I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
21
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
4
~
1
5
4
1
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijeecs.v
2
4
.i
3
.
pp
1
5
3
4
-
1
5
4
1
1534
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
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e
:
h
ttp
:
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ee
cs.ia
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r
e.
co
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Rea
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Ahm
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ticle
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to
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y:
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Sep
1
4
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202
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R
ev
is
ed
Oct
20
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2
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1
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ted
Oct
27
,
2
0
2
1
Hig
h
-
sp
e
e
d
m
o
b
il
it
y
sy
ste
m
h
a
s
n
o
w
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
se
rio
u
s
c
o
n
c
e
rn
fo
r
m
o
b
il
e
o
p
e
ra
to
rs
d
u
e
to
th
e
larg
e
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s
o
f
a
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
n
e
tw
o
r
k
m
a
d
e
u
p
o
f
m
u
lt
i
p
le
c
e
ll
ty
p
e
s
a
n
d
d
iffe
re
n
t
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
s.
Ha
n
d
o
v
e
r
(HO
)
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
in
a
re
a
l
-
li
fe
sc
e
n
a
rio
wh
e
n
t
h
e
u
se
r
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(UE)
m
o
v
e
s
fr
o
m
o
n
e
n
e
two
r
k
c
o
v
e
ra
g
e
t
o
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
b
y
p
e
rfo
rm
in
g
p
ro
p
e
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
with
h
ig
h
sp
e
e
d
.
HO
b
re
a
k
d
o
wn
a
n
d
c
a
ll
lo
ss
a
re
o
b
se
rv
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
a
h
ig
h
s
p
e
e
d
;
th
u
s,
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
m
o
b
il
it
y
sy
ste
m
n
e
e
d
s
imp
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
UE
sp
e
e
d
a
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
c
rit
e
ria
fo
r
t
h
e
lo
n
g
-
term
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
(LT
E)
n
e
tw
o
rk
.
Ve
n
d
o
r
c
o
n
su
l
tatio
n
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
si
d
e
re
d
in
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
in
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
t
o
re
a
l
d
ri
v
e
te
st
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
in
h
i
g
h
wa
y
s.
Re
su
lt
s
h
a
v
e
sh
o
wn
t
h
a
t
v
e
lo
c
it
y
h
a
s
a
d
irec
t
imp
a
c
t
o
n
th
e
h
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
o
v
e
ra
ll
ti
m
in
g
.
Re
su
lt
s
a
lso
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
th
a
t
1
2
0
k
m
/h
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
is
b
e
tt
e
r
th
a
n
1
4
0
k
m
/
h
a
s UE
sp
e
e
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Field
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
Han
d
o
v
er
Hete
r
o
g
en
eo
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
Mo
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
UE
s
p
ee
d
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ah
m
ed
Ab
d
elsalam
Ab
u
el
g
asim
Sch
o
o
l o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ala
y
s
ia
(
UT
M)
Sk
u
d
ai,
8
1
3
1
0
,
J
o
h
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: a
h
m
ed
k
h
air
2
2
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
"seam
less
"
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
,
r
elo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
with
in
t
h
ese
h
ete
r
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
tem
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
is
ess
en
tial.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
er
tical
h
an
d
o
v
er
(
VHO)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
[
1
]
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast,
b
o
th
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
a
n
d
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
a
r
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
,
id
en
tifie
d
o
n
ce
th
e
u
s
er
e
q
u
i
p
m
en
t
p
ass
es
to
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
ce
llu
lar
ce
lls
an
d
attac
h
ed
to
a
n
ew
ce
ll
af
ter
d
etac
h
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ite
o
f
ce
llu
lar
o
r
ig
in
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
d
ec
i
s
io
n
h
as
to
b
e
m
ad
e
b
y
m
u
ltip
le
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
to
ad
d
r
ess
u
s
ab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
lik
e
laten
cy
a
n
d
co
m
p
lete
f
ailu
r
e
.
