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11
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SP
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in
g
o
n
th
e
to
tal
o
f
f
au
lts
id
en
tifie
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ex
ec
u
ted
test
ca
s
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
s
tr
in
g
-
b
ased
,
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
-
b
a
s
ed
,
f
au
lt
-
b
ased
,
co
v
er
ag
e
-
b
ased
,
a
n
d
h
is
to
r
y
-
b
ased
.
E
ac
h
t
y
p
e
h
as
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
i
n
p
r
io
r
iti
zin
g
t
h
e
tes
t
ca
s
e
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
i
s
tan
ce
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
i
th
in
s
tr
i
n
g
-
b
ased
p
r
io
r
itizat
io
n
.
W
e
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
ea
r
l
y
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate.
Fo
u
r
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
o
s
e
ar
e
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
,
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
,
C
o
u
n
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
an
d
So
r
en
s
en
-
Dice
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
w
e
u
s
ed
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
s
i
s
t
h
at
it
h
a
s
h
ig
h
er
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate
an
d
h
ig
h
er
f
ea
tu
r
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
[
6
]
.
Ou
r
p
o
r
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
ar
e
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t o
f
t
h
ese
f
o
u
r
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
,
w
e
u
s
ed
th
e
s
et
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
s
a
n
d
f
au
lt
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
Al
-
Haj
j
aj
i
et
al.
[
7
]
.
Fau
lt
m
e
tr
ic
is
th
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
au
l
t
f
o
u
n
d
in
ea
c
h
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
a
v
alid
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
.
E
ac
h
o
f
t
h
ese
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
s
t
h
e
n
ar
e
p
r
io
r
i
tized
w
it
h
f
i
v
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
l
ated
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
io
r
itize
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
w
e
ca
lcu
la
te
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
f
au
l
t
s
d
etec
ted
.
2.
SI
M
I
L
ARI
T
Y
DI
ST
ANC
E
S
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
ze
s
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
in
a
p
o
s
it
io
n
t
h
at
s
tr
iv
e
s
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
s
o
m
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
.
He
m
m
ati
et
a
l
.
[
6
]
an
d
Hen
ar
d
et
a
l
.
[
8
]
u
s
ed
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
to
m
a
x
i
m
iz
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
a
m
o
n
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
y
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
m
e
th
o
d
s
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
a
s
u
b
s
et
t
h
at
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le,
th
at
p
o
s
s
ess
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ate
o
f
f
au
l
t
d
etec
tio
n
.
R
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
t
h
o
s
e
p
ap
er
s
ad
v
o
ca
ted
th
a
t
h
i
g
h
f
a
u
lt
d
et
ec
tio
n
r
ate
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
r
ath
er
th
a
n
s
i
m
ilar
o
n
e
s
.
T
h
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
e
ar
lier
o
n
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
co
v
er
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
t
h
an
th
e
late
s
t.
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
th
at
w
e
u
s
ed
.
2
.
1
.
J
a
cc
a
rd
Dis
t
a
nce
T
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
Dis
tan
ce
is
also
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
J
ac
ca
r
d
s
im
ilar
it
y
co
e
f
f
icien
t.
I
n
s
tatis
t
ic,
it
is
u
s
ed
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
s
ets
th
a
t in
v
o
lv
e
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
an
d
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
.
T
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
m
o
d
el
is
a
s
i
m
ilar
m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
ased
o
n
co
m
m
o
n
w
o
r
d
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
u
s
ed
th
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
th
at
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
Hen
ar
d
et
al.
[
8
]
.
T
h
ey
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
d
as
a
d
is
ta
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ci
a
n
d
cj
,
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
.
T
h
e
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
cj
ci
cj
ci
cj
ci
d
1
)
,
(
(
1
)
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
is
b
et
w
ee
n
0
a
n
d
1
.
Sp
ec
if
icall
y
,
t
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
to
tall
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
i
f
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
i
s
eq
u
al
to
1
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
a
d
is
tan
ce
w
h
i
ch
t
h
e
v
alu
e
is
0
s
p
ec
if
ies
b
o
t
h
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
ar
e
s
a
m
e
.
I
t
a
tte
m
p
t
s
to
f
i
n
d
s
i
m
ilar
m
e
m
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
c
h
o
s
en
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
d
iv
id
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
to
ta
l
m
e
m
b
er
s
t
h
at
ar
e
n
o
t s
i
m
ilar
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
.
2
.
2
.
H
a
m
m
i
ng
Dis
t
a
nce
Gen
er
all
y
,
Ha
m
m
in
g
Dis
tan
c
e
is
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
t
wo
-
b
in
ar
y
s
tr
i
n
g
.
I
t
u
s
ed
to
d
en
o
te
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
u
s
ed
th
e
d
ef
i
n
it
io
n
o
f
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
Di
s
ta
n
ce
b
y
A
l
-
Haj
j
aj
i
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
.
T
h
ey
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
wee
n
th
e
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
a
s
b
elo
w
:
F
cj
F
ci
F
cj
ci
F
cj
ci
d
1
)
,
,
(
(
2
)
A
b
o
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
d
ef
i
n
e
as
ci
an
d
cj
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
g
iv
e
n
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
t
h
at
r
elati
v
e
to
th
e
s
et
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es
F
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
d
is
t
an
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
0
an
d
1
.
T
h
e
clo
s
er
th
e
v
alu
e
to
0
,
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
t
h
e
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
to
tall
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
a
n
o
th
er
if
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
is
eq
u
a
l to
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
9
4
–
1
2
0
3
1196
2
.
3
.
Co
un
t
ing
F
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
C
o
u
n
ti
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
w
o
s
et
s
o
f
tr
a
n
s
it
io
n
s
.
I
t
is
t
h
e
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
m
et
h
o
d
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
w
o
r
eu
s
ed
s
ets.
He
m
m
ati
et
al.
[
6
]
,
d
ef
in
e
th
e
co
u
n
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
s
C
n
t
(
ci,
cj
)
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
i
n
ci
a
n
d
cj
,
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
i
n
ci
an
d
cj
.
2
1
)
,
(
cj
ci
cj
ci
cj
ci
d
(
3
)
T
h
e
ci
an
d
cj
ar
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
r
ef
er
to
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
v
al
u
es
a
m
o
n
g
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
b
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
n
u
m
b
er
0
a
n
d
1
.
