Indonesian J
ournal of Ele
c
trical Engin
eering and
Computer Sci
e
nce
Vol. 1, No. 3,
March 20
16, pp. 619 ~ 6
2
6
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/ijeecs.v1.i3.pp61
9-6
2
9
619
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 1
2
, 2015; Re
vi
sed
Febr
uary 13,
2016; Accept
ed Feb
r
ua
ry
24, 2016
Impact of Extrinsic an
d Intrinsic Motivation on
Knowle
dge Sharing in Virtual Communities of Practices
Setia
w
a
n
As
sega
ff*,
K
u
r
n
iabudi, Erick Fernan
do
STIKOM Dinamika Bangsa
Jl. Jend. Sudir
m
an, T
hehok, Jambi, Indo
nes
ia
e-mail: *s
etia
w
anass
e
g
a
ff@stikom-db.
ac.id
A
b
st
r
a
ct
One of critical
chall
e
n
ge i
n
know
led
ge
ma
nag
e
m
ent suc
c
ess is to moti
vate pe
opl
e sh
are the
i
r
know
led
ge to
others. Prior
’
s
resear
ch rev
eals that
moti
vation as pr
i
m
ary driver for
peo
ple to p
e
rfor
m
know
led
ge s
h
arin
g. Previ
o
u
s
study a
l
so i
ndic
a
ted
pe
opl
e infl
ue
nced
b
y
intern
al (
i
ntri
nsic) a
nd
exte
rna
l
(extrinsic)
m
o
tivation when perform
the knowledge s
harin
g. The aim
of this arti
cle
is to inv
e
stigate
and
expl
ores how
the el
ements o
f
extrinsic and
intrinsic
motiv
a
tion co
ntribut
e to peop
le int
entio
n in perfo
r
m
know
led
ge s
h
arin
g in v
i
rtua
l
commun
i
ties.
Moreov
er
this
study w
oul
d c
onfir
m a
nd
un
derstan
d h
o
w
this
know
led
ge sh
arin
g beh
avi
o
r
occurs in Ind
ones
ia Co
nt
ex
t. Many literatures arg
ue th
at different cul
t
ure
context w
ould
prod
uce d
i
ffere
nt of peo
ple
b
e
lief a
nd
be
h
a
v
ior. T
h
is stud
y cond
ucts a survey in
a for
m
a
l
virtual c
o
mmu
n
ity of pr
actice
s me
mbers
in
one In
do
nesi
a
Co
mp
any. T
w
o hu
ndr
ed
and
four resp
on
de
nts
partici
pated
i
n
this study.
Dat
a
w
a
s a
nalys
is
usin
g
SEM
w
i
th Smart PLS
Softw
are. T
h
is study fo
und
that
both
of thos
e
motiv
a
tio
n
s (i
n
t
rinsic a
n
d
extr
insic)
are
pos
itively infl
uenc
e
s
be
havi
o
r of peo
ple
kn
ow
le
dge
shari
ng i
n
for
m
a
l
Virtua
l C
o
mmuniti
es of
Practices.
In adva
n
ce this
studies i
n
d
i
c
a
te that extrin
sic
motiv
a
tio
n
is major
motiv
a
tion
ele
m
ent that in
fluenc
ing
peo
pl
e in perfor
m
kn
ow
ledg
e shar
in
g.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Kn
ow
ledg
e Shar
i
ng, Virtual C
o
mmu
n
ities
of
Practices, Know
l
edg
e Man
age
me
nt, Smart P
L
S
1. Introduc
tion
In kno
w
ledg
e base eco
n
o
my era, kn
owle
dge ha
s becom
e im
portant a
s
set for the
comp
anie
s
.
