Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineer
ing and Computer Scien
ce
V
o
l. 9, N
o
. 2
,
Febr
u
ar
y 201
8, pp
.
26
5
~
26
6
ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.
11591/ijeecs
.v9.
i
2
.pp265-266
2
65
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
Effici
ent
and Energy S
cheme
for Wireless Rechargeable
Sensor Network
S.
V
.
Sar
a
van
a
n
Department o
f Electrical and El
ectronics Engin
e
ering (Marin
e),
A
M
ET University, Chenn
ai
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 16, 2017
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 23
, 20
17
Accepte
d Ja
n 11, 2018
The
wire
less
rec
h
argeab
le
s
ensor
network
is
a
t
t
ra
ctiv
e
cruc
ia
l
and
important
in
r
ec
ent
ye
ars
for
the
adva
ncem
ent
of
w
irel
es
s
energ
y
c
om
m
unic
ation
skill.
The
previous
e
x
p
lore
s
hown
that
not
a
ll
of
s
ens
o
rs
can
b
e
rech
a
rged
due
t
o
the
l
i
m
itat
i
on
of
power
c
apac
it
y
to
m
obile
c
ha
r
g
ers
can
carr
y
.
If
a
sensor
play
ing
a
critical
r
ole
in
a
s
ensing
task
cannot
f
unction
as
u
s
ual
due
t
o
th
e
exhausted
energ
y
,
then
t
he
s
ens
i
ng
task
w
ill
be
i
nterrup
t
ed
.
Th
erefore
,
t
h
i
s
paper
proposes
a
novel
rech
argin
g
m
echanism
tak
i
ng
the
prior
iti
es
o
f
sensors
into
c
onsider
atio
n
such
t
hat
m
obile
c
h
a
rgers
c
a
n
recharg
e
t
he
s
en
sor
with
a
higher
prio
rity
a
nd
the
networ
k
life
tim
e
can
b
e
eff
i
ci
entl
y
s
u
s
tained
.
T
h
e
priority
o
f
each
s
ensor
depends
on
its
c
ontribution
to
t
he
s
ens
ing
task,
including
th
e
co
verage
a
n
d
c
onn
ect
ivit
y
c
a
pab
ilit
ies.
B
ased
on
th
e
priori
t
y
,
the
sensor
w
ith
a
h
igher
pr
iority
w
ill
be
p
roperly
r
ech
arged
to
e
xtend
th
e
network
lifetime.
S
imulation
r
e
sults
s
how
t
ha
t
the
proposed
m
ec
hanism
performs better against the rel
at
e
d
work in
netwo
rk lif
etim
e
.
K
eyw
ords
:
An
dr
oi
d A
p
pl
i
cat
i
o
n
Energy Harves
ting
Fuzzy C
Priority
WS
N
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
S.
V
.
Sara
va
na
n,
Depa
rtm
e
nt of
Electrical
and Electronics
E
nginee
ring (Ma
rine),
AM
ET
Uni
v
er
sity
,
Ch
enn
a
i.
Em
a
il:
1.
INTRODUCTION
W
i
rel
e
ss se
nso
r
net
w
o
r
k
h
as been
w
i
d
el
y
de
pl
oy
ed i
n n
u
m
e
ro
us fi
elds, such
as military
su
r
v
e
illan
c
e,
h
ealth
c
are
mo
n
itoring
,
and
so
o
n
.
H
o
w
ev
er,
th
e
n
e
t
w
ork
lifetim
e
o
f
a
W
SN
i
s
often
limited
b
y
s
en
so
rs’
ener
gy
[
1]
-[
3]
.
As
a
r
es
ul
t
,
h
ow
t
o
ext
e
nd
t
h
e
net
w
o
r
k
l
i
f
et
im
e
i
s
beco
m
i
ng
t
h
e
m
o
st
i
m
port
a
nt
i
ss
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
sy
st
em
.
In
a
d
d
i
t
i
on
t
o
p
o
w
er
c
ont
rol
o
r
p
o
w
er
s
a
v
i
n
g
a
p
pr
oache
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
two
co
mmo
n
w
a
ys
t
o
ex
t
e
n
d
i
n
g
net
w
or
k
l
i
f
et
i
m
e,
i
n
previ
o
u
s
r
esearc
h
o
ne
o
f
ext
e
ndi
ng
net
w
or
k
lifetime
sch
e
m
e
s
is
t
o
p
l
an
a
n
effectiv
e
wake
-
up/
sl
eep
s
che
dul
e
fo
r
se
nso
r
s
t
o
achi
e
v
e
t
he
p
u
r
p
o
se
o
f
e
x
tend
ing
t
h
e
netwo
r
k
lifeti
m
e
[4
]-[5
].
