TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.5, May 2014, pp
. 3928 ~ 39
3
5
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomni
ka.v12i5.4110
3928
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 2
0
, 201
3; Revi
se
d Decem
b
e
r
8, 2013; Accepte
d
Jan
uary 4, 2014
Urban Planning Support System Based on Three
Dimensional GIS
Yu Kanhu
a
Coll
eg
e of Architecture, Ch
an
g’a
n
Univ
ersit
y
, 71006
1
email: yuk
anh
u
a_2
00
9@1
63.c
o
m
A
b
st
r
a
ct
In this study, the theory of techno
logy a
n
a
l
y
s
is
and dec
o
m
positi
on of the
3-D (three di
mensi
ona
l)
visual
i
z
a
t
i
on of
GIS (Geograp
hic Infor
m
ati
o
n
System) ar
e a
naly
z
e
d
, it div
i
des the
3-D vi
suali
z
a
t
io
n of
GIS
into v
i
rtual
re
ali
t
y techno
lo
gy,
and
it
prese
n
ts situat
i
o
n
an
d
d
e
vel
o
p
m
e
n
t tre
nd
of 3-D
vis
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
io
n
of GIS. It
studies th
e ur
ban
mode
l of
3-D d
a
ta ac
qu
isition
an
d
pr
o
c
essin
g
, the cl
assificati
on of
urba
n 3-D s
p
a
c
e
infor
m
ati
on d
a
ta and s
u
mmar
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
of the characte
r
i
stics of urban
3-D s
patia
l data ar
e
mad
e
, an
d the
three di
mensi
o
nal terrai
n
data
,
buildi
ng p
l
an
e and b
u
il
di
n
g
elev
ation d
a
ta access, bui
ldi
n
g surface textu
r
e
are als
o
ana
ly
z
e
d
.
The hig
h
resol
u
tion sate
llite re
mote se
nsin
g data pro
c
essin
g
techn
o
logy a
nd avi
a
ti
o
n
remote sens
in
g data pr
ocess
i
ng tech
nol
ogy i
s
studied,
a
nd
the data
acqu
is
ition a
nd pr
oce
ssing tech
no
lo
gy
of airbor
ne 3-
D
ima
ger a
l
so ar
e introd
uce
d
T
h
is pa
per
h
a
s solve
d
the visu
ali
z
a
t
i
on
of 3-D
GIS data mod
e
l
and vis
u
a
l
pro
b
le
m i
n
the co
nstruction
of the 3-D terra
in
a
nd ex
pressi
on
of choic
e
of bu
ildi
ngs, a
nd it i
s
t
o
find s
u
itab
le
mode
lin
g ro
ute,
and
in
ord
e
r to
provi
des
a
refe
rence
bas
is i
n
reali
z
a
t
io
n of
3
-
D visu
ali
z
at
io
n
of
GIS. Visuali
z
a
t
i
on of 3-D mod
e
l of the theory
and metho
d
a
r
e studie
d
in th
e urba
n constr
uction, accor
d
i
n
g
to the 3D visu
a
l
i
z
a
t
io
n in GIS and it pro
pos
e
d
the tw
o kinds
of 3-D visual
i
z
ation
mo
del
of GIS technolo
g
y
.
Ke
y
w
ords
: urban Planning, s
upp
ort system
,
three dim
e
ns
ional, GIS, visu
al
Copy
right
©
201
4 In
stitu
t
e
o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g an
d
Scien
ce. All righ
ts reser
ved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Mode
rn
com
puter te
chn
o
l
ogy provid
e
s
im
po
rtant
techni
cal suppo
rt
for massive
informatio
n storage, m
a
n
ageme
n
t an
d pro
c
e
s
sing
in the field
of urba
n pl
annin
g
. As the
limitations of
the tra
d
itional
two
-
dime
nsi
onal
GIS
in
the d
a
ta
stru
cture
and
form
, thus the th
ree-
dimen
s
ion
a
l visuali
z
ation
of
GIS
no
w g
r
adu
ally
pl
ay
an im
porta
nt
role
and
b
e
co
me a
n
imp
o
rt
ant
part of digital
city con
s
tru
c
tion [1-3]. Three-di
me
n
s
ion
a
l visuali
z
atio
n is an imp
o
rtant part of 3-D
GIS; it is also the diffe
ren
c
e of fe
ature
betwe
en 3
-
D
GIS and
2-D
GIS. The digi
tal re
sea
r
ch
of
three
-
dime
nsi
onal ge
ograp
hic informatio
n system
of
city, and the applying of 3
-
D visu
alization
and information que
ry and
manage
men
t
technolo
g
y in the con
s
tru
c
tion of digita
l city, will lead
the de
sign
of urba
n lan
d
scap
e situ
a
t
ion and
pla
nning
be b
a
s
ed
on 3
-
D physi
cal m
odel
expre
ssi
on a
nd in 3-D sp
ace form [4]. It can
make
s the policy
-
make
rs, desi
gners, and u
s
ers
have a vivid and intuitive und
erstand
ing and
more profo
und
unde
rsta
ndin
g
and a
bout
th
e
pre
s
ent situ
ation of urba
n land
scape pla
nning an
d
the desig
n blue
print, thus it can bro
ade
n the
urba
n pla
nni
ng, desi
gn,
and the p
e
rspective of m
anag
ement,
and ma
ke th
e desi
gn of
city
planni
ng,
infrastru
c
tu
re m
o
re
scie
ntific, it has
imp
o
rtant sig
n
ifican
ce for u
r
ban su
stain
a
b
le
developm
ent resea
r
ch [5-7
].
