TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 8, August 2013, pp. 46
9
8
~4
704
e-ISSN: 2087
-278X
4698
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
rch 2
2
, 2013;
Re
vised Ma
y 21, 2013; Accepted Ma
y 31
, 2013
Game Analysis between Government and Coal Mine
Enterprise in Coal Resource Exploitation
Environmental Impact Compensation
MENG Zha
o-jian
Schoo
l of Busi
ness, Hoh
a
i U
n
iversit
y
e-mail: me
ngz
hao
jia
n@1
26.c
o
m
A
b
st
r
a
ct
F
r
om the a
ngl
e of compens
ation su
bj
ect and co
mp
e
n
sa
tion ob
ject, the interest inv
o
lved w
i
t
h
stakeho
ld
er w
a
s an
aly
z
e
d
.
Based
on
ga
me t
heory, th
e rel
a
tion
bet
w
een gov
ern
m
e
n
t an
d co
al
mi
n
e
enterpr
ise w
a
s
ana
ly
z
e
d. T
h
r
o
ugh
the r
e
se
ar
ch, the
gov
ern
m
e
n
t sh
oul
d c
o
nstraint th
e co
al
mi
ne
enter
pr
ise
beh
avior, s
e
t u
p
coa
l
res
ourc
e
s dev
el
op
me
nt envir
on
ment
al i
m
pact co
mpens
atio
n inc
e
ntive
mec
h
a
n
is
m,
incre
a
se coa
l
resourc
e
s expl
o
i
tation a
nd e
n
vi
ron
m
e
n
tal co
mpens
atio
n viol
a
t
ions pu
nis
h
me
nt, and inc
entiv
e
the coal
mi
nin
g
enterpris
es.
Ke
y
w
ords
: en
viron
m
e
n
tal i
m
pact co
mpe
n
sa
tion, coal res
o
u
r
ce expl
oitatio
n
,
game ana
lysi
s
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
As an imp
o
rt
ant pillar of
national e
c
o
n
o
mic d
e
velop
m
ent, coal
re
sou
r
ces
assu
me the
importa
nt mission
of mai
n
taining
the b
e
neficial
to
the
peo
ple'
s livel
ihood. But th
e coal
re
sou
r
ce
developm
ent, whi
c
h
is a
"double
-
ed
ge
d swo
r
d", b
r
i
ngs e
c
on
omi
c
b
enefits b
u
t also g
r
eat
ly
damag
e the
ecol
ogi
cal
en
vironme
n
t. Due to
ba
ckwa
rd te
ch
nology
, mana
geme
n
t, long tim
e
and
high
stre
ngth
of the predat
ory exploitati
on, co
al re
so
urce d
e
velop
m
ent re
sult
s i
n
a la
rge
nu
mber
of
land wa
st
e,
mine
ral reso
urce
s wa
ste,
an
d
e
c
ologi
cal e
n
vironm
ent d
e
terio
r
ation. S
o
me
regio
n
s
have
a wid
e
rang
e of groun
d
sub
s
id
en
ce
a
nd othe
r g
e
o
l
ogical di
sa
sters,
a serio
u
s
threat to
hum
an
survival
of the n
a
tural
environ
m
ent.
In recent ye
ars,
alon
g
wit
h
the
deg
ree
of
importa
nce a
ttached to e
n
vironm
ental
prote
c
tion o
n
the rise, a
s
an imp
o
rta
n
t measure
of
environ
menta
l
prote
c
tion,
environ
menta
l
com
pen
sati
on poli
c
y eff
e
cts is
pro
p
o
se
d, and
th
e
indu
stry attention. And in t
he specifi
c
environme
n
t influence of
coal re
so
urce develo
p
m
ent
comp
en
satio
n
me
cha
n
ism
,
the first
pro
b
lem i
s
to id
entify the sta
k
eh
olde
rs. B
a
se
d on
this,
thi
s
cha
p
ter an
al
ysis an
d di
scusse
s on
the compe
n
satio
n
of coal re
sou
r
ce
exploitation
o
f
environ
menta
l
impact aba
sed on gam
e theory.
