Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Co
mp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
,
pp.
1
5
0
~
1
6
1
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
1
.
pp
1
5
0
-
1
61
150
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Work
f
u
nction
variati
ons
on elect
rostatic
and
RF p
er
f
ormanc
es
of J
LSD
GM De
vice
K
K.
E.
Kaha
rudin
1
,
F
. Sale
hudd
in
2
,
A
. S.
M
.
Z
ain
3
, Am
eer F.
R
os
lan
4
, I
. Ah
ma
d
5
1
,2,3,4
MiNE,
Ce
T
RI,
Facu
lty
of El
ec
tron
ic
s
and
Co
m
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
r
ing,
Univ
ersit
i
T
ekni
ka
l
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
Mel
aka
,
Ma
lays
ia
1
Facul
t
y
of Engi
nee
ring
and
Buil
t
Env
ironment,
Li
ncol
n
Univer
si
t
y
Coll
ege
,
Ma
lay
sia
5
Coll
ege of
Enginee
ring
(CoE)
,
Univer
siti
Te
n
ag
a
Nasiona
l
(UN
I
TE
N),
M
al
a
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
4
, 2
02
0
Re
vised
A
pr
4
,
2021
Accepte
d
J
un
1
1
, 202
1
Thi
s
pape
r
offe
r
s
a
sy
st
emati
c
a
naly
s
is
on
the
i
m
pac
t
of
work
func
ti
on
(W
F)
var
iations
on
elec
trost
at
i
c
and
rad
io
fre
quen
c
y
(RF)
per
form
a
nce
s
of
n
-
cha
nne
l
jun
ctio
nle
ss
strai
n
ed
d
ouble
g
at
e
(DG
)
(n
-
JLSD
GM
)
m
et
al
ox
ide
sem
ic
on
duct
or
fie
ld
eff
ec
t
tr
a
nsistor
(
MO
S
F
ET
)
.
Th
e
study
has
bee
n
per
form
ed
unde
r
othe
consta
n
t
le
ve
l
of
design
par
amete
rs
th
at
oper
ates
in
satura
t
ion
as
a
tra
nsconduc
ta
nc
e
amplifier,
con
sideri
ng
th
e
dep
ende
nc
e
of
el
e
ct
rosta
ti
c
and
RF
per
form
anc
e
on
the
var
i
at
io
n
of
WF.
Furthermore,
thi
s
pape
r
ai
m
s
to
pr
ovide
ph
y
sic
al
i
nsight
int
o
the
i
m
prove
d
el
e
ct
ro
stat
ic
and
RF
per
form
anc
es
of
the
proposed
n
-
JLSD
GM
devi
ce
.
Th
e
dev
ice
lay
out
and
cha
ra
cteri
sti
cs
were
d
esigne
d
and
ext
r
ac
t
ed
r
espe
c
ti
vely
vi
a
a
com
pre
hensiv
e
2
-
D
si
m
ula
ti
on.
Devic
e
p
erf
orm
a
nce
s
such
as
on
-
stat
e
cur
ren
t
(I
ON
),
off
-
state
cur
ren
t
(I
OF
F
),
on
-
off
cur
ren
t
rat
io
,
subthreshold
sw
ing
(S
S
),
int
rinsi
c
ca
pa
ci
t
ances,
d
ynamic
power
di
ss
ipa
ti
on
(P
d
y
n
),
cut
-
off
fre
qu
en
c
y
(f
T
)
and
m
axi
m
um
o
scillat
ion
fre
quen
c
y
(f
ma
x
)
are
i
nte
nsively
inves
ti
gat
ed
in
conj
unc
ti
on
wi
th
W
F va
riations.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Cut
-
off
freq
ue
ncy
Dynam
ic
p
ow
e
r dissi
patio
n
In
tri
ns
ic
ca
pacit
ances
Ma
xim
u
m
o
scilla
ti
on
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
Off
-
sta
te
c
urre
nt
On
-
off
r
at
io
On
-
sta
te
curre
nt
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Fauziy
ah Sal
eh
uddin
Mi
cro
a
nd N
a
no Elec
tr
on
ic
s
(M
iNE),
Ce
ntre
for
Tel
ecom
m
un
ic
at
io
n
Re
se
arch an
d Inn
ovat
ion
(CeTR
I
)
Faculty
of Elec
tro
ni
cs an
d
C
om
pu
te
r
En
gin
e
erin
g
(
FKEK
K
)
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knikal M
al
ay
sia
Mel
aka
Hang T
ua
h
Jay
a, Du
rian
T
unggal
, 761
00 Mel
aka
, Mal
ay
sia
Em
a
il
:
fau
zi
ya
h@utem
.ed
u.m
y
No
m
enclat
ur
es
C
gd
Gate
-
to
-
drai
n c
apacit
ance
L
g
Gate le
ngth
C
gg
Gate
-
to
-
gate/
pa
rasit
ic
capacit
anc
e
P
dyn
Power dyn
am
i
c d
issi
patio
n
C
gs
Gate
-
to
-
s
ource
capacit
ance
N
ch
Chan
nel
doping c
on
ce
ntrati
on
f
max
Ma
xim
u
m
o
scilla
ti
on
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
N
sd
Sour
ce/
dr
ai
n d
op
i
ng conce
ntr
at
ion
f
T
C
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
R
g
Gate resist
a
nce
g
m
T
r
a
n
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
T
Si
Sil
ic
on
thic
kne
ss
I
OFF
Off
-
sta
te
c
urre
nt
T
SiGe
Sil
ic
on
-
Ger
m
anium
thickn
ess
I
ON
On
-
sta
te
curre
nt
T
TiO2
Tit
anium
d
iox
i
de
thic
kn
e
ss
L
ch
Chan
nel len
gth
Abbreviat
io
ns
Gr
ee
k Sy
m
bo
ls
SCE
Shor
t c
ha
nn
el
eff
ect
τ
int
In
tri
ns
ic
gate de
la
y
SS
Subth
reshold
s
wing
WF
Me
ta
l wo
r
k f
unct
ion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Work
f
un
ct
io
n variati
ons
on e
le
ct
ro
stati
c an
d
RF
p
e
rfor
mances
of JL
SDG
M D
evi
ce
(
K K
. E. Ka
harudin
)
151
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ov
e
r
the
past
deca
de,
the
transist
or’s
la
youts
hea
vily
rely
on
the
f
orm
at
ion
of
ju
nc
ti
on
s.
Th
e
pr
ese
nce
of
j
unct
ions
beco
m
e
extrem
el
y
i
m
portant
for
bloc
king
a
nd
al
lo
wing
the
c
urre
nt
to
flo
w
a
s
t
he
gate
bias
is
app
li
ed
.
Th
os
e
ju
ncti
on
s
a
re
com
m
on
ly
patte
r
ne
d
based
on
the
locat
ion
of
tw
o
op
po
sit
e
pol
arit
y’s
reg
i
on
s
t
hat
pl
aced
be
sides
one
an
oth
e
r,
kn
own
as
t
he
p
-
n
j
unct
io
n.
How
ever,
as
the
tra
ns
ist
or
dim
ension
is
furthe
r
shrin
kin
g,
the
fa
br
ic
at
ion
pr
ocess
of
the
j
unct
io
n
tra
ns
ist
ors
i
s
bec
om
ing
qu
it
e
co
m
pl
ic
at
ed
du
e
to
the
requirem
ent
of
extrem
el
y
low
the
rm
al
bu
dget
pr
ocessin
g.
The
lo
w
the
r
m
al
bu
dget
processin
g
is
re
quire
d
t
o
form
a
j
unct
io
n
with
hi
gh
do
ping
gr
a
dient,
wh
il
e
a
vo
i
ding
the
dopa
nt
re
distrib
ution
w
hich
c
ould
a
ffec
t
the
tran
sist
or
pe
rfo
rm
ance
[1
]
-
[
3]
.
The
refor
e
,
j
unct
ion
le
ss
c
onf
igurat
ion
is
i
ntrod
uced
as
a
n
al
te
rn
at
ive
tra
nsi
sto
r
structu
re
that
would
av
oid
s
uch
i
ntricat
e
f
abr
ic
at
io
n
pr
oc
ess.
K
hor
ram
rouz
,
et
al.
ha
s
m
entioned
t
hat
the
process
v
ariat
ion
in
j
unct
io
nl
ess
transisto
rs
m
igh
t
be
avo
i
da
ble
bu
t
the
un
certai
nties
cau
sed
by
the
ins
ul
at
ing
thickne
ss c
ou
l
d
al
te
r
t
he
s
ha
pe
of the
en
e
rg
y
b
a
nd d
ia
gr
am
[3]
.
The
first
paten
t
of
junc
ti
on
le
ss
tran
sist
or
ha
ve
been
in
ven
t
ed
by
the
A
us
tria
n
-
H
unga
rian
physi
ci
st,
Ju
li
us
E
dgar
L
il
ie
nf
ie
ld
on
22
Oct
ober
1925
[
4]
.
T
he
tra
ns
ist
or
in
ven
te
d
by
Lil
ie
nfi
el
d
co
ns
ist
s
of
a
thin
sem
ic
on
duct
or
fil
m
,
dep
osi
te
d
on
a
thin
la
y
er
of
ins
ulator
pr
otect
ed
by
a
m
et
al
e
le
ct
ro
de
.
