TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 14, No. 3, June 20
15, pp. 410 ~ 4
1
9
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
14i3.796
5
410
Re
cei
v
ed Fe
brua
ry 24, 20
15; Re
vised
Ap
ril 30, 201
5; Acce
pted
May 17, 20
15
Vibration and Noise Analysis o
f
4
Ф
Switched
Reluctance Motor Drive
Mekala N*, Muniraj C, Ra
mesh Balaji S.M.
K.S.Rangas
am
y Co
lle
ge of T
e
chno
log
y
, T
i
ru
chen
go
de, Nam
a
kkal, T
a
milna
du, India
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: natarajm
e
kala@gmail.com
*
, c.m
uniraj@
gm
ail.com,
ramesh
bal
aji
1
3
@
gmai
l.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he Sw
itched
Reluct
ance M
o
tor (SRM) is g
e
tting l
a
rge
attentio
n for in
du
stry appl
icatio
n
due t
o
their si
mp
le co
nstruction, h
i
gh
star
ting ca
pab
i
lities, hi
gh r
e
li
a
b
ility, an
d h
i
gh
efficiency
and
also rot
o
r carri
e
s
no w
i
ndi
ngs, n
o
slip-ri
ngs the
r
e is no brus
h
e
s, it requi
res l
e
ss ma
inte
nan
ce. In spite of the mer
i
ts, it had
some
de
mer
i
ts like
ac
oustic
n
o
ise
an
d v
i
brati
on
is
o
n
e
of
major
issu
es i
n
SRM. T
he
DS
P-T
M
S320F
28
3
3
5
process
o
r w
e
r
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
ented
du
e to th
eir
h
i
gh
perfo
r
m
anc
e for th
e co
ntrol
app
licati
ons.
I
n this w
o
rk th
e
Ran
d
o
m
P
u
lse
W
i
dth Mo
dul
ation (
R
PW
M) techni
que
is us
e
d
to re
duce
the
acoustic
no
ise
and
vibr
atio
n
b
y
varyin
g ra
nd
o
m
tur
n
on
an
d
turn off a
n
g
l
e
control.T
h
e
ac
oustic
nois
e
a
nd v
i
brati
on s
i
gna
ls ar
e
me
a
s
ured
usin
g
acc
e
l
e
ro
meter
a
nd
s
o
u
nd leve
l met
e
r in 1HP,
8/
6
p
o
l
es of S
R
M dr
iv
e. T
he
exp
e
ri
me
ntal
an
alysi
s of
vibrati
on si
gn
a
l
s are
measur
ed us
ing
La
b
VIEW
at
different spe
eds
an
d lo
ad c
ond
itio
ns. T
he ac
ous
tic
nois
e
sign
als
are meas
ured
using So
un
d level
me
t
e
r .Both the Acous
tic and vibr
ati
ons are a
naly
z
e
d
exper
imentally for
different
speeds
and
load
cond
itions.
The ex
perimental resu
lts show t
hat the noise and
vibrati
on an
aly
s
is and a
l
so co
mp
are the si
nu
so
id
al PW
M is better than R
a
ndo
m PW
M techni
ques.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
sw
itched rel
u
c
t
ance
motor (
S
RM), acousti
c noise, vi
bra
t
ion sig
n
a
l
s, Lab VIEW
, DSP-
T
M
S320F
28
33
5 process
o
r, rando
m p
u
lse w
i
d
th modu
lati
on
(RPW
M)
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
S
w
it
che
d
Rel
u
ct
an
ce
Mot
o
rs
(S
RM
) h
a
v
e
an
inh
e
r
ent
adv
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
su
ch
a
s
simple
stru
cture
with
non
wi
ndin
g
co
nst
r
u
c
tion
in
roto
r
s
i
d
e
b
e
c
a
us
e o
f
its
ch
ar
ac
te
r
i
stic
wh
ich
ha
s a
high toleran
c
es, rob
u
stn
e
ss, low co
st wi
th no
perma
n
ent magnet i
n
the
stru
cture, and possib
l
e
operation in
h
i
gh temp
eratu
r
es or in extreme temp
era
t
ure vari
ation
s
[9]. The to
rq
ue p
r
od
uction
in
swit
che
d
relu
ctan
ce m
o
tor com
e
s f
r
om
the tende
nc
y
of the roto
r p
o
les to
align
with the
excit
ed
stator
pole
s
.