2. Identifica
tion of Stak
eholder in
Coal
Resou
r
ce Exploita
tion Env
i
ro
nmental Impac
t
Compen
sati
on and th
eir Interes
t
Anal
y
s
is
2.1. Identific
a
tion o
f
S
t
a
keholder
in
Coal
Res
our
ce Exploitati
on Env
i
ron
m
ental Impa
ct
Compen
sati
on
The sta
k
e
hol
der in
co
al re
sou
r
ce exploi
tation enviro
n
m
ental impa
ct compe
n
sation can
be divide
d int
o
compe
n
sation
subje
c
t a
n
d
compe
n
sation o
b
ject. In
whi
c
h
com
p
e
n
satio
n
subje
c
t
refers to
the
benefi
c
iary
of co
al resource exploi
tation
, inclu
d
ing th
e state,
co
al
mine e
n
terp
ri
se,
local
gove
r
n
m
ent, etc.; compen
satio
n
obje
c
t refe
rs
to the on
e th
at is
contri
bu
ted to e
c
olo
g
i
cal
prote
c
tion
of
co
al
re
sou
r
ce
exploitati
on, an
d fro
m
an
other
perspe
c
tive i
t
is
also
th
e
environ
menta
l
victim of coal reso
urce ex
ploita
tion, incl
uding min
e
ral
reso
urce sy
stem, ecologi
cal
environ
ment
system, direct victim, dire
ct ecolo
g
ical be
nefit produ
ce
r, etc.
Refer to Fig
u
r
e 1 for divi
sion of stakeho
lder
in
coal reso
urce expl
oitation environmenta
l
impact
comp
ensation un
d
e
r the seco
nd
division meth
od.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Gam
e
Analysis between G
o
ve
rnm
ent an
d Coal Min
e
Enterpri
se in
Coal
… (MENG Zhao
-jian
)
4699
2.2. Interes
t
Analy
s
is of Stakeh
older
in Co
al Res
o
urce Exploitation Env
i
ro
nmental Impact
Compen
sati
on
From the
ang
le of comp
en
sation
subj
ect and co
mpe
n
satio
n
obje
c
t, stakeh
olde
r in coal
resou
r
ce expl
oitation e
n
vironmental
imp
a
ct
comp
en
sation involve
s
the
state, lo
cal gove
r
nm
en
t,
coal mi
ne e
n
terp
rise, mineral
re
sou
r
ce syst
em, e
c
ologi
cal environment
syst
em and
so
on.
Different p
a
rt
icipa
n
ts play
different rol
e
s in
coal
re
sou
r
ce exploi
tation enviro
n
mental imp
a
ct
comp
en
satio
n
an
d thei
r d
u
ties
are
al
so differe
nt. In orde
r to
g
uara
n
tee
effective an
d
sm
ooth
developm
ent
of coal resou
r
ce
exploitati
on environm
ental impa
ct comp
en
satio
n
, it is nece
s
sary
to analyze th
e intere
st involved with st
ake
hold
e
r in coal resource exploitation
environme
n
tal
impact comp
ensation.
Figure 1. Dia
g
ram of Com
pen
sation Su
bject an
d Co
mpen
sation
Obje
ct in Coa
l
Resource
Exploitation Environm
ental
Impact Comp
ensation
2.2.1. Interes
t
An
aly
s
is of
the Sta
t
e in
Co
al Resou
r
ce Exploita
tion En
v
i
ronmental Impa
ct
Compen
sati
on
In co
al reso
u
r
ce
exploitati
on envi
r
onm
ental
imp
a
ct
comp
en
satio
n
, the state
plays two
role
s: on the
one ha
nd, as owne
r of min
e
ral resour
ce
s, the state is benefici
a
ry i
n
the pro
c
e
ss of
coal
re
sou
r
ce exploitatio
n
, and coal
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
transfe
r pa
rt
of the value
cre
a
ted in
coal
resou
r
ce expl
oitation to th
e state i
n
the
form
of tax
payment, to
make
the
sta
t
e benefi
c
ia
ry of
coal
re
sou
r
ce
exploitation; on the othe
r
hand, in
the
pro
c
e
ss
of co
al re
sou
r
ce e
x
ploitation, the
state a
c
ts
a
s
supe
rvisor and a
d
mini
strato
r, urgin
g
rel
e
vant
stakeh
olde
rs t
o
pe
rform t
he
obligation
of
enviro
n
ment
al protectio
n
and
su
st
ain
able
develop
ment an
d in
vestigate ille
gal
behavio
rs
by way of a
d
mi
nistrative
exa
m
inati
on a
n
d
app
roval, ad
missi
on
syste
m
, sup
e
rvisi
o
n,
etc., to guara
n
tee the environmental b
e
n
e
fit of coal re
sou
r
ce exploi
tation [3].