2. Ke
y
Techniques in th
e 3-D Visu
alizatio
n of GIS
Re
sea
r
ch of 3-D vi
suali
z
at
ion of GIS techn
o
logy, is t
he preconditi
on of its appli
c
ation in
urba
n pla
nnin
g
. 3-D vi
suali
z
ation te
ch
no
logy invo
lves
three
-
dime
nsi
onal, visu
alization an
d GI
S.
Therefore, th
e 3-D vi
suali
z
ation of GI
S can be
lo
oke
d
as the
combi
nation
of three ki
nd
s of
techn
o
logy,
whi
c
h
ha
s th
e fun
c
tion
of 3-D vis
uali
z
ation of
geo
g
r
aphi
c i
n
form
ation system;
its
core p
a
rt is th
e geo
gra
phi
c
informatio
n system. In
this pape
r, the
concept of 3
-
D visuali
z
ation
of
GIS incl
ude
s
so-call
ed
2.5
D
-GIS, VR a
n
d
GIS, an
d
ca
n a
c
hieve
a
d
eepe
r inte
ra
ct
ion of
3-D
GIS.
Urb
an
3-D G
I
S have gain
ed the
attentions
of pe
opl
e, but its
pla
nning
appli
c
a
t
ion is limite
d
[7-
10].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Urb
an Plan
ning Suppo
rt System
Base
d
on Three Dim
ensi
onal GIS (Yu Kanhu
a
)
3929
In auxiliary pl
annin
g
proce
ss,
the limitati
on of thre
e-di
mensi
o
nal
ge
ogra
p
hi
c information
system
is the
persp
ective
of virt
ual
real
ity, bring th
e
person
is a
kind of vi
sual
effect, the
GIS
data man
age
ment, analysi
s
of data an
d query fun
c
tio
n
s a
r
e covere
d. So the 3-D visualization
of
GIS in the
u
r
ban
plan
ning
sh
ould
p
r
ovi
de
com
p
re
he
nsive i
n
form
a
t
ion to th
e u
s
ers,
an
d
sho
u
ld
sup
port th
e
urba
n pl
anni
ng p
r
o
c
e
ss.
Com
p
a
r
ed
with real
en
tity 3-D
city model, th
re
e-
dimen
s
ion
a
l
urba
n g
eog
raphi
c info
rm
ation
syst
em
is e
qual
s
to 3-D
city model
+p
roj
e
ct
informatio
n +
efficient data
stora
ge an
d manag
em
e
n
t, plannin
g
and
analysi
s
functions [11-13].
If from
comp
uter-aide
d
d
e
c
isi
on-ma
king
level
of
intel
ligen
ce to
un
derstand
the
GIS in
urba
n plan
ning, it can be
understoo
d as the followi
ng three leve
ls, the first level is the sp
atial
databa
se, it is the basi
c
re
quire
ment
s space to sea
r
ch; The se
con
d
level is based on the sp
a
t
ial
databa
se
ap
p
lication
sy
ste
m
, ba
sed
on
the spatia
l
an
alysis,
su
ch
a
s
a
u
xiliary
cit
y
planni
ng
an
d
desi
gn (CA
D
)
ba
sed on GIS,
the
urb
an planni
ng
offi
ce autom
ation
(OA),
etc.; T
h
ird l
e
vel is o
n
the ba
si
s of
the first t
w
o
levels
of exp
e
rt
sy
st
em
(
E
S
)
,
De
cisi
o
n
S
upp
ort
S
y
st
em,
De
ci
s
i
on
Suppo
rt Systems, etc., su
ch a
s
urb
an p
l
anni
n
g
and
manag
eme
n
t expert sy
ste
m
, etc [14-15]
.
