I
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n J
o
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l o
f
E
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rica
l En
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ineering
a
nd
Co
m
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u
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er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
9
1
9
~
9
26
I
SS
N:
2
5
02
-
4
7
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DOI
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cs.v
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J
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:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
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co
m
Enha
ncing
P
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PR
reduc
tion for
FB
M
C
-
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AM
sy
st
e
m
s by
joint
bo
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tone
reserv
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ethods
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a
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p
a
rt
m
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o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
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iv
e
rsity
A
b
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k
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l
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rtme
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nfo
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to
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ra
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e
p
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r
r
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ti
o
(P
A
P
R).
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h
e
re
a
r
e
d
iv
e
rs
P
A
P
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d
u
c
ti
o
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ro
b
lem
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o
n
e
re
se
rv
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t
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(T
R)
sc
h
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m
e
is
o
n
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o
f
th
e
m
o
st
f
a
m
o
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s
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P
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d
u
c
ti
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n
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h
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e
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ich
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k
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g
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n
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l
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d
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e
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to
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e
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c
h
a
w
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t
P
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P
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l
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d
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c
e
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m
p
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n
d
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g
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n
o
th
e
r
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a
s
y
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A
P
R
re
d
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c
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io
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h
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e
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o
m
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n
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e
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th
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a
p
e
r,
w
e
su
g
g
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st
a
n
e
w
P
A
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se
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p
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r
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M
s
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st
e
m
s.
T
h
e
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u
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lt
s
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o
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t
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e
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ro
p
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se
d
sc
h
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e
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re
se
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ts
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e
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e
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term
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f
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P
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d
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o
n
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o
m
p
a
re
d
to
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a
n
d
M
u
-
law
c
o
m
p
a
n
d
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s tak
e
n
se
p
a
ra
tel
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
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MC
-
OQ
A
M
Mu
-
la
w
co
m
p
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n
d
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g
P
A
P
R
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u
ctio
n
TR
T
R
&
C
o
m
p
d
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
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m
a
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h
ad
j
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L
T
T
L
ab
o
r
at
o
r
y
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t o
f
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o
m
m
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ic
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A
b
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u
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ak
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elk
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U
n
i
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,
1
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0
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A
lg
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m
ail: sa
li
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a.
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en
h
ad
j
i@
s
t
u
d
e
n
t.u
n
i
v
-
tle
m
ce
n
.
d
z
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
u
l
ticar
r
ier
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
MC
M)
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
L
T
E
,
4
G,
W
im
a
x
a
n
d
also
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
ex
t
g
en
er
atio
n
5
G.
MCM
p
r
esen
ts
a
lo
t
o
f
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es;
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
ter
esti
n
g
i
s
(
i)
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
a
g
ai
n
s
t
m
u
ltip
at
h
p
r
o
p
ag
at
io
n
an
d
(
ii)
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
ill
n
o
w
,
Or
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Di
v
i
s
i
o
n
Mu
ltip
lex
(
OFDM)
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
clas
s
o
f
MCM
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it is
a
li
m
ited
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
5
G
v
is
io
n
d
u
e
to
s
o
m
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
.
T
h
e
Fil
ter
B
an
k
Mu
lti
-
C
ar
r
ier
(
FB
MC)
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
Of
f
s
e
t
Qu
ad
r
a
tu
r
e
Am
p
lit
u
d
e
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
OQ
AM
)
[
1
-
5
]
ar
e
g
ain
in
g
ap
p
ea
l
to
b
e
th
e
f
a
v
o
r
ite
to
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
r
ad
io
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
i
n
f
o
r
th
co
m
in
g
f
i
f
t
h
Gen
er
atio
n
(
5
G)
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
f
er
s
lo
ts
o
f
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
s
u
ch
as
ex
ce
l
len
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
lo
ca
liz
atio
n
[
7
,
8
]
,
lo
w
s
id
e
lo
b
es
in
its
P
SD
(
P
o
w
er
Sp
ec
tr
a
l
Den
s
i
t
y
)
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
to
p
h
ase
n
o
is
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
s
m
ak
in
g
i
t
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
t
h
an
OFDM
f
o
r
5
G
[
9
]
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
as
all
m
u
lticar
r
ier
d
esig
n
s
,
FB
MC
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
lar
g
e
P
ea
k
-
to
Av
er
ag
e
P
o
w
er
R
atio
(
P
A
P
R
)
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
s
at
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
(
HP
A
)
an
d
ca
u
s
e
s
o
m
e
i
n
b
a
n
d
an
d
o
u
t
o
f
b
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
w
h
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i
m
p
ac
t t
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e
s
i
g
n
al
q
u
alit
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.