T
h
e
clo
s
er
th
e
v
al
u
e
to
0
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
t
h
e
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
to
tall
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t f
r
o
m
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
if
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
is
eq
u
al
to
1
.
2
.
4
.
So
re
ns
en
Dice
T
h
e
Sø
r
en
s
en
-
Dice
in
d
e
x
i
s
a
s
i
m
p
le
w
a
y
to
ca
lcu
late
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
o
f
t
wo
s
tr
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
also
ar
e
b
o
u
n
d
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
s
tr
in
g
s
t
h
e
to
tal
o
f
s
a
m
e
c
h
ar
a
cter
p
air
s
.
I
t
is
b
en
e
f
icial
f
o
r
ec
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
d
ata
w
h
er
e
j
u
s
tif
icat
io
n
f
o
r
its
u
s
e
is
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
e
m
p
ir
ical
r
ath
er
th
a
n
t
h
eo
r
etica
l.
T
h
e
So
r
en
s
e
n
Dice
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as b
elo
w
:
cj
ci
cj
ci
cj
ci
d
2
1
)
,
(
(
4
)
T
h
e
ci
an
d
cj
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
I
t
atte
m
p
ts
to
f
in
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
d
iv
id
e
it b
y
th
e
to
tal
m
e
m
b
er
s
th
at
e
x
is
t b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
ch
o
s
e
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
3.
SI
M
I
L
ARI
T
Y
DI
ST
ANC
E
S
E
NH
ANC
E
M
E
NT
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
(
FM)
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
i
n
SP
L
.
3
.
1
.
F
e
a
t
ure
M
o
de
l N
o
t
a
t
io
n
s
I
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
a
f
e
atu
r
e
m
o
d
el
is
a
s
o
lid
p
o
tr
a
y
al
o
f
e
n
tire
p
r
o
d
u
cts
f
r
o
m
th
e
S
P
L
in
ter
m
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
D
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
li
n
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
a
s
in
p
u
t
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
o
th
er
ass
et
s
.
T
h
ese
ass
et
s
ar
e
th
e
d
es
cr
ip
tio
n
o
f
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
,
o
r
p
ar
ts
o
f
co
d
e.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
a
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
is
ca
lled
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
[
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Featu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
lin
e
Mo
b
ileP
h
o
n
e
[
7
]
Featu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
i
b
ed
as
a
tr
ee
w
h
er
e
o
th
er
s
th
a
n
r
o
o
t
f
ea
tu
r
e,
ea
ch
f
ea
tu
r
e
h
a
s
a
p
ar
en
t
f
ea
t
u
r
e.
On
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
f
ea
t
u
r
e,
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
ter
m
in
a
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Featu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
’
s
n
o
tatio
n
i
s
th
e
r
u
les
w
h
en
s
elec
ti
n
g
f
ea
t
u
r
es to
d
er
iv
e
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
ty
p
e
s
o
f
n
o
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
o
s
e
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
et
wee
n
ch
ild
f
ea
t
u
r
es o
r
s
u
b
-
f
ea
t
u
r
es
w
it
h
t
h
eir
p
ar
en
t f
ea
t
u
r
e.
T
h
o
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e:
1.
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
: C
h
ild
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
2.
Op
tio
n
al:
C
h
ild
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
o
p
ti
o
n
al
3.
Or
: A
t le
a
s
t o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
-
f
ea
tu
r
es
m
u
s
t b
e
s
elec
ted
4.
A
lter
n
ati
v
e:
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
-
f
e
atu
r
es
m
u
s
t b
e
s
elec
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
S
imila
r
ity
Dis
ta
n
ce
s
Usi
n
g
Ma
n
d
a
to
r
y
a
n
d
Op
ti
o
n
a
l fo
r
E
a
r
ly.
.
.
(
S
a
fw
a
n
A
b
d
R
a
z
a
k
)
1197
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
eith
er
ab
s
tr
a
ct
o
r
co
n
cr
ete.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
co
n
cr
ete
if
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
ar
tif
ac
t
s
ar
e
m
ap
p
ed
to
a
f
ea
tu
r
e,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
C
a
lls
f
ea
tu
r
e.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
a
t,
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
ab
s
tr
ac
t,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
Mo
b
ileP
h
o
n
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
.
On
to
p
o
f
th
at,
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
th
er
e
ar
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
w
it
h
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
C
r
o
s
s
-
tr
ee
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le.
Mo
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
u
s
ed
o
f
cr
o
s
s
-
tr
ee
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e:
1.
A
r
eq
u
ir
es
B
:
I
n
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
A
s
u
g
g
est
s
t
h
e
s
e
lectio
n
o
f
B
.
E
x
a
m
p
le,
th
e
C
a
mera
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
i
n
a
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
e
Hig
h
R
eso
lu
tio
n
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
.
2.
A
ex
clu
d
es
B
:
I
n
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
A
an
d
B
m
u
s
t
n
o
t
b
e
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
ar
t.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
s
a
m
e
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
ca
n
n
o
t s
u
p
p
o
r
t b
o
th
GP
S
an
d
B
a
s
ic
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
3.
B
y
u
s
in
g
lo
g
ical
o
p
er
ato
r
s
↔,
∧
,
¬,
→,
an
d
∨
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
al
f
o
r
m
u
las.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
i
t
y
-
b
ased
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
w
ill
b
e
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ca
lled
as c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
E
nh
a
nced
Si
m
i
la
rit
y
Dis
t
a
nces
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el
n
o
tatio
n
s
i
n
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fo
r
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
,
we
o
n
l
y
s
elec
ted
t
w
o
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
n
o
tatio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
a
n
d
o
p
tio
n
al.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el,
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
a
n
d
o
p
tio
n
al
a
r
e
th
e
cr
u
cial
n
o
tatio
n
s
o
n
e
v
er
y
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el.
I
t
is
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
f
o
r
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
els
to
h
av
e
b
o
th
n
o
tatio
n
s
.