Many researche
r
s have
been
develo
ped
3-D
GIS
prototype
system, thus l
ead
s the
appli
c
ation
of
the
3-D GIS
techn
o
logy i
n
the field
of m
i
neral
resources admi
n
istra
t
ion,
digital city
and many ot
her field
s
. Kavoura
s
an
d Masry from
the Can
ada
's university of New Bru
n
swick
develop
ed th
e evalu
a
tion
of mine
ral
re
source
s
and
m
i
ning
of 3
-
D
GIS prototyp
e sy
stem i
n
1
987.
Ro
st
oc
k
Univ
ersit
y
,
u
n
iv
er
sit
y
of
Stuttg
art, Ge
rma
n
y re
se
arch
in
stitutions n
o
w ma
ke th
e j
o
int
resea
r
ch of
3-D GIS in
t
he a
ppli
c
atio
n of di
gi
tal
city model. T
h
e
spatial
ob
jects of
city
are
cla
ssifie
d
an
d digital urb
an simul
a
tion
system is
e
s
tabli
s
he
d, the infrast
r
u
c
tu
re of the urb
an
(incl
udin
g
ho
use
s
, roa
d
s,
gree
n sp
ace, etc.)
can ea
si
ly be querie
d, analyze
d
an
d displ
a
yed.
Becau
s
e the
GIS involve
s
very wide
knowl
edg
e, includin
g
a
s
tron
omy, geogra
phy,
geolo
g
y, urb
a
n
con
s
tru
c
tio
n
, enviro
n
me
ntal a
s
sessm
e
nt, etc., while at the
sa
me
time, the GI
S is
a new e
dge
disci
pline, i
t
relates to
grap
hics, manag
eme
n
t scie
n
ce, compute
r
sci
e
nce,
discipline
s
of surveyin
g an
d
ma
pping
science
a
nd
so
on. Expert
s
from different fi
elds can
ma
ke
study of tru
e
3D GIS a
c
co
rding to
cha
r
a
c
teri
stic
s of t
heir
own di
scipline. Th
e th
ree
dimen
s
io
nal
visual g
eog
ra
phic information
system i
s
just
sh
ow
n
as Fi
gu
re 1, i
t
involves di
g
i
tal ortho
g
ra
p
h
y
map (DOM), digital
terrai
n model (DEM),
digital
lin
e d
r
aw dia
g
ram
(DLG
) a
nd
dig
i
tal ra
ster gra
ph
(DRG
). The system com
b
i
nes the 3
-
D
visuali
z
ati
on tech
nolo
g
y, visual reality and virtual rea
lity
techn
o
logy, and re
app
ea
r the real sit
uation of the
manage
men
t
environme
n
t, all managed
obje
c
ts
are p
u
t into
a true t
h
ree
-
dim
e
n
s
i
onal
wo
rld,
a
nd fulfill the
sense of
“Wha
t you
see
is what
you get”, just
as sho
w
n Fig
u
re 2
Figure 1. VRMap Interfa
c
e
Figure 2. The
Solution of IMAGIS
3. Acquisitio
n
and Proce
ssing of Urb
a
n 3-D Da
ta
As kn
own th
at the data is the basi
s
of GIS,
the spa
c
e informatio
n data of urb
a
n three
dimen
s
ion
a
l
have diffe
rent
types, th
e inf
o
rmatio
n a
c
q
u
isition
an
d p
r
ocessin
g
of the d
a
ta
has i
t
s
own cha
r
a
c
t
e
risti
cs, so
the
re
sea
r
ch of
data
acq
u
i
sition an
d proce
s
sing met
hod of 3-D city
model is ve
ry nece
s
sary.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
0
46
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3928 – 39
35
3930
3.1. Three Di
mensional Space Info
rmation of
Cit
y
Urb
an
re
sid
e
n
tial environ
ment is relati
vely
con
c
e
n
trated a
r
ea
s
o
n
the
earth
's su
rfa
c
e;
they are
al
so
the ne
ce
ssary prod
uctio
n
and living
spa
c
e fo
r u
r
ba
n
peopl
e
. Urba
n spa
c
e i
s
b
a
s
ed
on the
surfa
c
e, a
nd
extend
s into
th
e ai
r a
nd
u
nderground
slightly, thu
s
it is the th
ree
-
dimen
s
ion
a
l space.
As a re
sult,
the urb
a
n
spa
c
e ca
n
be divid
ed int
o
thre
e p
a
rt
s, the
surfa
c
e, t
he
grou
nd an
d underground,
accordingly u
r
ban te
rrai
n
can be divided
into surfa
c
e terrai
n
, grou
n
d
obje
c
ts on th
e grou
nd.