Knowle
dge i
s
the only a
s
set coul
d
bring co
mpetiti
v
e advant
ag
es that com
pany
need to
be a
winn
er in th
e
market. Com
panie
s
r
eali
z
e that they sh
ould ma
nag
e
their kno
w
led
ge
and reu
s
e them effectiv
ely. Knowled
ge sh
arin
g i
s
re
co
gni
zin
g
as a fun
d
a
mental
key
fo
r
comp
any
su
cce
s
s on
creat
e an
d reu
s
e t
he
kno
w
led
g
e
. It wa
s o
n
e
of a
rea
s
o
n
why
comp
ani
es
have be
com
e
more
co
ncern in m
ana
ge their
kno
w
led
ge. In fact, Org
ani
zation wh
o which
con
c
e
r
n in m
anag
e their
knowl
edge
an
d have ability
in sha
r
ing th
eir kno
w
ledg
e is likely will
to
be more pro
ductive, inno
vative and competitive over the time [1]. How it co
uld be hap
p
en?
kno
w
le
dge
sharin
g in org
anization wo
uld brin
g
ben
efit by develop the kno
w
le
dge of kn
owl
edge
worke
r
[1], soon when K
nowl
edge
wo
rke
r
contrib
u
te
their capa
bility to the
orga
nization
that
orga
nization
woul
d mo
re
efficient mo
re
innovativ
e, make
fewer mistake
a
nd more
compet
itive
[2]
Implementati
on of
kno
w
le
dge
sha
r
in
g
sometim
e
be
came
challe
n
g
ing fo
r o
r
ga
nizatio
n
.
Barrie
r
s
in
knowl
edge
sh
aring
could
occur
fro
m
orga
nization
itself o
r
from
the
employ
ee.
Culture, environment, infra
s
tru
c
ture and
manage
men
t
commitment
are the co
m
m
on ba
rrie
r
s in
kno
w
le
dge
sharin
g succe
ss. It is why the org
ani
zati
on nee
d to h
a
ve a goo
d u
nderstan
ding
in
kno
w
le
dge sharin
g aspe
ct, so they could dev
elo
p
effective and efficient strategy and
or
mech
ani
sm i
n
tra
n
sfe
r
kn
owle
dge
fro
m
expe
rt
ise/
expert/co
n
trib
utor to
see
k
er/empl
o
yee
who
need
s to the
kno
w
le
dge
a
nd ho
w to
use/ reu
s
e th
e
kno
w
le
dge [3
]. Organi
zatio
n
also ne
ed t
o
con
c
e
r
n i
n
b
e
s
t st
rategy to
encourage
pe
ople in
thei
r o
r
gani
zatio
n
in
perfo
rm
kn
o
w
led
ge
sha
r
i
ng
[4].
Today, usi
n
g
informatio
n
techn
o
logy
some o
r
ga
nization ha
s
su
ccessful in
d
e
velop
effective kn
owle
dge
sh
aring
infrast
r
uctu
re.
The
y
develop
and im
plem
ent Inform
ation
Technologies application
to facilitate their me
mber in meet, communi
cate and coll
aborate
virtually in th
eir
comm
uniti
es [5]. Thi
s
environ
ment
is recogni
zin
g
as the o
n
li
ne commu
nities.
Online
comm
unities that d
e
velop
and
u
s
ed
by thei
r
membe
r
to
discu
s
s a
sp
ecifics to
pics is
kno
w
n
as Virt
ual Commu
ni
ties of Practi
ces
(VCo
P
s
) [6]. VCoPs it
self became fa
mous tool tod
a
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 619 – 626
620
and
su
cce
s
s to b
r
ing
m
o
re
ben
efit for
kno
w
le
dg
e worke
r
in
sh
arin
g the
i
r
kno
w
led
g
e
in
orga
nization [6]. Howeve
r, in fact kno
w
le
dge shari
ng succe
ss i
s
not all about tech
nology [7].