A
co
m
b
in
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
b
e
in
g
u
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
ce
llu
lar
co
v
er
ag
e
a
n
d
h
an
d
o
v
er
f
o
r
ec
asts
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
(
L
T
E
)
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
s
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
lo
w
u
s
er
s
p
ee
d
s
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
5
k
m
/h
,
an
d
f
aster
u
s
er
s
p
ee
d
s
f
r
o
m
1
5
to
1
2
0
k
m
/h
,
a
s
p
er
th
e
3
r
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
ject
(
3
GPP).
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
m
o
b
ilit
y
v
ia
th
e
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
ca
n
s
till
b
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
at
s
p
ee
d
s
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
2
0
k
m
/h
to
3
5
0
k
m
/h
,
b
u
t
o
n
ce
ag
ain
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
q
u
ality
(
i.e
.
d
elay
tim
e)
i
n
th
e
cir
cu
it
s
witch
(
C
S)
s
y
s
tem
h
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
wo
u
ld
b
e
less
th
an
o
r
s
im
ilar
to
th
at
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
class
if
ied
as
a
h
y
b
r
id
in
f
r
ast
r
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
h
ig
h
a
n
d
lo
w
p
o
wer
m
o
b
ile
ce
lls
.
S
o
m
e
h
av
e
r
estricte
d
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
s
etu
p
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
ca
n
ig
n
o
r
e
wir
ed
b
ac
k
h
au
l
[
5
]
.
Hig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
wh
e
n
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
as
th
er
e
is
a
c
o
r
r
e
latio
n
b
etwe
en
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
ce
ll
co
v
er
ag
e
,
s
o
mm
W
av
es
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
m
o
b
il
e
tele
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
(
I
MT
)
an
d
t
h
e
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
ati
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
5
G
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
R
ea
l
-
time
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
mo
b
ilit
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
(
A
h
med
A
b
d
elsa
la
m
A
b
u
elg
a
s
im
)
1535
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
s
u
es
as
h
an
d
o
v
er
d
elay
m
ay
o
cc
u
r
wh
en
u
se
r
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
UE
)
m
o
v
es
with
a
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
o
f
1
4
0
k
m
/
h
b
etwe
en
two
ad
jace
n
t
L
T
E
ce
lls
v
er
tically
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
o
v
er
(
HO
)
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
ti
m
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
HO
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t,
will
tak
e
l
o
n
g
er
th
a
n
in
ty
p
ical
HO
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
o
v
er
all
HO
tim
e.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
UE
m
ay
cr
o
s
s
th
e
HO
ar
ea
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
ce
lls
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
r
ep
o
r
t
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
s
er
v
in
g
ce
ll
to
d
ec
id
e
w
h
eth
er
to
p
r
o
ce
ed
wi
th
th
e
HO
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
r
th
e
ca
ll is
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
.
An
as
et
a
l.
[
9
]
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
h
an
d
o
f
f
u
s
in
g
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
HO
am
o
u
n
t.
W
h
en
ev
er
th
e
UE
v
elo
city
is
b
etwe
en
3
-
1
2
0
k
m
/h
,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
tim
e
to
tr
ig
g
er
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ig
n
al
to
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
n
o
is
e
r
at
io
(
SIN
R
)
.
B
ai
et
a
l.
[
10
]
s
tu
d
ied
v
elo
city
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Q
o
S)
f
o
r
ev
o
l
v
ed
n
o
d
e
B
(
eNB)
a
n
d
f
em
to
ce
ll
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
to
m
in
im
ize
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
h
an
d
o
f
f
.
T
h
e
UE
v
elo
cit
y
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
t
o
th
r
ee
class
es
(
0
-
1
5
)
,
(
1
5
-
3
0
)
,
an
d
(
>
3
0
)
k
m
/h
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
u
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ca
lls
.
T
h
e
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
n
e
g
lects
s
er
v
ices
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
i
n
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
L
ee
et
a
l.