2.2.2. Inter
est
Analy
s
is of Loc
a
l
Go
v
e
rnment in Co
al Resou
r
c
e
Exploitati
on
En
v
i
ronmental Impact Co
mpensa
tion
Local gove
r
n
m
ent plays
a simila
r rol
e
to
the sta
t
e in coal
reso
urce expl
oitation
environ
menta
l
impa
ct
co
mpen
sation.
On the
o
n
e
han
d, in
th
e p
r
o
c
e
s
s o
f
coal
resou
r
ce
exploitation, l
o
cal
governm
ent tran
sfers
part of the
value cre
a
ted in
coal
re
sou
r
ce
exploitation t
o
itself in the form of tax collecti
on, to ma
ke itself be
ne
ficiary of
co
al resource ex
ploitation; on
the
other h
and,
in the proce
ss
of
co
al reso
urce expl
oitation, loca
l govern
m
ent
also
act
s
a
s
sup
e
rvisor a
n
d
admini
s
trat
or, strengthe
ning the m
o
n
i
toring jo
b for stake
hold
e
rs espe
cially
coal
mine enterp
r
ise
a
nd e
n
su
ring
coo
r
dinatio
n
b
e
t
ween
coal
re
so
urce
exploitation
and
environ
menta
l
protection
by implem
en
ting re
levant
re
gulation
s
of the
stat
e an
d m
a
ki
ng
prote
c
tion
po
licie
s for local co
al
reso
urces, to
gu
arante
e
the
environ
menta
l
benefit of
coal
resou
r
ce expl
oitation.
Compen
sati
on
object
Compen
sati
on
subjec
t
The
s
t
at
e
Coal m
i
ne
enter
p
rise
Local
gov
ernment
Ecological
env
i
ronment
s
y
stem
Mineral reso
urce
s
y
stem
D
i
r
e
ct
vic
t
im
Direc
t
ecolo
gical benefi
t
produc
er
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e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 8, August 2013: 4698 –
4704
4700
2.2.3.
Intere
st Analy
s
is
of Coal Mine
Ente
r
p
rise in
Coal Re
sour
ce Exploita
tion
En
v
i
ronmental Impact Co
mpensa
tion
Coal mi
ne e
n
terp
rise is t
he sp
ecifi
c
impleme
n
ter
of coal reso
urce exploita
tion and
mean
while
is one
of the
comp
en
satio
n
subje
c
ts
in
co
al resource
exploitatio
n
environme
n
tal
impact
com
p
ensation. At p
r
esent, China
’
s
coal mi
ne
e
n
terp
rise is th
e mo
st direct
impleme
n
ter i
n
coal resource exploitation as well a
s
dire
ct
ben
eficiary. Co
a
l
mine enterprises p
u
t coal
resou
r
ces i
n
to the ma
rket for tran
sa
ctio
n by ex
ploitin
g
and pro
c
e
s
sing co
al re
source
s an
d thus
gain p
r
ofit [4]. Therefore, from the p
e
rspe
ct
ive of environm
ent
al impa
ct co
mpen
sation,
as
spe
c
ific im
ple
m
enter
and d
i
rect b
enefi
c
i
a
ry, coal
mi
n
e
enterpri
s
e
plays an i
m
p
o
rtant pa
rt in
coal
resou
r
ce expl
oitation environmental im
p
a
ct co
mpen
sation.
2.2.4. Intere
st
Analy
s
is of Min
e
ral
Re
sour
c
e
Sy
stem
in Coal Res
o
u
r
ce
Exploi
ta
tion
En
v
i
ronmental Impact Co
mpensa
tion
As synth
e
si
s of mine
ral
reso
urce
s, mi
neral
re
so
ur
c
e
sy
st
e
m
is
r
e
st
ri
ct
ed
and
can
be
extinct
rath
er than
infinite. Therefore, wi
th
co
nt
inuou
s exploitation
of co
al resource
whi
c
h i
s
o
n
e
of the mineral
resou
r
ces, th
e entire mi
ne
ral res
ource
system presen
ts a de
crea
si
ng tren
d. Thu
s
in coal
re
so
urce expl
oita
tion environ
mental im
pa
ct
c
o
mpe
n
s
a
t
i
on,
mine
ral
re
sou
r
ce
sy
st
em
belon
gs to th
e categ
o
ry of comp
en
satio
n
obje
c
t.
