Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1
237
~
1
242
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
1
2
3
7
-
1
242
1237
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A
ugmen
ted reali
ty appli
cation
for
location
finder g
uid
ance
Anatun
Nadr
ah
R
os
m
an
,
N
oo
r
A
z
ah S
am
sudin
, Az
iz
an
Isma
il
, Mu
hamm
ad S
ya
ri
ff Aripin
,
Sha
m
sul K
am
al Ahma
d
Kh
alid
Facul
t
y
of
Com
pute
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e and
Inform
at
ion
Tec
hnolog
y
,
U
niv
er
siti
Tun
Hus
sein O
nn
Malay
sia
,
Johor,
Mala
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
S
ep
1
5
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
3
0,
2018
Accepte
d Dec
1
5,
2018
Finding
direct
io
ns
to
a
sp
ec
if
ic
l
oca
t
ion
c
an
b
e
tr
ouble
som
e
espe
ci
a
lly
whe
n
we
are
no
t
fami
li
ar
wi
th
a
n
ew
are
a
.
Conven
ti
o
nal
l
y
,
we
m
a
y
want
to
ask
peopl
e
aro
und
or
poss
ibl
y
we
use
Global
Pos
it
ioni
ng
Sy
stem
(GP
S)
navi
ga
tor.
How
e
ver
,
using
GP
S
navi
ga
tor
m
a
y
n
ot
be
the
best
so
lut
ion
if
th
e
addr
ess
is
not
entere
d
accur
at
e
l
y
.
Th
ere
for
e,
thi
s
pap
er
pre
sents
a
n
augmente
d
re
al
i
t
y
(AR)
appl
i
cati
on
for
loc
at
io
n
finde
r
guida
n
ce.
Instea
d,
a
user
is
onl
y
r
eq
uire
d
to
sca
n
the
addr
ess
indi
cate
d
on
a
surfac
e
s
uch
as
ca
rd
or
fl
y
e
r
using
s
m
art
phone
cam
era
.
Th
e
proposed
appl
icati
on
has
uti
li
z
ed
var
ious
compon
ent
s
of
AR
te
c
hnolog
y
includi
ng
m
ult
ipl
e
image
ta
rge
t
,
virt
ual
but
ton
and
m
ark
erl
ess
fea
ture
s.
Th
e
deve
lopment
of
the
AR
appl
i
ca
t
ion
follow
s
phase
s
of
ac
ti
vi
ti
es
in
Multi
m
edi
a
Mobile
Con
te
n
t
Deve
lopment
(
MM
CD)
m
odel
.
The
proposed
appl
icati
on
is
found
to
be
ve
r
y
int
er
ac
t
ive a
nd
c
onveni
en
t
in
fin
ding
dir
ec
t
ions to spec
if
ic l
oc
at
i
on.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Augm
ented
r
ea
li
ty
Global
p
os
it
io
ning
s
yst
em
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Noor Az
ah
Sa
m
su
din
,
Faculty
of Com
pu
te
r
Scie
n
c
e an
d Inform
ation
Tech
nolo
gy
,
Un
i
ve
rsiti
T
un
Hu
s
sei
n O
nn
Ma
la
ysi
a,
86400 B
at
u Pa
hat,
J
ohor, Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
azah@u
thm
.ed
u.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Augm
ented
re
al
it
y
(A
R)
is
a
ne
w
te
ch
nolo
gy
that
e
nab
le
s
m
ixing
of
re
al
env
i
ronm
ent
an
d
virtu
al
obj
ect
s
c
reated
in
a
3D
e
nvir
on
m
ent
with
interact
i
ve
f
un
ct
io
ns
[
1
]
-
[
3].
I
n
AR
ap
plica
ti
on
,
s
om
e
of
t
he
el
e
m
ents
in
re
al
-
w
or
ld
e
nv
ir
on
m
ent
are
au
gm
ented
by
c
om
pu
te
r
-
gen
e
r
at
ed
se
nsory
i
nput
s
uc
h
as
so
un
d,
vid
e
o,
gr
a
phic
s
or
Global
Posi
ti
on
in
g
Syst
em
(G
P
S)
data
[
2
]
.
Diff
e
ren
t
fro
m
virtu
al
reali
ty
app
li
cat
ion
wh
ic
h
dem
on
strat
es
t
otall
y
arti
fici
al
env
i
ronm
ent,
AR
a
ppli
cat
ion
is
cl
ose
r
to
real
-
world
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
[4]
.