The
m
et
al
electrode
functi
ons
as
a
gate
w
hich
c
on
t
ro
ls
t
he
c
onduct
in
g
c
ha
nnel
.
T
he
w
orki
ng
pri
nci
ple
is
m
a
inly
based
on
t
he
currents
flo
w
i
n
the
resist
ors
betwee
n
tw
o
m
et
al
el
ec
trodes,
sim
i
la
r
to
the
m
od
er
n
m
etal
ox
i
de
sem
ico
n
duct
or
fiel
d
eff
ect
tra
ns
ist
or
(MO
SF
ET)
de
vice
in
wh
ic
h
the
drai
n
cu
rr
e
nt
flo
w
s
betwee
n
sour
ce
and
dr
ai
n
re
gions.
The
Lil
ie
nf
ie
ld’s
tra
ns
ist
or
si
m
ply
beh
ave
s
as
a
resist
or
that
al
lows
t
he
thin
sem
ico
nd
ucto
r
la
ye
r
to
be
dep
le
te
d
as
ce
rtai
n
gate
bias
is
app
l
ie
d,
th
us
m
od
ulati
ng
it
s
carriers.
T
he
key
featu
re
of
the
ju
nctio
nless
transisto
r
is
th
e
creati
on
of
a
n
ultra
-
thi
n
sil
ic
on
(S
i)
bo
dy
that
al
lows
c
om
ple
te
dep
le
ti
on
of
m
os
t
carriers
i
n
the
cha
nn
el
as
the
de
vice
is
tur
ned
on
[5
]
,
[
6]
.
Als
o,
t
he
ultrat
hin
Si
body
has
t
o
be
hea
vily
doped
for
al
lowing
an
a
de
qu
at
e
am
ou
nt o
f
c
urren
t
fl
ow
to
tur
n
the
de
vi
ce
on
.
J
unct
io
nless
co
nf
i
gura
ti
on
has
bee
n
f
ound
to
be
ap
plied
to
m
os
t
of
fu
ll
y
dep
le
te
d
de
vic
es
su
ch
S
OI
MOSFET
,
Fin
FETs,
Mult
iga
te
FETs,
π
-
gat
e
FETs,
Ω
-
gate
FETs a
nd G
at
e
-
al
l
-
A
r
ound F
ETs,
v
e
rtic
al
MOSF
E
Ts and
na
nowi
re
dev
ic
es
[7
]
-
[
11]
.
Ther
e
ha
ve
be
en
so
m
e
sign
if
ic
ant
prob
le
m
s
with
ag
gr
es
siv
e
transisto
r
sca
li
ng
,
s
uch
as
s
hort
cha
nn
el
eff
ect
s
(S
CE
),
i
m
pact
ion
iz
a
ti
on
s,
an
d
gat
e
le
aka
ge
[12
]
-
[
14]
.
The
refo
re,
num
ero
us
cha
nnel
e
ngin
eerin
g
appr
oach
es
ha
ve
bee
n
pro
pose
d
to
count
er
these
issue
s
[15
]
-
[
17]
.
High
-
k/m
et
al
-
gate
(HKMG
)
sta
ck
te
chnolo
gy is one the
co
m
m
on
a
ppro
ac
h
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l t
he
g
at
e
le
akag
e c
urre
nt
[18
]
-
[
20]
. T
he
HKMG i
ntegrat
io
n
offer
s
a
n
al
te
r
native
opti
on
in
m
ini
m
iz
ing
the
gate
le
aka
ge
with
out
ha
ving
to
re
duce
the
thick
ness
of
th
e
insu
la
to
r
f
or
sa
m
e
intrinsic
capaci
ta
nces
[2
1]
.
Re
zel
i
et
al.
ha
ve
sta
te
d
that
par
am
et
er
depend
e
ncies
s
houl
d
be
caref
ully
con
s
idere
d
in
H
K
MG
base
d
t
ra
ns
ist
or
due
t
o
inco
ns
ist
ent
at
om
con
fig
urat
ion
at
the
s
urface
m
at
erial
[15]
.
B
esi
des
HK
M
G,
strai
ne
d
e
ng
i
neer
i
ng
is
al
so
a
n
e
ff
ect
ive
ap
proac
h
to
ove
rco
m
e
the
li
m
i
t
of
transisto
r’
s
sca
li
ng
[22]
.
It
ha
s
bee
n
pro
ven
to
pr
ov
i
de
a
sign
i
ficant
boos
t
in
the
tran
sist
or’s
el
ect
r
os
ta
ti
c
an
d
rad
i
o
f
re
quenc
y
(RF)
perfor
m
ance
by
integrati
ng
sil
ic
on
-
ger
m
anium
(S
iGe
)
on
sil
i
con
la
ye
r
(str
ai
ne
d
channel)
,
w
hile
keep
i
ng
the
com
patibil
ity
with
com
plem
entary
m
et
a
l
ox
ide
sem
ico
nd
ucto
r
(CM
OS)
te
chnolo
gy
[
23]
.
The
placem
e
nt
of
H
KM
G
la
ye
rs
on
the
to
p
of
th
e
strai
ne
d
c
hannel
co
ul
d
f
ur
t
her
en
ha
nc
e
the
carriers
m
ob
il
it
y
wh
il
e
m
a
intai
nin
g
acce
ptable
le
akag
e
cu
rr
e
nt
(I
OFF
)
[24
]
,
[
25]
ha
ve
em
ph
asi
zed
that
strai
n
-
eng
i
neer
e
d
SiGe
-
base
d
c
hannel
im
pr
ov
e
d
t
he
tra
ns
ist
or
pe
rfor
m
ance
but
the
var
ia
bili
ty
i
m
pact
on
ultr
a
-
scal
e
nano
wire
res
ulti
ng
in
str
ong
V
th
var
ia
ti
ons
s
hould be
ser
i
ously
lo
ok
e
d
i
nto
[26]
.
The
i
m
pact
of
wo
r
k
f
un
ct
io
n
(
WF)
en
gine
erin
g
towa
rd
s
el
ect
ro
sta
ti
c
and
RF
pe
rf
orm
ance
of
a
transisto
r
is
ve
ry
cru
ci
al
,
es
pe
ci
al
ly
with
trem
end
ous
gro
w
th
in
the
RF
wireless
te
ch
no
l
ogie
s
an
d
the
de
m
and
for
lo
w
-
c
os
t
hi
gh
-
s
peed
R
F
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
T
he
W
F
e
ng
i
neeri
ng
of
CM
OS
t
echnolo
gy
re
quires
the
i
nteg
r
at
ion
of
diff
e
re
nt
H
KMG
m
at
erials
fo
r
NMO
S
and
PM
OS
.
T
unin
g
the
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
WF
that
m
at
ch
the
HK
MG
pro
per
ti
es
bec
om
es
a
cru
ci
al
factor
in
achievin
g
a
bette
r
el
ect
ro
s
ta
ti
c
and
RF
per
f
orm
ances
of
a
transisto
r
[27
]
-
[
29]
.
In
our
rece
nt
works,
t
he
im
pact
of
gate
le
ng
t
h
var
ia
ti
ons
on
the
n
-
c
ha
nn
el
Junct
io
nless
Strai
ned
DG
-
MO
SFET
(n
-
JLS
D
GM)
perform
ances
hav
e
been
st
udie
d
an
d
a
naly
zed
[
11
]
.
T
he
resu
lt
s
ha
ve
s
howe
d
excell
ent
de
vi
ce
pro
per
ti
es
wh
e
re
bo
t
h
I
ON
and
g
m
(
max)
wer
e
est
im
at
e
d
at
16
80
µ
A/
µ
m
and
2.
79
m
S
/µ
m
resp
ect
ively
.
Anothe
r
pu
blishe
d
wor
k
em
ph
asi
zed
on
the
i
m
pact
of
strai
n
cha
nn
el
on
n
-
JL
SDGM
pro
per
t
ie
s
[
25
]
.
The
re
su
lt
s
r
eveal
the
ad
opti
on
of
st
rain
eff
ect
has
tre
m
end
ously
en
han
ce
d
the
c
ha
nn
el
m
ob
il
i
ty
,
on
-
sta
te
current,
on
-
off
rati
o
a
nd
t
ran
sc
onduct
an
ce
of
t
he
dev
ic
e.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
th
is
pap
e
r
f
oc
us
e
s
on
a
syst
e
m
atic
analy
sis
of
the
im
pact
of
WF
var
ia
ti
on
on
th
e
el
ect
ro
sta
ti
c
and
RF
outp
uts
of
the
n
-
JLS
DG
M
dev
ic
e.
The
pa
per
is
struct
ur
e
d
as
f
ollow
s:
sect
io
n
2
ex
plains
the
n
-
JL
SDGM’s
di
m
ension
a
nd
the
2
-
D
si
m
ulati
on
via
Sil
vaco
At
he
na
an
d
Atla
s
resp
ect
ively
.
