Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
3
,
Septem
ber
20
21
,
pp.
1432
~
143
9
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
3
.
pp
1432
-
143
9
1432
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Internet
of
thin
gs
bas
ed attendanc
e system
design a
nd
develop
ment
in
a
sm
art clas
sro
om
Dania Eri
d
an
i
,
Eko
D
idi
k
W
idi
an
t
o
,
Ike
P
ertiw
i Wi
nda
s
ari, Wild
an
B
udi Bawo
no,
Nadia
Febri
ani
ta
Gu
na
r
to
Depa
rtment
o
f
C
om
pute
r
Engi
n
e
eri
ng,
Diponego
ro
Univer
sit
y
,
Se
m
ara
ng
,
Indo
n
esia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
25
,
202
0
Re
vised
A
ug
4
,
20
21
Accepte
d
Aug
1
0
,
2021
Atte
ndan
ce
re
co
rds
are
one
of
t
he
m
ai
n
admini
strat
iv
e
role
s
on
ca
m
puses.
The
ref
or
e,
seve
ral
technologies
ca
n
be
used
on
an
at
te
nd
an
ce
s
y
st
em,
inc
ludi
ng
bar
co
de,
r
adi
o
fr
equenc
y
ide
n
ti
fi
catio
n
(
RF
ID
)
,
fingerprint,
and
fac
epr
int.
Th
e
m
ai
n
fun
ct
ions
of
at
t
end
ance
s
y
s
tem
s
on
ca
m
puses
are
m
a
i
n
l
y
foc
used
on
how
to
ob
ta
in
th
e
a
t
te
nde
e
da
ta
li
st
,
store
on
th
e
da
ta
base
,
and
display
th
e
l
ist
on
the
inform
at
ion
s
y
stem.
Thi
s
rese
arc
h
proposes
an
at
t
enda
nc
e
s
y
s
t
em
in
the
sm
art
class
room
w
hic
h
supports
t
he
s
y
st
em’s
pre
vi
ous
activiti
es
as
well
as
its
int
egr
a
ti
on
wi
th
sec
uri
t
y
and
cl
assroom
m
ana
gement.
In
thi
s
s
y
stem,
th
e
NodeMCU
which
was
conne
cted
to
the
W
i
-
F
i
route
r
serv
ed
as
the
cont
rol
l
er,
whil
e
th
e
fi
nger
spot
rev
o
FF
-
153BNC
func
ti
on
ed
as
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
input.
In
addition,
th
e
dat
ab
ase
serv
er
was
used
t
o
al
lo
ca
t
e
at
t
endee
and
cl
assroom
m
ana
gement
data.
Thi
s
s
y
stem
is
conne
ct
ed
with
the
info
rm
at
ion
s
y
st
em
and
cl
assroom
display
uni
t,
and
component
an
d
s
y
stem
te
sting
were
applied
in
thi
s
rese
ar
ch.
The
resul
ts
show
ed
tha
t
ea
c
h
s
y
stem
unit
suc
ce
ss
fully
int
egr
a
te
d
and
m
ana
g
e
d
the
attend
ance,
se
cur
i
t
y
,
and
c
la
ss
room
sche
dul
e.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Atte
nd
a
nce
syst
e
m
Cl
assroom
secur
it
y
Cl
assroom
m
a
nag
em
ent
Fing
e
r
pr
int
Sm
art cl
assro
om
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ek
o Didik
W
i
di
anto
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f C
om
pu
te
r
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng
Dipone
gor
o U
niv
e
rsity
Pr
of.
H. S
oe
dharto, Sem
aran
g, I
ndonesi
a
Em
a
il
: didik@l
ive.und
i
p.
ac
.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Atte
nd
a
nce
rec
ords
c
onsti
tute
on
e
of
the
m
ain
adm
inist
rati
ve
act
ivit
ie
s
in
ever
y
place
su
c
h
as
office
,
ca
m
pu
s,
a
nd
s
chool
.
T
hese
r
ecords
are
a
too
l
to
c
heck
wh
et
her
a
pe
r
so
n
at
te
nds
a
n
even
t
or
a
bu
siness.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
i
t
is
no
t
on
ly
us
e
d
to
i
den
ti
f
y
an
ind
ivid
ua
l’s
pr
ese
nce,
but
can
furthe
r
analy
ze
an
even
t
’s
pro
blem
[1]
,
analy
ze
te
acher
perform
ance
and
im
pact
in
a
c
la
ssro
om
[2]
,
[3]
,
stud
e
nt
be
hav
i
or
to
ward
giv
en
par
am
et
ers
[4]
,
[
5]
, and
c
hec
k t
he readi
ness of pe
ople
in fa
ci
ng
tec
hnol
ogy
[6]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
n
a
t
t
e
n
d
a
n
c
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
a
s
b
u
i
l
t
t
o
a
c
c
om
p
l
i
s
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
s
o
f
a
t
t
e
n
d
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
v
a
r
i
o
us
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
R
F
I
D
.