2.2.5. Intere
s
t
Analy
s
is of Ecological
En
v
i
r
onment Sy
stem in Coal
Res
our
ce Exploitati
on
En
v
i
ronmental Impact Co
mpensa
tion
Exploitation of coal re
sou
r
ce
s will affect
and dama
g
e
all sphe
re
s of the earth, in whi
c
h
the mo
st di
re
ct ma
nifestati
on i
s
th
e d
a
m
age to
wa
rd
e
c
olo
g
ical e
n
vironm
ent. Exp
l
oitation of
co
al
resou
r
ces
ha
s a
gre
a
t influ
ence on
ecol
ogical envir
o
n
ment
syste
m
like l
and
a
nd pla
n
t and
i
t
will
be reflected
i
n
ha
rmful ga
s, du
st, vege
tation dete
r
io
ration, o
r
ga
ni
sm d
e
structio
n, soil e
r
o
s
io
n,
grou
nd
wate
r disorder, e
t
c. Therefore
,
in c
oal
re
source expl
oitation environ
mental imp
a
c
t
comp
en
satio
n
, ecolo
g
ical environ
ment
system b
e
lon
g
s to the category of com
pen
sation o
b
j
e
ct
and is o
ne of the most imp
o
rtant compe
n
satio
n
obje
c
ts.
3. Analy
s
is of
D
y
namic Game
for Stak
ehol
der in Co
al Res
ourc
e
Exploita
tion
En
v
i
ronmental Impact Co
mpensa
tion
Among sta
k
e
holde
rs in
co
al re
sou
r
ce e
x
ploitation en
vironme
n
tal impact
comp
e
n
satio
n
,
govern
m
ent
and
co
al mi
ne e
n
terpri
se
are the
mo
st
imp
o
rtant
one
s. In
ord
e
r to
effectiv
ely
analyze the
mech
ani
sm
of co
al reso
urce expl
oita
tion environ
mental imp
a
c
t compe
n
sa
tion,
game
analysi
s
is ne
ce
ssary for the gov
ernm
ent de
p
a
rtment in
ch
arge
and
coa
l
mine e
n
terp
rise
to guarantee
effective implementatio
n
of coal
resource expl
oitation
environ
mental impa
ct
comp
en
sat
i
o
n
.
3.1. Interfa
c
e
Contr
a
dicti
on bet
w
e
e
n
Gov
e
rnment and Coal Mi
ne Enterp
ris
e
In the proce
ss
of coal re
sou
r
ce exploi
ta
tion enviro
n
mental im
p
a
ct comp
en
sation, as
sup
e
rvisor
a
nd admi
n
ist
r
ator, the gov
ernm
ent su
p
e
rvise
s
a
nd
admini
s
trate
s
behavio
rs
of the
coal
mine
ent
erp
r
ise. Co
al
mine e
n
terp
ri
se h
a
s to
pay
a hig
h
pri
c
e
whe
n
pe
rforming the
duty of
environ
menta
l
impact
com
pen
sation, so the co
al
m
i
ne ente
r
pri
s
e prefe
r
s to
put most of i
t
s
energy into developm
ent
of economi
c
benefit rat
her than p
e
rform its due
resp
on
sibilit
y o
f
environ
menta
l
impact
com
pen
sation. While as
sp
ok
e
s
man
of the society, the go
vernme
nt has to
be re
spo
n
si
bl
e for so
ciety and environm
ent. Disa
gr
e
e
m
ent of obje
c
tives cau
s
e
s
great inte
rface
contradi
ction
betwe
en
gov
ernm
ent a
n
d
co
al min
e
e
n
te
r
p
r
i
se
in th
e
pr
oc
es
s of c
o
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
exploitation e
n
vironm
ental impact comp
ensation [5].
