I
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o
urna
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f
E
lect
rica
l En
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ineering
a
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Co
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Science
Vo
l.
21
,
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.
2
,
Feb
r
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y
2
0
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1
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p
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.
6
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N:
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m
Dy
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ic s
tate
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tion o
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m
ul
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a
chine
pow
er sy
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m
w
ith
UPF
C
using
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o
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m
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r
a
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ra
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t
a
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.
G
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a
m
na
ni
De
p
a
rtme
n
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e
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tri
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a
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it
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l
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iv
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rsity
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a
n
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h
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a
g
a
r,
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d
ia
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icle
I
nfo
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ST
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A
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ticle
his
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y:
R
ec
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Ja
n
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Esti
m
a
ti
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o
f
d
y
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a
m
ic
sta
te
v
a
riab
les
in
a
m
u
lt
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-
m
a
c
h
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p
o
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r
s
y
st
e
m
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
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it
h
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P
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C
is
p
re
se
n
te
d
in
th
is
p
a
p
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r,
u
sin
g
e
x
ten
d
e
d
k
a
lm
a
n
f
il
ter
(EKF
)
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
A
t
w
o
-
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
tes
t
c
a
se
is
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se
d
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stim
a
te
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g
e
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e
ra
to
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ro
to
r
a
n
g
le
a
n
d
ro
to
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sp
e
e
d
.
Th
e
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
UP
F
C
is
th
e
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
sta
te
v
a
riab
le
to
b
e
e
stim
a
ted
.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
th
e
m
u
lt
i
-
m
a
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h
in
e
s
y
st
e
m
w
it
h
U
P
F
C
is
e
x
p
lain
e
d
in
th
is
w
o
rk
.
D
S
E
is
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
e
r
tran
sie
n
t
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
o
f
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
f
a
u
lt
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
D
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tate
est
i
m
a
tio
n
E
x
ten
d
ed
k
al
m
a
n
f
ilter
F
A
C
T
S
State
p
r
ed
ictio
n
UP
FC
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Me
er
a
Kar
am
ta
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
P
an
d
it De
en
d
a
y
al
P
etr
o
leu
m
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
co
r
r
id
o
r
,
R
aisan
,
Gan
d
h
i
n
a
g
ar
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
m
ee
r
a.
k
p
h
d
1
4
@
s
o
t.p
d
p
u
.
ac
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
P
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ato
r
s
d
ep
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
s
ta
te
esti
m
ato
r
f
o
r
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
State
esti
m
atio
n
h
elp
s
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
tak
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
d
ec
is
io
n
s
wh
en
a
n
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
o
cc
u
r
s
.
Mo
s
t
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
lo
ad
f
lo
w
,
co
n
tin
g
e
n
c
y
an
al
y
s
is
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
u
s
e
th
e
s
tate
esti
m
atio
n
r
es
u
lts
.
Stat
e
esti
m
ato
r
is
a
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
t
h
e
av
ai
lab
le
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
est
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
[
1
,
2]
.
Su
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
(
SC
AD
A
)
co
llects
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
l
o
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
lin
e
a
n
d
/o
r
at
th
e
b
u
s
es
an
d
b
r
ea
k
er
s
tatu
s
.
T
h
e
s
tate
esti
m
ato
r
u
s
es
th
e
s
e
d
ata
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
b
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
tate
v
ar
ia
b
les.
W
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
3
-
6
]
s
u
c
h
as
w
ei
g
h
ted
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
W
L
S),
w
ei
g
h
ted
lea
s
t a
v
er
ag
e
v
al
u
e
(
W
L
A
V)
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
tate
e
s
t
i
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
as
s
u
m
ed
to
h
a
v
e
n
o
ch
a
n
g
e
s
w
h
ile
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
is
av
ai
lab
le
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ield
till
it
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
th
e
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
s
tate
esti
m
atio
n
is
t
h
u
s
ca
lled
S
tatic
Stat
e
esti
m
atio
n
(
SS
E
)
[
7
]
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
u
e
to
ch
an
g
es
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
li
k
e
s
u
d
d
en
lo
ad
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
r
r
em
o
v
e
d
,
o
r
d
u
e
to
tr
an
s
ie
n
ts
a
n
d
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
S
SE
is
n
o
t
ab
le
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ical
s
y
s
te
m
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
s
lo
w
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
r
ates
o
f
SC
A
D
A
.
P
r
esen
tl
y
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
also
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
p
h
a
s
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
u
n
its
(
P
MU
s
)
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
m
u
c
h
f
ast
d
ata
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
r
ate
[
8
]
.
W
ith
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
an
d
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
a
v
aila
b
ilit
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
,
u
p
g
r
ad
in
g
t
h
e
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
.
