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Science
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th
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sin
g
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o
n
d
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p
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l.
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ti
c
a
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sig
n
a
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n
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ise
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a
f
ter
o
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ti
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a
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ib
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r
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a
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(OFC),
sig
n
a
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(S
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a
f
ter
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a
l
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re
m
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d
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iff
e
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t
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le
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tri
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p
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lse
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ra
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tri
c
a
l
m
o
d
u
lato
rs at t
h
e
o
p
t
im
iza
ti
o
n
sta
g
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
ias cu
r
r
en
t
Dir
ec
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
E
x
ter
n
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
I
n
ter
-
m
o
d
u
latio
n
d
is
to
r
tio
n
L
aser
r
ate
eq
u
atio
n
s
Mo
d
u
latio
n
p
ea
k
c
u
r
r
en
t
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
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n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ah
m
ed
Nab
ih
Z
ak
i
R
as
h
ed
Facu
lt
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o
f
E
lectr
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n
g
in
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Me
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f
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i
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Me
n
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u
f
3
2
9
5
1
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g
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m
a
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3
3
@
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co
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
ey
h
av
e
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
n
o
is
e
o
f
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
laser
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
o
p
tical
ac
ce
s
s
telev
is
io
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
-
7
]
.
T
h
e
ty
p
ical
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
r
elativ
e
in
ten
s
ity
n
o
is
e
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
w
ith
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
W
h
en
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
is
o
v
er
5
0
%,
th
e
m
o
d
u
lated
s
ig
n
al
is
clip
p
ed
an
d
th
e
n
o
is
e
lev
els
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e.
R
elativ
e
in
ten
s
ity
n
o
is
e
an
d
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
m
ath
em
atica
lly
.
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s
w
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as
s
m
all
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ig
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m
o
d
u
latio
n
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
co
v
er
ed
[
8
-
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lated
s
i
g
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
laser
is
also
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
b
etw
ee
n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
an
d
m
o
d
u
latio
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ch
an
n
el
f
r
eq
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en
cy
ar
e
r
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iew
ed
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
etw
ee
n
R
I
N
f
r
eq
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en
cy
s
p
ec
tr
a
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ty
p
es
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
[
1
,
1
8
-
2
2
]
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
o
p
tim
u
m
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
n
o
is
e
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
in
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
laser
u
n
d
er
an
alo
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
laser
r
ate
eq
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atio
n
s
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
n
u
m
er
ically
.
T
h
e
r
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n
b
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n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
/ch
an
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el,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
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ch
an
n
els
an
d
f
ib
e
r
len
g
th
ar
e
r
ev
iew
ed
m
ath
em
atica
lly
[
2
3
-
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
f
ib
er
len
g
th
lim
its
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
p
er
ch
an
n
el
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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J
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g
&
C
o
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p
Sci
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N:
2502
-
4752
Th
e
K
ey
Ma
n
a
g
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n
t o
f D
ir
ec
t/Ex
tern
a
l Mo
d
u
la
tio
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S
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ct
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Ma
h
mo
u
d
M.
A
.
E
id
)
969
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
ad
ed
ch
an
n
els.
T
h
e
to
tal
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
o
f
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
laser
is
esti
m
ated
f
o
r
f
ib
er
ac
ce
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
telev
is
io
n
.
Op
tim
u
m
n
o
is
e
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
laser
ar
e
co
v
er
ed
[
2
,
3
]
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
laser
am
p
lif
ier
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
o
p
tiw
av
e
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
laser
is
esti
m
ated
f
o
r
k
n
o
w
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
cu
r
r
en
t,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
lif
etim
e
b
ased
o
n
laser
r
ate
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
2
9
-
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
ab
o
v
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
at
d
ata
r
ate
o
f
1
0
Gb
/s
is
r
ev
iew
ed
[
4
-
6
]
.
2.
M
O
DE
L
DE
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
A
ND
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
v
iew
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
laser
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
ex
ter
n
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
u
s
er
s
eq
u
en
ce
g
en
er
ato
r
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
b
it
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
T
h
e
s
er
ies
o
f
b
its
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
elec
tr
ical
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
an
d
th
en
d
ir
ec
ted
to
lo
w
p
ass
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
to
r
em
o
v
e
th
e
r
ip
p
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
f
ilter
ed
s
ig
n
al
is
r
o
u
ted
to
laser
r
ate
eq
u
atio
n
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
ig
n
al
to
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
u
n
d
er
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
b
o
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
Ma
ch
Z
eh
n
d
er
m
o
d
u
lato
r
s
co
m
b
in
e
b
o
th
th
e
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
laser
an
d
elec
tr
ical
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
elec
tr
ical
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lated
s
ig
n
al
is
th
en
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I
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ased
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ased
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u
r
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ased
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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n
d
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esia
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
9
68
-
9
77
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Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
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ased
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ate
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u
r
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1
1
.