Div
er
s
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
ch
e
m
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
es
ted
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e:
C
lip
p
in
g
an
d
Fil
ter
in
g
[
1
0
]
,
C
o
d
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
[
1
1
]
,
N
o
n
lin
ea
r
C
o
m
p
a
n
d
in
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
,
t
o
n
e
r
eser
v
atio
n
(
T
R
)
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
,
Selecte
d
Ma
p
p
in
g
(
S
L
M
)
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
,
an
d
P
a
r
tial
T
r
an
s
m
it
Seq
u
en
ce
s
(
P
T
S)
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
t
h
er
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
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4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
9
19
-
9
26
920
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
a
n
y
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
F
B
MC
-
OQ
A
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
SLM
a
n
d
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R
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p
r
o
p
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ed
to
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h
iev
e
b
etter
P
A
P
R
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ed
u
ctio
n
.
also
in
[
2
0
]
,
a
s
o
l
u
tio
n
ca
lled
T
R
-
PT
S
h
y
b
r
id
s
c
h
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h
a
m
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ata
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lo
ck
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PT
S
b
y
ta
k
i
n
g
ad
v
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tag
e
o
f
th
e
FB
M
C
-
O
Q
A
M
s
y
m
b
o
l
o
v
er
lap
s
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
en
h
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ce
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Oth
er
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
e
co
m
p
a
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d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
n
l
y
a
s
in
[
2
1
]
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
o
f
t
h
e
FB
MC
s
y
s
te
m
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
ir
ec
tl
y
b
y
u
s
in
g
A
-
la
w
an
d
μ
-
la
w
c
o
m
p
a
n
d
in
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
at
th
e
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
a
ce
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tai
n
B
E
R
p
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f
o
r
m
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.
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n
th
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s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
h
y
b
r
id
s
ch
e
m
e
ca
lled
T
R
&
C
o
m
p
d
f
o
r
P
A
P
R
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ed
u
ctio
n
in
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MC
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OQ
A
M
s
i
g
n
a
ls
w
h
ich
j
o
in
t
to
n
e
r
eser
v
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n
(
T
R
)
an
d
Mu
-
L
a
w
co
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p
a
n
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
n
e
w
T
R
&
C
o
m
p
d
s
c
h
e
m
e,
t
h
e
f
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s
t
s
tep
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to
f
u
r
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s
s
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o
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ig
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al
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t
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t
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T
R
s
ch
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m
e.
Si
n
ce
s
o
m
e
p
ea
k
s
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
FB
MC
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A
M
s
ig
n
al
s
u
s
u
all
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cc
u
r
at
a
f
e
w
p
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t
s
,
w
e
p
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p
o
s
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to
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Mu
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L
a
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o
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P
A
P
R
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f
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n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
t
io
n
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u
lts
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
R
&
C
o
m
p
d
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
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ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
en
v
elo
p
e
flu
ctu
a
tio
n
s
f
o
r
FB
MC
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A
M
s
i
g
n
als.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sectio
n
2
,
i
n
clu
d
e
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
FB
M
C
-
OQ
A
M
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
p
r
o
b
le
m
an
d
HP
A
m
o
d
el,
also
w
e
p
r
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t
a
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
to
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r
eser
v
a
tio
n
tech
n
iq
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e
o
f
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
Mu
-
la
w
co
m
p
a
n
d
in
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th
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p
r
o
p
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ed
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o
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ith
m
(
T
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&
C
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m
p
d
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n
3
,
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
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r
esu
lts
a
n
d
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al
y
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i
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
w
e
e
n
d
th
e
p
ap
er
w
it
h
s
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m
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n
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u
s
io
n
s
in
Sectio
n
4.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DS
2
.
1
.