W
ith
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
,
t
h
e
Or
an
d
A
lter
n
at
iv
e
n
o
tatio
n
s
c
an
n
o
t b
e
u
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ov
er
v
ie
w
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
w
e
w
a
n
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
a
n
d
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
f
r
o
m
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
in
s
id
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
o
n
l
y
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
ed
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
th
at
w
e
h
a
v
e
tr
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
i
s
tan
ce
s
li
s
te
d
in
Sectio
n
2
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
s
d
o
n
e
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
M
o
difica
t
io
n 1
:
Addi
t
io
n o
f
M
a
nd
a
t
o
ry
W
e
m
o
d
i
f
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
o
n
e
v
ar
iab
le
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tatio
n
i
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
n
o
tatio
n
f
o
r
all
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
t
h
at
it
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e(
s
)
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
E
v
en
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tati
o
n
ca
n
n
o
t
s
u
r
p
ass
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
s
in
ce
w
it
h
o
u
t
th
e
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
,
th
er
e
w
ill
b
e
n
o
p
r
o
d
u
ct
e
x
is
t
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
ad
d
in
g
t
h
e
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tatio
n
i
n
to
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
th
at
w
e
w
a
n
t
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
ch
a
n
ce
s
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
th
at
e
m
b
ed
th
e
s
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
to
b
e
s
ele
cted
f
ir
s
t.
I
f
t
h
er
e
an
y
f
a
u
lt
in
it,
t
h
e
te
s
ter
ca
n
d
etec
t
m
u
c
h
f
aster
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
i
t
w
il
l
b
e
a
th
r
ea
t
to
w
ar
d
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
if
th
e
te
s
ter
m
i
s
s
ed
s
o
m
e
f
a
u
lt
s
th
at
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
w
it
h
m
an
d
ato
r
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
w
i
th
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
v
ar
iab
le
as
:
(
)
∩
∪
W
h
er
e
m
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
.
I
f
t
h
e
r
e
ar
e
t
w
o
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tatio
n
s
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
m
is
2
.
T
h
ese
d
is
tan
ce
s
ar
e
n
a
m
ed
as
A
d
d
itio
n
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
(
A
HM
)
,
A
d
d
itio
n
J
ac
ca
r
d
Ma
n
d
a
to
r
y
(
A
J
M)
,
A
d
d
itio
n
C
o
u
n
ti
n
g
F
u
n
ct
io
n
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
(
AC
FM)
,
an
d
A
d
d
itio
n
So
r
en
s
en
-
DI
ce
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
(
A
SDM)
.
M
o
difica
t
io
n 2
:
Addi
t
io
n o
f
O
ptio
na
l
W
e
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
b
y
ad
d
in
g
o
n
e
v
ar
i
ab
le
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
.
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
tatio
n
th
a
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
v
ar
ia
b
le
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
f
ea
t
u
r
es
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
r
ess
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
I
n
h
er
e
n
tl
y
,
r
eu
s
ab
l
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
n
tai
n
s
m
o
r
e
v
ar
i
ab
ilit
y
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
o
n
l
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
9
4
–
1
2
0
3
1198
o
p
tio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e.
T
h
is
d
u
e
to
th
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
w
ill
b
e
r
e
u
s
ab
le
l
ater
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
w
p
r
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d
u
ct.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
ch
a
n
ce
s
al
s
o
th
at
t
h
is
o
p
tio
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al
f
ea
t
u
r
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w
ill
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ec
o
m
e
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
in
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
w
is
e
f
o
r
th
e
test
er
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
f
au
lt
ea
r
lier
b
ef
o
r
e
it
s
p
r
ea
d
o
u
t
w
h
en
r
elea
s
in
g
n
e
w
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
c
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
Op
tio
n
al
v
ar
iab
le
as
(
)
(
∩
)
∪
W
h
er
e
o
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Op
t
io
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
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e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
.
I
f
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
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tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
in
s
id
e
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
o
is
2
.
T
h
ese
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
ar
e
n
a
m
ed
as
A
d
d
i
tio
n
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
Op
tio
n
al
(
A
HO)
,
A
d
d
itio
n
J
ac
ca
r
d
Op
tio
n
al
(
A
J
O)
,
A
d
d
i
tio
n
C
o
u
n
ti
n
g
F
u
n
ct
io
n
Op
ti
o
n
al
(
A
C
FO)
,
a
n
d
A
d
d
itio
n
So
r
en
s
e
n
-
DI
ce
Op
tio
n
al
(
A
SDO)
.
M
o
difica
t
io
n 3
:
Addi
t
io
n o
f
M
a
nd
a
t
o
ry
a
nd
O
ptio
na
l
W
e
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
i
s
t
an
ce
b
y
ad
d
in
g
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
le
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
t
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
a
n
d
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
lin
e
is
ab
o
u
t
co
m
m
o
n
alit
y
a
n
d
v
ar
i
ab
ilit
y
.
Featu
r
e
s
th
at
d
escr
ib
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
s
o
f
v
alid
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
d
o
n
o
t
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
en
o
u
g
h
d
etail
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
ad
d
in
g
b
o
th
n
o
t
atio
n
s
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
an
d
Op
tio
n
al
v
ar
ia
b
les as
(
)
(
∩
)
∪
W
h
er
e
o
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
m
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tat
io
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
.
I
f
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
n
o
tatio
n
s
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
m
is
2
.
Sa
m
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
Op
ti
o
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
d
is
tan
c
es
ar
e
n
a
m
ed
as
A
d
d
itio
n
H
a
m
m
in
g
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
Op
tio
n
al
(
A
HM
O)
,
A
d
d
itio
n
J
ac
ca
r
d
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
Op
tio
n
al
(
A
J
MO
)
,
A
d
d
itio
n
C
o
u
n
t
in
g
F
u
n
ct
io
n
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
Op
tio
n
al
(
AC
FM
O)
,
an
d
A
d
d
i
tio
n
So
r
en
s
e
n
-
DI
ce
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
Op
tio
n
al
(
A
SD
MO
)
.
M
o
difica
t
io
n 4
:
Su
btr
a
ct
io
n o
f
O
ptio
na
l
W
e
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
b
y
s
u
b
tr
ac
ti
n
g
o
n
e
v
a
r
iab
le
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
Op
tio
n
a
l
n
o
tatio
n
.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
w
i
th
th
e
s
u
b
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
Op
tio
n
al
v
ar
iab
le
as
(
)
(
∩
)
∪
W
h
er
e
o
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Op
t
io
n
a
l
n
o
tatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
.
I
f
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
in
s
id
e
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
o
is
2
.
T
h
ese
d
is
tan
ce
s
ar
e
n
a
m
ed
a
s
Su
b
tr
ac
t
Ha
m
m
in
g
Op
tio
n
al
(
SHO)
,
Su
b
tr
ac
t
J
a
cc
ar
d
Op
tio
n
al
(
SJ
O)
,
Su
b
tr
ac
t
C
o
u
n
t
in
g
Fu
n
ctio
n
Op
tio
n
al
(
SC
FO)
,
an
d
Su
b
tr
ac
t So
r
en
s
e
n
-
DI
ce
Op
tio
n
al
(
SS
DO)
.