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ased
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Fig
u
r
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1
2
.
Var
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ased
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ate
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n
d
p
r
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p
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ed
m
o
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el)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
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lec
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N:
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Th
e
K
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Ma
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t o
f D
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t/Ex
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u
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es
Fig
u
r
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1
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.
Var
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o
f
o
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ig
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al
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o
is
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at
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CO
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-
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.
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n
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tag
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aised
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ato
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th
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ax
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-
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in
.
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,
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ical
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ig
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s
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o
d
els
(
eith
er
d
ir
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t
o
r
ex
ter
n
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m
o
d
u
latio
n
)
.
OSNR
at
o
p
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ib
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le
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d
SNR
at
o
p
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ec
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en
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s
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s
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ter
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th
an
p
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s
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tim
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s
e.
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t
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id
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th
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n
o
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e
p
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w
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ctio
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e
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is
r
ea
ch
ed
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4
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y
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s
in
g
r
aised
co
s
in
e
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
in
teg
r
ated
w
ith
o
p
tical
m
o
d
u
lato
r
(
ex
ter
n
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
9
68
-
9
77
976
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
Dy
n
a
m
ics
a
n
d
No
ise
o
f
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
L
a
se
rs
u
n
d
e
r
NT
S
C
M
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
Us
e
in
th
e
CA
T
V
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
Ben
isu
e
f
Un
ive
rs
it
y
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ba
sic
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
El
se
v
ier P
u
b
li
sh
e
r,
v
o
l
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
0
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
ti
m
u
m
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
Co
n
tro
ll
in
g
Disto
rti
o
n
a
n
d
No
ise
o
f
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
L
a
se
r
Un
d
e
r
A
n
a
lo
g
M
u
lt
ich
a
n
n
e
l
M
o
d
u
latio
n
,
”
Pra
ma
n
a
–
J
.
Ph
y
s
.
v
ol
.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
6
0
,
2018
.
h
tt
p
s://
d
o
i.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
2
0
4
3
-
018
-
1552
-
y
.
[3
]
T
.
M
.
A
k
in
m
o
lad
u
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Ch
irp
in
Dire
c
t
a
n
d
Ex
tern
a
l
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
o
d
u
latio
n
,
”
IRA
CS
T
-
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
&
S
e
c
u
rity (
IJ
CS
IT
S
),
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o.
2
,
p
p
.
3
3
-
3
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
S
.
P
ra
d
h
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
L
a
se
r
M
o
d
u
latio
n
Re
sp
o
n
se
b
y
u
sin
g
Op
ti
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
1
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
A
.
S
.
Ka
ra
r,
“
Dig
it
a
l
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
f
o
r
d
irec
tl
y
m
o
d
u
late
d
las
e
rs
in
o
p
ti
c
a
l
f
ib
e
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Ph
.
D
T
h
e
sis,
p
p
.
1
-
1
9
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
W
.
E.
Ka
ss
a
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
se
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
las
e
r
f
o
r
h
ig
h
ra
ta rate
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
Ph
.
D
T
h
e
sis
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
6
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
Op
ti
S
y
ste
m
T
u
to
rials,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
d
e
sig
n
so
f
tw
a
re
v
e
rsio
n
1
3
,
”
v
o
l
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
0
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
d
ru
5
c
jy
ji
f
v
rg
.
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lo
u
d
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ro
n
t.
n
e
t/
w
p
-
c
o
n
ten
t/
u
p
lo
a
d
s/2
0
1
5
/0
3
/Op
ti
S
y
ste
m
_
T
u
to
rials_
V
o
lu
m
e
_
1
.
p
d
f
.
[8
]
O.
L
.
L
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]
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n
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.
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5
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p
p
.
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1
5
.
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0
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l.
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u
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s:
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p
.
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4
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-
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4
7
,
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0
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0
.
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1
]
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.
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n
d
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.
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m
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n
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.
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7
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0
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4
.
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2
]
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.
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l
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ro
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r
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ter
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e
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o
.
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9
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0
0
5
.
[1
3
]
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.