The o
peration p
r
inci
ple i
s
ba
se
d on
the differe
nce in ma
gneti
c
relu
ctance
for
magneti
c
fiel
d lines
betwe
en align
ed a
nd unali
gne
d
rotor p
o
sitio
n
whe
n
a sta
t
or coil i
s
excited
the roto
r exp
e
rien
ce
s
a fo
rce
which
will dra
w
th
e rotor to th
e ali
g
ned
positio
n. Ho
weve
r SRM
con
s
tru
c
tion
with dou
bly salient pole
s
a
nd its no
n-lin
e magn
etic chara
c
te
risti
c
s the probl
em
s of
aco
u
sti
c
noi
se and torq
ue
ripple a
r
e mo
re seve
re tha
n
these of oth
e
r traditio
nal
motors.
Rand
om p
u
l
s
e
width m
odulatio
n (RPWM)
app
ro
ach
e
s ca
n make
the
h
a
rmo
n
ic
spe
c
tru
m
of inverter o
u
tpu
t
voltage be continuo
us
ly di
stribute
d
with
out a
ffecting t
he funda
ment
al
freque
ncy
co
mpone
nt of
a
n
a
c
ou
stic n
o
i
se
and
me
chani
cal vib
r
at
ion of
an
a
c
motor
drive
a
r
e
greatly
red
u
ced.Ra
ndomi
z
i
ng the
switchi
ng freque
nc
y
has foun
d to
be the
mo
st e
fficient meth
o
d
of RPWM. In
conve
r
ters
with fixed switching
f
r
equ
ency the
po
wer is
co
nce
n
trated i
n
di
scre
et
harm
oni
cs of
the output voltage. In [6], New
Ra
n
d
o
m
Switchin
g Tech
niqu
e was p
r
e
s
ented
, in
this te
chni
qu
es
used to
re
duce the
ha
rmonics sp
e
c
tra
of a
sin
g
le
pha
se
SRM
drive.The
torque
ripple
and
a
c
ou
stic
noi
se
is an i
nhe
rent dra
w
b
a
ck of SRM
drive [10]. The
pha
se
curre
n
t
comm
utation
is the main cause of
the torque
ripple. T
he torqu
e
rip
p
le can b
e
minimize
d throu
gh
magneti
c
ci
rcuit desig
n in a motor de
sign
stage o
r
by using t
o
rqu
e
co
ntrol
techniq
u
e
s
. By
controlling th
e torqu
e
of the SRM, lo
w torque
ri
ppl
e
,
noise
red
u
ction ca
n be i
n
crea
sing
of the
efficien
cy ca
n be achi
eve
d
in [10]. There a
r
e ma
n
y
different types of co
ntrol strategy from
simple m
e
tho
d
s to co
mplicated method
s.
In this p
ape
r, the split link co
nverte
r is
use
d
to
red
u
ce th
e
co
st o
f
the convert
e
r [7], it
has hig
h
efficiency und
er
heavy load condition
s. In [2], DSP (TMS320F2
833
5) processo
r were
impleme
n
ted
beca
u
se of
the fast ope
ration co
mp
a
r
e with othe
r
pro
c
e
s
sor. T
he Vibratio
n
no
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Vibration a
n
d
Noise Analysis of 4
Ф
Switched Relu
ctan
ce Moto
r Drive (Me
k
ala.