T
h
e
R
F
I
D
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
u
n
i
q
u
e
I
D
o
f
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
o
r
o
b
j
e
c
t
,
a
n
d
i
t
s
t
a
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
’
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
[7]
-
[
1
0
]
i
n
a
n
e
v
e
n
t
o
r
p
l
a
c
e
b
y
s
c
a
n
n
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
R
F
I
D
r
e
a
d
e
r
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
i
t
i
s
po
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
t
h
a
t
u
s
e
s
f
i
n
g
e
r
p
r
i
n
t
a
n
d
f
a
c
i
a
l
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
s
o
m
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[11]
-
[17]
,
t
h
e
f
i
n
g
e
r
p
r
i
n
t
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
a
n
a
t
t
e
n
d
a
n
c
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
s
i
d
e
f
r
o
m
f
i
n
g
e
r
p
r
i
n
t
,
f
a
c
i
a
l
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
a
n
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
t
o
s
c
a
n
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
’
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
[18]
,
o
r
c
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
l
y
s
c
a
n
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
f
a
c
e
s
o
n
o
n
e
s
c
r
e
e
n
[19]
.
I
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
c
om
b
i
n
e
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
[20]
-
[23]
.
F
a
c
t
u
a
l
l
y
,
i
t
s
m
a
i
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
v
e
r
i
f
y
s
om
e
o
n
e
’
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
i
t
o
n
a
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
r
a
m
o
b
i
l
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
r
net o
f
t
hings
based
a
tt
en
dance
syste
m d
esi
gn an
d deve
lopment i
n a smart
cl
as
sr
oo
m
(
D
an
i
a
E
rid
an
i
)
1433
At
ca
m
pu
ses,
on
e
of
the
at
te
nd
a
nce
pr
oc
e
sses
is
per
f
or
m
ed
in
a
cl
as
sroom
,
wh
ere
le
ct
ur
es
an
d
stud
e
nts
unde
r
go
this
proce
s
s
to
rec
ord
t
he
ir
prese
nce.
Nowa
days,
t
he
cl
assr
oo
m
it
sel
f
is
op
ti
m
iz
e
d
with
sever
al
te
ch
nolog
ie
s
.
Sm
art
classr
oom
s
are
bu
il
t
to
hav
e
au
tom
a
ti
on
over
obj
ect
s
insid
e
the
cl
ass
r
oo
m
,
su
c
h
as
li
gh
ti
ng,
ai
r
co
nd
it
io
ner,
a
nd
pr
oj
ect
or.
[
24
]
-
[
26
]
.
The
r
e
ha
ve
al
s
o
be
en
pr
e
vious
stud
ie
s
on
cl
ass
room
acce
ss contr
ol
us
in
g
sm
art cam
eras
[
27
]
a
nd N
FC
[
28
]
.
Most
of
this
pre
vi
ou
s
researc
h
we
re
perf
orm
ed
ind
e
pend
ently
,
al
l
fo
cus
ing
on
ho
w
th
e
at
te
nd
anc
e
syst
e
m
wo
rk
s
,
the
us
er
be
ha
vior,
an
d
te
chnolo
gy
us
e
d.
This
researc
h
pr
op
os
es
the
com
bin
at
ion
of
the
at
te
nd
an
ce
sys
tem
at
the
ca
m
pu
s
an
d
sm
art
cl
assroom
acce
ss
by
bu
il
ding
a
n
in
te
gr
at
e
d
syst
e
m
that
can
al
so
acce
ss
a
cl
ass
r
oo
m
.
It
in
volv
es
the
us
e
of
f
ing
e
rprint
-
sca
nnin
g
in
the
at
t
end
ee
pr
ocess
and
m
anag
em
e
nt
of
at
te
nd
ee
data
with
the
cl
assr
oo
m
info
rm
at
i
on
syst
em
.
Fu
rther
m
or
e,
the
f
ing
e
rprint
data
can
al
so
be
use
d
to
authe
ntica
te
acce
ss in
t
he
sm
art cl
assr
oo
m
.
2.
PROP
OSE
D ATT
END
A
N
CE S
YS
TE
M
Con
tra
ry
to
[11]
-
[
17]
w
hich
wer
e
m
ai
nly
focuse
d
on
obta
inin
g
the
at
te
ndee
data
li
st,
the
functi
on
of
this
at
te
nd
ance
syst
e
m
al
so
e
nco
m
passes
door
secu
rity
c
on
t
ro
l
an
d
at
te
nd
a
nce
rec
ordi
ng
f
or
stud
e
nt
s
and
le
ct
ur
ers
.
It
co
ns
ist
s
of
i
den
ti
ficat
ion
,
ver
i
ficat
ion
,
a
nd
a
ut
hen
ti
cat
io
n
pr
ocesses
.
The
door
sec
ur
it
y
con
t
ro
l
functi
on
in
vo
l
ves
un
l
ock
i
ng
and
loc
king
the
do
or
with
a
fin
ge
rprint
acce
ss
owned
by
the
l
ect
ur
e
r
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
t
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
syst
e
m
i
s
adjuste
d
accor
ding
to
the
cl
assroom
’s
le
c
ture
sche
dule
.
The
at
te
nd
an
ce
rec
ordin
g
f
un
ct
io
n
perf
or
m
s
a
s
can
of
stu
de
nts’
fin
gerpr
i
nts
and
e
nters
it
i
nto
an
at
te
nda
nce
li
st
database
a
nd
then dis
play
s the r
ep
or
t i
n
t
he
i
nfor
m
at
ion
syst
e
m
, as
sh
own i
n
Fig
ur
e
1.
T
he
att
end
a
nce pr
oces
s
in the
finite
sta
te
m
achine (FS
M)
is s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
2.