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o
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d
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lh
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m
,
“
A
T
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9
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.
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4
]
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.
D.
S
h
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id
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l.
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a
st
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x
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lg
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m
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.
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5
]
A
.
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tan
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r
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l.
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ro
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g
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0
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p
.
2
4
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0
0
7
.
[1
6
]
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.
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.
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m
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n
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n
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ter
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p
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5
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8
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[1
7
]
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.
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ll
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t
a
l.
,
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A
n
e
f
f
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p
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0
6
.
[1
8
]
M
.
A
.
A
l
-
S
h
a
b
i,
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X
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
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re
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ro
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ter
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p
.
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5
6
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6
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,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
Ra
m
n
iw
a
s,
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n
d
L
.
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o
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“
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d
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ter
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re
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s in
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mp
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ti
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n
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mm
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ica
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o
n
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
4
-
5
7
,
2016.
[2
0
]
U.
Ch
o
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d
h
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,
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n
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A
.
S
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io
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n
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i
-
V
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telli
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it
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l
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rc
u
it
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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s
o
n
Co
mp
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ter
-
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d
e
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sig
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o
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teg
ra
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2
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o
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4
,
p
p
.
4
9
7
-
5
1
0
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1
9
9
3
.
[2
1
]
Ka
w
sa
r
A
h
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
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o
f
D
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sh
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p
las
m
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p
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li
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ti
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n
,
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p
p
.
2
0
2
1
-
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0
2
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
P
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
a
n
d
C.
L
.
L
iu
,
“
A
P
o
st
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
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lg
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h
m
f
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r
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talk
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rtu
rb
a
ti
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n
,
”
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T
ra
n
sa
c
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n
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mp
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ter
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d
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sig
n
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ra
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ms
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9
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o
.
6
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p
p
.
6
9
1
-
7
0
2
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
3
]
T
.
G
a
o
,
a
n
d
C.
L
.
L
iu
,
“
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in
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m
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ss
talk
Ch
a
n
n
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l
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ti
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g
,
”
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n
sa
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ti
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mp
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ter
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d
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sig
n
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l.
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o
.
5
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p
p
.
4
6
5
-
4
7
4
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
4
]
H.
Zh
o
u
,
a
n
d
D.F
.
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o
n
g
,
“
A
n
Op
ti
m
a
l
A
lg
o
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h
m
f
o
r
Riv
e
r
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u
ti
n
g
w
it
h
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ss
talk
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n
stra
in
ts,
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ro
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tern
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u
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sig
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p
.
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5
,
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.
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.
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ih
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i
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.
,
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e
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a
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ra
ll
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EO/M
EO
in
ters
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telli
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ti
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a
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ss
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o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
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sy
ste
m
s,”
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ter
n
a
ti
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l
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o
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rn
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l
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f
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a
telli
te
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.
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,
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.
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.
2
0
2
0
.
DO
I:
1
0
.
1
0
0
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/sa
t.
1
3
0
6
[2
5
]
K.
Jh
a
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
“
COP
:
A
Cro
ss
talk
Op
ti
m
ize
r
f
o
r
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rid
d
e
d
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Ro
u
ti
n
g
”
,
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n
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mp
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ter
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sig
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o
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ra
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it
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n
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ms
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l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
4
-
4
2
9
,
1996.
[2
6
]
M
.
M
o
u
d
ia,
M
.
Oth
m
a
n
,
“
G
re
e
d
y
Zero
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
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o
r
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n
f
li
c
t
-
F
re
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h
e
d
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li
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g
in
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tag
e
In
terc
o
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,
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c
e
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mp
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ter
S
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ien
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e
, v
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l.
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9
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
4
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2
0
1
5
.
[2
7
]
G
.
S
h
a
n
m
u
g
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
h
e
u
risti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
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o
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v
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h
icle
ro
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ti
n
g
p
ro
b
lem
w
it
h
sto
c
h
a
stic
d
e
m
a
n
d
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
, v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
-
5
4
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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d
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Sci
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N:
2502
-
4752
Th
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Ma
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… (
Ma
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.
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)
977
[2
8
]
M
.
A
l
-
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h
a
b
i,
M
.
Oth
m
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n
,
“
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ter
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o
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f
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.
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.
[2
9
]
R.
Ba
sh
iro
v
R,
T
.
Ka
ra
n
ll
e
r,
“
On
p
a
th
d
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p
e
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d
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n
d
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it
c
h
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ro
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re
d
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in
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ti
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a
l
n
e
tw
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rk
s,”
In
fo
rm
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ti
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n
S
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e
s
,
v
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l.