3.2 Classific
a
tion of 3
-
D
Spatial Infor
m
ation Da
ta
The 3-D visu
alizatio
n GIS of the city ca
n
be summa
rized a
s
six categori
e
s: lan
d
scap
e,
vegetation, draina
ge, roa
d
s
, re
si
dent
s and state. And the import
ant position i
s
the land
scape
and
re
sident
s. Therefo
r
e, t
he three-dim
ensi
onal
s
p
a
c
e of th
e city
planni
ng inf
o
rmatio
n can
be
summ
ari
z
ed
as 3
-
D te
rra
i
n, 3-D
buil
d
ing
s
and
surface texture image
dat
a
. In the 3-D
visuali
z
ation
of GIS, the l
and
scape
is
rep
r
e
s
ent
e
d
i
n
the fo
rm
o
f
the digital
elevation m
o
de
l
(DEM
) perfo
rmance, re
sid
ents is
rep
r
e
s
ented by the 3-D b
u
ildin
gs.
Digital m
ap i
s
the con
c
ent
rated reflectio
n
of
multi-so
u
r
ce
data.
Digi
tal map i
s
sto
r
ed
on
comp
uter h
a
rd disks, flopp
y diskette
s, optical di
sk
s o
r
tape
s in the digital map
,
its content i
s
rep
r
e
s
ente
d
throu
gh digital
data, it needs to u
s
e sp
eciali
ze
d co
mputer
software for th
e di
gital
displ
a
y, read,
sea
r
ch, mod
i
fication, an
al
ysis a
nd o
u
tp
ut. The data
of city pre
s
e
n
t situation
a
nd
the urb
an pl
a
nning
are i
n
the form
of di
gital m
ap d
a
ta stored in th
e datab
ase. Digital ma
p types
mainly have: digital line g
r
aph
(DLG
), digital ra
ster
grap
h (DRG),
digital ortho
gonal p
r
oje
c
ti
on
map (DOM
), digital elevati
on mod
e
l (DEM) and di
gital buildin
g m
odel, digital p
i
peline mo
del
and
panel d
a
ta, etc.
Digital line
graph (DL
G
) i
s
to abstract
sp
ace
ent
ities di
rectly with
poi
n
ts, line
s
and
plane,
and ad
opts t
he co
ordi
nat
es to de
scrib
e
the locati
o
n
and shape
of it. DLG is the images
after
scanni
ng and
geometri
c correctio
n
, it
is the vector
data file of
the quanti
z
atio
n, and it can
be
conve
n
iently
amplified a
nd su
perpo
si
tion of r
oam
ing, query, retrieval, mea
s
ureme
n
t, map,
facilitate strati
fication, and i
t
can be abl
e to quickly gen
erate them
atic map.
Figure 3. Digi
tal Elevation
Model
Figure 4. Digi
tal Raste
r
Ma
p
Figure 5. Digi
tal Orthoph
oto
Map
Digital rast
er
gra
ph (DRG
)
is all
sort
s
of pape
r m
e
dium
scale t
opog
r
ap
hic
map a
nd
profe
ssi
onal
digital pro
d
u
c
ts. It is the data file
after scanni
ng, ge
ometri
c co
rre
c
tion an
d col
o
r
corre
c
tion, fo
rmed o
n
the
content, ge
om
etric
accu
ra
cy
and colo
r consi
s
tent with
the
top
ograp
hic
map of rast
er. DRG dat
a can be u
s
ed a
s
a
b
a
ckgroun
d referen
c
e o
r
other ge
ogra
phic
informatio
n revision, it
ca
n al
so b
e
u
s
ed in th
e inte
gration
with
DOM
and
DEM data, an
d thu
s
derive the ne
w visual info
rmation, so a
s
to
extract the updating ma
p data as Fig
u
re 3.
DEM digital
elevation mo
del (DEM) i
s
the elev
ation value matrix
with specifi
c
rules of
proje
c
tion
pla
ne and
with i
n
terval level
of spa
c
e, the
level interval
of DEM is a
c
cordi
ng to t
h
e
land
scape a
n
d
the DEM ap
plicatio
n ca
n be co
nverted
to contou
r ma
p.