Figure
1. Sm
art
cl
assroom
atten
da
nce
syst
em
The
at
te
ndanc
e
syst
e
m
i
m
p
lem
entat
ion
be
gin
s
by
asce
rtai
ning
the
r
equ
i
red
c
om
po
ne
nts
a
nd
connecti
ng
the
m
each.
T
he
N
od
eM
C
U
ha
s
an
e
xp
a
ns
io
n
bo
a
r
d
w
hich
e
nh
a
nces
t
he
c
onnecti
on
acce
s
sibil
it
y
betwee
n
c
om
po
ne
nts.
Th
is
s
yst
e
m
wo
rks
be
cause
the
le
ct
ur
e
r
sca
ns
th
ei
r
fin
ge
rprint
on
a
sca
n
ni
ng
de
vice
instal
le
d
outsi
de
the
cl
ass
r
oo
m
bef
or
e
le
ct
uri
ng.
When
the
le
ct
ur
er
’s
sch
edu
le
a
nd
ID
m
at
ch
,
the
cl
as
sroo
m
door
the
n
gra
nt
s
acce
ss.
F
ur
t
her
m
or
e,
s
t
ud
e
nts
sig
n
their
pr
ese
nce
la
te
r
on
a
fin
ge
rprint
scan
t
oo
l
in
sta
ll
ed
in
side
the
cl
assroom
.
As
sh
own
in
Fig
ure
3,
this
syst
e
m
con
sist
s
of
fi
ng
e
rs
po
t
re
vo
FF
-
153B
NC
as
the
fin
gerpr
i
nt
sca
nn
i
ng
de
vice,
Kita
Ser
ver
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
as
the
ap
plica
ti
on
f
orwa
rd
i
ng
scan
ning
data
to
the
serv
e
r/data
bas
e,
N
odeM
CU
as
the
ce
ntral
con
t
ro
ll
er
of
c
la
ssroom
securi
ty
,
m
agn
et
ic
door
loc
k
as
t
he
door
key, a
nd a
12V
pow
e
r
s
upply
for
the
m
agn
et
ic
lock.
The
sca
nn
i
ng
dev
ic
e
is
co
nn
ect
ed
to
the
Ki
ta
Serv
e
r
ap
plica
ti
on
to
se
nd
t
he
scan
ning
fi
ng
e
r
pr
int
data
to
the
et
he
rn
e
t
database,
w
hile
the
N
od
e
MC
U
us
es
W
i
-
F
i
to
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
t
he
ser
ve
r.
When
th
e
fin
gerpr
i
nt
de
vi
ce
obta
ins
the
stud
e
nt’s
fi
ng
e
rprint,
it
directl
y
authen
ti
cat
es
the
data
and
sends
it
to
the
serv
e
r
.
The
de
vice
al
s
o
in
puts
the
da
ta
in N
odeM
C
U,
where
the
a
uthorizat
io
n
is perfo
rm
ed
by m
at
ching
t
he
s
cann
i
ng
data
with
the
l
ect
ur
er
’s
I
D
in
the
database
.
It
chec
ks
w
hether
t
he
le
ct
ure
r’
s
I
D
m
at
ches
the
c
urren
t
sc
hedule.
Wh
e
n
t
he
a
uthorizat
io
n
s
ucce
eds, N
odeM
CU the
n sen
ds
t
he
si
gn
al
t
o
the
m
agn
et
ic
d
oor
lock to
grant a
ccess.
As
s
how
n
in
Figure
2,
t
he
fi
rst
sta
te
of
the
do
or
is
cl
os
ed
.
I
f
the
fin
gerpr
i
nt
is
detect
ed,
it
authe
ntica
te
s
the
le
ct
ure
fin
ge
rprint.
The
le
ct
ur
e
fin
gerp
rint
trig
ge
red
th
e
ne
xt
sta
te
.
W
hen
the
aut
hent
ic
at
ion
su
ccess
,
it
che
cks
the
s
che
du
le
database
a
nd
act
ivate
s
the
cl
ass.
Wh
il
e
the
do
or
open
,
the
stu
den
t
ca
n
ente
r
the
cl
assr
oo
m
an
d
do
t
heir
fin
gerpr
i
nt
sca
n
as
t
he
at
te
ndance
proc
ess
on
the
cl
ass
they
entere
d.
All
the
stud
e
nt’s fin
ge
rprint
data the
n save
d
i
n
the
dat
abase
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptem
ber
20
21
:
14
32
-
143
9
1434
Figure
2. Atte
ndance
syst
em
i
n
the
f
i
nite st
at
e m
achine
Figure
3
.
Atte
ndance
s
yst
em
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
te
sti
ng
m
echan
ism
w
as pe
rfor
m
ed
in tw
o
ste
ps. The fir
st was co
m
po
ne
nt test
ing
whi
ch
in
vo
l
ved
check
i
ng
the
t
echn
ic
al
f
unct
ion
of
eac
h
co
m
po
nen
t
before
integrati
on
i
nto
one
syst
em
.
The
second
st
e
p
involve
d
c
hec
king
th
e
in
put
-
ou
t
pu
t
com
pone
nt
a
nd
com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
st
ru
c
ture.
T
he
syst
e
m
te
sti
ng
asce
rtai
ns
wh
et
her each
c
om
po
ne
nt inte
gr
at
e
d
int
o
the
syst
e
m
can
w
ork
as s
pecified
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
r
net o
f
t
hings
based
a
tt
en
dance
syste
m d
esi
gn an
d deve
lopment i
n a smart
cl
as
sr
oo
m
(
D
an
i
a
E
rid
an
i
)
1435
3.1.