In fact, sha
r
i
ng kn
owl
edg
e in intern
al
orga
nization i
s
often difficu
lt. Sharing K
nowl
edge
s
o
metimes
needs
more effort to c
onduc
t. It is
not easy to mo
ve kno
w
led
g
e
from sou
r
ce to
others. The
main re
ason
is becau
se the
expert (t
he peo
ple who hold the
kno
w
le
dge
) may
deci
de d
o
not
intent to sh
a
r
e thei
r kno
w
l
edge fo
r
som
e
rea
s
o
n
. So
me of expe
rt is fea
r
of lo
si
ng
his/he
r po
wer if
they perform kno
w
led
g
e
shari
ng [8].
Others are unmotivated to do so. For that
rea
s
on,
kno
w
led
ge
som
e
times
stu
c
k i
n
pa
rticul
ar
place, o
r
p
e
rson,
even
when
organi
za
tion
intere
st to leverage it con
t
inuou
sly. This study
is int
e
re
sted to in
vestigate wh
at factors dri
v
e
employee i
n
tention in
con
duct
kno
w
led
ge shar
i
ng.
Why some e
m
ployee d
o
e
s
an
d why ot
hers
do not.
Previou
s
re
searche
s
in
knowl
edge m
a
nagem
ent area have affirmed the imp
o
rtant of
expectatio
n
a
nd retu
rn
s fo
r kn
owl
edg
e
sha
r
ing
and
partici
pate in
virtual co
m
m
unities [5,
6, 9-
14]. Relate
d to previo
us
st
udy in this a
r
ea, sc
hola
r
s
reveal
s that
motivation is
one of imp
o
rt
an
t
element th
at coul
d influe
nce
peo
ple i
n
pe
rform
an
action. Stud
ies
con
d
u
c
te
d in
kno
w
led
g
e
sha
r
ing
a
r
ea
have in
dicate
s motivation
element
ha
s signifi
cant rel
a
tionship with
peo
ple
int
ent
ion
on co
ndu
ct knowl
edge
sh
aring M
o
tivation on
kno
w
l
edge
sha
r
in
g
as ide
n
tified
by prior
stu
d
ies
exist along t
w
o dim
e
n
s
io
n [15]. The first dim
e
n
s
io
n co
ncern
s
t
he extern
al
motivation drive
(expe
c
ted ext
e
rnal
re
ward
and recip
r
o
c
a
l
benefit). Th
e se
con
d
dim
ensi
on con
c
e
r
n’s th
e intern
al
motivation drive (Kno
wle
dge self-efficacy and e
n
j
o
y in helpin
g
) [15]. Ho
wever, mo
st
of
kno
w
le
dge
sharin
g re
sea
r
ch wa
s co
nd
ucts
in we
ste
r
n
cultu
r
e th
at might
hav
e different b
e
lief
and
beh
avior with A
s
ia
n
culture
or Indo
nesi
an
cult
u
r
e. The
r
e
are l
i
mited
studie
s
that
have
b
een
con
d
u
c
t in In
done
sia
rel
a
ted
with kno
w
ledge
sh
ari
n
g
issue
s
. Mo
re
inten
s
ive stu
d
y woul
d b
r
in
g
us adva
n
ce u
nderstan
ding
how
kno
w
led
ge sh
arin
g
cu
lture might prese
n
t in different in Asia.
Relate
d with
this phe
nom
enon, we al
so intere
st in
que
stion an
d
unde
rsta
ndi
ng wh
at
really drive a
n
individual i
n
tent to sha
r
e t
heir kno
w
l
edge troug
h open virtu
a
l communitie
s
. What
are
influen
ce
s the
m
a
s
in
dividual to
d
o
so?
In
spe
c
ific
we
inte
rest to
explo
r
e ho
w both
of
motivation types (i
ntrin
s
ic
and extrin
sic
motiva
tion) could lead p
e
ople intention
and behavio
r in
perfo
rm kn
owledge
sha
r
ing
in VCoPs.