Perspe
ctive, profile, an
d
variou
s them
atic
data
as sho
w
n i
n
Figure 4. Numeri
cal
proje
c
tive ma
p applie
s the digital aerial
photog
rap
h
a
nd high
-re
sol
u
tion satellite
remote se
nsi
ng
image data,
t
h
rou
gh geom
etric co
rrectio
n
an
d
mo
sa
i
c
ope
ration,
a
n
d g
ene
rate
a certain
sco
p
e
proje
c
tive d
a
t
a. It also
h
a
s th
e im
ag
e of
geom
etry preci
s
io
n
of ma
p
an
d
image
features.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
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ISSN:
2302-4
046
Urb
an Plan
ning Suppo
rt System
Base
d
on Three Dim
ensi
onal GIS (Yu Kanhu
a)
3931
Comp
ared wi
th the traditio
nal line d
r
a
w
i
ng, DOM h
a
s rich info
rmati
on, expre
s
s intuitive features,
can al
so
and
the tradition
al line drawi
n
g pha
se
co
m
posite, an
d fo
rm the vario
u
s themati
c
m
ap,
and ta
ke it a
s
a graphi
cal
a
nalysi
s
of the
backg
rou
nd l
a
yer. Combin
ed with th
e DOM an
d DEM
,
the terrai
n
informatio
n more intuitive, can reflec
t the
surface co
nditi
on as
sho
w
n i
n
the Figure 5.
Digital mod
e
l building often
is prod
uced
by t
he two ca
se
s in gene
ra
l. One is the usin
g of
3-D m
odelin
g
software, su
ch a
s
3 D M
AX, CAD tec
hnolo
g
y, which is often use
d
in architect
u
ral
desi
gn
and
p
l
annin
g
an
d
desi
gn
of thi
s
mo
delin
g
method. T
h
e
se
co
nd m
e
thod i
s
to
u
s
e the
point, line an
d su
rface inf
o
rmatio
n in the exis
ting G
I
S systems a
nd the heig
h
t of building a
n
d
thus
esta
blish thre
e-dime
nsio
nal m
o
d
e
l directly
. In
3-D b
u
ildin
g
su
rface texture
map, it
can
achi
eve the realisti
c re
sult.
4. Three Dim
e
nsional Sp
atial Da
ta Ac
cess
4.1. Acquisition of 3-D Te
rrain Da
ta
Digital 3
-
D te
rrai
n
data
ca
n be divide
d into ve
ctor
d
a
ta and
raste
r
data. Vecto
r
data i
s
gene
rally divi
ded i
n
to th
re
e cl
asse
s
of
point, line,
su
rface;
it mainl
y
refers to
th
e contou
r ve
ctor,
vector, ve
cto
r
ge
og
raphi
c eleme
n
ts, te
rrai
n
featu
r
e
points,
and t
h
rea
d
b
o
x or discrete latti
ce
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n of digital el
evation mod
e
l
(DEM
).
The
Terrain visu
alizatio
n is th
e study of
DEM
displ
a
y, simpl
i
fy and simul
a
tion and
so
on, the DE
M
data is the b
a
s
is of 3
D terrain model.
Due
to the visual unity and scala
bility of
digita
l 3 D terrain mainly
depend
s on
the quality
and
accuracy of DEM, so the vector dat
a and
raste
r
dat
a a
r
e the most im
portant pa
rt in DEM.
No
w in th
e th
ree
-
dime
nsi
o
nal mo
del
of the ci
ty, there
are
several
obtainin
g
met
hod
s of
DEM.
1. Using
the
2-D GIS in
th
e DEM,
as th
e mo
del th
ro
ugh th
e m
e
a
s
ured
elevati
on p
o
ints
of irreg
u
lar t
r
iangl
e net (Trian
gulate
d
Irreg
u
lar
Net
w
ork, TIN) a
nd thus the
pre
c
isi
on is t
he
highe
st, but the disadvant
age is that sp
eed of acce
ss and u
pdate
is too slo
w
.
2. Throug
h the digital phot
ogra
mmetri
c
syst
em, the a
e
rial ph
otography can b
e
formed,
this ki
nd of
acce
ss i
s
li
mited by scannin
g
re
sol
u
tion and
m
easurin
g met
hod, preci
s
io
n of
mappin
g
will
be affected, b
u
t the access spee
d will be
improved.
3. As the di
rect
scanni
n
g
airb
orn
e
l
a
se
r
sca
nnin
g
system
ob
tains the inf
o
rmatio
n
throug
h the
sub
s
e
que
nt pro
c
e
ssi
ng. Its adva
n
tage
is that it can
dire
ctly mea
s
ure the
gro
u
n
d
elevation, wit
hout huma
n
intervent
ion a
nd ha
s fast a
u
tomatic data
processin
g
a
b
ility; its acce
ss
spe
ed i
s
very
quickly. The
weath
e
r
has l
i
ttle influence
on it; its sho
r
tcoming
is l
o
w a
c
curacy,
and
need
s the sp
ecial p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng algo
rithm.