N)
411
only create
s
noise to h
u
rt
human
he
alth but al
so
h
a
s
the ene
rgy at
the time affect the equi
pme
n
t
life as
well a
s
operation
sta
b
ility. The influen
ce of
vibration can b
e
minimized o
r
eliminated
usi
ng
vibration te
st
analysi
s
. Th
e vario
u
s vib
r
ation m
e
a
s
u
r
eme
n
ts a
r
e
use
d
to an
al
ysis the
vibra
t
ion
sign
als an
d a
l
so
co
nsi
der
how to redu
ce the fu
rt
he
r i
m
provem
ents. The vib
r
atio
n sen
s
or is u
s
ed
to mea
s
u
r
e t
he vibration
u
s
ing
La
b VIEW. La
b VIEW is
a g
r
a
phi
ca
l pro
g
rammin
g
lan
gua
ge t
hat
can b
e
used
for acq
u
irin
g sign
als, m
easure
m
ent
analysi
s
, and
data pre
s
e
n
t
ation. It allows
cre
a
ting a Virtual Instrum
e
nt (VI) that allows
manip
u
la
ting sign
als a
nd obtaini
ng
measurement
s.
This
pap
er
pre
s
ent
s the
vibration
s
a
r
e a
nalyzed
experim
ent
ally for diffe
rent lo
ad
con
d
ition
s
a
n
d
vari
ous spe
ed cha
nge
s o
f
the
SRM d
r
i
v
e. Cont
rol
al
gorithm
was
develop
ed
and
tested
by T
M
S320F2
833
5 processo
r
and the
exp
e
rime
ntal an
alysis is
pe
rforme
d to te
st the
vibration
sign
als
with different sp
eed
an
d load
conditi
ons. T
h
is
pa
per i
s
con
s
id
ered
bri
e
f ab
out
SRM a
n
d
co
nverter in
se
ction
2
and
Section
3
discussed
the
Ra
ndom
pul
se
width
mod
u
la
tion
techni
que
s with TMS32
0
F283
35 pro
c
e
s
sor. Se
cti
on 4 discu
s
sed the Aco
u
stic n
o
ise and
vibration ,Se
c
tion
5 di
scuss a
n
exp
e
rime
ntal
setup of S
R
M
drive. Se
ction 6
discu
s
se
d
Experimental
results an
d concl
uding co
mments
in se
ction
7.
2. S
w
i
t
c
h
ed
Reluc
t
anc
e
Motor
In
Switched
Relu
ctan
ce
Motor
th
e te
rm switched
relucta
n
ce me
an that t
he
switchi
ng
of
pha
se curren
ts, whi
c
h is
e
s
sential to th
e ope
ration o
f
the motor. The motion
may be rota
ry or
liner an
d the
rotor may b
e
interio
r
or
exterior. Th
e
windin
g
usu
a
lly con
s
ist
s
of a numbe
r o
f
electri
c
ally
se
parate
ci
rcuits o
r
p
h
a
s
es.
In motorin
g
mode
ope
rati
on of the
rel
u
ctan
ce m
a
chi
ne
each p
h
a
s
e
of the
stator i
s
u
s
u
a
lly excited when
its indu
ctan
ce
i
s
in
crea
sing
and i
s
unex
ci
ted
whe
n
its i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
is d
e
crea
sing, th
e op
po
si
te is true i
n
g
e
n
e
rating
mo
de
. The S
R
M
has
salie
nt pole
s
both on
stato
r
and
roto
r; the stato
r
wi
n
d
ing of SRM
comp
ri
se
s a
set of coils, e
a
ch
of whi
c
h i
s
wound
on the
pole. The
rot
o
r rotates;
th
e pha
se flux l
i
nka
ge
shoul
d have a tri
a
n
gular
or sawto
o
th wave form.
The SRM i
s
a doubly sa
lient, singly
excited ma
ch
ine at whi
c
h
the
electroma
gne
tic torqu
e
is
d
e
velope
d due
to the va
riabl
e relu
ctan
ce
prin
ciple. Bot
h
the stato
r
a
n
d
rotor mad
e
u
p
of ste
e
l
sta
m
ping
s, roto
r ca
rrie
s
no
winding
or
ma
gnet. The
nu
mber
of pol
e
s
of
the roto
r is d
i
fferent from t
hat of the st
ator. T
he
sh
aft carrie
s a
rotor
po
sition
sen
s
o
r
which is
use
d
to turn on and turn off the various switch
i
ng semi conve
r
te
r device i
s
in
fluenced by the
sign
als o
b
tain
ed from the rotor po
sition
sen
s
o
r
.