S
ect
ion
3
pro
vid
es
a
com
pr
e
hensi
v
e
stu
dy
of
th
e
i
m
pact
of
WF
var
ia
ti
on
on
the
el
ect
r
os
ta
ti
c
an
d
RF
perf
or
m
ances
in
t
he
n
-
JL
SDGM
de
vice.
Fin
al
ly
,
the
con
cl
us
io
ns
a
nd
fu
t
ur
e
w
ork
a
re
br
ie
fly
discu
ssed
i
n
sect
io
n 4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
1
5
0
-
1
6
1
152
2.
DEVICE
DI
MENSIO
N A
ND SI
MU
L
A
TION
Figures
1
a
nd
2,
res
pecti
vely
,
dis
play
the
si
m
ula
ti
on
fl
ow
and
cr
os
s
-
sect
ion
la
yout
for
n
-
J
LSDGM
dev
ic
e.
T
he
m
ai
n
substrat
e
of
this
de
vice
was
base
d
on
SiGe
m
at
eria
l
(G
e<
20%)
with
a
thick
ness
of
8n
m
,
m
ai
nly
op
te
d
due
to
it
s
la
rg
er
la
ttice
con
sta
nt
than
Si
[30]
.
The
ultrat
hi
n
S
i
la
ye
r
(1
n
m
)
was
the
n
depo
sit
ed
on
t
he
top
of
t
he
m
ai
n
SiGe
la
ye
r,
thu
s
for
m
ing
a
strai
ne
d
Si
la
ye
r.
The
strai
ned
e
ff
ect
on
the
Si
la
yer
was
fun
dam
ental
l
y ca
us
e
d by the s
tret
ched Si at
om
s as its
m
ajo
rity
tryi
ng
to
c
oor
din
at
e
with
t
he
at
om
s
of
Si
Ge.
Nex
t,
the
str
a
ined
SiGe
a
nd
Si
la
ye
rs
w
ere
hea
vily
dope
d
with
1x10
17
cm
-
3
of
A
rsen
ic
dose
(n
-
ty
pe).
T
un
gs
te
n
sil
ic
ide
(
WSi
2
)
la
ye
r
was
opte
d
f
or
the
gate
m
at
erial
du
e
to
it
s
s
up
e
rio
r
tu
na
bl
e
WF
[31
]
-
[
33]
.
The
t
op
an
d
bott
om
gate
config
ur
at
io
n
was
intende
d
t
o
boos
t
t
he
gate
c
ontr
ollabil
it
y
over
th
e
strai
ned
c
hann
el
,
thereb
y
im
p
rovin
g
the
car
r
ie
r’
s
m
ob
il
it
y.
The
le
ngth
of
the
gate
(L
g
)
of
the
pro
po
se
d
de
vice
was
scal
ed
to
appr
ox
im
at
ely
6
nm
.
The
W
S
i
2
la
ye
r
was
then
placed
on
the
high
-
k
diele
ct
ric
la
ye
r
to
avo
i
d
po
te
nti
al
d
efec
ts at
the insula
t
or
/
gate bo
unda
ries that
would ca
us
e
the t
hr
es
ho
l
d vo
lt
ag
e (
V
th
) pin
ning.
Du
e
to
it
s
high
diele
ct
ric
allow
a
bili
ty
(~8
5eV),
ti
ta
niu
m
dio
xi
de
(TiO
2
)
was
ch
os
en
as
a
gate
diele
ct
ric
(insu
la
tor)
.
The
util
iz
at
ion
of
TiO
2
as
the
gate
di
el
ect
ric
op
e
ne
d
the
possibil
it
y
to
app
ly
thi
cker
insu
la
to
r
f
or
t
he
m
et
al
-
gate.
The
TiO
2
la
ye
r
(
~85
e
V)
c
ould b
e
scal
ed
a
ppr
ox
im
at
el
y
21
ti
m
es
thicker
tha
n
the
sil
ic
on
dioxide
,
SiO
2
(3.9
e
V
),
there
by
m
ini
m
iz
ing
the
le
akag
e
wh
il
e
ke
epin
g
the
sam
e
capaci
ta
nce
as
SiO
2
la
ye
r.
E
qu
i
valent
oxi
de
thic
kness
(E
OT
)
is
a
m
erit
figu
re
to
in
dicat
e
the
necessa
ry
SiO
2
la
ye
r
thic
kn
es
s
tha
t
would
ha
ve
a
n
eff
ect
cl
os
e
to
that
of
a
certai
n
hi
gh
-
k
diele
c
tric
m
at
erial
.
Hen
ce
,
the
E
O
T
for
the
n
-
JL
SDGM
dev
ic
e c
an
b
e
c
om
pu
te
d
as:
(1)
wh
e
re
Ԑ
SiO2
is
the
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
of
Si
O
2
(
3.9
e
V)
,
Ԑ
high
-
k
is
th
e
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
of
hi
gh
-
k
diele
ct
ric
an
d
T
high
-
k
is
the
ph
ysi
cal
thick
ne
ss
of
high
-
k
di
el
ect
ric.
Since
the
TiO
2
(~85
eV)
with
3nm
of
thic
kn
e
ss
was
em
plo
ye
d
as
the
gate ins
ulato
r,
the
E
OT
of the
ins
ula
tor f
or
t
he n
-
J
LSDGM
d
e
vice wa
s c
om
pu
te
d
to
be 0
.138 nm
.
Figure
1. Sim
ulati
on
pr
ocess f
low f
or
n
-
JLS
DG
M
’s
desig
n
Figure
2. Cr
os
s
-
sect
ion
al
lay
out o
f n
-
JLS
DGM
dev
ic
e
The
ne
xt
proc
ess
was
sou
rc
e/
dr
ai
n
(S
/
D)
doping
i
n
wh
i
ch
the
S/D
re
gions
wer
e
in
f
us
e
d
with
th
e
si
m
il
ar
dopan
t
ty
pe
us
e
d
i
n
c
hannel
dopi
ng
process
(
Ar
se
ni
c).
T
his
proce
ss
wa
s
perfor
m
ed
in
orde
r
t
o
s
ha
pe
the
N
N+
N
c
onfi
gurati
on,
s
o
that
no
jun
ct
io
ns
wer
e
create
d
betwee
n
c
ha
nn
el
an
d
S/D
r
egio
ns
(J
un
ct
io
nless)
.
Du
e
to
j
unct
i
on
le
ss
c
onfig
urat
ion,
the
str
ai
ned
cha
nnel
was
sign
i
ficantl
y
dep
en
de
d
on
the
hi
gh
doping
con
ce
ntrati
on
t
o
ins
ure
a
la
r
ge
dr
i
ve
c
urren
t.
The
m
et
al
l
iz
ation
process
wa
s
then
car
ried
ou
t
by
de
posit
ing
th
e
al
umi
nu
m
la
yer
on
t
he
e
ntire
surface
of
the
de
vice
str
uctu
re.
B
oth
c
onta
ct
s
an
d
el
ect
rodes
wer
e
f
or
m
ed
by
et
ching
the
unwan
te
d
al
um
in
um
la
ye
r.
Lastly,
the
structure
was
m
irro
re
d
in
bo
t
h
x
an
d
y
axis
to
form
a
com
plete
n
-
JL
SDGM. T
he de
sign pa
ram
et
er
s u
se
d for sim
ulati
ng
the
d
e
vi
ce are li
ste
d i
n Table
1.
k
h
i
g
h
k
h
i
g
h
S
i
O
T
E
O
T
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Work
f
un
ct
io
n variati
ons
on e
le
ct
ro
stati
c an
d
RF
p
e
rfor
mances
of JL
SDG
M D
evi
ce
(
K K
. E. Ka
harudin
)
153
Table
1.
Desig
n
par
am
et
ers
use
d
i
n
the
sim
u
la
te
d
n
-
JLS
D
G
M
de
vice
[
11
]
,
[
25]
Desig
n
Par
a
m
eters
Un
its
Valu
e
SiGe T
h
ick
n
ess
,
T
S
iGe
nm
8
Si T
h
ick
n
ess
,
T
Si
nm
1
TiO
2
Thic
k
n
ess
,
T
T
iO2
nm
3
Gate Len
g
th
,
L
g
nm
6
Ch
an
n
el do
p
i
n
g
,
N
ch
cm
-
3
1
.0E1
7
S/D do
p
in
g
,
N
sd
cm
-
3
1
.0E1
3
Metal
wo
rk
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
WF
eV
4
.6
-
4
.8
The
extracti
on
of
the
de
vice
char
act
erist
ic
s
fo
r
n
-
JL
SDG
M
dev
ic
e
was
carried
out
by
us
ing
2
-
D
nu
m
erical
ATLA
S
sim
ul
at
or
[34]
.
For
the
pur
po
se
of
this
stud
y,
the
drai
n
-
to
-
s
ource
vo
lt
age
(V
ds
)
was
fixe
d
at
V
ds
=0.5
V
w
hile
t
he
gate
-
to
-
source
vo
lt
age
(V
gs
)
was
sh
ifte
d
f
r
om
0V
to
1V.