Revo F
F
-
15
3BNC
fin
ge
rpri
nt
test
in
g
The
re
vo
FF
-
153B
NC
was
use
d
in
the
in
put
com
po
ne
nt
as
a
scann
i
ng
de
vice
an
d
do
or
acce
ss.
Th
e
te
sti
ng
was
car
ried
out
by
scann
i
ng
te
n
reg
is
te
red
us
e
rs
an
d
on
e
unr
egiste
r
ed
us
e
r
to
the
syst
e
m
con
ti
nuou
sl
y
for
te
n
tim
es
with
a
1
-
m
inu
te
pause
durati
on,
as
sh
own
in
T
able
1.
T
he
res
ult
sh
owe
d
tha
t
Re
vo
FF
-
153B
NC
identifie
d
us
er
fing
e
rprints
w
it
h
a
95
%
ave
rag
e
.
The
po
s
s
ible
reason
f
or
the
un
i
den
ti
fi
ed
scan
ning
pr
ocess
was
the
us
e
r’
s
sweat
beca
us
e
the
te
sti
ng
m
e
chan
ism
was
done
c
onti
nuou
sly
fo
r
al
l
us
e
r
s
at
the
giv
e
n
tim
e.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
cl
assroom
authorizat
ion
te
st
ing
al
s
o
in
vo
l
ves
m
at
ching
the
le
ct
ur
er
’s
ID
with
the
giv
e
n
sche
du
le
of
th
e
cl
assroom
,
a
s
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble
2.
T
his
te
st
do
ne
t
o
ens
u
re
that
on
ly
re
gistered
pe
op
l
e
wer
e
identifie
d i
n
t
he
syst
e
m
.
The
resu
lt
s
howed
that
the
a
uthorizat
io
n
process
on
re
vo
FF
-
153B
NC
ba
sed
on
the
a
ppli
ed
sc
hedul
e
is
work
i
ng
c
or
rectl
y.
The
sys
tem
su
ccessfu
l
ly
authorized
t
he
le
ct
ur
e
sche
du
le
d
f
or
t
he
c
la
ss.
This
te
st
is
us
e
d
to ensu
re th
at
the lect
urer
wh
o
acce
sse
s the
cl
ass is the
one
who has
a sc
he
du
le
f
or
t
hat c
la
ss.
Table
1.
Re
s
ult o
f
Re
vo
FF
-
15
3BN
C
fin
gerp
r
int t
est
ing
Testin
g
User
Iden
tif
ied
scan
n
in
g
No
te
1
User 1
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
2
User 2
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
3
User 3
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
4
User 4
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
5
User 5
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
6
User 6
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
7
User 7
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
8
User 8
10
1
0
0
% id
en
ti
f
ied
9
User 9
9
9
0
% id
en
tif
ied
10
User 10
8
8
0
% id
en
tif
ied
11
Un
regis
tered us
er
0
u
n
id
en
ti
f
ied
Table
2.
Cl
ass
r
oo
m
au
th
or
iz
at
ion
test
in
g
Testin
g
Clas
s A
Clas
s B
Clas
s A Resu
lt
Clas
s B Res
u
lt
1
Lecturer
A
Lecturer
B
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
2
Lecturer
A
Lecturer
B
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
3
Lecturer
A
Lecturer
B
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
4
Lecturer
A
Lecturer
B
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
5
Lecturer
A
Lecturer
B
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
Su
ccessf
u
l auth
o
ri
zatio
n
6
Lecturer
B
Lecturer
A
Failed
auth
o
rization
Failed
auth
o
rization
7
Lecturer
B
Lecturer
A
Failed
auth
o
rization
Failed
auth
o
rization
8
Lecturer
B
Lecturer
A
Failed
auth
o
rization
Failed
auth
o
rization
9
Lecturer
B
Lecturer
A
Failed
auth
o
rization
Failed
auth
o
rization
10
Lecturer
B
Lecturer
A
Failed
auth
o
rization
Failed
auth
o
rization
3.2
.
Magne
ti
c
door l
ock tes
ting
T
h
i
s
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
a
i
m
s
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
om
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y
b
e
f
o
r
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
s
e
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
t
o
t
h
e
ou
t
p
u
t
c
om
p
o
n
e
n
t
.
I
n
p
u
t
h
i
g
h
i
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
t
o
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
d
o
o
r
l
o
c
k
,
w
h
i
l
e
I
n
p
u
t
l
o
w
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
t
o
d
e
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
t
h
e
l
o
c
k
.
T
h
e
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
s
4
(
a
)
a
n
d
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
r
m
a
l
c
i
r
c
um
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
d
o
o
r
l
o
c
k
w
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
o
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y
.
(a)
(b)
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
s
a
r
e
;
(
a
)
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
d
o
o
r
l
o
c
k
w
i
t
h
l
o
w
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
(
b
)
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
d
o
o
r
l
o
c
k
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
i
n
p
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptem
ber
20
21
:
14
32
-
143
9
1436
3.3
.
Co
m
mu
nicati
on
test
in
g
The
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
te
sti
ng
w
as
carrie
d
ou
t
by
chec
king
t
he
syst
e
m
’s
connecti
on
an
d
da
ta
from
the
database
’s
sca
nn
i
ng
dev
ic
e
.