AR
te
chnolo
gy
ha
s
bee
n
a
pp
li
ed
in
var
io
us
ap
plica
ti
on
s
i
nclu
din
g
ed
ucati
on,
e
-
com
m
erce,
business
,
a
uto
m
ob
il
e
,
and
to
uri
sm
[5
]
-
[
10]
.
The
e
xisti
ng
AR
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
are
known
for
their
be
nef
it
s
of
m
or
e
interact
ive
deli
ver
y,
cl
os
er
pro
xim
i
t
y t
o
real
-
w
or
l
d en
vir
on
m
ent an
d at
tract
ive in
form
ation
disp
l
ay
.
Our
i
nterest
i
n
t
his
stu
dy,
is
to
e
xplore
the
pote
ntial
of
AR
te
c
hnology
in
fi
nd
i
n
g
s
pecific
destinat
io
n,
gi
ven
an
a
ddres
s
on
a
n
i
nv
it
at
ion
ca
r
d,
busi
ness
ca
r
d,
a
nd
fly
ers.
O
ne
of
the
m
any
prob
le
m
s
wh
il
e
tra
velli
ng
to
unfam
iliar
ad
dr
e
sses,
is
on
e
m
ay
find
di
ff
ic
ulti
es
t
o
fi
nd
directi
on
s
to
the
spe
ci
fic
destinat
io
n.
P
os
sible
s
olu
ti
ons
m
a
y
include
askin
g
peop
le
around
to
qu
e
ry
f
or
dire
ct
ion
s
or
us
in
g
G
P
S
nav
i
gato
r.
H
oweve
r,
both
s
ol
ution
s
are
pro
ne
to
so
m
e
l
i
m
it
at
ion
s
.
The
in
form
ation
giv
e
n
by
hum
ans
m
ay
no
t
be
suffici
ent,
wh
il
e
ty
ping
the
ad
dr
e
ss
or
coor
din
at
e
m
a
nu
al
ly
on
the
GP
S
nav
i
gato
r
m
ay
be
inaccur
at
e
[11
]
,
[
12
]
.
The
capab
il
it
y
of
A
R
te
chn
ol
og
y
in
util
iz
ing
feat
ur
es
s
uch
as
m
ark
e
rless
GPS
coor
din
at
es
uti
li
ti
es,
m
ul
ti
ple
i
m
ag
e
ta
rg
et
,
virtua
l
bu
tt
ons,
2D
and
3D
m
odel
li
ng
[
13
]
,
[14]
sh
al
l
be
e
xplo
red
t
o
s
olve
the
lim
it
at
ion
s in f
ind
in
g
t
he de
si
red destinat
i
on or locati
on.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
2
3
7
–
1
242
1238
This
pa
per
pre
sents
an
au
gme
nted
reali
ty
app
li
cat
io
n
for
locat
ion
fin
der
gu
i
dan
ce
.
In
this
stud
y,
we
will
pr
ese
nt
m
ai
n
act
ivit
ie
s
i
n
the
phases
of
the
AR
GUI
D
E
dev
el
op
m
ent
in
Sect
ion
2.
Nex
t,
Sect
ion
3
will
exp
la
in
im
plem
enta
ti
on
an
d
te
sti
ng
of
the
pro
posed
ARG
UIDE.
Fi
nally
,
Sect
ion
4
pr
e
s
ents
so
m
e
con
c
lusio
ns
of the
ARG
U
I
DE de
velo
pm
e
nt wo
rk.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
AR
GUI
D
E
is
pr
op
os
e
d
with
the
ai
m
t
o
fin
d
locat
io
n
of
the
ad
dress
ind
ic
at
ed
in
business
ca
rd,
inv
it
at
ion
car
d,
or
fl
ye
rs.
A
use
r
has
to
scan
sp
eci
fic
i
m
age
ta
rg
et
,
that
is
the
add
re
ss
to
view
the
3D
obj
ect
,
virtu
al
butt
on
and
i
nfor
m
at
ion
.
T
hen
t
he
use
r
can
to
uc
h
th
e
virtu
al
butt
on
,
an
d
e
ven
t
ually
the
app
li
cat
ion
will
sen
d
G
PS
c
oor
din
at
e
that
c
on
nect
to
G
oogle
Ma
p,
Waze
or
ot
her
m
aps
app
li
cat
io
n.