T
h
i
s
is
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
u
e
to
n
e
w
s
et
o
f
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
ca
lled
as
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tate
esti
m
ato
r
(
DSE)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Dyn
a
mic
s
ta
te
esti
ma
tio
n
o
f m
u
lti
-
ma
ch
in
e
p
o
w
er sys
tem
w
it
h
UP
F
C
u
s
in
g
E
K
F
… (
Meera
R
.
K
a
r
a
mta
1
)
643
DSE
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
s
tate
v
ar
i
ab
les
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
r
o
to
r
an
g
le,
s
p
ee
d
o
r
g
en
er
ato
r
in
ter
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ar
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
C
las
s
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
DSE
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
is
d
o
n
e
i
n
to
Kal
m
a
n
f
ilter
-
b
ased
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
ar
tif
icial
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
tech
n
iq
u
es
as
s
ee
n
in
[
9
]
.
Kal
m
an
f
ilter
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
b
etter
i
n
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
w
h
en
a
w
h
i
te
Gau
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
m
o
d
el
i
s
as
s
u
m
ed
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
I
t
is
a
w
e
ll
-
k
n
o
wn
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
a
v
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
in
s
tate
es
ti
m
a
tio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
[
1
2
]
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
th
e
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
k
al
m
a
n
f
ilter
;
e
x
te
n
d
ed
k
al
m
an
f
ilter
(
E
KF)
i
s
u
s
ed
an
d
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
f
lex
ib
le
ac
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
F
AC
T
S)
d
ev
ices
ar
e
a
p
ar
t
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
ey
o
f
f
er
g
r
ea
ter
co
n
tr
o
llab
ilit
y
a
n
d
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
.
SS
E
w
it
h
UP
FC
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
6
-
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
th
e
DSE
is
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
a
m
u
l
ti
-
m
ac
h
in
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
th
u
n
i
f
ied
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
UP
FC
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
tate
esti
m
atio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
m
u
s
t
al
s
o
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
f
th
ese
d
ev
ice
s
f
o
r
a
p
r
o
p
e
r
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
in
ca
s
e
o
f
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
[
2
1
-
2
2
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
a
t
w
o
-
g
e
n
er
ato
r
m
u
lti
m
ac
h
in
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
UP
F
C
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
E
KF
is
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
s
.
Sectio
n
2
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
eli
n
g
.
Sectio
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
E
KF
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
DSE
an
d
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
3.
2.
E
S
T
I
M
AT
I
O
N
AL
G
O
R
T
I
H
M
:
E
XT
E
N
DE
D
K
A
L
M
AN
F
I
L
T
E
R
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
w
o
r
k
,
ex
ten
d
e
d
k
al
m
a
n
f
il
ter
is
u
s
ed
as
an
esti
m
ato
r
.
E
KF
u
ti
lizes
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t e
q
u
at
io
n
s
as sh
o
w
n
b
y
(
1
-
2
)
[
2
1
]
.
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
(
2
)
f
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
l
in
ea
r
r
elati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
at
c
u
r
r
en
t
ti
m
e
s
ta
m
p
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ti
m
e
in
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
h
,
r
elate
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
w
i
th
s
tate
v
ar
i
ab
les.
E
KF
p
r
ed
icts
th
e
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
t
h
e
co
v
a
r
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
u
s
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ti
m
e
i
n
s
tan
t
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
(
3
-
4
)
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t is a
v
ai
lab
le,
th
en
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
c
o
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
ar
e
u
p
d
ated
u
s
i
n
g
(
5
-
7
)
.
̂
(
̂
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
(
)
(
5
)
̂
̂
(
(
̂
)
)
(
6
)
(
)
(
7
)
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
m
at
r
ices
A
an
d
W
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
J
ac
o
b
ian
s
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
8
-
9
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t J
ac
o
b
ian
s
;
H
a
n
d
V
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
1
0
-
1
1
)
.
(
̂
)
(
8
)
(
̂
)
(
9
)
(
̂
)
(
1
0
)
(
̂
)
(
1
1
)
3.
DYNA
M
I
C
M
O
DE
L
O
F
M
UL
T
I
-
M
ACH
I
NE
SYS
T
E
M
WI
T
H
UP
F
C
As
s
h
o
w
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
a
tw
o
-
g
e
n
er
ato
r
test
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
3
-
2
4
]
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
UP
FC
is
u
s
ed
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
in
i
tial c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
as sh
o
w
n
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
4
2
-
64
6
644
T
ab
le
1
.
Data
f
o
r
test
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y
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te
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P
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5
p
.
u
Q
1
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p
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u
X
L1
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0
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3
3
p
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u
=
X
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X
SR
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1
p
.
u
=
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SH
G
3
-
jB
3
=
0
.