4.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
SE
T
UP
Ou
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
is
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
-
b
ased
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
.
Ou
r
ai
m
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
lin
es
u
n
d
er
test
is
to
d
etec
t
m
o
r
e
f
a
u
lt
s
w
it
h
in
a
s
h
o
r
t ti
m
e.
4
.
1.
G
ener
a
t
e
Co
nfig
ura
t
io
n
s
I
n
SP
L
,
to
g
e
n
er
ate
a
s
et
o
f
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
e
l
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
W
e
u
s
ed
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
g
e
n
er
ated
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
Mo
b
ileP
h
o
n
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
lin
e
w
h
ic
h
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
Al
-
Haj
j
aj
i
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
.
Featu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
g
r
ap
h
ica
ll
y
.
E
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
w
h
ich
is
f
o
r
Mo
b
ileP
h
o
n
e
.
Featu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
s
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
li
m
i
t t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
li
n
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
d
u
e
to
n
o
t a
ll c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
s
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es a
r
e
v
alid
.
C
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
th
at
v
alid
is
ca
lled
as c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
i
o
n
[
7
].
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
p
air
w
i
s
e
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
with
I
C
P
L
[
1
3
]
,
n
in
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
in
s
id
e
T
ab
le
1
ar
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
f
r
o
m
Mo
b
ileP
h
o
n
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
o
r
d
er
ed
lis
t o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
i
s
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
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n
h
a
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1199
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le
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Mo
b
ileP
h
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C
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f
ig
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s
[
7
]
ID
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
C1
C
a
l
l
s Scre
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C
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C2
C
a
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s G
P
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M
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3
C3
C
a
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e
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H
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g
h
R
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so
l
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t
i
o
n
M
e
d
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a
C
a
me
r
a
C4
C
a
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s Scre
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B
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C5
C
a
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a
l
l
s G
P
S
S
c
r
e
e
n
H
i
g
h
R
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
M
e
d
i
a
C
a
me
r
a
C8
C
a
l
l
s Scre
e
n
B
a
s
i
c
M
e
d
i
a
M
P
3
C9
C
a
l
l
s G
P
S
S
c
r
e
e
n
H
i
g
h
R
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
4
.
2
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
Si
m
i
la
rit
y
Dis
t
a
nce
Nex
t
s
tep
is
to
ap
p
l
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
tan
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
ab
le
1
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
p
ar
t
to
o
b
tain
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
A
ll
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
in
s
id
e
T
ab
le
1
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
ated
d
is
tan
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
late
d
d
is
tan
ce
s
a
m
o
n
g
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
u
e
to
t
h
ese
v
al
u
es
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
io
r
itiza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Gen
er
ated
D
is
tan
ce
s
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
C
5
C
6
C
7
C
8
C
9
C1
0
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
6
C2
0
.
7
1
4
0
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
3
3
3
C3
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
4
2
9
0
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
6
2
5
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
5
C4
0
.
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
6
6
7
0
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
4
0
.
6
C5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
7
1
4
0
0
.
5
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
C6
0
.
5
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
6
2
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
C7
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
3
3
3
C8
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
4
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
0
0
.
7
1
4
C9
0
.
6
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
7
1
4
0
4
.
3
.
P
rio
ri
t
ized
Co
nfig
ura
t
io
ns
Af
ter
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
,
w
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
ar
r
an
g
e
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
o
d
o
th
at,
w
e
n
ee
d
to
tr
ac
e
a
t
ab
le
o
f
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
r
o
w
b
y
r
o
w
,
to
f
i
n
d
w
h
ic
h
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
t
h
at
w
ill
b
e
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
p
r
i
o
r
itized
lis
t.
W
e
u
s
ed
f
i
v
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
in
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
A
ll
-
Ye
s
-
C
o
n
f
i
g
(
AYC),
L
o
ca
l
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
Di
s
ta
n
ce
(
L
MD
)
,
Glo
b
al
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
Dis
ta
n
ce
(
GM
D)
,
Far
th
est
-
f
ir
s
t
Or
d
er
ed
Seq
u
e
n
ce
s
(
FOS),
a
n
d
Gr
ee
d
-
aid
ed
Or
d
er
ed
Seq
u
en
ce
s
(
GOS)
.
W
e
u
s
ed
T
ab
le
2
as
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
tr
ac
e
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e.
T
ab
le
3
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
G
OS
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
w
ar
d
th
e
r
es
u
lt
f
r
o
m
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
.
B
y
r
ef
er
r
in
g
t
h
e
GO
S
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
th
a
t
n
e
ed
to
b
e
p
u
t
in
to
p
r
io
r
itized
lis
t
P
,
is
th
e
o
n
e
t
h
at
in
h
er
i
t
m
in
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e.
T
h
u
s
,
C
4
w
ill
b
e
ad
d
f
ir
s
t
b
ec
au
s
e
i
t
h
as
s
m
a
lles
t
v
a
lu
e
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
o
th
er
r
o
w
s
.
Nex
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
w
ill
b
e
th
e
C
1
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
is
tan
ce
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
P
is
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
C
4
an
d
C
1
.
No
w
,
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
th
a
t e
x
i
s
t i
n
p
r
io
r
itized
lis
t a
r
e
P
=
{C4
,
C
1
}.
T
ab
le
3
.
J
ac
ca
r
d
Dis
t
an
ce
w
it
h
GOS
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
C
5
C
6
C
7
C
8
C
9
C1
0
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
6
C2
0
.
7
1
4
0
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
3
3
3
C3
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
4
2
9
0
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
6
2
5
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
5
C4
0
.
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
6
6
7
0
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
4
0
.
6
C5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
7
1
4
0
0
.
5
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
C6
0
.
5
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
6
2
5
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
C7
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
7
1
4
0
.
2
8
6
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
3
3
3
C8
0
.
6
6
7
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
4
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
5
7
1
0
0
.
7
1
4
C9
0
.
6
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
5
7
1
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
7
1
4
0
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
GO
S a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
n
ex
t c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
t
h
at
w
i
l
l b
e
ch
o
s
e
n
i
s
t
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e.
