
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.
(
)
=
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W
h
er
e
D
is
g
iv
en
as d
am
p
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n
d
M
is
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er
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n
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2
.
3
.
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f
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m
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uzzy
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g
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r
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h
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en
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ased
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r
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r
itical
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ig
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r
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ak
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ted
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t
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f
o
r
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th
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o
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m
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lin
g
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PID
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its
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
in
itial
ap
p
r
o
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h
,
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e
s
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e
p
ick
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d
s
tead
ily
wh
en
th
e
r
eg
u
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r
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r
k
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g
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o
cr
u
s
h
th
e
a
b
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r
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k
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,
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m
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PID
(
C
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D)
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n
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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o
b
u
ild
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e
s
y
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atile
in
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u
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h
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en
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t
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tr
o
d
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ce
d
in
T
a
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1
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Fo
r
th
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r
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ex
p
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o
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th
e
C
FP
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D
r
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lato
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s
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li
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g
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r
s
ar
e
a
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ted
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e
SC
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r
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r
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th
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estrict
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u
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2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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4
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Re
v
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f
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ine c
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s
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djuste
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pro
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WO
A
(
SC
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h
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en
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s
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r
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r
test
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f
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o
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ase
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p
r
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r
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y
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t
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e
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r
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s
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ateg
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d
win
d
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esh
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g
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o
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d
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l w
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ap
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ac
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tili
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f
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is
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h
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iq
u
es a
r
e
clar
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ie
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b
y
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1
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1
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P
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B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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4
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S
mru
tir
a
n
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n
N
a
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k
)
17
→
=
2
−
2
(
1
7
)
W
h
er
ea
s
‘
→
c
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eq
u
al
to
d
is
tan
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
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eter
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d
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TER
MAX
is
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er
e
m
ax
im
u
m
iter
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n
.
Stated
SC
i
W
OA
u
tili
ze
s
s
in
e
an
d
co
s
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e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
f
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
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eter
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in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
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s
as
(
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8
)
.
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1
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(
2
(
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5
1
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(
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5
(
1
8
)
T
h
e
r
elate
d
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e:
→
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|
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.
∗
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(
)
−
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(
)
|
/
(
1
9
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+
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)
−
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+
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Acc
o
r
d
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g
ly
i
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
SC
iW
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tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
is
ch
an
g
ed
b
y
s
ca
lin
g
-
f
ac
to
r
s
as
(
2
2
)
an
d
(
2
3
)
as:
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→
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(
)
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→
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/
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2
2
)
(
+
1
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(
→
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→
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(
2
3
)
so
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e
s
ca
lin
g
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f
ac
to
r
is
d
if
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er
e
d
as sh
o
wn
(
2
4
)
.
=
{
2
−
1
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0
.
5
1
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−
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1
≥
0
.
5
(
2
4
)
Her
e
R
N
D
1
is
eq
u
al
to
s
elf
-
ass
er
tiv
e
in
ce
n
tiv
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
IS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
PV
ce
ll
an
d
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
.
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o
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ted
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m
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CO
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ize
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th
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r
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zz
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FP
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f
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t
f
r
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k
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n
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g
s
u
n
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p
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wer
ed
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
win
d
a
n
d
f
ly
w
h
ee
l,
b
atter
y
s
im
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ly
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lu
g
-
in
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tr
ic
v
e
h
icles.
T
h
e
p
r
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p
o
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ed
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A
b
ased
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FP
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D
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n
tr
o
ller
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v
er
h
PS
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ju
s
ted
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PI
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tr
o
ller
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h
B
F
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s
ted
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o
ller
,
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ted
PI
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o
ller
,
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s
ted
PI
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ller
,
J
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s
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n
tr
o
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L
B
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ted
PID
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o
ller
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e
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em
o
n
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tr
ated
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o
r
th
e
two
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a
r
ea
n
o
n
-
r
e
h
ea
t
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SC
i
W
OA
b
ased
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FP
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D
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n
t
r
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ller
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v
er
AB
C
ad
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s
ted
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
SOSA
ad
ju
s
ted
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
12
-
21
20
FA
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ted
PID
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th
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e
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AE
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d
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T
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C
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n
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asted
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est
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ted
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ts
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h
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z
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r
e
d
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e
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e
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6
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2
7
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2
.
9
3
%,
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5
.
7
4
%,
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d
8
6
.