I
n
th
is
k
i
nd
o
f
research
es,
sen
s
o
r
s
will
au
to
m
a
tica
l
l
y
j
ud
g
e
w
h
e
t
h
er
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
.
I
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
e
n
t
e
r
s
a
s
l
e
e
p
m
ode,
it
can
a
voi
d
unnecess
a
ry
p
owe
r
c
onsum
ption.
F
uz
zy
C
s
tran
ge
p
oi
nt
s
cl
ust
e
ri
n
g
a
l
g
ori
t
h
m
i
s
a
ssi
st
ed
whi
c
h
red
u
ces
t
he p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
on co
nsi
d
era
b
l
y
[
6]
.
To
f
i
n
d
a
set
o
f
s
e
n
so
rs
t
o
c
o
ve
r
th
e
en
tire
area
with
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
num
ber
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
i
s
t
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
i
s
k
i
nd
of
r
e
s
earche
s
.
H
o
w
e
ver
,
no
m
a
t
t
e
r
ho
w
t
o
s
ave
t
h
e
ene
rg
y,
t
h
e
o
v
e
rall
n
e
t
w
ork
lifetim
e
is
s
til
l
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
by
s
e
n
sors
’
p
o
we
r.
A
nd
r
o
i
d
a
p
p
l
i
cat
i
on
base
d
m
a
l
w
are
de
tection
by
r
igorous
a
n
alysis
o
f
decom
p
iled
so
ur
ce cod
e
is p
r
esen
ted in
[7].
There
f
ore,
t
o
get
t
h
e
m
o
re
s
t
a
bl
e
way
of
c
har
g
i
n
g,
u
si
n
g
m
obi
l
e
c
h
a
rgers
equ
i
pp
ing
with
w
ireless
ener
gy
t
ra
nsfe
r
i
s
t
he
m
ost
pr
om
i
s
i
ng
way
t
o
p
r
ovi
de
s
ust
a
i
n
abl
e
e
n
ergy
a
nd
h
ave
hi
gh
l
oad
efficienc
y
t
han
ener
gy
h
a
r
vest
i
ng.
T
he
re
a
re
m
any
t
y
pes
of
r
esearc
h
i
n
t
h
i
s
f
i
e
l
d
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
a
r
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
ree
l
e
vel
s
b
y
t
h
ei
r
c
o
nt
ri
b
u
t
i
ons
i
n
c
o
vera
ge
a
nd
c
on
nect
i
v
i
t
y
t
o
t
he
s
en
si
ng
f
i
e
l
d
[
8]
-[
9]
.
Acco
rdi
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
levels
a
n
effec
tive
and
efficient
charging
s
c
h
em
e
for
m
obile
c
h
arge
rs
t
o
r
echar
ge
s
ens
o
r
s
i
s
pro
pose
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
pape
r
s
u
c
h
t
hat
t
h
e necessa
ry
sens
o
rs
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
nsi
n
g fi
el
d
ca
n
b
e
r
estored
to
c
ertain
c
o
v
e
rag
e
a
n
d
c
onn
ectiv
ity
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
2502-
4
752
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
N
o.
2
,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
2
65 – 266
26
6
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
t
h
i
s
c
a
n
b
e
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
b
ase
d
e
nha
n
ced
K
S
t
r
a
n
ge
p
oi
nt
s
clu
s
tering
al
g
orith
m
[1
0
]
.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
Thi
s
can a
voi
d
t
h
e occu
rre
nce
of t
he
hol
e a
n
d sust
ai
n t
h
e n
e
t
w
o
rk
g
ene
r
at
ion. T
he rem
aining ene
rgy
of
s
e
n
s
o
rs
a
t
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
t
he
s
im
ul
at
i
on,
w
he
re
t
he
b
l
u
e
l
i
n
es
s
tand
for
the
PERS
a
nd
t
he
r
ed
ones
for
the
e-
PER
S
.
Ob
vi
o
u
s
l
y
,
and
n
o
s
en
sor
de
pl
et
es
i
t
s
e
ner
g
y
at
t
he
e
nd
o
f
t
h
e
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on,
n
o
m
a
tt
er
t
he
r
e
p
l
e
ni
s
h
m
e
nt
schem
e
i
s
PE
RS
o
r
e-PER
S
.
More
over,
we
can
s
ee
t
h
at
e
-PERS
main
tain
t
h
e
e
ffectiv
en
ess
o
f
p
ower
Perform
a
nce
com
p
arison
regardi
ng
n
e
two
r
k
lifeti
m
e.