W
e
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
in
ca
s
e
s
a
m
e
d
is
tan
ce
v
al
u
e
i
s
p
o
s
s
ess
b
y
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
C2
(
b
o
ld
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
q
u
ar
e)
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
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-
4752
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n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
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n
g
&
C
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Sci,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
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4
–
1
2
0
3
1200
ad
d
ed
f
ir
s
t a
s
th
e
th
ir
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
in
s
id
e
P
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
C5
an
d
C7
.
No
w
,
t
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
t
h
at
r
e
m
a
in
i
n
a
s
et
C
ar
e
C
=
{C
3
,
C
6
,
C
8
,
C
9
}
.
R
ep
ea
t
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
n
til
th
e
C
is
e
m
p
t
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
n
e
w
o
r
d
er
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
test
ed
is
P
= {
C
4
,
C
1
,
C
2
,
C
5
,
C
7
,
C
3
,
C
8
,
C
9
,
C
6
}
.
4
.
4
.
Ca
lcula
t
e
A
v
er
a
g
e
P
er
ce
nta
g
e
F
a
ults De
t
ec
t
ed
(
AP
F
D)
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
e
v
alu
atio
n
w
i
th
in
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tr
in
g
d
is
tan
ce
s
a
n
d
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
i
n
th
e
SP
L
u
n
d
er
tes
t
to
d
etec
t
f
au
lts
.
Ge
n
er
ated
f
au
lts
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
u
s
ed
t
h
e
f
au
l
ts
t
h
at
alr
ea
d
y
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
Al
-
Haj
j
aj
i
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
.
T
ab
le
4
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
s
ix
f
au
lts
t
h
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
b
y
A
l
-
Haj
j
a
j
i
et
al.
[
7
]
.
L
a
s
tl
y
,
A
P
FD
m
etr
ic
u
s
ed
to
ap
p
r
aise
h
o
w
q
u
ic
k
f
a
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
etec
ted
d
u
r
in
g
test
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
A
P
FD
m
etr
ic
co
m
p
u
te
s
th
e
av
er
ag
e
w
ei
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
f
au
lts
d
etec
ted
w
h
ile
ex
ec
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
te
s
t
s
u
ite.
A
P
FD
i
llu
s
tr
ate
as
t
h
e
T
a
s
th
e
test
s
u
ite
w
h
ich
co
n
tai
n
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
an
d
F
is
a
s
et
o
f
m
f
au
lts
ex
p
o
s
ed
b
y
T.
Ma
k
e
TF
i
ex
is
t
a
s
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
test
ca
s
e
i
n
T’
o
f
T
o
r
d
er
w
h
ich
ex
p
o
s
e
s
th
e
f
au
lt
i.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
A
P
FD
is
g
iv
e
n
as
:
T
ab
le
4
.
Fau
lt M
atr
ix
[
7
]
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
F
a
u
l
t
s
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
C1
X
X
C2
X
X
C3
X
X
X
C4
X
X
X
X
C5
X
X
X
C6
X
C7
X
C8
X
X
C9
n
m
n
T
F
n
TF
TF
A
P
F
D
2
1
...
2
1
1
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tep
is
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
A
P
FD
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
w
o
r
d
er
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
5
is
cr
e
ated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
a
u
l
t
m
etr
ic
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
5
co
n
tain
s
n
e
w
f
au
lts
p
o
s
itio
n
s
a
f
ter
w
e
p
r
io
r
itized
t
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
r
esu
lt
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
GOS
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
AP
FD,
T
ab
le
5
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
i
s
b
et
w
ee
n
0
to
1
.
Hig
h
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
itized
test
s
u
i
te
h
a
s
f
aste
r
f
au
l
t
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate
s
t
h
an
th
o
s
e
w
ith
lo
w
A
P
FD
v
alu
e
s
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
A
P
FD s
h
o
w
n
a
s
:
T
ab
le
5
.
New
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
Or
d
er
w
ith
Fau
l
t M
atr
ix
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
F
a
u
l
t
s
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
C4
X
X
X
X
C1
X
C2
X
X
C5
X
X
X
C7
X
C3
X
X
X
C8
X
X
C9
C6
X
9
2
1
6
9
1
6
4
1
1
1
1
A
P
F
D
=
0
.
7
9
6
T
h
e
TF1
is
eq
u
al
to
1
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
a
u
lt
t
h
at
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
lu
m
n
o
f
tab
l
e
is
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
w
o
f
th
e
tab
le.
TF
is
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
th
a
t
f
i
r
s
t
to
e
m
er
g
e.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
1
b
e
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
f
a
u
lt
th
at
w
e
e
n
co
u
n
ter
f
ir
s
t
is
lo
ca
t
ed
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
w
.
Ne
x
t,
w
e
l
o
o
k
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
lu
m
n
,
w
h
ich
is
F2
.
A
t
w
h
ic
h
r
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
a
u
lt,
e
m
er
g
e.
Ag
ain
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
f
a
u
lt
w
e
e
n
c
o
u
n
ter
is
a
t
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
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I
t
g
o
es
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
a
s
f
o
r
F4
an
d
F6
.
Fo
r
th
e
F4
co
lu
m
n
,
th
e
TF4
i
s
eq
u
a
l
to
4
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
a
u
lt
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
s
at
t
h
e
r
o
w
f
o
u
r
.
Sa
m
e
co
n
ce
p
t a
ls
o
w
it
h
t
h
e
F
5
.
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1201
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
A
P
FD
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
w
it
h
f
i
v
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
s
i
m
ila
r
it
y
SHO
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
A
P
FD
v
alu
e
w
h
ic
h
is
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
GM
D.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
’
s
v
al
u
es
b
et
w
ee
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
f
r
o
m
0
u
n
til
1
.
T
h
e
clo
s
er
th
e
v
alu
e
to
0
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
th
e
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
f
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
is
eq
u
al
to
1
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
b
o
th
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
to
tall
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
also
ar
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
SHO,
w
h
ich
is
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
b
y
u
s
in
g
L
M
D
a
n
d
GO
S.
B
y
u
s
in
g
SHO
w
it
h
o
th
er
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
al
s
o
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
in
o
v
er
all,
t
h
e
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e
s
ar
e
s
till
h
i
g
h
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t c
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
Ha
m
m
in
g
o
r
ig
i
n
al
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
m
o
d
if
ied
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
6
.
Ham
m
i
n
g
D
i
s
ta
n
ce
AP
FD
A
Y
C
L
M
D
G
M
D
F
O
S
G
O
S
H
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
7
8
0
.