Figure 1. Structure of SRM drive
The m
o
tor is excited
by
a sequ
en
ce
of cu
rrent
pu
lse
s
a
pplie
d
at ea
ch
ph
a
s
e. T
h
e
individual
ph
ase
s
are se
quentially excited
fo
rcin
g
the moto
r to
rotate.
Whe
n
the
voltag
e is
applie
d to the stator pha
se the motor cre
a
tes torq
u
e
in the direction of increa
sing ind
u
cta
n
ce.
The indu
ctan
ce profile of SRM is trian
gular
with minimum indu
ctance
when i
t
is an align
ed
positio
n an
d
minimum in
d
u
ctan
ce
wh
e
n
unali
gned.
It has lo
w co
st and
simpl
e
con
s
tru
c
tion
a
t
the same
time it’s
having
high vib
r
ation
and
noi
se.
T
he
swit
chin
g
seq
uen
ce
for clo
c
kwi
s
e
(CW)
rotation is giv
en in the Tabl
e 1. The stru
cture of SRM
drive is sho
w
n in Figure 1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 3, June 20
15 : 410 – 41
9
412
Table 1. Swit
chin
g Seque
n
c
e of Hall Se
nso
r
Output
s
Hall Sensor
Outputs
Sw
itching
Sequence
A B
1
2
3
4
0 0
0
0
1
1
0 1
0
0
1
1
1 1
1
0
0
1
1 0
1
1
0
0
In [7], the 4
Ф
SRM
drive split-link power converter
wa
s impl
emente
d
be
cau
s
e
it’s having
high efficiency, in this converter
the two
phase windings
are connected in
the same leg, it will
be
use
d
to mini
mize th
e cost of the power
conv
e
r
ter
and al
so
nu
mber
of switchin
g devi
c
e
s
i
s
redu
ce
d. The
Figure 2
sho
w
s the Split-li
n
k converte
r
circuit.
Figure 2. Split-link conve
r
te
r c
i
rcuit with SRM drive
3. Random P
u
lse Width Modulation
Ran
dom
pul
se wi
dth mo
du
lation (RP
W
M) a
pproa
ch
es
ca
n m
a
ke
the ha
rmo
n
ic
spe
c
tru
m
of inverter output voltage be co
ntinuou
sly di
stributed witho
u
t affecting the fundame
n
ta
l
freque
ncy
co
mpone
nt, an
d thu
s
th
e a
c
ou
stic noi
se
and
me
ch
a
n
ical
vibration of th
e d
r
iv
e is
greatly re
du
ced by varying
the rando
m turn on a
nd tu
rn off angle.
Figure 3. Fun
c
tional bl
ock
diagram of DSP controlle
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Vibration a
n
d
Noise Analysis of 4
Ф
Switched Relu
ctan
ce Moto
r Drive (Me
k
ala.
N)
413
Figure 3
sho
w
s th
e expe
ri
mental Setup
with an I
G
BT inverte
r
dri
v
ing a 1
H
p 4
Ф
SRM
drive. A dc motor wa
s u
s
ed a
s
the load. T
he ra
n
dom PWM controlle
r wa
s realized usi
ng a
TMS320F
283
35 DSP Evaluation ON
Module Bo
ard and an IG
BT driver ci
rcuit. A parallel
port
for the
comm
unication b
e
twee
n a P
C
a
nd control
bo
ard. Fig
u
re 3
Shows the
functio
nal bl
o
ck
diagram of DSP controlle
r.
4. Vibration and Ac
ous
tic Noise Me
a
s
uring using
LabVIEW
Vibration i
s
si
mply the cy
cli
c
o
r
o
scillatin
g
motion
of a
machine o
r
machi
ne
com
pone
nt
from its po
si
tion of rest.