[1
1
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
HO
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
a
n
aly
ze
t
h
e
p
i
n
g
-
p
o
n
g
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
,
th
e
laten
c
y
o
f
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
r
ad
io
lin
k
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
h
an
d
o
v
er
wh
en
th
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
,
15,
30,
60
,
an
d
1
2
0
k
m
/h
.
T
h
e
U
E
s
p
ee
d
h
as
a
d
ir
ec
t
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
r
a
d
io
lin
k
f
ailu
r
e
an
d
p
in
g
-
p
o
n
g
;
h
o
wev
e
r
,
r
ad
io
lin
k
f
ailu
r
e
r
e
m
ain
s
s
tab
le
wh
en
th
e
tim
e
to
tr
ig
g
er
is
5
1
2
0
m
s
.
Xu
et
a
l.
[1
2
]
g
en
er
ated
a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
p
er
io
d
ically
(
ev
e
r
y
1
0
0
m
s
)
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
e
d
p
o
w
er
(
R
SR
P)
an
d
UE
s
p
ee
d
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
t
h
eir
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
3
,
3
0
,
6
0
,
a
n
d
1
2
0
k
m
/h
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
al
is
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
ailed
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
an
d
p
in
g
p
o
n
g
in
b
o
t
h
m
ac
r
o
an
d
p
ico
-
ce
lls
.
In
[
1
2
]
-
[1
4
]
esti
m
ate
th
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
an
d
o
v
er
n
u
m
b
er
c
o
u
n
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
tim
e
f
r
am
e
ex
p
e
cted
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
is
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
f
ail
wh
en
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
esti
m
atio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
wo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
h
ig
h
-
d
en
s
ity
n
etwo
r
k
,
b
u
t
s
p
ee
d
esti
m
atio
n
wo
r
k
s
wh
en
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
is
f
u
ll
o
f
s
m
all
ce
lls
,
esp
ec
ially
in
tr
ain
s
.
Osi
f
ek
o
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
p
ee
d
(
6
0
-
1
2
0
k
m
/
h
)
in
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Po
wer
,
tim
e
to
tr
ig
g
er
(
T
T
T
)
,
an
d
h
an
d
o
v
er
m
ar
g
in
(
HOM
)
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
a
v
o
id
p
in
g
-
p
o
n
g
v
ia
s
to
p
p
in
g
th
e
HO
tr
i
g
g
er
with
in
a
ce
r
tain
tim
e.
F
o
r
t
o
d
a
y
'
s
w
i
r
el
es
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
b
o
t
h
n
e
w
a
n
d
t
r
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
y
s
t
em
s
a
r
e
m
i
x
e
d
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
te
l
e
c
o
m
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
w
i
l
l
i
n
g
t
o
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
ll
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
a
c
c
e
s
s
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
a
t
o
n
c
e
.
I
n
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
f
e
r
s
v
e
r
s
a
t
il
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
d
m
a
n
y
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
n
d
u
s
e
r
s
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
ce
l
l
s
i
z
es
a
n
d
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
m
.
A
s
a
c
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
,
h
ete
r
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
(
H
e
tN
e
t)
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
e
d
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
c
e
l
l
u
la
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
(
i
.
e
.
,
3
G
,
L
T
E
,
an
d
"
5
G
"
n
e
x
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
.
H
et
N
e
t
e
m
b
r
a
c
es
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
d
a
t
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
s
u
f
f
i
ci
e
n
t
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
,
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
a
c
ce
s
s
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
b
le
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
.