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
Chiu et al (2
006) d
e
fine p
r
ofessio
nal virtual
com
m
u
n
ities as “onli
ne so
cial net
work in
whi
c
h pe
ople
in comm
on i
n
tere
st, goal
or practi
ce
s, intera
ct to sh
are info
rmati
on, kno
w
le
dg
e,
and eng
age i
n
so
cial interaction. Profe
s
sion
al
com
m
unities in ge
n
e
ral a
r
e devel
op to encourage
individual
a
s
a
mem
ber
to partici
pate an
d
sha
r
e kn
owledge
[11]. Howeve
r, mo
st
this
activity i
s
need extra effort to perform. Espe
ci
ally w
hen it
occurs un
d
e
r un
su
ppo
rted organi
zati
on
environ
ment
and culture fo
r cont
ributin
g kno
w
le
dge in
comm
unitie
s
[3].
Past stu
d
ie
s
have illu
strat
ed the
key el
ement of
su
cce
ssful
kno
w
l
edge
shari
ng
in virtual
comm
unitie
s
. Motivation has reco
gni
ze
as ke
y dete
r
mina
nt of general beh
avior and
schol
ars
believe th
at i
t
’s be
ca
me
p
r
imary
trigg
e
r in
i
n
form
atio
n technol
ogy
and
mo
st
others i
nnovati
o
n
transfe
rs [8].
Two types of
motivation extrinsi
c
and int
r
insi
c have b
een apply in
many studie
s
in
orde
r to unde
rstan
d
phe
no
menon in wh
y people inte
nt to do some activities an
d to do not. Both
of two type
motivation ha
s be
en influ
e
n
ce
d indivi
d
u
a
l
intention regarding an activity
as we
ll
as
their a
c
tual b
ehavior [1
6]. People a
r
e m
o
tivated by
two types of mo
tivation elem
ent, intrinsi
c
and
extrinsi
c moti
vation. Re
ward and
re
cip
r
o
c
al i
s
ex
am
pl
e of extrin
sic
motivation, a
nd enj
oy help
i
ng
is one
of intrinsi
c motivation exampl
e. Table bel
ow de
scri
be
the brief d
e
finition of two
motivations
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Im
pact of Extrinsi
c an
d Intrinsi
c Motivati
on on Kno
w
le
dge Sha
r
ing i
n
Virtual …
(S
etiawa
n A.)
621
Table 1. Moti
vation Eleme
n
t
Elemen
t o
f
Extrinsic M
o
ti
v
a
tion
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
on
a
nd
Referen
ces
Re
w
a
rd
Orga
nizational reward defines a
s
importance of financial and n
on-financial
incentives provid
es for peopl
e
w
h
o sharing kno
w
le
dge [12]
Reciprocity
Reciprocity
- People w
h
o do Kn
ow
led
ge Sharing
believed others w
ill also do
KS. [17].
Reputation
Reputation
- some research found that people
believed they
can find and
develop their rep
u
tation b
y
p
e
rfo
r
ming Kno
w
ledge
Sharing [17, 18].