T
he
inv
est
igati
on
on
t
he
i
m
pact
of
WF
var
ia
ti
on
to
wa
r
ds
el
ect
r
os
ta
ti
c
an
d
RF
pe
rfo
r
m
ance
was
pe
r
form
ed
at
co
nst
ant
drai
n
-
to
-
s
ource
vo
lt
age
,
V
d
s
=
0.5
V
(
V
DD
/2
)
f
or
co
ns
ide
rin
g
the
dev
ic
e
subth
r
esh
old
be
ha
viors.
The
dir
ect
current
(
D
C)
a
nd
al
te
rn
at
ing
c
urren
t
(
AC)
a
na
ly
sis
of
el
ect
ro
sta
ti
c
and
R
F
perf
or
m
ance
in
the
n
-
JL
SDGM
de
vice
have
consi
der
e
d
t
he
deterio
rati
on
in
m
ob
il
it
y
wit
hin
t
he
strai
ne
d
c
hannel
that
m
igh
t
occ
ur
du
e
to
inc
rease
d
su
r
face
d
ispe
rsion
nea
r
the
TiO
2
inte
rf
ace
of
the
sil
ic
on
.
T
hus,
the
dev
ic
e
sim
ula
ti
on
was
set
up
by
co
ns
i
der
i
ng
t
he
Lom
bar
di C
V
T
an
d
te
m
per
at
ur
e
m
ob
il
it
y
mo
del t
o
e
xp
li
ci
tl
y pr
e
dict t
he n
-
JLD
G
VM’s
behavi
or
s
.
Su
c
h
m
ob
il
ity
m
od
el
s
env
isa
ge
d
the
eff
ect
of
tra
ns
ve
rse
fiel
ds
al
on
gs
i
de
dopi
ng
a
nd
tem
per
at
ur
e
-
re
ta
te
d
m
ob
il
it
y
par
am
et
ers.
Furtherm
or
e,
the
Shockley
–
Re
a
d
–
Hall
reco
m
bin
at
ion
(S
R
H)
m
od
el
was
em
plo
ye
d
to
ta
ke
t
he
ph
onon
tra
ns
it
io
n
eff
ect
s
int
o
ac
count
wh
e
n
predict
ing
t
he
le
akag
e
be
ha
vior
s.
T
he
dev
ic
e
sim
ulatio
n
dep
e
nded
upon
a
preci
se
pr
e
dicti
on
of
the
DC
an
d
AC
cha
racteri
sti
cs,
com
pr
isi
ng
t
he
qu
a
ntu
m
eff
ec
ts.
Hen
ce
,
the
qu
a
ntu
m
dr
if
t
-
dif
fu
si
on
m
od
el
s
we
re
ad
opte
d
f
or
carri
er
trans
port
of
the
n
-
J
LSDGM
de
vice
f
or
bette
r
accuracy
of
ex
tract
ed
DC
an
d
AC
c
har
act
e
r
ist
ic
s,
especial
ly
for
belo
w
20nm
of
eff
ect
ive
ch
a
nn
el
leng
th
(L
eff
).
3.
IMP
AC
T
OF
THE
WO
RK FUNCTIO
N VARI
ATIO
N
S O
N JLSD
G
M’S PE
RFO
RMA
NC
E
Wor
k
functi
on
(
W
F
)
of
tra
nsi
stors
can
be
t
un
e
d
in
m
any
ways
su
c
h
as
m
olecular
do
pi
ng,
sta
ckin
g
bi
-
m
et
al
la
ye
r,
and
c
hem
i
cal
vapo
r
de
posit
ion
c
ontr
ol.
I
n
this
stud
y,
w
ork
f
unct
ion
(
WF)
ha
s
bee
n
tu
ned
by
doping
TiSi
2
/WSi
2
sta
ck
with
diff
e
re
nt
ars
enic
co
nce
ntra
ti
on
,
ra
ng
i
ng
f
ro
m
4.6
e
V
to
4.8
e
V.
T
o
e
xpli
ci
tl
y
inv
est
igate
on
the
im
pact
of
w
ork
functi
on
(
WF)
va
riat
ion
s
to
wards
the
n
-
J
LS
DG
M
’s
perform
ances,
the
si
m
ulati
on
r
es
ults hav
e b
ee
n divide
d
into tw
o
dif
fer
e
nt cate
gories whic
h
a
re elect
ro
sta
ti
c p
er
form
ance an
d
RF
perform
ance.
Desp
it
e
of
havi
ng
dif
fer
e
nt
st
ru
ct
ur
e,
the
de
finiti
on
an
d
gr
aph
ic
al
e
xtract
ion
of
the
n
-
JL
SDGM
dev
ic
e a
re s
ti
ll
si
m
il
ar w
it
h
th
e co
nv
e
ntio
nal
double
-
gate MOSFE
T.
3.1.
El
ectro
st
at
ic
perf
orm
ance
s
The
com
bin
ed plot of
I
ds
-
V
gs
trans
fer
c
har
act
erist
ic
s at a con
sta
nt
V
ds
=0
.5V w
it
h
di
ff
e
re
nt
WF
in both
li
near
an
d
log
scal
es
fo
r
n
-
J
L
SDGM
dev
ic
e
are
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
3.
It
shows
the
im
pact
of
dif
fer
e
nt
WF
on
I
ds
-
V
gs
trans
fer
char
act
e
risti
cs
at
a
con
sta
nt
V
ds
=0.
5
V,
sh
ifti
ng
the
c
urves
f
ro
m
0
V
to
1
V.
It
is
ob
se
rved
that
the
I
ds
of
n
-
JL
SDGM
is
in
ve
rsely
pro
portio
nal
with
the
WF
va
riat
ion
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
I
ds
increase
s
as
t
he
WF
decr
ease
s.
Figure
3
.
Com
bin
e
d
plo
t
of
I
ds
-
V
gs
tran
sfe
r
c
har
act
erist
ic
s a
t
V
ds
=0.5V
w
it
h diff
e
re
nt
WF
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
1
5
0
-
1
6
1
154
This
i
m
plies
t
hat
higher
WF
yi
el
ds
hig
her
thres
ho
l
d
volt
age
(V
th
)
w
hich
def
init
el
y
reduces
the
rate
of
I
ds
im
pr
ov
e
m
ent o
ve
r
the
incr
ease
d
gate
bias.
W
it
h
lo
w
er
WF
,
the elec
tro
n
m
ob
il
it
y in
the
de
plete
d chan
nel
beco
m
es
incre
ased
due
to
re
du
ce
d
el
ect
ric
fiel
d,
the
reb
y
i
ncr
easi
ng
t
he
on
-
sta
te
cu
rr
e
nt
(I
ON
)
as
sho
wn
i
n
Figure
4.
It
is
ob
s
er
ved
that
t
he
I
ON
is
increased
by
ap
pro
xim
a
te
ly
35
%
as
t
he
WF
is
red
uce
d
f
ro
m
4.
8
eV
to
4.6 e
V.
Since
the
valu
e
of
I
ON
is
total
ly
dep
en
ded
on
t
he
V
th
,
the
V
th
value
m
us
t
be
care
fu
ll
y
adjuste
d
by
tun
in
g
the
co
rrec
t
m
et
a
l
WF
.
As
for
n
-
JLS
DG
M
de
vice,
decr
easi
ng
th
e
WF
would
co
ntribute
to
lowe
r
V
th
,
thu
s
inc
reasin
g
the
I
ON
.
T
his
i
s
in
a
greem
ent
with
t
he
re
su
lt
s
re
ported
by
[21
]
,
[
29
]
,
[
35]
. Based
on
the
r
esults,
the
highest
re
corde
d
I
ON
is
dem
on
strat
ed
by
the
n
-
JL
S
DG
M
de
vice
with
WF
=4
.6
wh
ic
h
is
m
eas
ur
e
d
at
appr
ox
im
at
ely
1951
µA/µm
.
Fr
om
the
le
a
kag
e
perspecti
ve,
the
off
-
sta
t
e
current
(
I
OFF
)
ex
hib
it
s
a
co
ns
ta
nt
value
un
ti
l
the
WF
is
reduce
d
to
4.6
eV
a
s
dep
ic
te
d
in
Figure
5.
T
he
plo
t
cl
early
shows
t
hat
the
I
OFF
is
increase
d
by
appr
ox
im
at
ely
56%
as
the
WF
of
the
n
-
JLS
DG
M
de
vice
is
fu
rt
her
re
duc
ed
belo
w
4.7
e
V.
T
he
resu
lt
im
plies
that
a
lowe
r
WF
w
ou
l
d
con
t
rib
ute
to
m
uch
la
rg
er
l
eakag
e
cu
rr
e
nt
wh
ic
h
eve
nt
ually
deterio
rati
ng
t
he
n
-
J
LS
DG
M
’s
perform
ance.
S
uch
beh
a
vi
or
is
m
ai
nly
du
e
to
le
sser
ba
rr
ie
rs
in
the
c
hannel
wh
ic
h
m
igh
t fa
il
to
preve
nt th
e excessi
ve
el
e
ct
rons f
r
om
b
ei
ng leake
d
as
th
e
WF
is
furthe
r
r
e
du
ce
d.
Figure
4
.
Plot
of on
-
sta
te
c
urr
ent (I
ON
) vers
us w
ork
functi
on (WF
)
Figure
5
.