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
is
s
u
e
s
,
s
p
e
c
t
r
u
m
a
v
a
il
a
b
i
li
t
y
a
n
d
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
e
t
o
p
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
s
t
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
v
e
r
tical
h
an
d
o
v
er
(
VHO)
o
f
UE
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
s
witch
in
g
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
ce
llu
lar
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
is
a
k
ey
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Ser
v
ice
ef
f
icien
cy
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
HO
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
o
n
h
ig
h
way
s
r
em
ain
s
an
u
n
r
eso
lv
ed
an
d
alar
m
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
all
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
tr
af
f
ic
m
o
v
em
en
t
th
at
ca
n
s
u
r
p
ass
1
4
0
k
m
/
h
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
h
ig
h
way
s
p
ee
d
lim
it f
o
r
m
o
s
t c
o
u
n
tr
ies wo
r
ld
wid
e
[1
4
]
,
[1
6
]
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
ca
ll
d
r
o
p
s
,
UE
s
p
ee
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
ar
t
o
f
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
p
lan
n
in
g
,
an
d
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
b
etwe
en
ad
jace
n
t
ce
lls
m
u
s
t b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
C
o
n
d
u
cted
d
r
i
v
e
test
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
ce
ll
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ce
ll
ty
p
es
b
ein
g
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
co
v
er
ag
e
r
an
g
e
is
0
.
4
to
3
k
m
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
p
o
wer
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ce
l
ls
ar
e
ch
an
g
ed
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
ly
.
I
n
co
n
g
ested
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
ce
lls
with
n
ar
r
o
w
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
s
ar
e
u
s
e
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
s
er
v
i
ce
,
wh
er
ea
s
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
ce
lls
ar
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
w
h
en
lar
g
e
co
v
e
r
ag
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Ou
r
ea
r
ly
s
u
cc
ess
in
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
[1
6
]
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
ea
ch
L
T
E
ce
ll
wh
ich
was
co
n
d
u
cted
d
u
r
in
g
o
u
r
f
iel
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
W
h
ile
tr
y
in
g
to
m
ak
e
th
e
ce
ll
s
elec
tio
n
/
r
eselectio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
id
ea
l
m
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
HO
d
ec
i
s
io
n
in
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e,
R
S
R
P
is
v
iewe
d
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ain
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
As
s
tated
in
[1
6
]
,
th
e
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
v
a
r
iatio
n
wo
u
ld
b
e
b
etwe
en
-
8
0
to
-
1
0
5
d
B
m
as
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
in
m
o
s
t
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
class
ic
3
GPP
r
an
g
e
is
s
o
m
ewh
er
e
b
etwe
en
-
4
4
an
d
-
1
4
0
d
B
m
[1
7
]
,
s
o
it
is
clea
r
th
at
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
ato
r
s
ar
e
at
tem
p
tin
g
to
r
aise
th
eir
r
u
les
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
h
ig
h
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
,
t
o
av
o
id
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
p
ar
ties
’
p
e
n
a
lties
d
u
e
to
b
ad
cu
s
to
m
e
r
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
an
d
to
m
ee
t
th
eir
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
r
iv
e
t
est
s
etu
p
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
alo
n
g
with
L
T
E
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
in
m
o
bi
le
o
p
er
ato
r
n
etwo
r
k
as
s
h
o
wn
in
b
ase
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
s
tatio
n
(
B
T
S
)
s
ite
m
an
ag
er
s
o
f
twar
e.
3
GPP
d
ef
in
ed
L
T
E
h
an
d
o
v
er
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ev
en
t
-
b
ased
r
ep
o
r
ts
A1
,
A2
,
A3
,
A4
,
A5
,
a
n
d
A6
b
ased
o
n
tim
er
ex
p
ir
y
a
n
d
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
ce
ll
en
er
g
y
with
ac
ce
p
te
d
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
3
GPP
h
as
also
d
ef
in
e
d
tr
i
g
g
er
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
in
ter
r
a
d
io
ac
ce
s
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
in
ter
-
R
AT
)
h
an
d
o
v
er
s
in
two
ev
en
t
-
b
ased
r
e
p
o
r
t
s
B
1
an
d
B
2
[1
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
21
:
1
5
3
4
-
1
5
4
1
1536
T
ab
le
1
.