This
was
perform
ed
by
the
N
od
eM
C
U
w
hich
util
iz
ed
a
W
i
-
F
i
connecti
on.
T
he
distance
ca
pa
bi
li
t
y
of
t
he
NodeMC
U
c
onne
ct
ed
with
the
acce
ss
point
w
as
te
ste
d
for
e
ver
y
one
m
et
e
r.
T
hi
s
te
sti
ng
only
paid
at
te
ntion
to
the
distance
and
not
the
ob
sta
cl
e
bet
we
en
the
distanc
es.
The
res
ult
of
th
e
connecti
on test
ing
is
sho
wn in
Tab
le
3.
Table
3.
C
onne
ct
ion
te
sti
ng
Testin
g
Distan
ce (
m
)
Co
n
n
ectio
n
1
1
Co
n
n
ected
2
2
Co
n
n
ected
3
3
Co
n
n
ected
4
4
Co
n
n
ected
5
5
Co
n
n
ected
6
6
Co
n
n
ected
7
7
Co
n
n
ected
8
8
Co
n
n
ected
9
9
Co
n
n
ected
10
10
Co
n
n
ected
11
11
Co
n
n
ected, no
t stab
le
12
12
Co
n
n
ected, no
t stab
le
13
13
Co
n
n
ceted, no
t stab
le
14
14
Un
co
n
n
ected
15
15
Un
co
n
n
ected
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
he
NodeMC
U
bes
t
us
e
is
within a
10
m
ran
ge
usi
ng
a W
i
-
F
i
c
onnecti
on.
T
he
second
pa
rt
of
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
te
sti
ng
i
nvolv
e
d
c
hec
king
the
sca
nnin
g
dev
ic
e
an
d
dat
abase
t
hroug
h
Ether
net.
T
he
te
sti
ng
was
done
by
re
cordin
g
the
lo
g
of
the
us
e
r
sca
nn
i
ng
process
t
en
tim
es
on
the
“
att_log
”
ta
bl
e
in
the
fing
er
pr
i
nt
database
.
T
his
“
att_lo
g
”
ta
ble
is
use
d
to
m
anag
e
the
in
for
m
at
ion
syst
em
.
Fig
ur
e
5
s
hows
t
he
“
att_lo
g
”
ta
ble
resu
lt
. T
he
r
es
ults sh
owed
th
at
all
r
eco
rd
e
d data ca
n b
e sto
red o
n
t
he data
base
us
in
g
a
n Et
hernet c
onne
ct
ion
.
Figure
5
.
“A
tt
_l
og
” ta
ble r
e
su
l
t
3.4.
S
ystem
t
esting
Each
c
om
po
ne
nt
us
e
d
i
n
the
s
yst
e
m
was
integrate
d
into
the
at
te
nd
an
ce
syst
e
m
,
and
t
he
f
unct
ion
al
it
y
was
the
n
te
ste
d. The res
ults ar
e shown in
Ta
ble 4
.
The sy
stem
test
ing
r
esu
lt
s sh
owed
t
hat
all
o
f
the att
en
dan
c
e
syst
e
m
s
fu
nctions
a
re
w
orkin
g
as
sp
eci
fie
d.
It
is
sh
ow
e
d
th
at
the
syst
e
m
c
ou
l
d
rec
ord
al
l
the
at
te
nd
ance
data
by
the
le
ct
ure
and
the
st
uden
t
as
the
sc
he
dule
giv
e
n.
It
al
s
o
s
howe
d
that
the
at
te
nd
a
nce
syst
e
m
su
cces
sfu
ll
y
integrate
d
int
o t
he
cl
assr
oom
secur
it
y, as
onl
y user
s
wh
o ha
ve
acce
ss
can
e
nter
t
he
cl
assr
oom
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
r
net o
f
t
hings
based
a
tt
en
dance
syste
m d
esi
gn an
d deve
lopment i
n a smart
cl
as
sr
oo
m
(
D
an
i
a
E
rid
an
i
)
1437
Table
4.
Syst
em
te
sti
ng
Testin
g
Para
m
eter
Res
u
lt
1
The abi
lity
to read
f
in
g
erprint
s f
ro
m
F
in
g
ersp
o
t Rev
o
FF
-
1
5
4
BNC
Su
ccess
2
The abi
lity
to
id
en
tif
y
us
er
f
in
g
erprint
s regis
tered on
the
Fin
g
ersp
o
t Rev
o
FF
-
1
5
4
BNC
Su
ccess
3
The abi
lity
to sav
e
th
e f
in
g
erprint
scan
log
to th
e datab
ase
Su
ccess
4
The abi
lity
to au
th
o
rize
th
e scan lo
g
with
the sch
ed
u
le giv
en
by
th
e datab
ase
Su
ccess
5
The abi
lity
to
con
n
ect to
W
i
-
F
i
Su
ccess
6
The abi
lity
to u
n
lo
ck
the
m
ag
n
etic do
o
r
o
n
co
m
p
le
tio
n
of
the au
th
o
rization
pro
cess
Su
ccess
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
at
te
ndanc
e
syst
e
m
inv
ol
vin
g
t
he
I
oT
con
ce
pt
in
this
resea
rch
was
suc
cessf
ul
ly
te
s
te
d
an
d
integrate
d
with
the
sec
ur
it
y
a
nd
cl
assr
oom
m
anag
em
ent
syst
e
m
.