E
ven machi
n
es in
the be
st of operati
ng co
ndition
will have some
vibration
be
cause of
sm
a
ll, minor def
ects.So
und
i
s
p
r
e
s
sure wave
s sent
out
by an o
b
ject
throug
h the
medium
in
which
it is i
m
m
e
rsed. T
he
sound
pressu
re is mea
s
u
r
e
d
in dB
du
rin
g
a
noise test.Th
e
so
und
pressure i
s
me
asured
in
a
SRM drive to
el
iminate reflected noi
se
an
d
external
so
urce
s. A a
c
cele
rometo
r i
s
place
d
1
H
p
mo
tor to m
e
a
s
u
r
e soun
d from
different
spe
ed
and l
oad
co
n
d
itions. A
s
th
e noi
se
level
varies in
different lo
ad
and
sp
eed
condit
i
ons du
e to t
he
influen
ce of the so
urce
s.
In this syste
m
both vibra
t
ion and aco
u
stic
n
o
ise l
e
vels are measure
d
by usin
g Lab
VIEW software.Now virt
ual instrume
ntation(VI
) t
o
cre
a
t
e
a cu
st
omiz
ed
sy
st
em f
o
r t
e
st
,
measurement
, and
indu
st
rial
automati
on by
comb
ining
differe
nt ha
rd
ware
and
softwa
r
e
comp
one
nts.
DAQ syste
m
s are con
c
erne
d with
the acqui
sition,
analysis, an
d pre
s
entatio
n of
measurement
s and othe
r
data.Acqui
siti
on is the me
ans by whi
c
h physi
cal si
gnal
s, su
ch as
voltage, cu
rrent, pre
s
sure
, vibration a
nd tempe
r
atu
r
e are co
nve
r
ted into digi
tal formats a
nd
brou
ght into the com
pute
r
. Figure 4 sh
o
w
s the
NI cDAQ with vibra
t
ion sen
s
o
r
.
Figure 4. NI cDAQ with accelerometer
NI Compa
c
t
D
AQ m
a
kes
prog
ram
m
ing
ea
sier be
ca
use
the
sam
e
drive
r
i
s
u
s
ed for all
measurement
s. Thi
s
sol
u
tion saves space a
nd si
mplifies
se
rv
ice and
sup
port. NI
92
3
4
Accel
e
romete
r is u
s
ed to m
easure the vi
brat
ion at different spee
d a
nd load
con
d
i
t
ions.
5. Hard
w
a
re
Arran
g
emen
t of SRM
Driv
e
The ha
rd
ware setup of S
R
M is a 4
p
h
a
se, 1
H
p, 12
0V, 8/6 pole machin
e. Th
e SRM
power mo
dul
e having the
arrang
ement
of
rect
if
ie
r wit
h
split
-li
n
k
co
nv
ert
e
r
cir
c
uit
.
I
n
t
h
is sy
st
e
m
an e
n
code
r t
y
pe po
sition
se
nsor
wa
s used to
me
asu
r
e th
e vo
ltage p
u
lses.
D
C moto
r
was
coupled
with
SRM shaft,it act as a eddy
current
load.
Hall-effect curre
nt and volt
age
sensors
are
use
d
to mea
s
ure the voltage an
d cu
rrent. The to
rq
ue is me
asu
r
ed by usin
g load cell; it will
indicate the
torqu
e
valu
es
in torque
indi
cator.
An a
ccelero
meter is mou
n
ted
on
the SRM,it
was
con
n
e
c
ted th
roug
h the
NI
cDA
Q
card.
The real
time
vibration sig
nals are
mea
s
ured usin
g Lab
VIEW softwa
r
e. The
so
un
d level mete
r is u
s
ed to
measure
the aco
u
sti
c
noi
se by varying
the
different
spe
ed a
nd lo
ad.
The
wh
ole
drive
system
is
co
ntrolle
d by
DSP (TMS320F
283
35
)
pro
c
e
s
sor. Th
e hard
w
a
r
e a
rra
ngem
ent o
f
SRM drive is sh
own in Figure 5.
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 3, June 20
15 : 410 – 41
9
414
Figure 5. Hardwa
re a
rra
ng
ement of SRM drive
6. Experimental Re
sults
Analy
s
is
The expe
rim
ental re
sult
s
of vibration a
nd a
c
ou
stic n
o
ise fo
r 4
Ф
S
R
M d
r
ive sy
stem wa
s
investigate
d
for vario
u
s lo
a
d
and spee
d con
d
it
ion
s
. The me
chani
cal vibration a
nd noi
se can
be
analyzed in t
w
o P
W
M techniqu
es; the
r
e are
Sinu
soi
dal Pulse
Width Modul
atio
n and
Ra
ndo
m
Pulse
Width Modulatio
n techni
que
s.