4. Thro
ugh
synthetic ap
erture rada
r (S
AR)
di
gital el
evation mod
e
l ca
n be o
b
tained.
Advantage i
s
that no matte
r the nig
h
t or
the day and t
he influen
ce
of the we
athe
r, it resolution
is
high, but the
cost of data
acqui
sition i
s
very
high,
now it is not
easy to be
prom
oted in
the
actually ap
plication.
4.2. Remote
Sensing Da
ta Acquisi
tion Method o
f
3D Ur
ban Da
ta
Urb
an
3-D remote
sen
s
i
ng info
rmatio
n is
one
of the spotlight
s; the re
mote
sen
s
in
g
techn
o
logy of
getting u
r
b
a
n
3-D
rem
o
te
se
nsin
g info
rmation b
e
co
mes
one
of t
he hot i
s
sue
s
o
f
resea
r
ch. Urban 3
-
D re
m
o
te se
nsi
ng i
n
formatio
n can be
wid
e
ly use
d
in u
r
b
an pla
nnin
g
and
desi
gn, the m
onitorin
g
of urbani
zation, th
e mode
rn
i
z
ati
on of the city manag
eme
n
t, city building
s
.
The three
-
di
mensi
onal inf
o
rmatio
n is a
l
so one of
th
e key inform
ation of virtual city. At present
becau
se of
the economi
c
an
d so
cial
developm
en
t of city, th
e sp
eed of
cha
nge al
so
is
accele
rated,
many ap
plications ne
ed
s efficient
urb
an 3
D
i
n
formation. Th
e
develo
p
men
t
of
“digital
city” requires
obtai
ning city information
mo
re
efficiently. The usin
g ge
ne
ral metho
d
s
and
mean
s su
ch as artificial
g
r
oun
d su
rveying,
ae
ri
al
su
rvey nee
d to
invest
a lot
of ma
npo
wer,
material, sl
o
w
sp
eed,
whi
l
e the effect is not
satisfa
c
tory, and it does n
o
t match with the u
r
ban
developm
ent
spee
d. The
r
efore, the tradition
al
me
thod is difficult to meet the appli
c
ati
o
n
requi
rem
ents.
Usi
ng
satell
ite remote
sensi
ng a
nd
airbo
r
n
e
re
m
o
te se
nsi
ng
can
obtain
h
i
gh
resolution d
a
t
a; airborne 3-D ima
ge can refle
c
t
accurate re
al-ti
m
e three
-
dim
ensi
onal po
si
tion
and
sp
ect
r
u
m
of g
r
o
u
n
d
info
rmatio
n, and
it
ca
n gu
arantee
acqui
si
tion of
3-D structure
informatio
n complete in a
sho
r
t time, thus it
can m
e
e
t
the needs of
the fast urba
n developm
e
n
t.
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046
TELKOM
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KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3928 – 39
35
3932
4.3. Modular High Resolu
tion Satellite
Remote Sen
s
ing Data Pr
ocessin
g
The appli
c
ati
on of high re
solutio
n
satel
lite remo
te sensi
ng data i
n
city has ju
st started,
because
the developm
ent of
high resol
u
tion satellite remote sensin
g is in recent years,
such as
IKONOS, SPOT, QUICKBI
RD and the successful la
unch and operation of com
m
ercial sat
e
llites.
Whe
n
the IKONOS
satellit
e laun
ch to o
r
bit in
the aut
umn of 19
99,
it opened
a new e
r
a of
sp
ace
imaging. Th
e
high re
soluti
on imagin
g
reco
nnai
ssan
ce satellite is
only dedicate
d to the military
field. But, with the laun
chi
ng of satellite
,
anyone ca
n
orde
r bla
ck
and white image taken fro
m
681
km hig
h
space with 1
m
resolution. T
hese imag
es
are tran
smitted in digital
way, som
e
time
s
you can get i
n
a few hou
rs. Urb
an pla
n
ners ca
n us
e
it to determine wh
ere to
build ne
w ro
a
d
s
;
high-re
solutio
n
satellite da
ta can play
an impo
rtant
role in urba
n planni
ng, map upd
ate, its
processi
ng can
according to
satellit
e data processing method and
airborne rem
o
te
sensing data
pro
c
e
ssi
ng m
e
thod, the proce
s
sing
met
hod a
s
sh
own in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Satellite Remote
Sensing Data Processing
4.4. Data
Ac
quisition an
d Processin
g
of Urb
a
n Airborne 3
D
Imager
Airborne 3
-
D
image
r is
a kind of la
se
r scan
ning
and i
m
aging
syste
m
, it is co
nsi
s
ted o
f
four mai
n
p
a
rts, the
G
PS receiver,
positio
n m
easure
m
ent
device
(INS
), sca
nnin
g
l
a
se
r
rang
efinde
r a
nd scanni
ng
imaging. GP
S can obtain
preci
s
e thre
e-dim
e
n
s
iona
l of 3-D ima
ger
positio
n in the air; Attitude measu
r
em
e
n
t devic
e ca
n
measu
r
e 3
-
D imagin
g
po
sture p
a
ra
me
ters
in the air; S
c
annin
g
laser
rangefin
der
ca
n mea
s
u
r
e
p
r
eci
s
e di
stan
ce from the
3D image
r point
to
grou
nd. A
c
co
rding
to the
prin
ciple
of g
eometry
th
e t
h
ree
-
dim
e
n
s
i
onal
po
sition
of the la
se
r
can
be
cal
c
ulate
d
.