The
fi
nger
pr
i
nt
of
st
udents
an
d
t
he
l
ect
ur
er
s
wer
e
sa
ve
d
in
the
data
base,
a
nd
the
sca
nn
i
ng
dev
ic
e
was
abl
e
to
send
a
sc
ript
co
ntainin
g
le
ct
ur
er
data
to
op
e
n
the
m
agn
et
ic
door
loc
k
i
n
the
cl
assr
oom
,
w
hich
was
dep
e
ndent
on
the
le
ct
urer
’s
sche
dule
f
rom
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
syst
e
m
.
Fu
rthe
r
m
or
e,
the
inf
orm
ation
syst
em
was
able
to
disp
la
y
an
d
m
anag
e
at
te
n
da
nce
data
base
d
on
fin
ge
rprint
-
sca
n
pr
oc
ess.
The
fi
ngerspot
re
vo
FF
-
15
3BN
C
sho
wed
high
accu
racy
in
scann
i
ng
data,
and the l
ongest
conn
ect
ivit
y
wh
ic
h
ca
n be
use
d betwee
n
t
he
Nod
eM
C
U,
a
nd the acc
ess
point
was 1
0
m
e
te
rs.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
resea
rch
was
sup
ported
by
the
Mi
nistry
of
Re
sea
rc
h
an
d
Hi
gh
e
r
Ed
ucati
on
Ind
on
e
sia
with
con
t
ract n
um
ber
101
-
37/U
N7.P4.3
/P
P/2
019.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
D.
He
y
n
e,
“
De
vel
opm
ent
s
in
Cla
ss
ifi
c
at
ion
,
I
dent
ifica
ti
on,
a
nd
Inte
rve
n
ti
on
for
School
R
efu
sal
and
Oth
er
Atte
ndan
ce
Problems
:
Introduct
ion
to
the
Spec
ia
l
Serie
s
,
”
Cog
nit
ive
and
B
eha
vi
oral
Pract
i
ce
,
vol.
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no.
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pp.
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7
,
2019
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oi:
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1016/j.c
bp
ra.
2018.
12
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003
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R.
Ban
erjee
,
E
.
M.
King,
P.
F.
Oraz
em,
and
E.
M.
Pate
rno
,
“
St
udent
and
t
each
er
a
tt
end
ance:
T
he
rol
e
of
share
d
goods i
n
red
u
ci
n
g
abse
nt
ee
ism
,
”
Ec
on.
Edu
c. R
e
v
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,
vol. 31, no. 5,
pp.
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–
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,
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[3]
J.
Cil
liers,
I.
Ka
sir
y
e
,
C.
L
ea
v
er,
P.
Serne
el
s,
an
d
A.
Ze
it
l
in,
“
Pa
y
for
lo
call
y
m
onit
ore
d
per
for
m
anc
e
?
A
welf
a
re
ana
l
y
sis
for
t
ea
c
her
a
tt
end
ance
i
n
Uganda
n
primar
y
schools,
”
Jo
urnal
of
Publ
i
c
Ec
onomics
,
vol
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–
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2018
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doi
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A.
Lukka
r
ine
n
,
P.
Koivukang
as,
and
T
.
Se
ppäl
ä
,
“
Relati
o
nship
bet
we
en
Cla
ss
Att
endan
ce
and
Stude
nt
Perform
anc
e,”
P
roce
dia
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Soc
.
B
ehav
.
Sc
i.
,
vol
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pp
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.
sbs
pro.
2016
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051
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[5]
R.
Ide
i,
H.
Ka
t
o,
and
S.
Morikawa
,
“
Contri
but
i
on
of
rura
l
roa
d
s
improvem
ent
on
chi
ldre
n’s
sc
hool
at
t
enda
nc
e:
Evi
den
ce
in
Cambodia,
”
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Edu
cat
io
nal
Dev
e
lopme
nt
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10
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[6]
M.
A.
Nugroho
and
M.
Andr
yza
l
Fa
ja
r
,
“
Eff
e
ct
s
of
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
R
ea
din
ess
T
owards
Acc
epta
nce
of
Mand
at
o
r
y
W
eb
-
Based
Atte
nd
anc
e
S
y
s
t
em,”
Proce
d
ia
Computer
Sci
en
ce
,
vol.
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-
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doi:
10
.
1016/j.pr
ocs.
2017.
12
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161
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[7]
H.
D.
Rj
ei
b
,
N.
S.
Ali
,
A.
Al
Fara
wn,
and
B
.
Al
-
sada
wi,
“
Att
enda
nc
e
and
Inf
orm
at
ion
S
y
st
e
m
using
RF
ID
and
W
eb
-
Based
Applicati
on
for
A
ca
demic
Sect
or
,
”
Int
ernati
o
nal
Journal
of
A
dvanc
ed
Computer
Scienc
e
a
nd
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
vo
l.
9
,
no
.
1
,
pp
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6
–
274,
2018
,
doi
:
10.
14569
/IJACS
A.2018.
090137
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[8]
K.
R.
Pirev
a,
J.
Siqec
a
,
and
S.
B
eri
sha,
“
RF
ID:
Mana
gement
s
y
s
te
m
for
student
s
’
at
t
enda
nc
e,
”
I
FA
C
Proc
ee
ding
s
Vol
umes
,
vo
l.
46
,
no
.
8
,
2013
,
pp
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137
-
140,
doi:
1
0.
3182/2013060
6
-
3
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XK
-
4037
.
00057
.
[9]
Q.
Miao,
F.
Xia
o,
H.