6.1. Vibration Analy
s
is u
s
ing SPWM
The vibratio
n re
spon
se
of an electrical
ma
chi
n
e is usually
measure
d
with an
accele
rom
e
te
r mounte
d
on the machi
ne hou
sing.
The expe
rim
ental re
sult of vibration for
conve
n
tional
system
wa
s investigate
d
for vari
ou
s
spe
ed
cha
n
g
e
s a
nd l
oad
cha
nge
s. T
he
vibration can
be analy
z
ed
with different
spe
ed an
d lo
ad co
ndition
s.
6.1.1. Speed Chan
ges a
t
500rpm
The vibration
amplitude
at a spe
ed of 5
00 rp
m for n
o
load
con
d
ition is 0.0
035
mm/s^2.
The Figu
re 6
sho
w
s the vibration wavefo
rm at 500
rpm
.
Figure 6. Vibration wavefo
rm at 500 rpm
6.1.2. Speed Chan
ges a
t
1500r
pm
The vibration
amplitude
at a spe
ed of 1
500
rpm for
no load
co
ndi
tion is 0.00
5
mm/s^2.
The Figu
re 7
sho
w
s the vibration wavefo
rm at 1500
rp
m.
Figure 7. Vibration wavefo
rm at 1500 rp
m
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Vibration a
n
d
Noise Analysis of 4
Ф
Switched Relu
ctan
ce Moto
r Drive (Me
k
ala.
N)
415
6.1.3. Speed Chan
ges a
t
3000r
pm
The vibration
amplitude
at a spe
ed of 3
000
rpm for
no load
co
ndi
tion is 0.00
6
mm/s^2.
The Figu
re 8
sho
w
s the vibration wavefo
rm at 3000
rp
m.
Figure 8. Vib
r
ation wavefo
rm at 3000
rp
m
6.1.4. 25
%
of Load Analy
s
is
The vibration
level at a sp
eed of 20
00 rpm
for 25%
o
f
load co
nditi
on is 0.0
058
mm/s^2.
The Figu
re 9
sho
w
s the vibration wavefo
rm at 25% of load.
Figure 9. Vibration wa
veform at 25
% of load
6.1.5. Half L
o
ad An
aly
s
is
The vibration
level at a speed
of 200
0
rp
m for 50
% load condi
tion is 0.0
0
6
3
mm/s^2.
The Figu
re 1
0
sho
w
s the vibration
wave
form at half load.
Figure 10. Vibration
wavef
o
rm at half lo
ad
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 3, June 20
15 : 410 – 41
9
416
6.1.6. Full Load Analy
s
is
The vibration
level at a speed of 2000
rpm for full lo
ad co
ndition i
s
0.007m
m/s^2. The
Figure 11 sho
w
s the vibration wavefo
rm
at full load.
Figure 11. Vibration
wavef
o
rm at full loa
d
6.2. Vibration Analy
s
is u
s
ing RPWM
In sinusoidal
pulse wi
dth
modulation
techni
qu
e having more
vibration but in this
prop
osed m
e
thod the
Ra
nd
om pul
se
wid
t
h modul
ator
techni
que i
s
use
d
to redu
ce the vibratio
ns
at different load and
spe
e
d
conditio
n
s.
6.2.1. Speed Chan
ges a
t
500rpm
The Figu
re 1
2
sho
w
s the
vibration leve
l at a speed
of 500 rpm fo
r no load con
d
ition is
0.0026 mm/
s^2.
Figure 1
2
. Vibration
re
spo
n
se at 50
0 rp
m
6.2.2. Speed Chan
ges a
t
1500r
pm
The Fig
u
re
1
3
sh
ows the
vibration leve
l
at a sp
eed
of 1500
rpm f
o
r no l
oad
co
ndition i
s
0.0034m
m/s^
2.