Plot
of off
-
sta
te
cur
ren
t
(I
OFF
) ve
rs
us
wor
k
functi
on (WF
)
The
e
ff
ect
of
WF
va
riat
ion
towa
r
ds
on
-
off
rati
o
of
t
he
n
-
J
LSD
GM
dev
ic
e
is
al
so
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
6.
It
is
show
n
th
at
the
n
-
JLS
D
GM
de
vice
ex
hib
it
s
ra
ndom
patte
rn
of
va
riat
ion
in
on
-
off
rati
o
as
the
WF
is
reduce
d
f
r
om
4.8
e
V
to
4.6
e
V.
T
his
is
pr
e
dom
inantly
du
e
to
the
unpredic
ta
ble
le
akage
be
hav
i
or
to
ward
s
th
e
WF
va
riat
ion
.
The
highest
on
-
off
rati
o
is
dem
on
strat
ed
by
the
n
-
JL
S
DG
M
de
vice
with
4.7
e
V
wh
ic
h
i
s
m
easur
ed
at
4.7x1
0
-
5
.
Hi
gher
on
-
off
rati
o
is
al
ways
de
sirable
f
or
at
ta
ining
m
uch
lowe
r
sta
ti
c
po
we
r
dissipati
on es
pe
ci
al
ly
in
dig
it
al
circuit de
sig
ns
.
Subth
reshold
s
wing
(
SS)
is
a
no
t
her
el
ect
ric
al
char
act
erist
i
c
that
are
cr
uc
ia
l
fo
r
a
naly
zi
ng
t
he
s
hort
channel
beh
a
vi
or
s
i
n
n
-
JL
SDGM
de
vice.
It
is
us
e
d
to
i
nd
i
cat
e
how
m
uch
the
V
gs
re
qu
i
red
i
ncr
easi
ng
the
I
ds
by
one
deca
de.
It
al
so
i
m
plies
how
ef
fecti
ve
the
curre
nt
flo
w
can
be
halte
d
as
the
V
gs
is
r
edu
ce
d
belo
w
V
th
.
A
transisto
r
with
sm
aller
SS
va
lue
no
rm
ally
dem
on
strat
es
m
uch
faster
s
witc
hing
ca
pa
bili
ty
since
le
ss
V
gs
is
need
e
d
to
c
hange
the
de
vice
conditi
on
from
it
s
on
-
sta
te
to
off
-
sta
te
or
vic
e
ver
sa.
T
he
SS
of
the
n
-
JLS
DGM
dev
ic
e is
m
at
h
e
m
at
ic
ally describe
d
as:
(2)
The
im
pact
of
WF
var
ia
ti
on
s
on
t
he
SS
f
or
n
-
JLS
DG
M
dev
ic
e
is
s
hown
i
n
Fig
ur
e
7.
As
the
WF
ranges
f
ro
m
4.6
eV
to
4.8
eV
,
it
is
ob
served
that
the
n
-
JL
S
DG
M
s
hows
a
const
ant
SS
va
lue.
The
refo
re,
it
c
an
be
ass
um
ed
that
no
s
hift
in
the
SS
val
ue
is
cause
d
by
th
e
diff
e
re
nce
in
WF
.
The
SS
is
est
i
m
at
ed
at
84.
8
m
V/decad
e
f
or
al
l
the
in
vestigat
ed
WF
ra
ng
es.
Sm
al
le
r
SS
denotes
a
n
inc
r
eased
im
m
un
ity
from
sh
or
t
-
c
hanne
l
eff
ect
s
(S
CE)
and
th
us
a
n
im
pro
ved
c
ha
nn
e
l
gate
acce
ss.
The
e
xtracted
and
cal
culat
ed
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
V
th
,
I
ON
,
I
OFF
,
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
at
io
an
d
SS
f
or
n
-
JLS
DGVM
dev
ic
e
a
re
ta
bula
te
d
in
Ta
ble
2.
In
the
ne
xt
s
ub
-
sect
io
n,
t
he
eff
ec
t
of
WF
var
ia
ti
ons
on RF
pe
rfo
rm
ances is add
resse
d.
)
(
l
o
g
10
ds
gs
I
d
dV
SS
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Work
f
un
ct
io
n variati
ons
on e
le
ct
ro
stati
c an
d
RF
p
e
rfor
mances
of JL
SDG
M D
evi
ce
(
K K
. E. Ka
harudin
)
155
Figure
6
.
Plot
of
on
-
off
c
urre
nt r
at
io
v
e
rs
us
work
functi
on (WF
)
Figure
7
.
Plot
of subth
res
ho
l
d
s
wing
(S
S
) v
ersu
s
work f
unct
ion
(
WF)
Table
2.
Elec
tr
os
ta
ti
c Per
form
ances
of n
-
JL
S
DG
M
De
vice a
t diff
e
re
nt
WF
WF
I
ON
(µ
A/µ
m
)
I
OFF
(nA/µ
m
)
I
ON
/I
O
FF
ratio (x1
0
5
)
SS (
m
V/d
ec)
4
.6
1951
7
.8
2
.5
8
4
.8
4
.7
1595
3
.4
4
.7
8
4
.8
4
.8
1275
3
.4
3
.8
8
4
.8
3.2.
R
F Per
formances
Gate
-
to
-
s
ource
capaci
ta
nce
(C
gs
),
gate
-
to
-
dr
ai
n
capaci
ta
nce
(C
gd
)
,
pa
rasit
ic
capaci
ta
nce
(C
gg
)
,
intrinsic
gate
de
la
y
(τ
int
),
dynam
ic
po
wer
di
ssipati
on
(
P
d
y
n
),
cut
-
off
fr
e
qu
ency
(f
T
)
a
nd
m
axi
m
u
m
os
cilla
ti
on
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(f
m
ax
)
are
al
l
quit
e
im
po
rtant
para
m
et
ers
to
be
exam
ined
f
rom
the
RF
desi
gn
pe
rs
pecti
ve
.
A
fte
r
po
st
-
pr
ocessin
g
DC
analy
sis,
AC
sm
all
sign
al
analy
sis
is
then
perform
ed
in
or
de
r
to
extract
intrinsic
capaci
ta
nces
(
C
gs
&
C
gd
)
and
par
a
sit
ic
capaci
ta
nce
(C
gg
).
Ca
pacit
ances
betwee
n
reg
i
ons
is
determ
in
ed
by
a
sing
le
1
M
Hz AC i
np
ut freq
ue
ncy (
f), as t
he
V
gs
are
sh
ifte
d from
0
V
t
o 1 V at a c
onsta
nt
step
of 0.0
1 V
.
The
c
om
bin
ed
plo
t
f
or
the
i
nt
rinsic
ca
pacit
ances
(C
gs
&
C
g
d
)
as
a
f
un
ct
io
n
of
V
gs
for
m
ulti
ple
WF
values
is
sho
wn
at
Fig
ur
e
8.
T
he
n
-
JLS
DG
M
de
vice
exh
i
bits
ver
y
sm
a
ll
var
ia
ti
on
in
the
C
gs
up
on
WF
adjustm
ent.
Th
e
C
gs
val
ues
of
the
dev
ic
e
f
or
al
l
the
in
vest
igate
d
WF
begi
n
to
delibe
rat
el
y
increase
as
they
reach
the
c
orre
sp
on
ding
V
TH
.
The
l
ow
est
C
gs
value
is
ob
se
r
ved
to
be
1.1
2
fF
/µ
m
,
exh
ibit
ed
by
the
de
vic
e
with
WF
=4.8 e
V.
A
par
t
from
that, the
C
gd
value
s
of
t
he device
f
or
all
the
in
ves
ti
gated WF s
how
a
n
al
m
os
t con
sta
nt
value un
ti
l t
he
y reach a hig
he
r
le
vel of
V
gs
. At
m
axi
m
u
m
V
gs
, th
e
C
gd
of
t
he
n
-
JL
SDGM
h
as
been
i
ncr
e
ased
by
arou
nd
57% as
the
WF
has be
en
de
crease
d from
4
.8
e
V
to
4.6 e
V.
T
he n
-
J
LSDGM wit
h
WF
=4.8 i
nd
ic
a
te
s the
lowest
C
gd
est
im
at
ed
at
0
.
87 fF/
μm
.
These
intri
ns
ic
capaci
ta
nces
m
igh
t
no
t
be
m
utu
al
.
In
fact
,
con
si
der
i
ng
t
he
n
-
JLS
DG
M
dev
ic
e
in
the
sat
ur
at
io
n
m
od
e,
any
va
riat
ion
of
the
V
ds
w
ou
l
d
not
co
ntr
ibu
te
any
sig
ni
ficant
var
ia
ti
on
in
the
I
ds
an
d
th
e
intrinsic
cap
aci
ta
nces
due
to
pi
nch
off
phe
nom
eno
n.
H
owev
er,
w
he
n
the
V
gs
is
var
ie
d,
a
va
riat
ion
in
I
ds
wou
l
d
happe
n,
co
ns
e
qu
e
ntly
in
du
ci
ng
va
riat
ion
in
C
gd
.
I
n
oth
e
r
words,
a
hi
ghe
r
po
te
ntial
is
app
li
ed
to
the
ga
te
,
a
higher
C
gd
would
be
in
duced
.