Huang,
L.
Sun,
and
R.
W
ang,
“
Sm
art
at
t
e
ndanc
e
s
y
stem
base
d
on
fre
que
nc
y
d
istri
but
ion
al
gorit
hm
with
p
assive
RF
ID
ta
gs,”
in
Ts
inghua
Sci
en
ce
and
Tec
hnology
,
vo
l.
25
,
no.
2
,
pp.
217
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April
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0
,
doi:
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26599/TS
T.
2018.
901
014
1
.
[10]
S.
Ham
ee
d,
S.
M.
T.
Saquib,
M.
ul
Hass
an,
and
F.
Junejo,
“
Radi
o
Freque
nc
y
Id
ent
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
(RFID
)
Base
d
Atte
ndan
ce
&
As
sessment
Sy
s
te
m
with
W
ire
l
ess
Data
base
R
ec
ords,”
Proce
d
ia
-
Soc.
B
eha
v.
Sci.
,
vo
l.
19
5,
pp.
2889
–
2895
,
2015
,
doi
:
10
.
10
16/j
.
sbs
pro.
2015
.
06.
414
.
[11]
D.
Shah
and
V.
Bhara
di,
“
IoT
base
d
Biom
et
rics
Im
ple
m
ent
at
io
n
on
Raspber
r
y
Pi,”
Proce
d
ia
Computer
Sci
ence
,
vol.
79
,
pp
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328
–
336,
2016
,
doi
:
1
0.
1016/j.proc
s.2
016.
03.
043
.
[12]
G.
Sitt
ampala
m
and
N.
Rat
nar
aj
ah
,
“
SA
M
S:
An
IoT
Soluti
on
for
Atte
ndance
Mana
gement
in
Univer
siti
es,
”
TENCON
2019
-
2019
IEEE
R
eg
ion
10
Con
fe
renc
e
(
TENCON
)
,
2019,
pp.
251
-
2
56,
doi
:
10
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1109/TE
NCO
N.2019.
8929616
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[13]
C.
O.
Sogbaike
and
V.
O.
Ahor
o,
“
Design
And
Im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
Of
Cla
ss
Atte
nd
anc
e
Man
age
m
e
nt
S
y
stem
Us
ing
Fingerpri
nt
Rec
o
gnit
ion,”
In
te
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Scientific
and
R
ese
arch
Pub
li
ca
t
ions
,
vol
.
9
,
no
.
5,
pp.
882
–
897,
2019
,
doi
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P.9.
05.
2019.
p89110
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[14]
L.
S.
Ez
ema
,
J.
N.
Ene
h,
and
I.
Am
anz
e,
“
Fingerpri
nt
-
B
ase
d
-
Atte
ndan
ce
-
Man
age
m
ent
-
S
y
s
te
m
,”
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Journal
of
Scien
ti
fic
&
Engi
nee
ri
ng
Re
search
,
vo
l
.
6
,
no
.
7
,
pp
.
16
23
–
1628,
2015
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptem
ber
20
21
:
14
32
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143
9
1438
[15]
K.
Krishnam
urthi
,
S.
I.
Mar
y
,
B.
N.
Su
m
al
at
ha,
and
A.
Pere
ira,
“
Fingerpri
nt
Based
Attendanc
e
S
y
st
em,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Adv
ance
d
Re
search
i
n
Computer
an
d
Comm
unic
ati
on
Engi
nee
ring
,
vol.
4,
no.
3,
pp.
621
–
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15
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8/IJARCCE.2015.
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R.
P.
J,
R.
Pavithra,
N.
As
wini,
and
F.
B.
A,
“
Wi
reless
Sm
art
Bi
om
et
ric
Atte
nd
a
nce
S
y
st
em,”
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
of
Innov
a
ti
v
e
Te
chnol
ogy
and
Exploring
Eng
ine
e
ring
,
vol
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N.
Prince
,
A.
Se
ngupta
,
and
M.
K.
Unni,
“
Im
p
le
m
ent
at
ion
of
Io
T
Based
Atte
nd
anc
e
S
y
s
te
m
on
a
Dedicat
ed
W
e
b
-
Serve
r,
”
Int
ernat
ional
Journal
of
Sci
en
ti
fic
&
Eng
ine
ering
Re
se
arc
h
,
vol
.
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,
no
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6
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p
p.
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–
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S.
M.
Bah
and
F.
Ming,
“
An
improved
fac
e
r
e
cogni
ti
on
al
gor
ithm
and
it
s
appli
ca
t
ion
in
at
t
endance
m
ana
g
ement
s
y
stem,”
Array
,
vol.
5
,
p
p
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10001
4,
2020
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J.
Vam
sikrishna,
K.
Anudee
p
,
L
.
J.
A.
Mar
ci
l
in,
and
V.
B
al
amur
ugan
,
“
An
Adva
nce
d
Att
enda
n
ce
Marking
s
y
s
te
m
using
fac
ia
l
R
ec
ogni
ti
on,
”
IOP
Confe
renc
e
Serie
s:
Mate
ria
ls
Sci
ence
and
Engi
nee
ring
,
vol.
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,
doi:
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57
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.
[20]
D.
Sunar
y
ono
,
J.
Sis
wantor
o,
and
R.
Anggor
o,
“
An
andr
oid
base
d
cour
se
at
t
enda
nc
e
s
y
st
em
using
fac
e
rec
ogni
ti
on,
”
Jo
urnal
of
King
S
aud
Unive
rs
ity
-
Computer
and
Information
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nce
s
,
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ci
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[21]
Y.