Dr
iv
e
test
an
d
L
T
E
c
ell
s
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No
C
o
m
m
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n
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
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s
ed
d
u
r
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g
h
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n
d
o
v
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m
ea
s
u
r
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en
ts
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d
p
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d
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r
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s,
s
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ch
as
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ig
n
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tr
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g
th
,
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ce
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s
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n
al
q
u
ality
,
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e
b
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d
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th
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UE
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ce
ti
m
e
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y
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m
b
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o
f
two
o
r
m
o
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e
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f
t
h
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p
ar
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m
eter
s
.
Ho
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er
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p
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th
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co
m
m
o
n
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p
er
ato
r
s
,
o
n
ly
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eiv
ed
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n
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s
tr
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g
th
an
d
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ed
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n
al
q
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ality
a
r
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
h
an
d
o
v
er
.
Mo
r
eo
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er
,
s
o
m
e
v
en
d
o
r
s
esti
m
ate
th
e
v
elo
city
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
ea
m
less
co
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n
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t r
ep
o
r
t a
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
h
an
d
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v
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p
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d
u
r
e
as o
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f
th
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k
e
y
p
a
r
am
eter
s
in
th
e
h
an
d
o
v
e
r
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
UE
s
p
ee
d
to
h
an
d
o
v
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m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
ep
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t
s
is
aim
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r
ea
s
e
th
e
t
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tal
f
ailu
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f
co
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tio
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d
u
r
in
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th
e
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a
n
d
o
v
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d
ca
ll
lo
s
s
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n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
it
h
elp
s
to
im
p
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o
v
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
o
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ile
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etwo
r
k
q
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d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
at
is
f
ac
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n
.
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h
e
p
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p
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s
ed
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o
r
ith
m
is
d
esig
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f
o
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h
eter
o
g
en
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o
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s
n
etwo
r
k
s
wh
er
e
b
o
th
r
e
g
u
lar
ce
lls
an
d
s
m
all
ce
lls
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
g
et
h
er
.
2
.
1
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
s
y
s
t
em
a
rc
hit
ec
t
ure
Sp
ec
tr
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m
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
h
as
b
ee
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r
ec
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tly
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n
s
id
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d
as
a
s
ca
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ce
r
eso
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r
ce
d
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e
to
th
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h
ig
h
d
em
an
d
f
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m
o
b
ile
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d
n
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n
m
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b
ile
tech
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ies.
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ices
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ices
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ices.
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ce
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lar
tech
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e
d
e
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lo
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if
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t
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atin
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w
h
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ain
ly
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ld
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m
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ilit
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th
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tim
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ter
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telec
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m
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(
I
T
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wo
r
l
d
r
ad
io
co
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f
er
en
ce
(
W
R
C
-
1
9
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tain
s
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
L
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ce
lls
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ter
m
s
o
f
th
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e
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ated
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r
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q
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en
c
y
b
an
d
s
an
d
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u
tp
u
t
p
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wer
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n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ce
ll,
n
am
ed
L
T
E
ce
ll#
1
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
an
d
is
1
8
0
0
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z
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
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f
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z,
wh
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ea
s
th
e
s
ec
o
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ce
ll,
n
am
ed
L
T
E
ce
ll#
2
,
f
ea
tu
r
es
2
6
0
0
MH
z
as
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
a
n
d
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
2
0
MH
z.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
iv
is
io
n
d
u
p
lex
in
g
(
FDD)
is
u
s
ed
as m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
m
o
d
e
in
b
o
th
L
T
E
ce
lls
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
is
s
im
i
lar
to
im
p
lem
en
ted
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
as
p
er
th
e
u
s
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
an
d
a
n
d
ce
ll
ty
p
es.
L
T
E
ce
ll
r
ad
iu
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
2
.
7
k
m
,
0
.
5
k
m
f
o
r
m
ac
r
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ce
ll
with
T
X
p
o
wer
o
f
4
6
d
B
m
a
n
d
s
m
all
c
ell
with
T
X
p
o
wer
o
f
2
0
d
B
m
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
e
al
L
T
E
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
m
o
b
ile
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
th
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
R
SR
P
o
f
th
e
L
T
E
c
ell
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
HO
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
a
n
d
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
b
an
d
h
as
to
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
i
n
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
L
T
E
c
ells
as
it
i
s
v
er
tical
HO
.