Figure 6.8 Vi
bration
re
spo
n
se at 15
00 rpm
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Vibration a
n
d
Noise Analysis of 4
Ф
Switched Relu
ctan
ce Moto
r Drive (Me
k
ala.
N)
417
6.2.3. Speed Chan
ges a
t
3000r
pm
The Fig
u
re
1
4
sh
ows the
vibration leve
l
at a sp
eed
of 3000
rpm f
o
r no l
oad
co
ndition i
s
0.0039m
m/s^
2.
Figure 14. Vibration resp
on
se at 3
000 rp
m
6.2.4. 25
%
of Load Analy
s
is
The vibration
level at a sp
eed of 20
00 rpm
for 25%
o
f
load co
nditi
on is 0.0
038
mm/s^2.
Figure 15 sho
w
s the vibration
re
spo
n
se at 25% of load.
Figure 15 Vib
r
ation respon
se at 25% of load
6.2.5. Half L
o
ad An
aly
s
is
The vibratio
n
level at a sp
eed of 200
0 rpm
for 5
0
% of load co
ndit
i
on is 0.00
4m
m/s^2.
Figure 16 sho
w
s the vibration re
spo
n
se at half load.
Figure 16. Vibration
re
spo
n
se at half lo
ad
6.2.6. Full Load Analy
s
is
The vib
r
ation
level at
a
speed
of 2
0
0
0
rpm fo
r full
load
conditi
on i
s
0.0
042
mm/s^2.
Figure 17 sho
w
s the vibration re
spo
n
se at full load.
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 3, June 20
15 : 410 – 41
9
418
Figure 17 Vib
r
ation respon
se at full load
6.3. Compari
s
ion
Table
2 sho
w
s th
e vari
o
u
s vib
r
ation
s
at different
load a
nd
speed
co
nditi
ons. T
h
e
vibration
s
are
compa
r
e
d
wi
th SPWM an
d RPWM te
chniqu
es.
Table 2. Vibration analy
s
is
Load
Speed
Amplitude(mm/s^2)
Sinusoidal Pulse
w
i
dth M
odulation
(SPWM)
Random Pulse
width
Modulation
(RPW
M)
No
Load
500 0.0035
0.0026
1500
0.005
0.0034
3000
0.006
0.0036
Variable
Load
25% Load
0.0058
0.0038
Half Load
0.0063
0.0040
Full Load
0.007
0.0042
The variou
s
noise analysi
s
are
carried
out with different load and
spe
ed co
nditi
ons. In
3000
rp
m the
maximum
no
ise l
e
vel i
s
9
9
.2dB, at full
load
co
nditio
n
the
maximu
m noi
se
level
is
103.1dB in SPWM tech
nique
s. The
Table 3 s
hows the variou
s noi
se
level with their
corre
s
p
ondin
g
spe
ed.
Table 3. Noi
s
e analysi
s
Load
Speed
(RPM)
Noise(dB)
Sinusoidal Pulse
w
i
dth M
odulation
(SPWM)
Random Pulse
width
Modulation
(RPW
M)
No Load
500 78.1
65
1000
80.4
70.1
1500
82.6
80.3
2000
84.5
82.1
2500
89.1
84
3000
99.2
90
Variable
Load
500 78.4
66.1
1000
85.2
79.6
1500
90.3
86.4
2000
93.5
88
2500
100.2
92.2
3000
103.1
93.5
7. Conclusio
n
In this
pap
er pre
s
e
n
t the
noi
se
and
vibrat
ion
ana
lysis
at different loa
d
a
n
d
sp
eed
conditions in 4
Ф
SRM drive. The vibration is me
a
s
ur
ed
with ac
celerometer. It is
us
ed to
measure the
vibration
s
at
variou
s condi
tions.
If full load will
be ap
plied to the
machi
ne m
e
a
n
s
the mo
re vib
r
ations was o
c
curred
after
that we
u
s
e
new switchin
g techniq
u
e
s
(RP
W
M), it
was
redu
ce
d th
e
vibration
s
co
mpared
with
SPWM te
ch
nique
s. A
so
und l
e
vel m
e
ter i
s
used
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Vibration a
n
d
Noise Analysis of 4
Ф
Switched Relu
ctan
ce Moto
r Drive (Me
k
ala.