Elemen
t o
f
Intrinsi
c Mo
ti
v
a
tion
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
on
a
nd
Referen
ces
Enjo
y
in
helping
Enjo
y
m
ent f
r
om
helping is m
easure of r
e
lational di
mension in individual
know
ledge
shari
ng [15]
Applying Th
eory Re
ason
of Action and Motivational pe
rspe
ctives, we de
velop a
theoreti
c
al framework for this
study. By literature
review, we
e
x
plore pote
n
tial element
s that
descri
be
wh
a
t
exactly d
r
ive peo
ple
beh
a
v
ior in
kn
ow
l
e
dge
sh
arin
g. In this stu
d
y, we
develo
p
t
w
o
hypothe
se
s that predi
ct h
o
w inte
rn
al a
nd external
motivation inf
l
uen
ce
s pe
op
le in pa
rtici
p
a
t
e in
kno
w
le
dge
sh
aring a
s
s follow:
Intrinsic Benefit
As point o
u
t by Patricia
(2
007) Int
r
in
sic mo
tivation specify the de
sire
and th
e
essential
plea
sure re
sulting from a
particul
a
r a
c
tivity [
19]. In
intrinsi
c motivation persp
ective of peo
ple
partici
pate
in
an
a
c
tivity motivate for i
t
s pe
rson
al i
n
tention, p
r
ef
eren
ce
o
r
it
s own
plea
su
re. In
Knowle
dge S
harin
g co
ntext enjoy helpin
g
, altruism
a
nd sati
sfactio
n
element are identified as
part of intrin
sic elem
ent that influence
s
people [
17,
20]. In this study we ap
ply Kanka
nhalli
et,
2005 m
o
tivation con
c
ept a
nd defin
e pe
ople intri
n
si
c
motivation as related
with
his/he
r enj
oy in
sha
r
ing hi
s/h
e
r kn
owl
edg
e
in virtual co
mmunitie
s
of pra
c
tice
s. Th
us, we a
r
gu
e:
H1:
Intri
n
si
c
Motivation infl
uen
ce
s peo
pl
e in Knowle
d
ge Shari
ng in
VCoPs
Extrinsic Be
nefit
Extrinsic be
n
e
fit is define as re
sult beli
e
f from peopl
e perceptio
n asso
ciated to
value
inco
rpo
r
ate
with execution
an a
c
tion
[21
]. In the p
e
rspective
of Kn
owle
dge
Sha
r
ing, th
e valu
e
stri
ctly linked
to kno
w
led
g
e
sha
r
ing a
d
vantage. Th
i
s
is beca
u
se the
benefit is the
main purpo
se
of people in
perform
s Knowl
edge Sh
aring. Fo
r illustratio
n
, pe
ople pa
rticip
ate in kno
w
l
edge
sha
r
ing
be
ca
use
the
exp
e
cted
organi
zation
re
wa
rd [22, 2
3
]. Previou
s
studi
es i
n
Kno
w
le
dge
Sharin
g have
reco
gni
sed t
hat extrinsi
c benefit
ha
s impact
s
peo
pl
es' be
haviou
r
in knowl
edg
e
sha
r
ing
[20,
22]. Bock a
nd Kim (200
8) in th
eir
wo
rk
also revea
l
s that extrin
sic be
nefit effects
peopl
e Knowl
edge Sha
r
in
g
behaviou
r
. Our hypothe
si
s for this study
is:
H2:
E
x
trin
sic
Motivation infl
uen
ce
s peo
pl
e in Knowle
d
ge Shari
ng in
VCoPs
Dat
a
Collec
t
i
on
Data for this
study wa
s co
llected fro
m
empl
oyee
s who wo
rki
ng in
a Banking In
stitution
unit that lo
ca
ted in In
don
esia. T
he
ai
m of dat
a
co
llection
is to
captu
r
e
empl
oyees beh
avior
experie
nces
whe
n
perfo
rm kno
w
led
g
e
shari
ng
in formal VCoPs. From two hundred an
d fifty
respon
dent p
a
rticip
ated
i
n
this study, two
h
und
red
and
four p
a
rticip
ant
wa
s
compl
e
te t
h
e
que
stionn
aire
. The maj
o
rit
y
of respon
d
ent we
re
31
-40 yea
r
s
old,
male, ha
s
st
aff ass po
siti
o
n
and working f
o
r mo
re than
eleven years
at the B
ank. The summa
ry of respo
nde
nt demog
rap
h
ic
is pre
s
e
n
t at table 2.