F
B
M
C
-
O
Q
AM
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
nd
P
AP
R
p
ro
ble
m
T
h
e
in
p
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t
o
f
th
e
Fil
ter
B
a
n
k
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lti
-
C
ar
r
ier
w
i
th
Of
f
s
e
t
Q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
Am
p
lit
u
d
e
Mo
d
u
lati
o
n
(
FB
MC
-
OQ
A
M
s
y
s
te
m
)
[
2
2
]
is
g
en
er
a
ll
y
a
co
m
p
le
x
s
y
m
b
o
l,
w
h
ich
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
,
-
,
-
d
en
o
te
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
i
m
a
g
i
n
ar
y
p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
s
y
m
b
o
l
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
is
a
n
d
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
i
n
p
u
t s
y
m
b
o
ls
n
u
m
b
er
s
is
.
T
h
e
FB
MC
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OQ
AM
s
y
s
te
m
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
id
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fo
r
OQ
A
M
,
t
h
e
r
ea
l
a
n
d
i
m
ag
in
ar
y
p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
s
y
m
b
o
ls
Q
A
M
ar
e
s
tag
g
er
e
d
in
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
b
y
,
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
p
er
io
d
(
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
to
)
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
p
ass
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
f
ilter
b
a
n
k
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
FB
MC
-
OQ
A
M
s
y
m
b
o
l
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
all
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w
:
(
)
∑
,
(
)
(
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-
(
)
(
2
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W
h
er
e
(
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is
th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
f
ilter
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
FB
MC
-
OQ
A
M
tr
an
s
m
itter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
I
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N:
2502
-
4752
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n
h
a
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ci
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P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
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y
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In
t
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,
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HYDY
A
S
[
2
3
]
f
ilter
is
co
n
s
id
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ed
as
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
f
il
ter
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t
is
ch
ar
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ter
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b
y
an
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v
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lap
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in
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n
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ted
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d
th
e
d
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n
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th
i
s
f
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ased
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
s
a
m
p
lin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
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h
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i
m
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u
l
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e
r
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n
s
e
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th
e
P
H
YDY
A
S
f
ilter
is
g
i
v
en
a
s
[
2
3
]
in
(
3
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f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
th
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ilter
as s
h
o
w
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i
n
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ab
le
1
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{
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0
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)
.
/
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,
-
(
3
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W
h
er
e:
{
[
∑
]
(
4
)
An
d
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
a
i
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
t
h
e
P
HYDY
AS f
i
lter
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√
Af
ter
f
i
lter
in
g
,
th
e
FB
M
C
-
O
QA
M
s
y
m
b
o
l
d
u
r
atio
n
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e
x
t
en
d
ed
b
y
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w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
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t
h
at
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n
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tiv
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o
u
tp
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t
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m
b
o
ls
o
v
er
lap
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
in
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
FB
MC
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OQ
A
M
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
i
s
(
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
g
iv
e
n
as
:
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)
∑
(
)
,
.
/
-
(
5
)
Fo
r
P
A
P
R
an
al
y
s
is
,
i
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
m
i
d
d
le
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
FB
MC
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OQ
AM
s
ig
n
al
s
f
r
o
m
(
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to
(
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w
ith
p
o
in
ts
th
at
is
th
en
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
in
ter
v
al
s
e
q
u
all
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w
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h
ti
m
e
d
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
o
f
ea
ch
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ter
v
al
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
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6
)
an
d
,
w
e
u
s
e
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
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m
u
lat
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is
tr
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u
tio
n
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
(
C
C
D
F)
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
7
)
to
p
lo
t it.
(
)
(
)
(
|
(
)
|
)
(
|
(
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|
)
(
6
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W
h
er
e
*
+
d
en
o
tes th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
v
alu
e
an
d
,
-
.
(
)
(
)
–
.
–
–
/
(
7
)
A
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
(
HPA
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
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n
t
s
in
t
h
e
w
ir
ele
s
s
m
o
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il
e
co
m
m
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n
icatio
n
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y
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te
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
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,
w
e
co
n
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er
a
HP
A
f
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llo
w
s
t
h
e
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ap
p
m
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el
w
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s
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o
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t
h
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ess
f
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h
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co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
tr
a
n
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itio
n
b
et
w
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th
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li
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e
a
n
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h
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o
n
e
o
f
HP
A
.