On
ce
t
h
e
UE
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
e
d
ef
in
ed
s
p
ee
d
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
will
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
R
S
R
P
with
th
e
d
ef
in
ed
R
SR
P
th
r
esh
o
ld
wh
ich
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
test
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
an
d
th
e
r
ea
l
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
is
tr
i
g
g
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
er
v
in
g
ce
ll to
th
e
tar
g
et
ce
ll wh
en
th
e
ab
o
v
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
r
e
m
et.
2
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
s
im
ula
t
io
n e
nv
iro
nm
ent
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
es
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
to
o
l
to
s
im
u
late
th
e
h
an
d
o
v
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
en
UE
m
o
v
es
at
a
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
u
p
t
o
1
4
0
k
m
/h
.
Field
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
h
ea
d
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
ar
e
b
o
th
r
ea
l
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
an
d
s
im
u
lated
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
h
an
d
o
v
er
.
Als
o
,
th
e
HO
ar
ea
b
etwe
en
tw
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ad
jace
n
t
ce
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h
as
to
b
e
ev
alu
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to
m
in
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to
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b
er
o
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h
an
d
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v
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r
s
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h
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q
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d
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[
19
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t)
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1
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R
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=
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(
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+
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0
(
2
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(
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=
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(
)
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6
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3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
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N
T
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
3
.
1
.
Driv
e
t
est
m
e
a
s
urem
ent
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
R
SR
P
in
n
et
wo
r
k
s
ettin
g
s
f
o
r
telec
o
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ca
r
r
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is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
k
ee
p
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
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at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el,
ev
e
n
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
al
lo
w
-
s
p
ee
d
u
s
er
s
.
Mo
b
ile
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
f
ac
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
r
ea
t
in
r
ed
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cin
g
ca
ll
d
ec
lin
es
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
d
ela
y
s
in
n
o
n
-
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
wh
e
n
t
h
e
UE
lim
it
is
o
v
e
r
1
2
0
k
m
/
h
.
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q
u
e
n
t
tr
an
s
f
er
s
o
cc
u
r
s
ev
er
al
tim
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th
r
o
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g
h
f
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eld
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
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s
p
ee
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in
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s
es,
s
o
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
ce
lls
will
aim
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
ca
ll
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
b
u
t
h
i
g
h
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p
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ce
lls
d
o
h
av
e
d
r
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k
s
o
v
er
s
m
all
ce
lls
,
as
th
ey
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
e
n
s
ity
ar
e
as
co
n
g
ested
with
h
u
m
an
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
in
ter
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
h
an
d
o
v
er
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
o
n
ce
th
e
v
el
o
city
is
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4
0
k
m
/h
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
ield
test
s
.
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en
d
in
g
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n
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
R
SR
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ea
s
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r
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,
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e
m
ax
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u
m
p
o
wer
is
-
2
5
d
B
m
,
an
d
if
t
h
e
r
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r
ce
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lo
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s
ar
e
7
2
an
d
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
b
an
d
wid
th
is
1
.
4
MH
z,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
R
SR
P r
ec
o
r
d
ed
is
1
0
.
lo
g
1
0
(
7
2
)
,
wh
ich
is
-
4
4
d
B
m
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
U
E
s
p
ee
d
was
o
b
v
io
u
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cted
d
r
iv
e
test
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
th
e
s
p
ee
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is
1
4
0
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m
/h
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
er
e
th
e
h
an
d
o
v
er
f
ailu
r
e
clea
r
ly
h
ap
p
en
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
an
d
o
v
er
ar
ea
in
th
e
r
e
d
cir
cle
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
R
SR
P
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
ield
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
test
s
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
t
o
b
e
-
6
5
d
B
m
as
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
etec
ted
v
al
u
e
with
th
e
q
u
ality
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
SIN
R
b
etwe
en
-
1
1
d
B
an
d
-
1
0
5
d
B
m
wh
en
t
h
e
UE
is
m
o
v
in
g
with
a
v
elo
city
o
f
1
4
0
k
m
/h
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
R
SR
P
wh
en
th
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
4
0
k
m
/h
.