At the same time, in the p
r
ocess of co
al
resou
r
ce expl
oitation e
n
vironmental
imp
a
ct
com
pen
sation,
the gov
ernm
ent can
not
kno
w
cle
a
rly
about be
havi
o
rs of the
co
al mine ent
e
r
prise, so the
r
e is inform
ation asymm
e
try, which ma
kes it
easy fo
r the
coal
mine
ent
erp
r
ise that h
a
s
advant
ag
e
in info
rmatio
n to impl
eme
n
t opp
ortuni
sm,
and the gove
r
nment is fa
ce
d with moral risk.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Gam
e
Analysis between G
o
ve
rnm
ent an
d Coal Min
e
Enterpri
se in
Coal
… (MENG Zhao
-jian
)
4701
3.2. Establis
hment o
f
D
y
namic Game
Mechanism
bet
w
e
e
n G
o
v
e
rnment and Coal Min
e
Enterpris
e
i
n
Co
al Res
ource
Explo
i
tation Env
i
ronmental Impact
Com
p
ensa
tion u
nder
Incomplete I
n
formation
The gam
e be
tween g
o
vern
ment and
co
al mine ent
e
r
prise always
exists. The
coal mine
enterp
r
i
s
e it
self is
“e
con
o
m
ic m
an”,
wit
h
the
goal
of
pursuin
g m
a
ximum
self int
e
re
st. The
r
ef
ore,
for
coal
mine
ente
r
pri
s
e, i
n
the
process of
coal
re
source
exploit
a
tion, so
ci
al institutions
li
ke
so
cial
organi
zation, t
r
ad
e
asso
ciation
a
nd the
so
cial
publi
c
will
h
e
lp the
gove
r
nment
su
pervise
coal min
e
en
terpri
se to pe
rform its d
u
ty of
environm
ental impa
ct comp
en
satio
n
, but driven
by
eco
nomi
c
int
e
re
st, coal
mine e
n
terpri
se
s a
nd
so
ci
al in
stitutions may
con
s
pi
re to
cheat t
h
e
govern
m
ent i
n
the imple
m
entati
on p
r
o
c
ess of enviro
n
mental im
p
a
ct compe
n
sation, whil
e the
govern
m
ent
will have to p
a
y a high co
st if it supervi
ses coal min
e
enterp
r
i
s
e tog
e
ther
with so
cial
institution
s
. Wheth
e
r the
govern
m
ent condu
cts extra
inspe
c
tion fo
r coal mi
ne e
n
terp
rise’s jo
b of
environ
menta
l
impa
ct co
m
pen
sation i
n
the p
r
o
c
e
ss
of coal
re
so
urce exploitation
depe
nd
s on
the
insp
ectio
n
co
st and lo
ss.
Based
on the
angle of
dyn
a
mic g
a
me, profit and e
c
onomi
c
ratio
n
a
lity
of the govern
m
ent’s
supe
rvision be
hav
ior wa
s an
alyzed in this pa
p
e
r.
3.2.1. Game Order be
t
w
e
e
n Gov
e
rnment and
Coal
Mine Enterp
rise
There i
s
m
u
lti-sig
nalin
g g
a
m
e b
e
twe
en
govern
m
ent
(
S
) a
nd
co
al mi
ne e
n
terpri
se
(
R
),
and obvio
us
“inform
a
tion
asymmet
r
y” e
x
ists between
R
and
S
.
S
Knows its supe
rvision level
j
in coal re
so
urce exploitat
i
on enviro
n
m
ental impa
ct comp
en
satio
n
while
R
cann
ot correctly
gra
s
p such in
formation.
The gam
e be
tween them o
beys the follo
wing o
r
de
r:
(1) “
N
atu
r
e
”
(
N
) takes actions to
determine
governme
n
t
S
’s type
,
12
{}
n
,,
...
.
S
kno
w
s
whi
l
e R doe
s not
; R only kno
w
s the p
r
io
rity belief
()
j
p
of
S
’s supervision
level
j
in
coal
re
so
urce
exploitation
environ
menta
l
impa
ct
com
pen
sation,
and
1
()1
n
j
j
p
.