In
RF
an
d
hi
gh
f
re
qu
e
ncy
ci
rcu
it
s,
ve
ry
lar
ge
C
gd
is
no
t
desira
ble,
beca
us
e
this
cou
l
d
ca
us
e
a
su
bst
antia
l
del
ay
on
the
I
ds
t
o
rise
du
rin
g
on
-
sta
te
co
ndit
ion
a
nd
to
fall
duri
ng
the
off
-
sta
te
conditi
on.
Ano
ther
esse
ntial
f
eat
ur
e
to
te
st
RF
outp
ut
is
the
gate
-
to
-
gate
c
apacit
ance
(C
gg
).
C
gg
is
al
so
known
as a
par
asi
ti
c ga
te
capacit
ance
us
e
d
t
o
cal
cul
at
e
the
intri
ns
i
c g
at
e
delay
(
τ
i
nt
)
.
The
plo
t
f
or
C
gg
as
a
V
gs
f
unct
ion
with
a
c
on
sta
nt
V
ds
=0
.
5
V
f
or
m
ulti
ple
WF
ra
ng
es
is
show
n
i
n
Figure
9
.
T
he
C
gg
of
n
-
JLS
D
GM
rises
by
about
37%,
wit
h
the W
F
re
du
ced
to
4.6
eV
f
ro
m
4.
8
eV.
T
he
lowest
C
gg
has
been
de
m
on
strat
ed
by
the d
evice
with
WF
=4.8 eV
,
m
easur
ed
at
1
.
98
fF/
µm
.
Thu
s,
lowe
r
WF
can g
iv
e
a
bette
r
co
ntrol
of
the
cha
nn
el
dep
le
ti
on
a
r
ea
in
the
ultra
-
thin
fu
ll
y
depl
et
ed
body,
subse
qu
e
ntly
reducin
g
SCEs a
nd p
a
ra
sit
ic
capacit
ances
.
A
substanti
al
decr
ease
i
n
C
gg
would
res
ult
in
m
uch
le
ss
intrinsic
dela
y
at
the
gate
and
dynam
ic
powe
r
dissipat
ion
.
F
or
deter
m
ining
f
reque
ncy
lim
i
ts
of
JLSDGM,
the
intrinsic
gate
delay
(τint)
is
ver
y
i
m
po
rtant
t
o
be
co
ns
ide
re
d
.
T
he
τ
int
in
JL
SDGM dev
ic
e
is
s
ign
ific
a
ntly
relat
ed
to
the
m
agn
it
ude
of
C
gg
and
I
ds
,
m
at
he
m
at
ic
a
lly def
i
ned as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
1
5
0
-
1
6
1
156
wh
e
re
τ
int
is
th
e
intrinsic
gat
e
delay
an
d
V
DD
is
the
sup
pl
y
dr
ai
n
volt
ag
e.
Plot
f
or
τ
int
as
a
V
ds
f
un
ct
i
on
at
const
ant
V
gs
=
0.5V f
or m
ultip
le
WF
ra
ng
es
is represe
nted
i
n
Fi
gure
1
0
.
Figure
11
in
dicat
es
a
s
m
all
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
in
P
dyn
by
aro
un
d
7%
as
the
WF
decr
eases
from
4.
8
eV
to
4.6
eV.
T
hus,
it
can
be
sai
d
th
at
the
WF
var
ia
ti
on
does
not
gr
eat
ly
aff
ect
the
powe
r
dissi
pation
of
the
de
vice
.
The
dev
ic
e
with
WF
=
4.8
eV
,
m
easur
ed
at
1.78
nW
/
μm
,
shows
t
he
lo
west
P
dyn
.
Def
i
niti
vely
,
lower
C
gg
would
m
ini
m
iz
e
the
P
d
y
n
of
the
de
vice.
Re
m
ark
able
n
-
J
LSDGM’
s
f
eat
ur
es
su
c
h
a
s
ultrat
hi
n
a
nd
f
ully
de
pl
et
ed
body
would
m
ini
m
i
ze
the
par
asi
ti
c
capaci
ta
nces
between
reg
i
ons.
H
ence
,
it
i
s
cru
ci
al
to
en
su
re
the
m
agn
i
tud
e
of
C
gg
as
well
as
P
dyn
to
be
a
s
lo
w
as
possi
ble
i
n
m
ai
ntaining
an
i
deal
te
m
per
at
ur
e
f
or
the
RF
ci
rcu
it
s
[3
6]
.
An
y
sign
ific
a
nt r
ise
in
te
m
per
at
ur
e
could
deteri
orat
e the device
perform
ance eit
her
i
n on
-
sta
te
or
off
-
sta
te
.
Figure
8
.
Com
bin
e
d plot
of
C
gs
and
C
gd
as a
functi
on
of
V
gs
Figure
9
.
Plot
of
C
gg
as a
fun
ct
ion
of
V
gs
Figure
1
0
. Pl
ot
of
int
as a
func
ti
on
of V
ds
Figure
1
1
. Pl
ot
of
P
dyn
as a
fu
nction o
f
V
ds
The
τ
int
of
the
n
-
J
LSDGM
is
consi
der
a
bly
lowe
re
d,
with
the
re
duct
ion
of
WF
from
4.
8
eV
to
4.6
e
V
,
by
ar
ound
89
%
.
T
he
l
ow
est
τ
int
is
s
how
n
by
the
de
vice
w
it
h
WF
=
4.6
eV
m
easur
ed
at
4.8
ps
.
Alth
ou
gh
the
dev
ic
e
with
WF
=4.6
eV
has
the
highest
C
gg
,
it
st
il
l
exh
ibit
s
the
lowest
pro
pag
at
io
n
delay
.
Su
c
h
occ
urre
nce
is
m
ai
nly
du
e
to
the
sho
rter
pa
th
of
el
ect
ron
fl
ow
s
bet
we
en
s
ource
a
nd
dr
ai
n
re
gion
wh
ic
h
is
dom
i
nan
tl
y
gove
rn
e
d
by
the
WF
.
A
s
th
e
WF
is
red
uc
ed,
the
el
ect
r
on
densi
ty
inside
the
strai
ne
d
cha
nn
el
w
ould
be
sign
i
fica
ntly
in
creased
,
e
ven
t
ually
con
t
rib
uting
t
o
m
uch
hig
he
r
I
ds
.
Be
sid
es
that,
t
he
im
pact
of
WF
va
riat
io
n
on
C
gg
is pr
et
ty
w
ea
k,
th
us
a
ny
WF
a
djust
m
e
nts
do
not
hav
e
an
im
po
rta
nt
e
ff
ect
on
the
τ
int
.
For this
reas
on, t
he
I
ds
is re
garde
d as a
do
m
inant
con
t
ro
l
facto
r
t
o decide t
he
τ
int
for n
-
JL
SDG
M de
vice.
ds
DD
gg
I
V
C
i
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Work
f
un
ct
io
n variati
ons
on e
le
ct
ro
stati
c an
d
RF
p
e
rfor
mances
of JL
SDG
M D
evi
ce
(
K K
. E. Ka
harudin
)
157
In
tra
ns
ie
nt
a
na
ly
sis
,
the
dynam
ic
power
di
ssipati
on
(
P
d
y
n
)
is
al
so
a
n
inte
gr
al
featu
re
of
the
AC
.
As
the
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(
f)
is
co
ntinuo
usl
y
delivere
d
at
1
MHz,
C
gg
has
a
crit
ic
al
ro
le
to
play
in
evaluati
ng
th
e
P
dyn
.
The
dynam
ic
p
ow
e
r dissi
patio
n
(
P
d
y
n
)
is
m
at
he
m
a
ti
cal
ly
ex
pr
ess
ed
as:
wh
e
re
f
is
the
op
e
rati
ng
f
requen
cy
a
nd
P
dyn
is
the
dy
nam
i
c
powe
r
dissi
pa
ti
on
.
Pl
ot
P
dyn
as
the
V
ds
f
un
ct
ion
at
const
ant
V
gs
=0
.
5V for
m
ulti
pl
e
WF
ranges
is
shown i
n
Fi
gu
re
13.
A
sig
nificant
char
act
e
risti
c
i
n
the
analy
sis
of
RF
outp
ut
of
the
n
-
JLS
DG
M
de
vice
is
the
cut
-
off
fr
e
qu
e
ncy (
f
T
).
It is d
efi
ne
d
as
the freque
ncy o
f
tra
ns
it
io
n
at
wh
ic
h
the sm
al
l si
gn
al
c
urr
ent
g
ai
ns
i
nto
unit
y.
In
oth
e
r word
s,
f
T
is t
he
f
re
qu
e
nc
y wh
e
n
t
he
c
urren
t
gain
is uni
ty
w
hich
can
be m
easur
ed by:
The
plo
t
of
f
T
as
a
functi
on
of
V
gs
at
con
sta
nt
V
ds
=0
.
5
V
for
t
he
m
ulti
ple
WF
ranges
is
represente
d
i
n
Figure
1
2
.
Th
e
highest
f
T
is
obser
ve
d
to
be
23
6
G
Hz
,
dem
on
strat
e
d
by
the
n
-
J
LSDGM
de
vi
ce
with
WF
=4.8
eV
.