7
3
%
r
esp
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tiv
ely
.
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r
th
e
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ter
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r
y
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t
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,
th
e
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ate
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ec
r
ea
s
e
in
I
SE,
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AE
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T
SE,
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d
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T
AE
with
s
tated
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i
W
OA
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s
ted
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FP
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D
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n
tr
asted
with
th
e
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est
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d
is
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ted
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o
n
s
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e
n
ce
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o
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C
tu
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r
e
d
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to
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e
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7
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9
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8
4
%,
9
3
.
7
4
%,
a
n
d
9
5
.
5
4
% in
d
iv
i
d
u
ally
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
I.
P
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
Da
s,
"
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
-
o
r
d
e
r
AG
C
fo
r
d
istri
b
u
ted
e
n
e
rg
y
r
e
so
u
rc
e
s
u
sin
g
r
o
b
u
st
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
S
ma
rt Grid
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
5
-
2
1
8
6
,
1
9
9
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TS
G
.
2
0
1
5
.
2
4
5
9
7
6
6
.
[2
]
D.
G
u
h
a
,
P
.
K.
Ro
y
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ba
n
e
rjee
,
“
Lo
a
d
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
g
re
y
wo
lf
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
S
wa
rm
a
n
d
e
v
o
lu
t
i
o
n
a
ry
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
9
7
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
sw
e
v
o
.
2
0
1
5
.
1
0
.
0
0
4
.
[3
]
H.
G
o
z
d
e
,
M
.
C.
Tap
lam
a
c
io
g
lu
,
a
n
d
L.
Ko
c
a
a
rsla
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
rti
fi
c
ial
b
e
e
c
o
lo
n
y
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
fo
r
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
re
h
e
a
t
th
e
rm
a
l
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
t.
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
4
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
ij
e
p
e
s.2
0
1
2
.
0
3
.
0
3
9
.
[4
]
R.
K.
S
a
h
u
,
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
U.
K.
R
o
u
t,
a
n
d
D.
K.
S
a
h
o
o
,
"
Tea
c
h
i
n
g
lea
rn
in
g
-
b
a
se
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
fo
r
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
o
we
r
sy
st
e
m
u
sin
g
2
-
DO
F
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
l
ler,"
In
t.
J
.
E
lec
t.
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
2
8
7
-
3
0
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
i
jep
e
s.2
0
1
5
.
1
1
.
0
8
2
.
[5
]
D.
G
u
h
a
,
P
.
K.
Ro
y
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ba
n
e
rje
e
,
“
S
y
m
b
io
ti
c
o
rg
a
n
ism
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
lo
a
d
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
,”
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
-
4
6
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
2
6
6
7
-
0
1
7
-
0
2
3
2
-
1
.
[6
]
T.
S.
G
o
rrip
o
t
u
,
R.
K.
S
a
h
u
,
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis o
f
c
las
sic
a
l
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs i
n
LF
C
u
sin
g
F
A
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
”
,
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
on
E
lec
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
S
ig
n
a
ls,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Op
t
imiza
ti
o
n
(EE
S
CO),
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
5,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/E
ES
CO.2
0
1
5
.
7
2
5
4
0
1
4
.
[7
]
H.
F
a
rsh
i,
a
n
d
K.
Va
li
p
o
u
r,
“
Hy
b
ri
d
P
S
O
-
G
A
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
,
”
IOS
R
J
El
e
c
tr & E
lec
tro
n
En
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
p
p
.
18
-
2
9
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
9
7
9
0
/
1
6
7
6
-
1
1
1
1
1
8
2
9
.
[8
]
S.
P
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
T.
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
V.
P
.
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
.
Ba
b
u
,
“
An
a
ly
ti
c
h
iera
rc
h
y
p
ro
c
e
ss
b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
Ja
y
a
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
o
f
Arti
fi
c
ia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
p
p
.
3
5
-
4
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
n
g
a
p
p
a
i.
2
0
1
7
.
0
1
.
0
0
8
.
[9
]
Y.
L.
Ab
d
e
l
-
M
a
g
i
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
Da
wo
u
d
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
AG
C
tu
n
i
n
g
with
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s,”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
-
2
3
8
,
1
9
9
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
S
0
3
7
8
-
7
7
9
6
(9
6
)0
1
0
9
1
-
7
.
[1
0
]
E.
S
.