In
te
resti
ng
ly
,
us
e
rs
can
al
so
view
i
nfo
rm
ation
a
bout
the
locat
io
n
pr
esented
in
im
age
a
nd
te
xt
ual
f
or
m
.
To
enc
oura
ge
us
abili
ty
,
the
ARG
UIDE
is
pro
po
se
d
t
o operat
e
on a
ndr
oi
d plat
form
fo
r po
te
ntial
u
se
rs.
The
ARG
UID
E
was
de
velo
pe
d
acc
ordin
g
t
o
the
phases
i
n
Mult
i
m
edia
M
ob
il
e
Co
ntent
Dev
el
op
m
ent
(
MMCD
)
[1
5
]
.
Fig
ur
e
1
s
ho
ws
fi
ve
m
ai
n
ph
a
ses
of
MM
CD:
ap
plica
ti
on
idea
c
reati
on,
str
uct
ur
e
a
na
ly
sis,
process
d
esi
gn,
m
a
in fun
ct
io
n dev
el
op
m
ent, a
nd test
ing.
Figure
1. P
has
es of
Mult
im
edia Mob
il
e Co
nt
ent D
e
velo
pm
ent (
MM
CD
)
At
the
be
ginning
of
the
de
ve
lop
m
ent
ph
a
se
,
the
i
dea
c
rea
ti
on
was
fo
c
use
d
on
de
fini
ng
the
desig
n
con
ce
pt
f
or
bu
siness
com
m
er
ci
al
iz
at
ion
and
tou
rism
.
The
desig
n
co
nce
pt
of
business
c
om
m
ercializa
ti
on
an
d
tourism
was
c
ho
s
en
as
t
he
desig
n
c
on
ce
pt
becau
se
t
he
case
stud
ie
s
to
evaluate
the
pro
po
se
d
ARGUI
D
E
involve
d
two
destinat
io
ns
:
EZCe
ta
k
an
d
Tan
j
un
g
Piai
Jo
ho
re
Nati
on
al
Park
.
T
he
EZCe
ta
k
is
an
eve
nt
m
anag
em
ent
com
pan
y,
wh
il
e
Tan
jung
Piai
Nati
onal
Pa
r
k
is
a
recreati
o
nal
destinat
io
n
in
J
oh
or
e.
F
or
the
EZCe
ta
k,
the
a
ddress
is
giv
e
n
on
a
busines
s
card.
O
n
the
ot
her
ha
nd,
the
a
ddress
of
t
he
T
anju
ng
Piai
Johore
Nati
on
al
Par
k,
the add
ress
is
gi
ven
on a
fly
er.
In
the
struct
ure
analy
sis
ph
a
se,
the
ob
j
ect
s
and
na
vig
at
io
n
str
uc
tur
e
f
or
the
ARG
U
IDE
wer
e
t
he
n
identifie
d.
Th
e
pr
ese
ntati
on
of
the
ap
plica
ti
on
is
narrate
d
in
story
boar
ds
to
co
nfi
rm
the
flow
of
t
he
app
li
cat
io
n
an
d
ta
rg
et
co
ordi
nates
of
destin
at
ion
.
T
hen,
in
the
pr
oc
ess
de
sign
phase
,
m
o
st
act
ivit
ie
s
focus
on
pro
du
ci
ng
t
he
ARG
UIDE
i
nterf
ace,
vi
rtual
bu
tt
ons
,
an
d
ba
ckgr
ound.
T
he
3D
m
od
el
for
s
el
ect
ed
obj
e
ct
s
we
r
e
create
d,
ta
r
get
i
m
ages
wer
e
de
sign
e
d,
a
nd
a p
r
oto
ty
pe
was
dev
el
op
e
d.
A
num
ber
of
s
of
t
w
ares
we
re
util
iz
ed
in
this
ph
ase
,
inc
lud
in
g
3D
U
ni
ty
,
Bl
end
er,
a
nd
V
ufor
ia
.
An
exam
ple
of
a
3D
m
od
el
with
virt
ual
obj
ec
ts
and
bu
tt
ons
in
t
he
ARG
UIDE
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
Nex
t,
i
n
the
m
ai
n
fu
nction
de
velo
pm
e
nt
phase,
a
nu
m
ber
of
integrati
on
act
i
viti
es
wer
e
ca
r
ried
ou
t
to
e
nsure
al
l
of
the
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
com
pone
nts,
s
uch
as
m
enu
,
sub
m
enu
,
m
od
ules,
virtua
l
bu
tt
ons,
an
d
obj
ect
s
wer
e
f
un
ct
io
ning
in
a
3D
set
ti
ng
.