6
1
1
0
.
7
9
6
A
H
M
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
7
8
0
.
6
1
1
0
.
7
9
6
A
H
O
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
7
0
3
7
0
4
0
.
7
0
3
7
0
4
0
.
6
4
8
1
4
8
0
.
7
7
7
7
7
8
A
H
M
O
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
0
4
0
.
6
1
1
0
.
7
7
8
S
H
O
0
.
7
9
6
2
9
6
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
3
0
.
7
9
6
2
9
6
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
T
ab
le
7
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
SJ
O
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
v
a
lu
e
i
s
s
h
ar
e
d
b
et
w
ee
n
GM
D
an
d
FOS.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
ig
h
e
s
t
v
a
lu
e
also
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
SJ
O
w
it
h
L
MD
an
d
GOS.
B
y
u
s
in
g
S
HO
w
it
h
o
th
er
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
al
s
o
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
i
n
o
v
er
all,
th
e
A
P
FD
v
al
u
es
ar
e
s
till
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
r
ig
i
n
al
J
ac
ca
r
d
an
d
o
th
er
s
m
o
d
if
ied
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
7
.
J
ac
ca
r
d
D
is
tan
ce
A
P
FD
A
Y
C
L
M
D
G
M
D
F
O
S
G
O
S
Jac
c
a
r
d
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
4
1
0
.
7
9
6
A
JM
0
.
7
7
8
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
2
2
0
.
6
1
1
0
.
7
9
6
A
JO
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
7
0
3
7
0
4
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
7
4
0
7
4
1
0
.
6
6
6
6
6
7
A
JM
O
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
0
4
0
.
6
3
0
.
6
8
5
0
.
7
7
8
S
JO
0
.
7
9
6
2
9
6
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
3
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
3
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
T
ab
le
8
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
s
i
m
il
ar
it
y
SS
D
O
d
o
m
in
ate
s
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e
w
h
ich
i
s
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
FO
S.
T
h
e
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e
s
h
o
w
n
d
r
asti
c
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
h
e
n
u
s
in
g
S
HO
w
i
th
GM
D.
Sti
ll,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
L
M
D
a
n
d
GOS,
SS
D
O
m
a
in
ta
in
ed
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
A
P
FD
v
alu
e.
O
v
er
all,
th
e
A
P
FD
v
a
l
u
es
b
y
u
s
in
g
SS
D
O
ar
e
s
til
l
h
ig
h
a
n
d
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t c
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
r
ig
i
n
al
So
r
en
s
e
n
-
Dice
an
d
o
th
er
m
o
d
if
ied
So
r
en
s
en
-
D
ice
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
8
.
So
r
en
s
en
Dice
A
P
FD
A
Y
C
L
M
D
G
M
D
F
O
S
G
O
S
S
o
r
e
-
D
i
c
e
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
6
8
5
0
.
6
3
0
.
7
9
6
A
S
D
M
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
6
8
5
0
.
6
3
0
.
7
9
6
A
S
D
O
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
7
0
3
7
0
4
0
.
6
4
8
1
4
8
0
.
7
4
0
7
4
1
0
.
6
6
6
6
6
7
A
S
D
M
O
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
0
4
0
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6
3
0
.
7
4
1
0
.
7
7
8
S
S
D
O
0
.
7
9
6
2
9
6
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
3
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
T
ab
le
9
.
C
n
t.
Fu
n
tio
n
A
P
FD
A
Y
C
L
M
D
G
M
D
F
O
S
G
O
S
C
n
t
.
F
u
n
c
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
6
8
5
0
.
6
3
0
.
7
9
6
A
C
F
M
0
.
7
7
8
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
2
2
0.
6
1
1
0
.
7
9
6
A
C
F
O
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
7
0
3
7
0
4
0
.
6
6
6
6
6
7
0
.
7
4
0
7
4
1
0
.
6
6
6
6
6
7
A
C
F
M
O
0
.
7
5
9
0
.
7
0
4
0
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6
3
0
.
7
4
1
0
.
7
7
8
S
C
F
O
0
.
7
9
6
2
9
6
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
0
.
7
5
9
2
5
9
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
3
0
.
8
1
4
8
1
5
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
SC
FO,
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
AP
FD
v
alu
e
i
s
g
ai
n
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
FO
S.
Seco
n
d
h
i
g
h
est
v
alu
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
L
MD
an
d
F
OS.
W
ith
S
C
FO,
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
A
P
FD
v
a
lu
e
ar
e
s
till
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
r
ig
i
n
al
C
n
t.
Fu
n
ctio
n
a
n
d
o
th
er
m
o
d
if
ied
C
n
t.
F
u
n
ctio
n
d
i
s
tan
ce
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
9
4
–
1
2
0
3
1202
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
6
u
n
t
il
T
ab
le
9
,
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
t
an
ce
s
t
h
at
u
n
d
er
g
o
m
o
d
if
icat
io
n
s
w
h
ic
h
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
a
n
d
Op
ti
o
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
A
P
FD
v
al
u
es.
So
m
e
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
w
o
r
s
t
th
at
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
an
d
o
th
er
s
ar
e
s
l
ig
h
tl
y
b
etter
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
s
t
v
alu
e
is
0
.
6
1
1
an
d
th
e
b
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
i
s
0
.
8
3
3
3
3
3
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
t
h
at
u
n
d
er
g
o
M
o
difica
t
io
n
4
y
ie
ld
th
e
b
est
A
P
FD
v
alu
e
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
GM
D
an
d
F
OS
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esu
lts
,
w
e
s
tated
th
a
t
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
i
s
tan
ce
h
as
b
etter
r
ate
o
f
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
th
er
s
a
n
d
GO
S
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
u
t
w
it
s
o
t
h
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
[
1
4
]
.
Ou
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esu
lts
d
en
o
te
t
h
at
J
a
cc
ar
d
d
is
tan
ce
s
till
th
e
b
etter
o
n
e.
R
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
7
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
t
w
o
b
est
v
al
u
es
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
GM
D
a
n
d
FO
S.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
o
th
er
s
i
m
i
l
ar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
o
n
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
est
v
al
u
e
eit
h
er
b
y
u
s
in
g
G
M
D
o
r
FOS.