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r
eo
v
er
,
a
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
f
ailu
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
two
a
d
jace
n
t
ce
lls
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
,
as sh
o
wn
b
y
th
e
r
ed
cir
cle
i
n
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
cted
f
ield
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
s
h
o
w
b
etter
R
SR
P
v
ar
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n
s
wh
en
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
2
0
k
m
/h
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
am
e
zo
n
e
b
etwe
en
two
ce
llu
lar
ce
lls
in
th
e
s
am
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
wh
en
t
h
e
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m
o
v
in
g
with
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v
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f
1
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0
k
m
/
h
.
L
T
E
s
ig
n
al
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
ac
ted
s
e
v
er
al
tim
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
test
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t;
h
o
wev
er
,
n
o
h
an
d
o
v
er
f
ailu
r
e
is
r
eg
is
ter
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws th
e
R
SR
P wh
en
th
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
2
0
k
m
/
h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
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l.
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4
,
No
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3
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Dec
em
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er
20
21
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1
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3
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1
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4
1
1538
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
SR
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ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wh
en
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
UE
)
s
p
ee
d
is
1
4
0
k
m
/h
(
a
d
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
[1
6
]
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
SR
P v
ar
iatio
n
s
wh
en
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
4
0
k
m
/h
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
SR
P
v
ar
iatio
n
s
wh
en
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
2
0
k
m
/h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
R
ea
l
-
time
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
mo
b
ilit
y
ma
n
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g
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n
t
(
A
h
med
A
b
d
elsa
la
m
A
b
u
elg
a
s
im
)
1539
3
.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
UE
s
p
ee
d
in
t
h
e
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
p
r
ep
a
r
atio
n
s
tag
e
h
elp
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
.
Path
lo
s
s
o
f
L
T
E
ce
lls
is
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
g
et
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
L
T
E
ce
ll,
eith
er
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
o
r
s
m
all
ce
ll.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
p
at
h
l
o
s
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
a
cr
o
ce
ll
a
n
d
s
m
all
ce
ll
(
f
em
t
o
ce
ll)
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
b
ased
o
n
(
5
)
an
d
(
6
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Path
lo
s
s
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
Ma
cr
o
ce
ll a
n
d
Fem
to
ce
ll
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
R
SR
P
v
ar
ies
b
y
-
6
0
d
B
m
to
-
1
3
2
d
B
m
f
o
r
b
o
th
L
T
E
ce
lls
wh
en
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
b
etwe
en
1
2
0
-
1
4
0
k
m
/h
;
h
o
wev
e
r
,
t
h
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
etter
r
esu
lts
wh
en
th
e
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
2
0
k
m
/h
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
R
SR
P
v
ar
iatio
n
f
o
r
ce
ll
I
D
9
,
wh
ich
o
p
er
ates
with
2
0
d
B
m
as
tr
a
n
s
m
it
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
th
e
b
est
-
r
e
co
r
d
ed
R
SR
P
i
s
ar
o
u
n
d
-
7
9
an
d
-
5
3
d
B
m
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
th
e
wo
r
s
e
v
alu
e
is
f
o
u
n
d
ar
o
u
n
d
-
1
0
0
a
n
d
-
8
7
d
B
m
f
o
r
d
r
iv
e
test
(
DT
)
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
lated
R
SR
P wh
en
UE
s
p
ee
d
is
1
2
0
k
m
/h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
21
:
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5
3
4
-
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5
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1540
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
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lated
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SR
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s
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DT
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SR
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o
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c
ell
I
D
9
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d
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E
s
p
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is
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/h
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CO
NCLU
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ates.