Ali
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
Ab
d
-
El
a
z
i
m
,
“
Ba
c
teria
fo
ra
g
in
g
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
a
se
d
l
o
a
d
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
El
e
c
t.
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
3
3
-
6
3
8
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
ij
e
p
e
s.
2
0
1
0
.
1
2
.
0
2
2
.
[1
1
]
E.
Ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
M
.
A.
Ay
o
u
b
i
,
“
Op
ti
m
ize
d
fu
z
z
y
-
p
ro
p
o
rt
io
n
a
l
in
te
g
ra
l
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
fo
r
a
ircra
ft
p
it
c
h
c
o
n
tro
l,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Aer
o
sp
a
c
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
10
,
p
p
.
4
1
4
-
4
2
9
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
5
1
4
/
1
.
I
0
1
0
0
5
3
.
[1
2
]
R.
K.
S
a
h
u
,
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
a
n
d
T.
S.
G
o
rrip
o
tu
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
rid
P
S
O
-
P
S
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
f
u
z
z
y
P
l
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler
fo
r
AG
C
in
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s,"
In
t.
J
.
E
lec
t.
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
p
p
.
8
8
0
-
8
9
3
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
ij
e
p
e
s.
2
0
1
4
.
0
8
.
0
2
1
.
[1
3
]
Y.
Ary
a
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
two
-
a
r
e
a
e
lec
tri
c
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s
v
ia
a
n
e
w
fu
z
z
y
a
id
e
d
o
p
ti
m
a
l
P
IDN
-
F
OI c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r,
”
I
S
A
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
0
,
p
p
.
4
7
5
-
4
9
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
isa
tra.2
0
1
8
.
0
7
.
0
2
8
.
[1
4
]
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
B.
M
o
h
a
n
t
y
,
P
.
K.
H
o
t
a
,
“
Hy
b
rid
BF
OA
-
P
S
O
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
fo
r
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
li
n
e
a
r
a
n
d
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s,”
Ap
p
l.
S
o
ft
Co
m
p
u
t
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
7
1
8
-
4
7
3
0
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
so
c
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
7
.
0
2
1
.
[1
5
]
M.
S
a
y
e
d
a
li
,
a
n
d
A.
Lew
is,
'
'
Th
e
wh
a
le
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
so
ftwa
r
e
,
v
o
l.
9
5
,
p
p
.
51
-
6
7
,
2
016
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
d
v
e
n
g
so
ft.
2
0
1
6
.
0
1
.
0
0
8
.
[1
6
]
Y.
Li
n
g
,
Y.
Z
h
o
u
,
a
n
d
Q.
Lu
o
,
'
'
Lev
y
fli
g
h
t
traje
c
to
ry
-
b
a
se
d
wh
a
le
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
g
lo
b
a
l
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
p
p
.
6
1
6
8
-
6
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ACCES
S
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
6
9
5
4
9
8
.
[1
7
]
H.
Hu
,
Y.
Ba
i,
a
n
d
T.
Xu
,
'
'
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
wh
a
le
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
i
n
e
rti
a
w
e
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,'
'
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
c
irc
u
it
s,
sy
ste
ms
,
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
ls
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
6
6
0
4
/aiti
.
2
0
2
0
.
4
1
6
7
.
[1
8
]
M
.
M.
M
a
h
a
ra
ja,
a
n
d
S.
M
irj
a
l
il
i,
''
Hy
b
ri
d
wh
a
le
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
wit
h
sim
u
late
d
a
n
n
e
a
li
n
g
fo
r
fe
a
tu
re
se
lec
ti
o
n
,
'
'
Ne
u
ro
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
v
o
l.
2
6
0
,
p
p
.
3
0
2
-
3
1
2
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
n
e
u
c
o
m
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
4
.
0
5
3
.
[1
9
]
F
.
S
.
G
h
a
re
h
c
h
o
p
o
g
h
,
a
n
d
H.
G
h
o
li
z
a
d
e
h
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
su
rv
e
y
:
W
h
a
le
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
Al
g
o
rit
h
m
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
S
w
a
rm
a
n
d
Evo
lu
ti
o
n
a
ry
C
o
mp
u
ta
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
48
,
pp.
1
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
sw
e
v
o
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
3
.
0
0
4
.
[2
0
]
R.
S
iv
a
li
n
g
a
m
,
S
.
Ch
in
n
a
m
u
th
u
,
a
n
d
S.
Da
sh
,
''
A
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