As
the
WF
drop
f
r
om
4.
8
eV
to
4.6
eV,
the
f
T
is
decr
e
ased
by
r
ough
ly
24
%.
This
cl
early
ind
ic
at
es
that
t
he
f
T
is
sign
ifi
cantl
y
governe
d
by
the
val
ue
of
t
he
intri
ns
ic
capaci
ta
nces
(
C
gs
&
C
gd
).
A
lowe
r
value
of
intri
nsi
c
capaci
ta
nces
is
al
ways
desi
red
to
ge
ner
at
e
m
uch
highe
r
f
T
,
especial
ly
f
or
high
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
RF
CM
OS
desi
gns.
It
is
al
so
s
how
n
that
the
f
T
of
n
-
JL
SDG
M
dev
ic
e
is
in
ver
sel
y
pr
oport
ion
al
with
th
e
g
m
in
wh
ic
h
the
m
axi
m
u
m
f
T
is
m
e
asur
e
d
at
m
ini
m
u
m
g
m
value.
The
f
T
is
sh
own
t
o
be
s
ubst
antia
ll
y
decr
eased
f
or
al
l
WF
ra
ng
es
wh
e
n
t
he gate
bias e
xceed
i
ng 0
.
8V.
Figure
1
2
. Pl
ot
of
f
T
as a
f
un
ct
ion
of
V
gs
Figure
13.
Plot
of
f
max
as a
fun
ct
ion
of
V
gs
The
f
T
is
de
fini
te
ly
an
exc
el
le
nt
in
dicat
or
f
or
low
-
c
urren
t
f
orwa
rd
tra
ns
it
ti
m
e.
H
ow
e
ver,
t
he
im
pact
of
gate
resist
ance
(R
g
),
t
hat
is
cr
ucial
to
est
i
m
at
e
the
trans
ie
nt
res
pons
e
of
the
n
-
JLS
D
G
M
dev
ic
e
,
is
e
ntirel
y
disre
garde
d
f
or
the
pe
rfor
m
ance
in
dicat
or
.
T
her
e
fore,
a
n
in
dicat
or,
know
n
as
the
m
axi
m
u
m
os
ci
ll
at
ion
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(f
m
ax
)
,
w
hich
ta
ke
s
R
g
into
acco
un
t
is
pro
pose
d
.
T
he
f
max
is
the
fr
e
quency
wh
e
re
the
unil
at
eral
acqu
isi
ti
on
of
powe
r
beco
m
es
unit
y.
I
n
othe
r
words,
it
is
the
hi
ghest
f
re
qu
e
ncy
from
wh
ic
h
the
pow
er
gain
can
be dra
w
n
out o
f
t
he
tra
ns
i
stor. T
he
f
max
f
or the
n
-
JLS
D
GM d
e
vice ca
n be m
at
hem
a
ti
c
al
ly
calc
ulate
d
by:
wh
e
re
,
f
V
C
P
DD
d
y
n
2
i
n
t
)
(
2
gd
gs
m
T
C
C
g
f
gd
g
T
C
R
f
f
8
m
a
x
)
(
2
1
gd
gs
T
g
C
C
f
R
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
1
5
0
-
1
6
1
158
The
pl
ot
of
f
max
as
a
V
gs
fu
nction
with
c
on
st
ant
V
ds
=0.5
V
for
the
m
ult
iple
WF
ran
ge
s
is
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
1
3
.
Th
e
f
max
is
decr
eas
ed
by
a
bout
43
%
with
the
WF
lowe
red
from
4.8
eV
t
o
4.6
e
V
.
T
he
n
-
JL
S
DG
M
dev
ic
e
with
WF
=4.8
eV
,
m
e
asur
ed
at
3294
GH
z,
s
hows
t
he
m
axi
m
u
m
f
max
.
Du
e
to
th
e
WF
var
ia
tion
,
the
value
of
f
max
is
m
ai
nly
go
ve
r
ned
by
the
R
g
value.
The
i
nc
reased
WF
w
ould
re
duce
pa
r
asi
ti
c
capaci
tan
ces
of
the
de
vice,
th
us
increasi
ng
t
he
f
T
.
As
a
res
ul
t
,
R
g
is
further
decr
ease
d
with
f
T
con
ti
nuin
g
to
rise
,
subse
quently
increasin
g
t
he
m
axi
m
u
m
os
ci
ll
at
ion
fr
e
quen
cy
of
the
de
vice.
W
it
h
s
uc
h
rem
ark
able
f
T
and
f
max
pro
pe
rtie
s,
n
-
J
LSDGM
ca
n
be
u
ti
li
zed
a
s
the
fu
t
ur
e
lo
w
-
powe
r
high
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
tra
nsi
stor
c
onfig
ur
at
ion
.
For
a
JL
SDGM
dev
ic
e
with
m
u
lt
iple
WF
ra
nges,
the
e
xtrac
te
d
an
d
est
i
m
at
ed
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
C
gs
,
C
gd
,
C
gg
,
τ
int
,
P
dyn
,
fT
a
nd
f
max
are li
ste
d
i
n
Ta
ble 3.
Table
3.
RF
pe
rfor
m
ances
f
or n
-
JLS
DG
M
de
vice f
or d
i
ff
e
r
ent
WF
WF
(eV
)
C
gs
(f
F/µ
m
)
C
gd
(f
F/µ
m
)
C
gg
(f
F/µ
m
)
τ
in
t
(ps
)
P
d
y
n
(n
W
/µ
m
)
f
T
(
GHz)
f
m
a
x
(G
Hz)
4
.6
1
.15
2
3
.15
4
.8
1
.92
180
1890
4
.7
1
.16
1
.03
2
.19
9
.9
1
.87
233
3007
4
.8
1
.12
0
.87
1
.98
4
5
.7
1
.78
236
3294
The
f
T
/L
g
rati
o
of
the
JLS
D
G
M
dev
ic
e
hav
e
been
com
par
e
d
to
diff
e
re
nt
structu
res
of
transisto
r
from
recent
st
ud
ie
s
as
sho
wn
in
T
able
4.
Si
nce
s
om
e
of
the
t
ra
ns
ist
or
str
uctu
r
es
ha
ve
util
iz
ed
var
i
ou
s
gate
le
ng
th
(L
g
)
,
the
com
par
at
ive
perf
orm
ance
of
f
T
ha
s
to
be
do
ne
ba
sed
on
f
T
/L
g
r
at
io
.
Ba
se
d
on
Table
4,
it
is
obser
ve
d
that
JLSDGM
dev
ic
e
ha
s
de
m
on
strat
ed
the
hig
he
st
f
T
/L
g
r
at
io
co
m
par
ed
to
oth
e
rs.
T
he
f
T
/L
g
rati
o
of
JL
SDGM
dev
ic
e
is
est
im
at
ed
at
39
.3
wh
il
e
m
od
erate
do
pe
d
dr
ai
n
du
al
-
c
ha
nn
el
sing
le
gate
ju
nctionless
fiel
d
-
e
ff
ec
t
transisto
r
(MD
D
-
DCJLT
),
he
avy
dope
d
dr
a
in
du
al
-
c
ha
nne
l
sing
le
gate
jun
ct
io
nless
fie
ld
-
ef
fect
tra
ns
i
stor
(
H
DD
-
DCJLT
)
,
unde
rlap
c
om
po
sit
e
chan
ne
l
double
gate
MOSFE
T
(C
CDGM)
an
d
ov
e
rlap
CC
D
GM
are
est
i
m
at
ed
at
2
0.7, 2
8.4, 3
0.8 a
nd 23.4
res
pecti
vely
[28
]
,
[
37]
.
Table
4
.
C
om
par
at
ive
perfor
m
ance
of
f
T
f
or
dif
fer
e
n
t t
ra
nsi
stor
str
uctu
res
Para
m
eter
JLSDG
M
(T
h
is wo
rk)
MDD
-
DCJ
L
T
[
2
8
]
HDD
-
DCJ
LT
[
2
8
]
Un
d
erlap
CC
DGM
[
3
7
]
Ov
erlap
CC
DGM
[
3
7
]
Gate Len
g
th
,
L
g
(n
m
)
6
20
20
12
12
f
T
(GHz
)
236
413
568
369
281
f
T
/L
g
ratio
3
9
.3
2
0
.7
2
8
.4
3
0
.8
2
3
.4
Ba
sed
on
the
ov
e
rall
resu
lt
s,
WF
var
ia
ti
on
is
ver
y
sensiti
ve
to
the
outp
ut
of
n
-
JL
SDGM
de
vice
in
el
ect
ro
sta
ti
c
and
RF
te
rm
s
.
So
m
e
of
the
inv
est
igate
d
pro
per
ti
es
ind
i
cat
e
incoh
e
rence
du
e
to
sli
ght
WF
al
te
rati
on
.
WF
var
ia
tion
is
not
the
only
facto
r
infl
uen
ci
ng
r
andom
ou
tp
ut
fluctuati
ons
.