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8
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0
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0
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.
[3
0
]
M
.
M
o
u
d
i,
M
.
Oth
m
a
n
,
“
A
Co
st
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f
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ti
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terc
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o
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.
2
,
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p
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3
4
5
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5
0
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0
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3
.
[3
1
]
A
h
m
e
d
Na
b
ih
Zak
i
Ra
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e
d
,
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o
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m
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.
T
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b
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r
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e
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lt
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sm
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,
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ire
les
s
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l
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o
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tt
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[3
2
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A
h
m
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d
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b
ih
Zak
i
Ra
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d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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h
e
e
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f
e
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teria
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iers
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o
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in
d
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r
a
p
p
li
c
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ti
o
n
s,”
Res
u
lt
s in
Ph
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sic
s
, v
o
l.
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.
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0
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[3
3
]
Y.
Ka
n
e
k
o
,
T
.
T
a
m
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n
u
k
i,
M
.
Ka
to
h
,
H.
M
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k
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w
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,
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.
Ko
y
a
m
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,
a
n
d
K.
Ig
a
,
“
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ra
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ra
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teristics
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rs
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sid
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rin
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g
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in
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f
se
t,
”
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a
p
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se
J
o
u
rn
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3
2
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p
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.
1
6
1
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6
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4
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9
9
3
.
[3
4
]
E.
F
.
S
c
h
u
b
e
rt,
N.
E.
J.
Hu
n
t,
R.
J
.
M
a
li
k
,
M
.
M
ico
v
ic
a
n
d
D.
L
.
M
il
ler,
"
T
e
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
a
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d
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latio
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Ch
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ra
c
teristics
o
f
Re
so
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-
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ig
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it
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g
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"
,
IEE
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J
o
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rn
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f
L
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twa
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v
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l
1
4
,
p
p
1721
-
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7
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8
,
1
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9
6
.
[3
5
]
D.
G
.
De
p
p
e
,
J.
C.
Ca
m
p
b
e
ll
,
R.
Ku
c
h
ib
h
o
tl
a
,
T
.
J.
Ro
g
e
rs
a
n
d
B.
G
.
S
tree
tm
a
n
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
ll
y
-
c
o
u
p
led
M
irro
r
-
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a
n
tu
m
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e
ll
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a
A
s
-
G
a
As
L
ig
h
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Em
it
ti
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g
Dio
d
e
”
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
r
,
v
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.
2
6
,
p
1
6
6
5
-
1
6
6
6
,
1
9
9
0
.
[3
6
]
N.
De
b
b
a
r,
S
.
Ho
n
g
,
J.
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
P
.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
a
,
“
Co
u
p
led
G
a
A
s/A
lG
a
A
s
q
u
a
n
tu
m
–
w
e
ll
e
lec
tro
a
b
so
rp
ti
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n
m
o
d
u
lato
rs f
o
r
lo
w
–
e
lec
tri
c
–
f
ield
o
p
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
”
,
J
.
Ap
p
l.
Ph
y
s
.
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
p
p
.
3
8
3
-
3
8
5
,
1
9
8
9
.
[3
7
]
V
.
Ku
m
a
r,
a
n
d
K.
S
in
g
h
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
a
lcu
latin
g
th
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re
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ra
c
ti
v
e
in
d
e
x
o
f
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
m
a
teria
ls”
,
In
d
ian
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
p
u
re
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
e
d
p
h
y
sic
s,
V
o
l.
4
8
,
No
.
8
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
–
5
7
4
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
0
.
IS
A
m
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
-
sp
e
e
d
tran
sm
issio
n
c
ircu
it
s
sig
n
a
li
n
g
in
o
p
ti
c
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
P
u
b
li
sh
e
d
On
li
n
e
:
9
No
v
.
2
0
1
9
.
h
tt
p
s://
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o
i.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
5
1
5
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o
c
-
2019
-
0197
.
[3
8
]
IS
A
m
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
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n
s
o
f
th
e
S
u
b
m
a
rin
e
F
ib
e
r
Op
ti
c
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
/Cap
a
c
it
y
in
Op
ti
c
a
l
F
ib
e
r
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
S
y
ste
m
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
P
u
b
li
sh
e
d
On
li
n
e
:
9
No
v
.
2
0
1
9
.
h
tt
p
s://
d
o
i.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
5
1
5
/j
o
c
-
2019
-
0226
.
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