(2)
Gov
e
rnm
ent
S
t
a
ke
s
st
rat
egi
c
act
i
on
s a
c
co
rding
t
o
j
at first, an
d delive
r
s “th
e
govern
m
ent’
s
supe
rvisio
n
degre
e
j
d
” to coal min
e
enterp
r
ise; the coal mi
ne enterpri
s
e
gene
rally
con
s
ide
r
s that “th
e
gove
r
nme
n
t’s
supe
rvisi
o
n
deg
ree
j
d
”
c
a
n r
e
flec
t th
e
gove
r
n
m
en
t’s
supervisi
on l
e
vel
j
, and
j
d
is in direct p
r
o
portion to
j
, fo
r the highe
r the governme
n
t
S
’s
sup
e
rvisi
on l
e
vel is, the
highe
r the
supervi
sion
co
st is
and th
e
gre
a
ter th
e
govern
m
ent
S
’s
sup
e
rvisi
on d
egre
e
is. Su
ppo
se that
whe
n
the
su
pervisi
on lev
e
l of the go
vernme
nt in coal
resource exploitation environm
ental im
pact
comp
ensation, the probability dist
ribution of the
sup
e
rvisi
on d
egre
e
j
d
is
:
12
{
(
|
)
,(
|
)
,
.
.
.
,(
|
)
}
jj
j
j
j
pd
p
d
pd
, and it is in line with
1
(|
)
1
n
jj
j
pd
.
(3)
After
th
e coal mine ent
erp
r
ise
R
kno
w
s gove
r
nm
ent
’s
sup
e
rvisi
o
n deg
re
e
j
d
, i
t
will get the
posteri
o
r
probability
~
(|
)
jj
pp
d
from t
he prior
probability
~
(|
)
jj
pp
d
, and
take corre
s
po
nding a
c
tion
kK
, in which
K
is the actio
n
sp
a
c
e of
R
, and
K
={i
llegal, legal}.
Whe
n
j
d
keep
s at a high lev
e
l, if the coal
mine ente
r
p
r
i
s
e
R
violates the rul
e
, the situation of
profit lo
ss an
d even
deficit
may o
c
cur;
Whe
n
j
d
keeps
at a low level
,
if
R
takes
some illegal
action
s, it may probably ea
rn so
me profits witho
u
t getting puni
shm
e
nt for illegal a
c
tion
s.
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
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TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 8, August 2013: 4698 –
4704
4702
3.2.2. Basic
H
y
potheses
of Game be
tw
e
e
n
Gov
e
rnment and
Coal Mine Enterprise
Acco
rdi
ng to
gene
ral o
r
de
r of the game
,
a signali
ng
game m
odel
betwe
en
S
and
R
can b
e
built a
nd the followi
ng pre
m
ise h
y
potheses a
r
e set for this
model [8]:
(1) Thi
s
is inf
i
nite repe
ated
game;
(2) Both the
govern
m
ent
S
and the coal
mine ente
r
pri
s
e
R
have sufficient ratio
nali
t
y;
(3) At the
initial stag
e,
the coal min
e
ente
r
pri
s
e
R
doe
s
not
kno
w
the
type of
govern
m
ent
S
, and it only
has th
e pri
o
ri
ty belief
()
i
p
of
S
’s type; mean
while
S
doe
s not
kno
w
the viol
ation pro
babil
i
ty
(|
)
jj
pk
d
of
R
either;
(4) After the
first
stage,
R
can obtai
n
the po
steri
o
r probability
~
(|
)
j
j
p
pd
of
govern
m
ent
S
’s type accordi
ng to
S
’s sup
e
rvision de
gree
at
the previ
ous
stag
e, and
S
can
also
know the violation probability
j
of
R
at the previou
s
stage;
(5)
Both
R
an
d
S
can
de
cide
their
actio
n
s
at the n
e
xt st
age
acco
rdin
g to info
rmati
o
n
gaine
d from the previo
us
stage;
(6) T
he eq
uil
i
brium fu
nctio
n
of
R
and
S
de
pend
s o
n
S
’s supervisi
on probability
j
on
R
and
R
’s v
i
olation probability
j
;
S
’s supervi
sion
probability
j
an
d
R
’s violation
probability
j
converg
e
towa
rd the equili
brium state.