O
ther
in
put
par
a
m
et
ers
su
c
h
as
cha
nnel
do
pi
ng,
source/
dr
ai
n
dopi
ng
,
high
-
k
di
el
ect
ric
con
sta
nt
and
body
thick
ness
s
houl
d
be
inc
lud
e
d
f
or
de
ta
il
ed
analy
sis
[38
]
-
[
41]
.
I
n view
of
t
he
ef
fec
t of
oth
e
r
in
put
p
aram
et
ers
be
sides
work f
unct
ion
,
sta
ti
sti
cal
-
based
an
d
AI
-
bas
e
d
opti
m
iz
at
ion
appr
o
aches
[42
]
-
[
44]
will
be
app
li
ed
i
n
the
fu
t
ur
e
wor
k
in
ord
er
to r
e
duce
the
outp
ut v
a
riance
that
m
a
y fu
rt
he
r
im
pr
ov
e
s
the
dev
ic
e'
s elec
tr
os
ta
ti
c an
d
RF
perform
ance
s
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
su
m
m
ary,
the
im
pact
of
work
f
unct
io
n
va
riat
ion
s
up
on
el
ect
rosta
ti
c
an
d
R
F
perf
or
m
ance
of
n
-
c
ha
nn
el
j
un
ct
ion
le
ss
strai
ned
D
G
-
M
OSFET
(
n
-
J
LS
D
GM)
has
bee
n
com
pr
e
hen
s
ively
stud
ie
d
us
in
g
industrial
ba
se
d
2
-
D
process (
Sil
vac
o
At
he
na
)
an
d
de
vice
s
i
m
ulator
(S
il
va
co
Atla
s).
T
he
char
a
ct
e
risti
cs
of
t
he
dev
ic
e
use
d
in
m
easur
ing
el
e
ct
ro
sta
ti
c
and
RF
perform
ances
are
thoro
ughly
inv
e
sti
gated,
incl
ud
i
ng
on
-
sta
te
current,
off
-
sta
te
current,
on
-
off
rati
o,
s
ubth
reshold
swi
ng,
intrinsic
gate
delay
,
dy
nam
i
c
powe
r
dissip
at
ion
,
intrinsic
ca
pac
it
anc
es,
c
ut
-
off
fr
e
quency
an
d
m
axi
m
u
m
os
ci
ll
at
ion
fr
e
quency.
T
he
fin
al
resu
lt
s
s
ugge
st
the
35%
rise
in
sta
te
-
curre
nt
(I
ON
)
w
he
n
the
W
F
dro
pped
fro
m
4.
8
e
V
to
4.6
eV
.
F
ro
m
the
per
s
pecti
ve
of
rad
i
o
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(RF
)
pe
rfor
m
ance,
the
cut
-
off
frequ
e
ncy
(
f
T
)
a
nd
os
ci
l
la
ti
on
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(
f
m
a
x
)
of
the
n
-
JL
SDG
M
dev
ic
e
dec
reas
e
by
~
24%,
a
nd
~
43
%
re
sp
ec
ti
vely
,
with
t
he
W
F
re
duce
d
from
4.
8
eV
to
4.6
eV
.
T
he
overall
resu
lt
s
of
the
s
tud
y
pro
ve
th
a
t
the
var
ia
ti
on
in
m
et
al
wo
r
k
functi
on
has
c
on
t
rib
uted
sig
ni
ficant
in
flue
nc
es
on
th
e
ov
e
rall
n
-
J
LSDGM’s
perf
or
m
ances.
The
JLSDGM
de
vi
ce
dem
on
strat
es
ou
tst
an
ding
el
ect
rical
pr
op
erti
es,
su
c
h
as
a
high
on
-
t
he
-
sta
te
current,
high
t
ran
sc
onduct
an
ce,
a
lowe
r
con
s
um
ption
of
power,
hi
gh
cut
-
off
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
whic
h
can
be
r
egarde
d
as
a
pote
ntial
MOSFE
T
str
uct
ur
e
f
or
fu
t
ure
high
-
fr
e
que
ncy
RF
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Work
f
un
ct
io
n variati
ons
on e
le
ct
ro
stati
c an
d
RF
p
e
rfor
mances
of JL
SDG
M D
evi
ce
(
K K
. E. Ka
harudin
)
159
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
uthor
s
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
t
o
tha
nk
the
Mi
nistr
y
of
H
ig
he
r
E
ducat
ion
(M
OHE)
f
or
s
ponsori
ng
this w
or
k
unde
r
proj
ect
(
FRGS/1/
2017/
TK
04
/F
KE
KK
-
Ce
TRI/F
0033
5)
an
d
Mi
N
E,
Ce
TRI,
Fac
ult
y
of
Ele
ct
r
onic
s
an
d
Com
pu
te
r
En
gi
neer
in
g
(FKE
KK),
U
niv
er
sit
i
Tekn
ik
al
Ma
la
ysi
a
Me
la
ka
(UTeM
)
for
the
m
or
al
suppo
rt
thr
oughout t
he
pro
j
ect
.
REFERE
NCE
S
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A.
J.
Mil
la
r,
X.
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U.
Pera
lagu,
and
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St
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r,
“
High
As
pec
t
Ra
ti
o
Junct
io
nle
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InGaAs
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A.
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F.
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“
Eff
ec
t
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Chan
nel
Le
n
gth
Vari
at
ion
on
Analo
g
and
RF
Perform
anc
e
of
Junct
ionl
ess
Double
Gate
Vert
ic
a
l
MO
S
FET,
”
Jou
rnal
of
Engi
ne
e
ring
Sci
en
ce
an
d
Technol
ogy
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vo
l. 14, no. 4, pp. 24
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D.
H.
Son,
Y.
J
o,
J.
H.
Seo
,
and
C.
H
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W
on,
“
L
ow
volt
ag
e
op
er
at
ion
of
GaN
v
e
rti
c
al
n
anowir
e
MO
S
FET,
”
Solid
-
Stat
e
Elec
troni
cs
,
vol
.
145
,
pp
.
1
–
7,
2018
,
doi
:
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[7]
S.
R.
Mulm
ane,
S.
C.
W
agaj,
an
d
N.
U.
Chaudh
ari
,
“
Sim
ula
ti
on
of
Nanosca
l
e
Full
y
Depl
eted
EJ
-
SO
I
Juncti
onle
s
s
MO
S
FET
for
High
Perform
ance,
”
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
In
dustrial
El
e
ct
ro
nic
s
and
Elec
tri
cal
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n
ee
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,
no
.
6
,
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34
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[8]
M.
A.
Ri
y
a
di
,
I
.
D.
Sukawati,
T.
Prakoso,
and
D
a
rja
t
,
“
Influe
n
ce
of
gate
m
ateri
a
l
and
proc
ess
on
j
unct
ionless
FET
subthreshold
pe
rform
anc
e,”
In
t
ernati
onal
Jour
nal
of
Elec
tri
c
al
a
nd
Comput
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
vol.
6,
no.
2,
pp.
895
–
900
,
20
16
,
doi
:
10
.
1159
1/i
jece
.
v6i2
.
407
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[9]
S
.
A
r
c
h
a
n
a
,
G
.
V
a
l
l
a
t
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
“
A
n
a
l
yt
i
c
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
D
u
a
l
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
J
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
l
e
s
s
S
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
G
a
t
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
,
”
S
S
R
G
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
0
–
4
3
,
2017.
[10]
R.
Am
bika
and
R.
Srin
iva
san
,
“
Im
pac
t
of
stru
ct
ura
l
pro
ce
ss
v
ari
a
ti
on
on
jun
c
ti
onle
ss
sil
ic
on
nanot
ube
FET
,
”
Adv
anc
es
in
Natural
Sci
en
c
es:
Nanoscie
nc
e
and
Nanotechnology
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43
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ad
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K.
E.
Kaha
rudin
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A.
F.
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Sale
huddin,
Z
.
A.
F.
M.
Napia
h,
and
A.
S.
M.
Za
in
,
“
Design
C
onsidera
t
ion
and
Im
pac
t
of
Gate
Le
ngth
Var
ia
t
io
n
on
Juncti
onle
s
s
Strai
ned
Doubl
e
Gate
MO
SF
ET
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Jour
nal
of
Rece
nt
Technol
ogy
and
Engi
ne
ering
,
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.
V
a
d
i
z
a
d
e
h
,
“
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
G
a
A
s
/
G
a
S
b
t
u
n
n
e
l
f
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
d
o
p
i
n
g
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
:
n
u
m
e
r
i
c
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
5
–
7
5
5
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
0
8
2
5
-
018
-
1
1
3
6
-
6.
[13]
K.
A.
Gupt
a,
D.
K.
Anvek
ar,
an
d
V.
V.
,
“
Model
ing
of
Short
Ch
anne
l
MO
SF
ET
Devic
es
and
An
aly
s
is
of
Design
As
pec
ts
for
Pow
er
Optimis
at
ion
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
J
ournal
of
Mode
l
ing
and
Optimiz
ati
on
,
vo
l.
3,
no
.
3,
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266
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271,
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,
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:
10
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77
63/IJMO
.
2013.
V3.279
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[14]
K.
Biswas,
A.
Sarka
r,
and
C.
K.
Sarka
r,
“
Fin
shape
infl
uence
on
ana
log
an
d
RF
per
form
an
ce
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