The
rem
o
te
sen
s
in
g ima
g
e
can
get th
rough
the
sca
nning
imag
er syn
c
h
r
oni
zat
i
on
of the g
r
ou
nd
at the
sam
e
time. The
scan ima
g
ing
a
nd scannin
g
l
a
se
r ran
gefin
der sh
ares o
n
e
scanni
ng o
p
tical
system
a
nd form the
scanni
ng la
ser
rang
e a
n
d
the combi
n
a
t
ion of ima
g
ing
sen
s
o
r
s,
so
it ca
n e
n
sure
the la
se
r
rang
ing p
o
ints
of grou
nd stri
ct with spot poi
nt
in
the
ima
g
e
matchin
g
. In t
he p
r
o
c
e
s
sin
g
of im
age,
it
take
s the
3
D
positio
n of
th
e la
se
r a
s
co
ntrol
point
s in
the
pre
c
ise
corre
c
tion of
rem
o
te sen
s
in
g im
age
s, so
it
ca
n provide fa
st proje
c
tive figure. T
he l
a
ser
rangi
ng
point
s
can
also b
e
used to
ge
nerate
DT
M
quickly. The
pro
c
e
s
s is
a
s
sho
w
n i
n
t
h
e
Figure 6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Urb
an Plan
ning Suppo
rt System
Base
d
on Three Dim
ensi
onal GIS (Yu Kanhu
a)
3933
Figure 6. Re
mote Sensi
n
g
Image Pro
c
e
ss of the City Information
s
5. Urban Pla
nning Bas
e
d
on the GIS
If we want to
use 3
-
D visu
alizatio
n of G
I
S
in the urba
n planni
ng, th
e intera
ctive planni
ng
sup
port
sy
ste
m
is ne
ce
ssa
r
y. 3-D vi
sual
izatio
n
of
GIS urb
a
n
plan
ning
su
ppo
rt
sy
st
em
s (P
S
S
)
desi
gn is di
scussed in the
belo
w
.
5.1. Urban Planning Supp
ort Sy
stem
Bas
e
d
on 3-D Visualiza
t
ion of GIS Workflo
w
Figure 7. Urb
an Plannin
g
Suppo
rt Worki
ng Pro
c
e
ss o
f
Based on th
e GIS System
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3928 – 39
35
3934
Urb
an pla
nni
ng is compli
cated system
engin
eer
i
ng. The situatio
n
is very com
p
lex, and
there a
r
e a l
o
t of spa
c
e i
n
formatio
n a
nd un
ce
rtain
informatio
n, in the plan
nin
g
pro
c
e
s
s, it will
encounte
r
a
lot of semi-st
r
uctu
re
d a
n
d
un
stru
ctured
pro
b
lem
s
. T
he
whol
e pla
nning
ha
s th
e
characteri
stics of a comprehensive
, long-term
and variability; so
the
aided
planni
ng system of 3-
D visuali
z
atio
n of GIS must alway
s
be
used
in the
whole p
r
o
c
ess of urba
n
plannin
g
. The
workin
g process of the system is as
sho
w
n in Figu
re
7.