B
et
ter
th
an
PERS,
because
e
-PE
R
S
enables
t
h
e
action
of
m
obi
l
e
char
g
er
an
d
t
hi
s ca
n
red
u
ce t
h
e e
n
ergy
c
o
n
sum
p
t
i
on.
Th
e
au
thor
s
assu
m
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
c
h
a
rg
er
h
as
e
n
ough
e
n
e
rg
y
t
o
r
e
ch
ar
g
e
s
ensor
s
.
Based
on
t
he
assum
p
t
i
on,
t
h
e
a
ut
h
o
r'
s
st
ud
y
and
opt
i
m
i
z
at
i
on
p
r
obl
em
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
ctiv
e
o
f
m
ax
i
m
i
z
in
g
th
e
ratio
o
f
the
vacation
tim
e
of
m
obile
c
harger
o
ver
the
re
newa
ble
e
n
ergy
cycle
t
im
e.
D
iffe
re
nt
f
rom
the
st
udies
m
ention
e
d
ab
ov
e exp
l
or
es th
e
r
ech
ar
g
i
ng pr
ob
l
e
m
for t
h
e sens
o
r
s ca
pa
bl
e o
f m
ovi
n
g
not
s
t
a
t
i
ona
ry
.
3.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Th
erefo
r
e,
i
n
ad
d
ition
to
t
h
e
t
rad
ition
a
l
recharg
i
n
g
prob
lem
to
f
ind
an
a
p
p
ro
priate
p
ath
for
ch
arg
i
ng
the
pa
per
als
o
n
eeds
t
o
d
isc
u
ss
the
rendez
vous
p
roblem
b
etwee
n
a
m
obi
l
e
c
har
g
er
a
nd
m
obi
l
e
s
en
sors
i
n
or
der
n
o
t
t
o
m
i
ss
t
h
e
rec
h
ar
g
i
ng
of
t
he
s
en
s
o
r
.
H
owe
v
e
r
,
t
h
ere
is
s
till
some
l
i
t
eratu
r
es
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
ho
w
t
o
s
elec
t
t
h
e
ap
pr
o
p
ri
at
e
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
t
he
m
obi
l
e
c
harge
r
,
i
n
t
he
c
har
g
i
ng
ra
nge
a
nd
choose
the
num
b
er
o
f
low
energy
sens
or l
oa
d.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
In
t
he
p
re
vi
o
u
s
resea
r
ch
,
t
h
ey
a
l
s
o
c
o
nsi
d
e
r
t
he
r
em
ai
ni
ng
capa
ci
t
y
o
f
a
s
e
ns
or
n
ode
,
bu
t
t
h
ey
d
i
d
n'
t
recognize
the
im
portance
of
s
ens
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
s
c
e
n
e
.
T
h
i
s
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
s
t
he
r
em
aini
n
g
p
owe
r
o
f sens
or
b
ut
a
l
s
o
adde
d
to
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
S
en
so
r
in
t
h
e
s
cen
e.
S
o
we
p
r
oposed
P
ERS
a
nd
e-PERS,
t
w
o
effective
c
h
a
r
gi
ng
m
e
t
hods
.
Whi
c
h
perm
i
t
of
t
he
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
t
he
c
ove
ra
ge
o
f
e
m
pty
senso
r
?
In
f
ut
u
r
e,
t
he
m
obi
l
e
char
gi
n
g
v
ehi
c
l
e
can
a
l
s
o
be
m
ult
i
-
m
obi
l
e
a
nd
can
c
o
ope
ra
t
e
a
nd
c
oordinate
with
h
i
g
h
e
fficiency
o
f
c
h
argi
ng
m
o
re t
han si
ng
l
e
sens
o
r
l
o
a
d
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Oliveir
a
L
.
M.
a
nd
Rodrigues
J.
J
.
,
“Wire
le
ss
Se
ns
or
N
e
t
works:
A
Survey
on
Environmental
Monitoring,”
JCM
, vol/issue: 6(2
), pp
. 143-151
, 2
011.
[2]
Raw
a
t
P
.,
et al.
,
“Wire
le
ss
se
nsor
n
e
t
works:
a
s
urvey
on
recen
t
developments
a
n
d
potenti
al
s
ynergi
es
,”
The Journal
of supercomputing
, vol
/is
s
u
e:
68
(
1), pp
. 1-48
, 20
14.
[3]
Yick
J
.,
et
al
.
, “
Wireless sensor network survey
,
”
Computer n
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