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IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 619 – 626
622
Table 2. Re
spond
ent Profi
l
e
Cou
n
t
%
Age 30
or
younge
r
31-40
41-50
51-50
51 or older
38
65
41
45
15
18%
32%
20%
22%
7%
Gende
r
Male
Femal
e
126
98
62%
48%
Position
Staff
Supervisor
Manager
Director
169
25
9
1
83%
12%
4%
1%
Experience in
current position
Less than 1
y
e
a
r
s
1-5 years
6-10 years
11-15 years
16
y
e
a
r
s and ab
ove
6
54
54
70
20
3%
26%
26%
34%
10%
Survey Ins
t
r
u
ment
Usi
ng th
e
re
sea
r
ch m
ode
l and
its con
s
tru
c
t the
survey instrume
nt wa
s devel
oped. A
survey
que
stionnaire ap
plies five p
o
int
linked
scale a
s
m
easure
m
ent
approa
ch. T
h
e
que
stionn
aire
wa
s d
e
velop
ed a
s
follo
w;
Part A:
Invitation letter, Pa
rt B: Dem
ographi
c qu
estio
n
and Id
entification validati
on, Part
C:
Perception
Q
uestio
n
relati
ng to Int
r
insi
c a
nd Extrin
sic
Motivation el
ement. All ite
m
s
of qu
estio
n
in
que
stion
naire
have
b
een
refe
rre
d
from p
r
io
r
wo
rks
and modified
acco
rd
ance with re
sea
r
ch
co
ntext.
The
items of q
u
e
stion
naire a
r
e
de
scribe
d
in
table 3.
Analysis
This
study a
p
p
lied Stru
ctu
r
al Equation
Mode
llin
g techniqu
e (SEM
) with th
e Sm
art PLS
softwa
r
e
sele
cted for d
a
ta analysi
s
.
3. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
In With re
sp
ect to the q
uality of the measure
m
e
n
t model for the full sa
mple, the
construct display
satisf
actory level
of
reli
ability as indi
cate from
composit
e reliability
and
conve
r
ge
nt validity that can be judg
e from looki
ng at
both signifi
cance of facto
r
loadin
g
and
the
sha
r
e ave
r
ag
e varian
ce ex
tracted valu
e and di
scrimin
ant validity as indicato
r for l
e
vel of validity.
3.1. Measure
ment Model
Ass
essme
n
t
This
study
co
ndu
ct is t
w
o t
y
pes
of analy
s
is
in
Sma
r
t Pls.
The
first analysi
s
wa
s perfo
rm
to assess a
n
d
identify the una
cceptabl
e
con
s
tru
c
t an
d will be d
r
op
ped in the n
e
x
t step [24]. This
asse
ssm
ent wa
s con
d
u
c
ted to guara
n
t
ee the indica
tor of all construct
s
me
et the minimum
accepta
b
le value for me
a
s
ureme
n
t mo
del. The indi
cator th
at finds a
s
we
ak
(loadi
ng fact
or
bello
w 0.5
)
[2
5] will
be
discarde
d
from th
e con
s
tru
c
ts.
Most
all of fifteen i
ndi
cators in
ab
out three
c
o
ns
tr
uc
ts
in o
u
r
re
s
e
a
r
ch
mo
de
l
w
a
s c
l
ass
i
fy have a
c
hieved
minimum val
ue for a
c
cept
able
levels
(only
one item
fro
m
extrin
sic
construct
wa
s dro
p
fro
m
a
nalysi
s
be
ca
use
did
not
met
accepta
b
le value). Ta
ble
3 describe
s
the all que
st
io
n exist in the
instrum
ent a
nd loadi
ng fa
ctor
value of each indicato
rs o
f
construct
s
a
nd tabl
e 4 de
scribe the
cross loadi
n
g
factor from ea
ch
c
o
ns
truc
t
s
of ins
t
rument.
this sectio
n, it is explaine
d
the re
sults
o
f
rese
arch a
n
d
at the sa
m
e
time is giv
en the
comp
re
hen
si
ve discussio
n
.
Results can
be prese
n
te
d in figure
s
,
grap
hs, tabl
e
s
and
others
tha
t
make t
he re
ader
und
erst
and e
a
sily [
2
], [5]. The discu
ssi
on
can be m
ade
in seve
ral
sub-
c
h
apters
.