5.2. Principles of Urban
Planning Support Sy
st
ems based on
3-D v
i
sualization of GIS
Figure 8. Urb
an Plannin
g
Te
ch
nical System Stru
cture
System de
si
gn goal i
s
d
e
termin
ed by
task
s of pla
nning
sup
p
o
r
t system. Th
e urb
an
planni
ng te
chnical sy
ste
m
is ba
se
d
on re
gion
al
planni
ng, ov
erall pl
anni
n
g
, zoni
ng, d
e
taile
d
planni
ng, eng
ineeri
ng de
si
gn. These five levels ar
e l
a
yer upo
n layer, step by step, according
to
the theory of
city plannin
g
; aim to achieve t
he co
ordin
a
ted de
velopment of
urba
n econ
omy,
so
ciety and e
n
vironm
ent. Urb
an pla
nni
ng tech
nical system stru
ctu
r
e as
sho
w
n i
n
Figure 8.
Urb
an
de
sig
n
is a
brid
g
e
bet
wee
n
urba
n
pl
anni
ng a
nd
arch
itectural
de
si
gn, it is
depa
rture fro
m
the
wh
ole
city, and
ma
kes
a
com
p
reh
ens
ive
de
sig
n
in
pa
rticul
ar to a
city
district,
a street o
r
a
center. Its p
u
rpos
e is to im
prove th
e qu
a
lity of urban
e
n
vironm
ent, improve
peo
pl
e's
quality of life, and
provid
e
the mo
st con
v
enient
an
d
comfo
r
table t
o
the p
eopl
e, and
brin
gs the
person
with b
eautiful enjoy
ment.
Therefore,
3-D visualizatio
n of GIS a
u
x
ilia
ry
plan
ni
ng sup
port system
mu
st adapt
to
establi
s
h req
u
irem
ents of
planni
ng, an
d provide
sci
entific an
d
ef
fective tools
and in
strume
nts
achi
eving the
planni
ng g
o
a
l. Planning
sup
port
syste
m
of 3-
D visualization of
GIS is ba
se
d
on
the datab
ase
and ta
ke
s it
as th
e
core, it make
s th
e
joint ma
nag
ement of
que
ry, analysi
s
a
nd
displ
a
y of data, and combi
ned with urba
n plannin
g
an
d desig
n co
ntent, it provide assi
stan
ce for
urba
n plan
nin
g
.
6. Conclusio
n
This stu
d
y focu
se
s on 3-D visualizatio
n
of
GIS
techn
o
logy and its applicatio
n in urba
n
planni
ng
1. In this
s
t
udy, the theory of tec
hnol
ogy an
alysi
s
an
d de
co
mpositio
n of
the 3 D
visuali
z
ation
of GIS are analyze
d
, it divides the
3-D visuali
z
atio
n of GIS into virtual real
ity
techn
o
logy, 3
-
D visu
alizati
on te
chn
o
log
y
and
GIS te
chn
o
logy, it a
l
so
discu
s
sed
from
2.5
D to 2
-
D GIS, the
GIS to 3
D
visuali
z
ation
of GIS key tech
nolo
g
y d
e
velopme
n
t
pro
c
e
ss,
pre
s
ent
situation a
nd
developm
ent trend of
3-D visuali
z
ation of
GIS.
2. It studie
s
t
he u
r
ba
n mo
del of
3-D d
a
ta a
c
qui
sition and pro
c
e
s
si
ng,
the cla
s
sification
of
urba
n 3
-
D
sp
ace i
n
form
ation data
and
summ
ari
z
atio
n
of the characteri
stics
of urba
n
3
-
D sp
atial
data are ma
de, and the t
h
ree
dimen
s
i
onal terrai
n
data, buildin
g
plane a
nd b
u
ilding el
evation
data access, building
surface text
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so analyzed. The high
resolution satellite remote
sen
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chn
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logy and
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Urb
an Plan
ning Suppo
rt System
Base
d
on Three Dim
ensi
onal GIS (Yu Kanhu
a)
3935
studie
d
, and
the data a
c
q
u
isition a
nd
pro
c
e
ssi
ng te
chn
o
logy of
airbo
r
n
e
3D i
m
age
r al
so a
r
e
introdu
ce
d
3. This pa
pe
r has
solved t
he visuali
z
ati
on
of 3 D GI
S data model
and visual
problem in
the con
s
tru
c
ti
on of the 3D terrai
n
and e
x
pressio
n
of
choi
ce of buil
d
ing
s
, and it is to find suitable
modelin
g ro
u
t
e, and in order to p
r
ovid
es a refere
nc
e basi
s
in re
alizatio
n of 3D visuali
z
atio
n of
GIS. Visuali
z
ation of 3
D
m
odel of th
e th
eory a
nd m
e
thod a
r
e
studi
ed in th
e u
r
b
an
con
s
tru
c
ti
on,
according
to t
he 3
D
vi
suali
z
ation
in
GIS
and it
propo
sed the
two
ki
nds of 3
D visualization m
o
del
of GIS techno
logy.
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