For stu
d
y in the followi
ng p
a
rt, the following definition
s
are given [9]:
Definition
1: The p
e
rfe
c
t
Bayesian
eq
uilib
riu
m
of sup
e
rvisi
on and re
strictio
n
mod
e
l
betwe
en
governm
ent a
n
d
co
al min
e
enterp
r
i
s
e in
co
al resource
exploitatio
n
environme
n
tal
impact comp
ensation is the com
b
inati
on of strate
gic mixing
**
((
)
,
(
)
)
dk
and
po
steri
o
r
probability
~
(|
)
pp
d
, and it meets:
(1)
~
*
2
()
a
r
g
m
a
x
(
/
)
(
,
,
)
d
kd
p
d
v
d
k
;
(2)
**
1
(
)
ar
g
m
ax
(
,
(
)
,
)
d
dv
d
k
d
;
(3)
~
(/
)
pd
i
s
o
b
tain
ed by
R
from prior probability
()
p
, the o
b
serv
ed
sign
al
d
an
d
S
’s optimal st
rategy
*
()
d
via Ba
yesian la
w (u
nder p
o
ssibl
e
situation
s
).
3.2.3. Profit Analy
s
is of Gov
e
rn
ment and Coal Mi
ne Enterp
ris
e
(1) Profit anal
ysis of co
al m
i
ne enterpri
s
e
R
Suppo
se the
profit of coal
mine ente
r
pri
s
e
R
is
1
(,
,
)
vd
k
, then
1
(
,
,
)
(
/
)(
)
(
/
)
(
/
)(
)
(
)(
)
jj
jj
jj
v
d
k
P
p
k
dp
dE
c
k
p
k
dp
dF
p
p
d
In which:
P
---Profit de
se
rved by
coal
mine e
n
terp
rise
R
after coal resource
exploitation
is
finis
h
ed;
(/
)
E
ck
---Expecte
d
cost of
co
al mi
ne e
n
terp
rise
R
after co
al
reso
urce expl
oitation
is
finis
h
ed;
(/
)
j
p
kd
---Violation
prob
ability o
f
coal mine
enterp
r
ise
when
gov
ernm
ent
S
’s
sup
e
rvisi
on d
egre
e
is
j
d
;
()
j
p
d
---Probability for government
S
’s su
pervi
si
on deg
ree to
be
j
d
;
F
---Puni
shme
n
t
of coal mine
enterp
r
is
e from the government for viol
ation.
(2) Profit ana
lysis of government
S
Suppo
se the
profit of government
S
is
2
(,
,
)
vd
k
, th
en
2
(
,
,
)
()
(
)
(
,
,
)
()
(
/
)
(
)
jj
j
j
j
vd
k
F
p
p
d
R
M
k
d
H
P
p
k
d
p
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Gam
e
Analysis between G
o
ve
rnm
ent an
d Coal Min
e
Enterpri
se in
Coal
… (MENG Zhao
-jian
)
4703
In which:
R---Profit of govern
m
ent
S
brou
ght ab
ou
t by coal resour
ce expl
oitation environ
mental
impact comp
ensation;
()
j
H
--
-Co
s
t of go
v
e
rnme
nt
S
when the
sup
e
rvisio
n level
is
j
in c
oal
r
e
sour
ce
exploitation
e
n
vironm
ental impact comp
ensation;
(,
,
)
M
kd
---Othe
r
p
r
of
its of gove
r
nment
S
bro
ught a
bout
by co
al resource
exploitation e
n
vironm
ental
impact
comp
ensation, su
ch as soci
al effect.