N)
419
measure the
acou
stic n
o
i
s
e at differen
t
speed
a
nd
load conditio
n
s. The expe
rimental resu
lts
sho
w
s the noi
se an
d vibrati
on analy
s
is of
SRM
drive at
different load
and sp
eed
condition
s.
Referen
ces
[1]
Adria
n
D
a
vi
d
Che
o
k. DSP-B
a
sed
Autom
a
ted Er
r
o
r-Re
d
u
c
ing
F
l
u
x
-L
ink
age-M
easur
em
ent Meth
od
for
S
w
itc
h
e
d
Re
lu
ctance Motors.
IEEE Transac
tions on Instru
m
e
ntation and
Measur
em
ent.
200
7;
56(
6):
224
5-22
53.
[2]
Abde
l-Karim
D
aud, B
a
sim A
l
sa
yid. DS
P B
a
sed
Simu
lato
r for Spe
ed
C
ontrol
of the
S
y
nc
hro
n
o
u
s
Reluct
ance
Mo
tor Usi
ng
H
y
steresis
Curr
ent
Co
ntroll
er.
En
ergy
an
d Pow
e
r En
gin
eer
ing
.
201
3: 3
6
3
-
371.
[3]
Chris S E
d
rin
g
ton. Investi
g
a
t
ion of El
ectr
o
m
agn
etic F
o
rc
e Com
pon
ents
in SRM u
n
d
e
r
Singl
e a
n
d
Multip
hase E
x
c
i
tation.
IEEE Transacti
ons o
n
Industry App
lic
ations.
20
05; 4
1
(4): 978-
98
8.
[4]
Jui-Yu
an Ch
ai.
On Acoustic-Noise-R
e
d
u
ctio
n
Cont
rol Usi
ng
Ran
dom S
w
itc
h
in
g T
e
chniqu
e for S
w
itch-
Mode R
e
ctifier
s
in PMSM Drive.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronic
s.
2008; 55(
3): 129
5-13
09.
[5]
Micha
e
l M Bec
h
. Ran
dom Mo
dul
ation T
e
chn
i
qu
es
w
i
th F
i
xed S
w
itc
h
in
g F
r
equ
enc
y for T
h
ree-P
h
a
s
e
Po
w
e
r C
onvert
e
rs.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
.
2000; 15(
4): 753-7
61.
[6]
Ngu
y
e
n
M
i
n
h
Khai,
Duck-Sh
ick Sh
in. A
N
e
w
R
a
n
dom
S
w
itc
h
in
g T
e
ch
niq
ue f
o
r the
Sing
le P
has
e
S
w
itc
h
e
d
Rel
u
ctance Motor D
r
ives.
IEEE Transtaction.
2
007
: 1778-1
7
8
3
.
[7]
Prasad. DSP b
a
sed Sp
ee
d C
ontrol of 4 p
h
a
s
e 8/
6 S
w
itch
e
d
Rel
u
ctanc
e Motor Drive us
ing D
C
Spli
t
Conv
erter.
J. E
l
ectrical System
s.
20
12: 47-
5
6
.
[8]
Paramas
i
vam,
Arumugam. Real time DS
P-base
d
ad
apt
ive contro
ller i
m
pleme
n
tatio
n
for 6/4 pol
e
s
w
itc
h
e
d
reluct
ance motor dr
i
v
e.
Songkl
a
n
a
k
arin J. Sci. T
e
chno
l
. 200
5: 523-5
34.
[9]
Ramas
a
m
y
G, Raja
ndr
an
RV. Mod
e
li
ng
of S
w
itch
ed
Rel
u
ctanc
e
Motor driv
e
S
y
stem
usi
n
g
Matlab/Sim
u
li
n
k
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l
ysis of
Current Co
ntrollers.
IEEE Transaction.
20
0
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: 892-8
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[10]
Raul
R
abi
nov
i
c
i. T
o
rque ri
pp
le, vi
bratio
ns,
and
aco
u
stic
n
o
ise
in
s
w
itch
e
d
rel
u
ctanc
e
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HAIT
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nce an
d Eng
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.