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
s
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
is
s
tati
s
tic
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
a
m
p
le
s
ets
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
an
d
d
iv
er
s
it
y
[
1
5
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
is
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
e
to
s
m
all
s
a
m
p
le
s
s
ize
s
es
p
ec
iall
y
w
it
h
v
er
y
s
m
al
l
s
a
m
p
les
o
r
d
ata
s
e
ts
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
th
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
d
is
tan
ce
s
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
Op
tio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el,
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
izes
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e.
A
n
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
to
u
s
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
is
th
at
it
h
as
lo
w
v
ar
iatio
n
,
lo
w
co
s
t,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
[
6
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
o
u
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
GO
S
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
th
e
b
est
v
alu
e
w
h
e
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
a
n
y
M
o
difica
t
io
n
4
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
in
d
ic
ate
t
h
at
GO
S
m
o
s
tl
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
el
l
t
h
an
t
h
e
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
f
r
o
m
h
i
g
h
er
A
P
FD
v
al
u
e
s
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
G
OS
t
h
a
n
A
Y
C
,
L
MD
,
GM
D
an
d
FOS
w
it
h
M
o
difica
t
io
n
1
an
d
M
o
difica
t
io
n
3
.
Su
p
p
o
s
ed
ly
GOS
ca
n
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
t
h
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
M
o
difica
t
io
n
4
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
is
d
u
e
to
GO
S
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
th
at
u
s
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
s
tr
ate
g
y
an
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
tr
ateg
y
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
r
ate
o
f
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
[
1
7
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
m
in
i
m
u
m
s
tr
ate
g
y
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
A
P
FD,
it
also
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
d
u
e
to
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
g
r
ee
d
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
in
GOS.
B
o
th
GM
D
an
d
FOS
tech
n
iq
u
es
co
n
s
id
er
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
u
n
o
r
d
er
lis
t
w
it
h
p
r
io
r
itized
lis
t
w
h
ile
GO
S
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
u
n
o
r
d
er
lis
t.
T
h
is
ca
n
m
a
k
e
th
e
G
OS
o
v
er
lo
o
k
s
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
t
h
at
m
a
y
co
n
tai
n
f
a
u
lt
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
r
ig
h
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
n
ee
d
to
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
P
r
o
d
u
ct
lin
e
te
s
ti
n
g
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
a
lo
t
o
f
ti
m
e.
E
v
er
y
te
s
ter
s
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
te
s
ti
n
g
is
to
d
etec
t
f
au
lts
as
s
o
o
n
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
r
elate
d
to
p
r
io
r
itize
p
r
o
d
u
cts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
au
lts
ar
e
d
etec
ted
i
n
t
h
e
ea
r
lier
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
-
b
ased
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
SP
L
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ea
r
l
y
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate.
W
e
u
tili
ze
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el
n
o
tatio
n
s
(
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
a
n
d
Op
tio
n
a
l)
in
to
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
t
h
at
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
SP
L
f
ield
.
T
h
is
d
u
e
to
en
ab
le
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
to
b
e
test
ed
f
ir
s
t
f
o
r
an
y
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
f
au
lts
.
Fin
d
i
n
g
f
a
u
lts
ea
r
l
y
w
i
th
i
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ar
e
co
s
t
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
.
O
u
r
r
es
u
lts
ex
p
r
ess
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
ea
r
l
y
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
.
B
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
Op
tio
n
al
n
o
tatio
n
in
to
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
A
P
FD v
a
lu
e.
Fo
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
p
lan
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
GOS
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
tu
n
e
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
m
ad
e
an
d
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
esu
lts
.
P
lu
s
,
m
o
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
n
ee
d
to
b
e
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
t
h
at
w
h
eth
er
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
s
t
ill
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ize
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
l
in
e,
f
r
o
m
s
m
a
ll
to
lar
g
e
s
izes.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
s
i
m
u
late
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
au
lts
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
er
e
ex
i
s
t
a
n
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
to
w
ar
d
t
h
e
A
P
FD
r
e
s
u
l
ts
a
n
d
w
e
ten
d
to
f
i
n
d
ab
o
u
t th
at.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
W
ar
m
t
h
a
n
k
s
to
all
th
e
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
r
ea
d
er
s
an
d
r
ev
i
e
w
er
s
w
h
o
r
ea
d
an
d
r
ev
ie
w
th
is
p
ap
er
.
C
o
m
m
e
n
ts
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
io
n
s
a
r
e
m
o
s
t
w
elco
m
e
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
r
elati
v
el
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Dr
.
Mo
h
d
A
d
h
a
m
b
in
I
s
a
r
es
ea
r
ch
's
g
r
an
t
b
y
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
u
n
d
er
th
e
Fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
R
esear
ch
Gr
an
t Sc
h
e
m
e
(
FR
GS)
w
it
h
v
o
t.
R
.
J
1
3
0
0
0
0
.
7
8
2
8
.
4
F8
3
6
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Cle
m
e
n
ts
P
,
No
rt
h
ro
p
L
.
S
o
f
tw
a
re
p
ro
d
u
c
t
li
n
e
s:
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
p
a
t
tern
s.
P
it
tsb
u
rg
h
:
A
d
d
iso
n
-
W
e
sle
y
P
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l.
2
0
0
1
.
[2
]
W
e
iss
DM.
T
h
e
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
Ha
ll
o
f
F
a
m
e
.
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(S
P
L
C).
S
a
n
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
.
2
0
0
9
:
3
9
5
-
3
9
5
.
[3
]
P
e
rr
o
u
i
n
G
,
O
ste
r
S
,
S
e
n
S
,
Kle
in
J,
Bu
d
ry
B,
le
T
ra
o
n
Y.
P
a
ir
-
w
i
se
tes
ti
n
g
f
o
r
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
ro
d
u
c
t
li
n
e
s:
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
tw
o
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s.
S
o
ft
wa
re
Q
u
a
l
it
y
J
o
u
rn
a
l
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
0
(3
-
4
):
6
0
5
-
6
4
3
.
[4
]
Ca
tal
C,
M
ish
ra
D.
T
e
st
c
a
se
p
rio
rit
iza
ti
o
n
:
a
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
m
a
p
p
in
g
stu
d
y
.
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
Qu
a
li
t
y
Jo
u
rn
a
l.
2
0
1
3
;
2
1
(3
)
:
445
-
4
7
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
S
imila
r
ity
Dis
ta
n
ce
s
Usi
n
g
Ma
n
d
a
to
r
y
a
n
d
Op
ti
o
n
a
l fo
r
E
a
r
ly.
.
.