T
h
e
R
ap
p
m
o
d
el
[
2
4
]
p
r
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ts
o
n
l
y
A
M/
AM
co
n
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er
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
o
n
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
es
s
e
d
as:
(
(
)
)
(
)
(
(
(
)
)
)
(
8
)
(
(
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(
9
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W
h
er
e
th
e
s
m
o
o
t
h
n
ess
f
ac
to
r
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s
all
ti
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e
2
.
2
.
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o
ne
re
s
er
v
a
t
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n
m
er
ho
d f
o
r
F
B
M
C
-
O
Q
A
M
P
AP
R
re
du
ct
io
n
T
R
is
a
lin
ea
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
as
first
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
4
]
,
b
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
an
e
f
f
icie
n
t
g
e
n
er
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n
o
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p
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ce
li
n
g
s
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g
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al.
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h
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P
A
P
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ca
n
b
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ce
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b
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u
s
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n
g
t
h
e
T
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n
e
R
eser
v
atio
n
(
T
R
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ich
e
x
p
lo
its
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
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-
4752
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21
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No
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2
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Feb
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19
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26
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[
1
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I
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T
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ativ
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ith
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M
s
y
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s
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b
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ctio
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d
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o
f
t
h
e
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R
T
s
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
b
y
t
h
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ec
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er
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
itter
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t c
o
m
p
lex
s
y
m
b
o
l in
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
w
r
it
ten
as:
{
(
1
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(
1
1
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W
h
er
e
d
ata
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lo
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m
p
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s
e
d
o
f
th
e
d
ata
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to
r
an
d
th
e
P
A
P
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ed
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to
r
.
*
+
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en
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tes
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
to
n
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eser
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o
r
p
ea
k
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en
o
tes
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e
s
et
o
f
d
ata
s
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b
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r
r
ier
s
,
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d
is
th
e
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m
en
t
s
et
o
f
in
*
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h
e
d
ata
to
n
es
in
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
(
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ar
e
g
en
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ated
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in
t I
FF
T
o
p
e
r
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n
o
f
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
s
tep
s
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as:
F
irst
s
t
ep:
(
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is
clip
p
ed
to
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
as:
(
)
̃
{
(
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|
(
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|
|
(
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|
(
1
2
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W
h
er
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(
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|
(
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|
,
is
th
e
p
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ase
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f
(
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.
Seco
nd
s
t
ep:
th
e
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r
i
g
in
a
l c
lip
p
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ca
lcu
lated
as:
(
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(
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(
1
3
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{
(
1
4
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.
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FB
MC
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OQ
A
M
s
ig
n
al
ca
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b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
(
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(
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|
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W
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m
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2
.
3
.
Mu
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m
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ical
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P
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MC
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OQ
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y
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te
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h
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t
w
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ch
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co
m
p
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ta
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MC
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OQ
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s
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g
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g
h
t
h
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R
P
A
P
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u
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lo
ck
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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esia
n
J
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E
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g
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C
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p
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N:
2502
-
4752
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n
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P
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M sys
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y
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r
th
is
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w
e
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ly
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la
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co
m
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d
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n
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f
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n
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n
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h
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p
r
o
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r
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v
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ta
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o
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li
n
ea
r
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y
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r
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m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
(
T
R
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w
it
h
t
h
e
r
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u
ce
d
co
m
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tatio
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m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
(
M
u
-
la
w
)
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
b
etter
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
w
it
h
g
o
o
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
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h
e
s
te
p
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
R
&
C
o
m
p
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as b
elo
w
:
Proposed algorithm
1.
Sepecify a desired threshold
, reserved tones
and the maximal
iteration numbers
for TR scheme.
2.
Generate the time domain signal
(
)
of all the
data blocks at the
output of the FBMC
-
OQAM transmitter using (6).
3.
Clip the FBMC
-
OQAM signal at
by using (11).
4.
Generate a peak cancelling signal by :
Calculate the clipping noise using (12)
(
)
.
Convert it to the frequency domain
(
)
.
Remodulate
(
)
to get
(
)
.
5.
Calculate the new TR
-
FBMC
-
OQAM signal by adding
(
)
to
(
)
.
6.
Applay Mu
-
law Companding to the TR
-
FBMC
-
OQAM signal i.e.,
(
)
,
(
)
(
)
-
using (15).
7.