Fi
nally
,
in
the
testing
phase,
a
nu
m
ber
of questi
onnai
r
es w
e
re
release
d
to
potenti
al
use
rs of t
he AR
GUIDE f
or
pr
e
lim
inary fee
db
ack.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Au
gm
e
nted
real
it
y a
pp
li
c
ation f
or
l
oca
ti
on fi
nd
e
r
gu
i
dance
(
Ana
tu
n
N
adrah R
osma
n)
1239
Figure
2. A
3D
m
od
el
w
it
h vir
tual b
utton a
n
d o
bj
ect
s
in
t
he ARG
UIDE
3.
IMPLEME
N
TATION
AN
D
TE
STI
NG
The
i
nter
face
f
or
AR
G
UIDE
was
desi
gn
e
d
a
ccordin
g
to
the
bu
sine
ss
com
m
ercial
iz
ation
and
to
ur
ism
industry
co
nce
pt
.
I
n
the
case
of
Ta
njun
g
Pia
i
Jo
hore
Nati
onal
Par
k,
the
e
ntra
nce
inter
fa
ce
desig
n
is
il
lustrate
d
in
Figure
3
.
The
ent
ran
ce
interface
design
c
on
ta
i
ns
welcom
e
m
es
sage,
c
oord
i
na
te
s
inform
ation
,
a
nd
backg
rou
nd
of
i
m
ages
of
the
destinat
io
n.
A
us
er
ca
n
scan
s
pecific
i
m
age
t
arg
et
to
vie
w
the
3D
obj
ect
,
virtu
al
bu
tt
on
a
nd
i
nfor
m
at
ion
.
This
app
li
ca
ti
on
pr
ov
i
des
in
form
at
ion
dis
play
ed
in
te
xt
ual
a
nd
im
age
for
m
s.
The
directi
on
to
a
sp
eci
fic
locat
io
n
will
be
disp
l
ay
ed
wh
e
n
a
use
r
tou
c
hes
the
virtu
al
bu
tt
on
.
The
input
is
sent,
an
d
the
ap
plica
ti
on
will
sen
d
GP
S
c
oor
din
a
te
that
con
ne
c
te
d
to
m
aps
app
li
cat
io
n.
E
ven
t
ually
a
nav
igate
d
directi
on
to
t
he
sp
eci
fic
locat
i
on
or
de
sti
nation
will
be
displ
ay
ed.
To
enc
oura
ge
inte
racti
vity
,
the
inter
f
ace
of
ARG
UIDE is
a
lso e
qu
i
pp
e
d w
it
h
m
a
in m
enu
,
sett
ing
s,
h
el
p,
about a
nd A
R
scene.
Figure
3. I
nterfac
e d
esi
gn for t
he
e
ntra
nce to
Tan
j
un
g
Piai
J
ohore
Nati
on
al
Park
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S
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:
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on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
2
3
7
–
1
242
1240
Ma
in
act
ivit
ie
s
of
the
ARG
U
ID
E
im
ple
m
entat
ion
inclu
de
env
i
ronm
ent
pr
epa
rati
on
a
nd
cod
i
ng
of
interact
ion
m
od
ules
.
U
nity
3D
is
us
e
d
t
o
cr
eat
e
the
en
vir
onm
ent
of
AR
.
The
Un
it
y
3D
is
helpful
to
fa
ci
li
ta
t
e
i
nteracti
on
wit
h
the
V
ufo
ria
database
f
or
the
im
age
ta
rget
.
The
im
age
ta
rg
et
was
de
sign
e
d
us
in
g
Ado
be
Illustrat
or
CS
6
.
T
hen,
the
im
age
ta
r
get
ca
n
be
up
l
oad
ed
t
o
V
ufor
ia
we
bs
i
te
to
m
ake
it
as
a
database
f
or
the
ARG
UIDE
.
Fi
gure
4
s
hows
Vuforia
we
bs
it
e
with
a
li
st
o
f
the
databas
e
s
that
hav
e
be
en
create
d.