(
S
a
fw
a
n
A
b
d
R
a
z
a
k
)
1203
[5
]
Ro
th
e
rm
e
l
G
,
Un
tch
RH,
C
h
u
C,
Ha
rro
ld
M
J.
T
e
st
c
a
se
p
rio
rit
iza
ti
o
n
:
A
n
e
mp
irica
l
stu
d
y
.
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
M
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
(ICS
M
'
9
9
).
Ox
f
o
rd
.
1
9
9
9
:
1
7
9
-
1
8
8
.
[6
]
He
m
m
a
ti
H,
Brian
d
L
.
(2
0
1
0
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r).
An
in
d
u
stri
a
l
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
simila
rity
me
a
su
re
s
fo
r
mo
d
e
l
-
b
a
se
d
tes
t
c
a
se
se
lec
ti
o
n
.
IEE
E
2
1
st
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
re
R
e
li
a
b
il
it
y
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(IS
S
RE).
S
a
n
Jo
se
.
2
0
1
0
:
141
-
1
5
0
.
[7
]
Al
-
Ha
jj
a
ji
M
,
T
h
ü
m
T
,
L
o
c
h
a
u
M
,
M
e
in
ick
e
J,
S
a
a
k
e
G
.
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
p
ro
d
u
c
t
-
li
n
e
tes
ti
n
g
u
si
n
g
sim
il
a
rit
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
p
ro
d
u
c
t
p
rio
ri
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
.
S
o
ft
w
a
re
&
S
y
ste
ms
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
.
2
0
1
6
;
1
6
(
2
2
)
:
1
-
2
3
.
[8
]
He
n
a
rd
C,
P
a
p
a
d
a
k
is
M
,
P
e
rr
o
u
i
n
G
,
Kle
in
J,
He
y
m
a
n
s
P
,
L
e
T
r
a
o
n
Y.
By
p
a
ss
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
a
to
rial
e
x
p
lo
sio
n
:
Us
in
g
si
m
il
a
rit
y
to
g
e
n
e
ra
te
a
n
d
p
rio
ri
ti
z
e
t
-
w
ise
t
e
st
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
ro
d
u
c
t
li
n
e
s.
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
2
0
1
4
:
40
(7
):
6
5
0
-
6
7
0
.
[9
]
Bo
u
b
a
c
a
r
A
,
Ni
u
Z.
V
a
l
u
in
g
S
e
m
a
n
ti
c
S
im
il
a
rit
y
.
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
.
2
0
1
4
:
12
(8
)
:
6
3
6
1
-
6
3
6
8
.
[1
0
]
Ka
n
g
KC,
Co
h
e
n
S
G
,
He
ss
J
A
,
No
v
a
k
W
E,
P
e
ters
o
n
A
S
.
F
e
a
tu
r
e
-
o
rien
ted
d
o
m
a
in
a
n
a
ly
sis
(F
O
DA
)
f
e
a
sib
il
it
y
stu
d
y
.
P
HD
T
h
e
sis.
P
it
tsb
u
rg
h
:
C
a
rn
e
g
ie
-
M
e
ll
o
n
Un
iv
P
it
tsb
u
rg
h
P
a
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
In
st:1
9
9
0
.
[1
1
]
Estu
b
li
e
r
J,
V
e
g
a
G
.
Re
u
se
a
n
d
v
a
riab
il
it
y
in
larg
e
so
f
t
w
a
re
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
ACM
S
IGS
OFT
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
No
tes
.
2
0
0
5
:
30
(
5
):
3
1
6
-
3
2
5
.
[1
2
]
Os
is
J.
M
o
d
e
l
-
d
riv
e
n
d
o
m
a
in
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
a
n
d
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s:
A
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
a
n
d
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
.
L
a
tv
ia:
IG
I
G
lo
b
a
l.
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
Ro
th
e
rm
e
l
G
,
Un
tch
RH,
Ch
u
C
,
Ha
rro
ld
M
J.
P
rio
ri
ti
z
in
g
tes
t
c
a
se
s
f
o
r
re
g
re
ss
io
n
tes
ti
n
g
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
so
ft
wa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
0
1
:
27
(1
0
):
9
2
9
-
9
4
8
.
[1
4
]
Ra
z
a
k
S
A
,
Is
a
M
A
,
Ja
wa
w
i
DN
A
.
A
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
n
S
im
il
a
rit
y
Dista
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
P
ri
o
rit
iza
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
Earl
y
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
Ra
te.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
J
T
EC)
.
2
0
1
7
;
9
(3
-
3
):
89
-
94.
[1
5
]
Ja
c
c
a
rd
P
.
B
u
ll
S
o
c
V
a
u
d
S
c
i
Na
t.
In
:
Ha
n
ra
h
a
n
G
,
G
o
m
e
z
F
A
.
Ed
it
o
rs
.
C
h
e
m
o
m
e
tri
c
m
e
th
o
d
s
in
c
a
p
il
lary
e
lec
tro
p
h
o
re
sis
.
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s: 2
0
0
9
:
2
2
3
-
2
7
0
.
[1
6
]
M
il
li
g
a
n
GW
,
S
c
h
il
li
n
g
DA
.
A
s
y
m
p
to
ti
c
a
n
d
f
in
it
e
s
a
m
p
le
c
h
a
r
a
c
teristics
o
f
f
o
u
r
e
x
tern
a
l
c
rit
e
rio
n
m
e
a
su
re
s.
M
u
lt
iva
ria
te B
e
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
.
1
9
8
5
:
20
(
1
):
9
7
-
1
0
9
.
[1
7
]
Jia
n
g
B,
Zh
a
n
g
Z,
Ch
a
n
W
K,
T
se
T
H.
(2
0
0
9
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r).
Ad
a
p
ti
v
e
ra
n
d
o
m
tes
t
c
a
se
p
rio
riti
z
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
0
9
IEE
E/
A
CM
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
u
to
m
a
ted
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
W
a
s
h
in
g
to
n
.
2
0
0
9
:
2
3
3
-
2
4
4
.
[1
8
]
Ng
u
y
e
n
P
H,
W
a
n
g
D,
T
ru
o
n
g
T
K.
A
n
e
w
h
y
b
rid
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
rm
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
g
re
e
d
y
f
o
r
0
-
1
k
n
a
p
sa
c
k
p
ro
b
lem
.
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
.
2
0
1
6
:
1
(
3
):
4
1
1
-
4
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.