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S
[1
]
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.
Y
a
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g
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g
,
a
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d
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Ch
e
n
,
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]
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C.
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li
-
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M
.
Al
o
h
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[3
]
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.
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Ha
ss
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,
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Ba
b
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.
B.
M
.
Am
ien
,
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m
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[4
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3
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[5
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.
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ri
,
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J
o
u
a
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.
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h
lac
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re
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[6
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G
S
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A,
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p
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7
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A.
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Na
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.
S
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rv
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d
,
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[
8
]
R.
I.
B
o
b
y
,
K.
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
,
A.
Z.
Ju
so
h
,
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P
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rv
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[
9
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.
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.
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lab
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se
,
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.
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10
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T.
Ba
i,
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Wa
n
g
,
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Li
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a
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.
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ter
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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1541
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1
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Lee
,
B
.
S
h
i
n
,
J.
Li
m
,
a
n
d
D.
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n
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,
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2
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.
X.
Xu
,
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Wu
,
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.
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m
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n
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,
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u
,
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.
M
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3
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u
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c
,
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4
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.
[1
4
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S
.
Ra
h
m
a
ti
a
,
D.
M
a
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n
,
M
.
Ism
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il
,
O.
Nu
r
S
a
m
ij
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y
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,
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As
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[1
5
]
M
.
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Os
ifek
o
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A.
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k
u
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a
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jo
,
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o
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,
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n
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a
n
u
si,
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a
lu
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m
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g
term
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.
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p
l
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ir
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jas
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v
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1
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6
]
B.
Ka
tz,
J.
M
a
,
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Ri
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m
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2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
A.
Ab
d
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lam
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d
M
.
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A
b
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e
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g
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sim
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8
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,
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[
19
]
C.
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[2
1
]
O.
Altrad
,
S
.
M
u
h
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id
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t
,
a
n
d
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.
D.
Yo
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,
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term
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rk
s,”
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T
Ne
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k
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2
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2
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2
4
.
[2
2
]
H.
M
.
T
.
Al
-
Hilfi
,
“
An
a
ly
sis o
f
L
TE
p
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a
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d
,
”
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EL
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NIKA
T
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mm
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ti
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mp
u
ti
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g
,
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e
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8
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telk
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6
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.
[2
3
]
K.
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h
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n
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m
,
H.
Al
-
Ra
d
wa
n
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a
n
d
A.
Ah
m
a
d
,
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A
Ti
m
e
r
b
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se
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o
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Ov
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Are
a
fo
r
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,
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t
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rn
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J
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l
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Res
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a
rc
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&
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e
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1
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y
2
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5
.
p
p
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6
9
-
3
7
5
.
[2
4
]
G
.
Ch
o
p
ra
,
S
.
Ja
i
n
,
a
n
d
R.
K.
J
h
a
,
“
P
o
ss
ib
le
S
e
c
u
r
it
y
Attac
k
M
o
d
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li
n
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in
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se
Ne
two
rk
s
Us
i
n
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Hi
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p
e
e
d
Ha
n
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o
v
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r
M
a
n
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g
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m
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n
t,
”
i
n
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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Veh
icu
l
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r
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y
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l.
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7
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p
p
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8
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9
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,
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1
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1
1
0
9
/
TVT.
2
0
1
7
.
2
7
6
5
0
0
4
.
[2
5
]
R.
Ah
m
a
d
,
E.
A.
S
u
n
d
a
ra
ra
jan
,
N.
E.
Oth
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ism
a
il
,
“
An
e
fficie
n
t
h
a
n
d
o
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r
d
e
c
isio
n
i
n
h
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tero
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n
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o
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s
LTE
-
A
n
e
tw
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rk
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
a
ss
istan
c
e
o
f
u
se
rs’
p
ro
f
il
e
,
”
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
p
p
.
27
-
45
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s
1
1
2
3
5
-
0
1
7
-
0
3
7
4
-
4
.
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