Figure
5
sh
ows
the im
a
ge
ta
r
get
inte
rfac
e
with t
he fe
at
ur
es
of the
points i
n
the
im
age.
Figure
4. V
ufo
ria we
bs
it
e
Figure
5. Im
age targ
et
Figure
6
s
hows
c
od
e
seg
m
ent
for
the
i
m
age
ta
rg
et
.
The
c
od
e
incl
ud
e
s
the
ta
r
ge
t
nam
e,
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
and s
om
e 3
D o
bject
s and
oth
er
obj
ect
s t
oo.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Au
gm
e
nted
real
it
y a
pp
li
c
ation f
or
l
oca
ti
on fi
nd
e
r
gu
i
dance
(
Ana
tu
n
N
adrah R
osma
n)
1241
Figure
6. Co
de
seg
m
ent f
or i
m
age targ
et
Pr
el
im
inary
te
sti
ng
with
po
te
ntial
us
er
s
ha
ve
bee
n
car
ried
ou
t
with
sta
ff
of
EZCe
ta
k
a
nd
visit
or
s
of
Tan
j
un
g
Piai
Jo
ho
re
Nati
onal
Park.
Mo
re
than
90%
of
th
e
respo
nd
e
nts
agr
ee
t
hat
the
ARG
UIDE
c
onta
ins
ver
y
cl
ear
ins
tructi
ons,
f
riend
ly
interfac
e
and
easy
to
us
e
to
fin
d
directi
ons.
I
nd
eed,
m
ajo
rity
of
the
respo
nd
e
nts
a
g
ree
that
the
au
gm
ented
reali
ty
based
ap
plica
ti
on
will
pr
es
ent
a
va
lue
a
dded
se
rv
ic
e
for
t
ourism
industry.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
the
EZ
Ce
ta
k
sta
ff
note
the
pote
ntial
of
t
he
AR
G
UIDE
in
im
pr
ovi
ng
t
heir
value
adde
d
serv
ic
e
to
c
us
t
om
ers
in
producin
g
AR
base
d
busine
ss
ca
r
ds
an
d
in
vitat
ion
ca
rds
f
or
it
s
even
t
m
anage
m
ent
bu
si
ness.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
ha
s
pr
ese
nted
an
AR
app
li
cat
io
n
for
locat
io
n
fin
der
guida
nc
e,
cal
le
d
ARG
UIDE.
T
he
ARG
UIDE
inc
lud
es
m
ulti
ple
interact
ive
c
om
po
nen
ts
t
hat
help
pote
ntial
us
ers
to
fi
nd
a
nd
nav
i
gate
di
r
ect
ion
to
desire
d
de
sti
nation
.
T
he
ARG
UIDE
app
li
cat
io
n
ha
s
been
e
valu
at
ed
with
po
t
entia
l
us
ers
i
n
both
orga
nizat
ion
s:
EZCe
ta
k
an
d
Joh
or
Nati
on
al
Par
k.
The
pr
el
im
inary
te
sti
ng
s
how
s
t
hat
s
uch
AR
base
d
app
li
cat
io
ns
ha
ve
the
po
te
ntial
to
prov
i
de
a
lt
ern
at
ive
ap
proac
h
in
fin
din
g
s
pecific
loc
at
ion
s
us
in
g
a
ddres
s
i
m
ages.
In
fa
ct
,
su
ch
AR
base
d
ap
plica
ti
on
ha
s
bee
n
pr
ove
n
to
im
pr
ov
e
busin
ess
serv
ic
es
i
n
eve
nt
m
anag
em
ent an
d t
ourism
industries.
ACKN
OWLE
DG
E
MENT
This
stu
dy
is
supporte
d
by
a
researc
h
gra
nt
unde
r
Mi
nistry
of
Hi
gher
E
ducat
io
n,
Ma
la
ysi
a,
Fund
am
ental
Resea
rch G
ra
nt
Schem
e V
ot
1609 a
nd
par
tl
y
sp
ons
or
e
d by
Gates I
T S
olu
ti
on S
dn. B
hd.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Barf
ield,
W
“
Fu
ndamenta
ls
of
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ea
rab
l
e
Com
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ute
rs
and
Augment
ed
Re
al
i
t
y
,”
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C
RC
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Tay
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nci
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ibe
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obil
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4752
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ag
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alit
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a
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ng
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nal
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c
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ent
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udin,
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a
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,
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ent
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en
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ng
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chni
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.