Calculate the PAPR of the new TR&Compd FBMC
-
OQAM signal by (7).
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
IS
CU
SS
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R
&
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p
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MC
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OQ
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P
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ex
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iv
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s
.
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la
w
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s
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b
ec
au
s
e
t
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ll
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g
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e
s
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etter
B
E
R
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m
p
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ed
to
A
-
la
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co
m
p
an
d
er
.
T
a
b
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
f
o
r
FB
MC
-
OQ
A
M
s
y
s
te
m
,
T
o
n
e
R
eser
v
a
tio
n
,
Mu
-
la
w
co
m
p
a
n
d
in
g
an
d
HP
A
R
ap
p
m
o
d
el.
Fro
m
t
h
e
C
C
D
Fs
c
u
r
v
e
s
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
an
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
er
ical
v
al
u
e
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
)
,
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
at
t
h
e
P
A
P
R
o
f
th
e
u
n
ch
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n
g
ed
FB
MC
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OQ
A
M
s
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g
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al
is
,
Fo
r
a
.
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r
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h
en
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C
C
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.
3
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.
2
d
B
6
.
2
d
B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
9
19
-
9
26
924
W
e
h
av
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
(
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
)
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
M
u
-
r
at
io
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
,
.
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
,
w
e
n
o
te
t
h
at
th
e
P
A
P
R
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
Mu
-
r
atio
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
w
h
e
n
an
d
,
th
e
PA
P
R
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
.
Fo
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
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at
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
is
an
d
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
v
er
if
ied
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
a
v
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
p
ea
k
r
ed
u
ctio
n
(
P
A
P
R
)
.
T
h
en
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
(
b
)
.
W
e
n
o
te
th
at
t
h
e
g
a
in
o
f
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
iter
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n
s
n
u
m
b
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
g
ai
n
o
f
r
ed
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ctio
n
is
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
c)
,
w
e
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
P
A
P
R
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
u
s
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n
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d
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[5
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J.
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.,
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Q.
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t
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sm
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4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ro
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[1
3
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re
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s
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T
ra
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.
[1
4
]
J.
T
e
ll
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o
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d
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Ci
o
f
fi
,
"
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e
a
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d
u
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m
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COM
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9
9
8
.
[1
5
]
J.
T
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ll
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,
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it
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tan
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rd
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
6
]
S
.
S
.
Yo
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,
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n
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sc
h
e
m
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r
OFDM
sy
ste
m
s:
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e
lec
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m
a
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in
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(S
M
O
P
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),
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in
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
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r E
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,
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l.
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1
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p
p
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4
0
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0
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[1
7
]
R.
W
.
Ba
u
m
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l.
,
"
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,
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p
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2
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5
7
,
1
9
9
6
.
[1
8
]
S
.
H.
M
u
ll
e
r
a
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d
J.
B.
H
u
b
e
r,
"
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w
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s,
"
in
IE
EE
El
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tt
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v
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l.
3
3
,
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5
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p
p
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3
6
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9
,
1
9
9
7
.
[1
9
]
S
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V
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la,
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.
A
n
u
ra
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a
,
"
Hy
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P
A
P
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with
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rv
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f
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,
"
in
Pro
c
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ter
n
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ti
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l
Pro
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n
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p
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1
5
.
[2
0
]
H.
W
a
n
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,
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t
a
l
.,
"
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rid
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a
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in
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Acc
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,
v
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l.
4
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p
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4
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6
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-
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1
6
.
[2
1
]
A
.
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l
.,
"
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law
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p
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,
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1
8
.
[2
2
]
P
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t
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l.
,
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ly
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/OQ
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in
IEE
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T
ra
n
s.
S
ig
n
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l
Pro
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e
ss
,
v
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l.
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0
,
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5
,
p
p
.
1
1
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.
[2
3
]
M
.
Be
ll
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n
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r,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
F
B
M
C
p
h
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l
la
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r
:
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PHY
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,
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p
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.
[2
4
]
R.
Ch
risto
p
h
.
,
"
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f
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In
ES
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fer
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mm
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s
(
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,
p
p
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.
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5
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S
k
lar,
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rn
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rd
,
Dig
it
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l
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o
mm
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n
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ti
o
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s:
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Cli
f
f
s,
N
J,
P
re
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,
1
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8
8
.
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