3.2.4. Establishment o
f
Dy
namic Game Model for
Gov
e
rnment and Coal Mi
ne Enterp
ris
e
It can
be
kno
w
n f
r
om
Definition 1
that t
he o
p
timal
ch
oice
of
co
al
mine
enterpri
s
e
R
is
to
make:
*
2
(
)
ar
g
m
ax
(
/
)
(
,
,
)
d
kd
p
d
v
d
k
Therefore:
2
1
1
ar
g
m
a
x
(
/
)
(
,
,
)
(/
)
a
r
g
m
a
x
[
(
)
(
/
)
()
(
/
)
(
/
)
()
(
)
()
]
()
ar
g
m
ax
(
/
)
[
(
/
)
(
/
)
(
/
)
(
)
]
d
n
ij
j
jj
j
j
j
d
i
i
n
ij
j
j
j
d
i
pd
v
d
k
pd
P
p
k
d
pd
E
c
k
p
k
d
p
d
F
p
pd
pd
p
d
P
p
kd
E
c
k
p
kd
F
p
Formul
a (1
)
Again, it can be kn
own fro
m
Definition 1
that the optimal choi
ce of
governm
ent
S
is
:
**
1
()
a
r
g
m
a
x
(
,
(
)
,
)
d
dv
d
k
d
Therefore:
*
1
ar
g
m
ax
(
,
(
)
,
)
ar
g
m
ax
[
(
)
(
)
(
,
,
)
(
)
(
/
)
(
)
]
j
jj
j
j
dd
v
d
k
d
F
p
pd
R
M
k
d
H
P
pk
d
p
d
Formul
a (2
)
It can b
e
o
b
tained
by getti
ng the fi
rst-order
pa
rtial de
rivative of
(/
)
j
p
kd
according
to
Formul
a (1
) a
nd setting the
partial de
riva
tive as 0:
*
(/
)
(/
)
j
P
pk
d
Ec
k
Formul
a (3
)
In which:
P
---Re
w
a
r
d
profit of co
al m
i
ne e
n
terp
ri
se
R
w
h
en
go
ve
r
n
me
n
t
S
’s su
pervisi
on l
e
vel
is
It can be obta
i
ned by gettin
g
the first-o
r
d
e
r pa
rtial deri
v
ative of
j
in Formul
a (2
):
()
(
,
,
)
(/
)
(
)
()
(
)
jj
jj
j
jj
HM
k
d
P
pd
F
p
d
pp
Therefore, th
e perfe
ct Bayesia
n
equilib
ri
um of this mo
del ca
n be ga
ined:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 8, August 2013: 4698 –
4704
4704
*
~
**
*
(,
)
(
,
(
/
),
(
/
))
(
,
,
)
(/
)
(
)
P
pd
pk
d
p
d
Ec
k
p
d
3.2.5. Analy
s
is and
Con
c
lusion of
Dy
namic Game Model for
Gov
e
rnment and Coal M
i
ne
Enterpris
e
(1) If govern
m
ent
S
’s supervision
level
is low, then:
(,
,
)
(
)
(/
)
(
)
()
()
jj
jj
j
jj
Mk
d
H
Pp
d
F
p
d
pp
This m
ean
s t
hat the ma
rgi
nal in
come
o
f
governm
ent
S
’s supervision is less than the
profit o
b
taine
d
by
co
al mi
ne e
n
terpri
se
R
, sho
w
in
g th
a
t
unde
r th
e
si
tuation of
lo
w su
pe
rvisio
n
level, the optimal strate
gy of governm
en
t
S
is
to remov
e
s
u
pervis
ion [10].
(2) If govern
m
ent
S
’s supervision
level
is high, then:
(,
,
)
(
)
(/
)
(
)
()
(
)
jj
jj
j
jj
Mk
d
H
Pp
d
F
p
d
pp
This mea
n
s t
hat the
ma
rgi
nal in
co
me
o
f
government
S
’s supervision is
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
profit obtain
e
d
by co
al min
e
enterpri
s
e
R
; in this
c
a
s
e
,
c
oal mine enterprise
R
will be puni
sh
ed
for violation
a
nd d
e
crea
se
i
t
s p
r
ofit. At this time, th
e o
p
timal
choi
ce
of coal
mine
enterp
r
i
s
e
R
is
not to violate the rule
s.
4. Conclusio
n
Coal resou
r
ces devel
opm
ent environ
m
ent e
ffect of compe
n
sation is an im
portant
measure to
realize the
su
staina
ble d
e
velopme
n
t of
the coal in
du
stry. In the
p
r
acti
ce
of co
al
resou
r
ces d
e
velopme
n
t
environ
ment
influen
ce
compen
satio
n
wo
rk, invol
v
ing sta
k
e
h
o
l
ders
more, in whi
c
h the gove
r
nment and
coal enterpr
i
s
es are the main two st
ake
hold
e
rs. The
govern
m
ent i
n
ord
e
r to g
uara
n
tee the
coal
re
sou
r
ce
s develo
p
m
ent enviro
n
m
ent influen
ce
comp
en
satio
n
work
re
sult
s, on
the
on
e
han
d
we
mu
st st
ren
g
then
the
co
nstruction of th
eir
o
w
n
regul
atory ca
pacity, impro
v
e the government sta
ff capa
city and servi
c
e
q
uality; on the other
hand, ne
ed
in the syste
m
con
s
tru
c
ti
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th
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f
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se
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developm
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