S.
V.
La
kshm
i
and
V.
J.
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m
ar,
“
S
m
art
Biom
et
ric
Atte
nd
an
ce
and
Monitor
i
ng
Sy
st
em,”
Int
e
rnational
Journ
al
of
Computer
S
cienc
es
and
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
vol
.
7
,
n
o.
6
,
p
p
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901
-
90
5,
2019
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jc
se
/v7i
6
.
901905
.
[22]
K.
Moham
m
ed,
A.
S.
Tol
ba
,
and
M.
E
lmog
y
,
“
Multi
m
odal
stud
ent
at
t
enda
n
ce
m
ana
gement
s
y
s
te
m
(
MS
AM
S
),
”
Ai
n
Shams
Eng
i
nee
ring
Journal
,
vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2917
–
2929,
201
8
,
doi
:
10
.
1016/j.a
sej
.
2018.
08
.
00
2
.
[23]
A.
Adem
ola
,
T.
E.
Som
efu
n,
A.
F.
Agbetu
y
i
,
and
A.
Olufa
yo,
“
W
eb
base
d
finge
rprin
t
rol
l
ca
l
l
a
tt
end
ance
m
ana
gement
s
ystem,”
Int
ernational
Journal
o
f
El
e
ct
ri
cal
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
9
,
no
.
5,
pp.
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–
4371
,
2019
,
doi
:
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.
11
59
1/i
jece
.
v9i5
.
p
p4364
-
4371
.
[24]
L.
Huang
,
J.
Su
,
and
T.
Pao
“
A
Conte
xt
Aw
a
re
Sm
art
Cla
ss
r
oom
Archi
te
c
tur
e
for
Sm
art
Ca
m
puses,”
Appl
i
e
d
Sci
en
ce
s
,
vol. 9
,
no.
9
,
2019
,
doi
:
10.
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pp909
1837
.
[25]
M.
Patt
ed
,
S.
Mule
y
,
and
D
.
Panda,
“
Intelli
g
ent
Cl
assroom
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0406998
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BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Dan
ia
Eri
dan
i
pursued
Bac
hel
or
Degre
e
in
El
ectrical
En
gine
er
ing
from
Diponegor
o
Univer
sit
y
and
Master
Degre
e
i
n
El
ectrical
Eng
i
nee
ring
from
Gadja
h
Mada
Univ
ersity
.
She
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
worki
ng
as
Instruc
to
r
at
Depa
r
tment
of
Com
pute
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Diponegor
o
Univer
sit
y
.
Her
m
ai
n
rese
arc
h
foc
uses
on
Com
pute
r
Engi
ne
e
ring,
Embedde
d
Sy
st
em,
IoT
implementa
t
ion,
and
Hum
an
Co
m
pute
r
Inte
ra
ct
i
on.
She
has
6
y
ea
rs
of
te
a
chi
ng
and
rese
arch
expe
ri
ence.
Ek
o
Didik
Wid
ianto
pursued
B
ac
he
lor
Degre
e
and
Master
D
eg
ree
in
Elec
tri
c
al
Engi
ne
e
ring
from
Bandung
I
nstit
ute
of
Tech
nolog
y
.
He
is
c
urre
ntly
work
in
g
as
As
sistant
Profess
or
at
Depa
rtment
of
Com
pute
r
Engi
nee
ring
Diponego
ro
Univer
sit
y
.
His
m
ai
n
rese
arc
h
foc
uses
on
Com
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Embedd
ed
S
y
st
em,
IoT
implementation
,
Micro
el
e
ct
ron
i
cs,
W
ire
l
ess
Sensor
Network,
Distribut
ed
S
y
s
te
m
,
and
C
y
ber
Secur
ity
.
H
e
has
4
y
e
ars
industrial
working
expe
ri
ence, 10 yea
rs t
eachi
ng
ex
per
ie
n
ce, and
19
y
ea
rs
rese
a
rch
e
xper
ie
n
ce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
r
net o
f
t
hings
based
a
tt
en
dance
syste
m d
esi
gn an
d deve
lopment i
n a smart
cl
as
sr
oo
m
(
D
an
i
a
E
rid
an
i
)
1439
Ik
e
Pe
rtiwi
Wi
nd
asari
pursued
Bac
hel
or
Degr
e
e
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
E
ngine
er
ing
from
Diponegor
o
Univer
sit
y
and
Master
Degre
e
in
Inform
at
i
c
Engi
ne
eri
ng
from
Bandung
Instit
ute
of
Te
chno
log
y
.
He
r
m
ai
n
rese
arc
h
foc
used
on
Software
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
and
Big
Data
.
She
has
10
y
e
ars
t
eachi
ng
a
nd
re
sea
rch
experie
nc
e.
Wil
dan
Bu
di
Ba
w
ono
pursue
d
Bac
h
el
or
D
e
gre
e
in
Com
pute
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Diponegor
o
Univer
sit
y
.
He is
bee
n
par
t
of
thi
s
rese
a
rch
fo
r
1
yea
rs.
Nad
ia
Fe
brianita
Gun
art
o
pur
sued
Bac
hel
or
Degre
e
in
Com
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
Diponegor
o
Unive
rsit
y
.
He is
bee
n
par
t
of
thi
s
rese
a
rch
fo
r
1
yea
rs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.