3
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0
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2
p
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4
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u
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a
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3
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a
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4
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a
d
X
t
1
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1
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.
u
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t2
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d
=
1
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2
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u
,
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d’
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1
1
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u
,
X
q
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p
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u
M
1
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2
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1
0
M
J/
M
V
A
,
D
=
1
.
2
f
=
6
0
H
z
C
las
s
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
s
[
2
5
]
is
ass
u
m
ed
in
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
h
e
n
ce
o
n
l
y
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
;
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
g
le,
δ
an
d
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
ω
.
T
h
e
class
ical
g
en
er
a
to
r
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as:
̇
(
1
2
)
̇
(
)
(
1
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
w
o
-
g
e
n
er
ato
r
test
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
UP
FC
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
d
u
e
to
UP
FC
is
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
ien
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
m
o
d
eled
as [
1
9
]
:
̇
[
]
[
]
(
1
4
)
ar
e
th
e
d
-
q
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t o
f
th
e
s
h
u
n
t c
u
r
r
en
t i
n
j
ec
ted
b
y
UP
F
C
an
d
ar
e
th
e
d
-
q
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
s
er
ie
s
cu
r
r
en
t i
n
j
ec
ted
b
y
UP
FC
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
E
KF
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
n
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
D
SE
i
s
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
er
tr
an
s
ien
t
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
a
u
lt
is
s
i
m
u
lated
o
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
b
u
s
-
3
an
d
b
u
s
-
4
at
t=3
s
ec
.
T
o
tal
4
g
en
er
ato
r
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
s
ar
e
esti
m
ated
.
T
h
e
s
tate
v
ec
to
r
[
x
=
=
]
.
]
.
Ge
n
er
ato
r
#
1
is
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
g
le.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
ted
b
y
g
en
er
ato
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
r
es
u
lts
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
A
th
r
ee
-
p
h
as
e
f
au
lt
c
au
s
e
s
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
t
o
f
ai
l
an
d
h
en
c
e
el
ec
tr
i
ca
l
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
ie
d
t
o
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
ed
u
c
es.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ic
al
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
t
o
th
e
g
en
e
r
a
to
r
s
r
em
ain
co
n
s
t
an
t
an
d
th
u
s
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
an
g
le
an
d
s
p
e
e
d
in
cr
e
ases
.
A
s
s
ee
n
b
y
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
UP
FC
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
h
e
n
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
s
to
UP
FC
ar
e
al
s
o
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
co
n
s
tan
t
as
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
t
is
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
also
s
ee
n
to
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
a
s
th
er
e
is
les
s
u
tili
za
t
io
n
.
h
ere
,
=
2
2
sin
,
=
2
2
co
s
,
=
2
2
si
n
,
=
2
2
co
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Dyn
a
mic
s
ta
te
esti
ma
tio
n
o
f m
u
lti
-
ma
ch
in
e
p
o
w
er sys
tem
w
it
h
UP
F
C
u
s
in
g
E
K
F
… (
Meera
R
.
K
a
r
a
mta
1
)
645
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
o
to
r
an
g
le
esti
m
at
i
o
n
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sp
ee
d
o
f
g
en
er
ato
r
,
a)
s
p
ee
d
o
f
g
en
er
ato
r
1
b
)
s
p
ee
d
o
f
g
en
er
ato
r
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
DC
lin
k
Vo
lta
g
e
o
f
UP
FC
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
UP
FC
d
e
v
ice
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
m
u
lti
-
m
ac
h
in
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
.
A
t
w
o
-
g
e
n
er
ato
r
test
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
E
KF
al
g
o
r
ith
m
as
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tate
esti
m
ato
r
.
DSE
i
s
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
er
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lt
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
D
C
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
UP
FC
i
s
s
ee
n
a
s
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
ta
te
v
ar
iab
le.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
o
o
d
A
.
J,
W
o
ll
e
n
b
e
rg
B
.
F
,
S
h
e
b
lé G
B.
, “
P
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,”
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
G
o
m
e
z
-
Ex
p
o
sito
A
.
,
A
b
u
r
A
.
, “
P
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
sta
te es
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
:
t
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,”
CRC p
r
e
ss
,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
]
M
o
n
t
ice
ll
i
A
.
,
“
S
tate
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
in
e
lec
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s:
a
g
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,”
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
A
.
A
b
u
r
a
n
d
M
.
K.
Ce
li
k
,
“
A
fa
st
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
th
e
w
e
ig
h
ted
lea
st
a
b
so
lu
te
v
a
lu
e
sta
te
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
(f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s),
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
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5
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7
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8
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In
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2
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R,
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[2
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,
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tc.
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m
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s
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DC
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“
A
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s”
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IEE
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IET
In
tern
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ti
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b
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is
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b
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o
f
IS
T
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a
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d
m
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m
b
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r
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f
IEE
E.
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