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IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Im
pact of Extrinsi
c an
d Intrinsi
c Motivati
on on Kno
w
le
dge Sha
r
ing i
n
Virtual …
(S
etiawa
n A.)
623
Table 3. Que
s
tione
r items
and Lo
ading
Facto
r
Ques
tio
nnaire it
em
Load
i
ng
Fact
or
Extrinsic Bene
fi
t
1.
I would obtain a
higher salar
y
wh
en participate in Kno
w
ledge Shari
ng at VCoPs
0.5109
2.
I obtain higher b
onus when join in Kno
w
ledge Sh
aring at VCoPs
0.7019
3.
I obtain job prom
otion when active parti
cipate in Kno
w
ledge Sharin
g at VCoPs
0.8234
4.
When I share m
y
Kno
w
ledge in V
C
oPs, I expected
somebod
y
to
re
spond
w
hen I ne
ed
0.8207
5.
When I contribut
ed m
y
Kno
w
le
dg
e in VCoPs,
I expected get back know
ledge
w
hen
I need
0.7448
6.
When I share m
y
Kno
w
ledge in V
C
oPs, I believe m
y
que
ry
f
o
r kn
ow
led
ge
w
ill be answ
e
r in the futu
re
0.7855
7.
I believe people w
h
o share th
eir kno
w
ledge in
VCo
P
s is more prestige than othe
rs
0.8343
8.
Sharing Kno
w
led
ge in VCoPs w
ill increase m
y
rep
u
t
ation
0.8404
9.
Kno
w
ledge Shari
ng in VCoPs wou
l
d improve m
y
pr
estige
0.8298
Intrinsi
c Mo
ti
v
a
tion
10.
I enjo
y
sharing m
y
kno
w
ledge
0.8548
11.
Its feel good shar
e m
y
skill
0.8911
12.
Sharing kno
w
led
ge is pleasure
0.6429
Kno
w
ledge Sha
r
ing In
ten
t
io
n
13.
I w
ill per
for
m
KS
in VCoPs
0.9178
14.
I w
ill par
ticipate in KS in VCoPs
0.9191
15.
I w
ill involve in K
S
in VCoPs
0.8824
Internal
consi
s
tency of the co
nstruct was validate
by assessi
ng
composite reli
ability,
Cronbach
alpha a
nd A
VE [24]. Cro
nba
ch alp
ha
wa
s foun
d n
o
t less than
0.6 and the l
o
we
st Cron
b
a
ch
alpha valu
e is on extrin
si
c motivation 0.71. Nex
t, the Comp
osite
Reliability value is found m
o
re
than 0.7 an
d
the entire
construct h
a
s value mo
re
than 0.7 an
d the lowest
is on int
r
in
sic
motivation 0.
84. Finally,
AVE value is
found not
less
than 0.
5 and the
lowes
t
value is
on
extrinsi
c moti
vation 0.63 (See Table 5
and 6)
Table 4. Cro
ss
Loadi
ng Fact
or
Extrinsic
Intrinsi
c
KS
E2
0.7019
0.2824
0.4744
E3
0.8234
0.3609
0.4471
E4
0.8207
0.3398
0.3826
E5
0.7448
0.3286
0.3132
E6
0.7855
0.1783
0.3929
E7
0.8343
0.1834
0.3339
E8
0.8404
0.2173
0.3552
E9
0.8298
0.2295
0.3526
I1
0.2216
0.8548
0.2573
I2
0.3001
0.8911
0.3113
I3
0.2833
0.6429
0.2572
KS1 0.3967
0.3149
0.9178
KS2 0.4239
0.234
0.919
KS3 0.4934
0.3742
0.8824
Table 5. Reliability and Validity Test
A
VE C
R
R
Square
Cronb
ach’s
Al
p
h
a
Extrinsic 0.6383
0.9337
0
0.9188
Intrinsic 0.646
0.8431
0
0.7127
KS 0.8218
0.9326
0.2759
0.8924
Table 6. AVE Value
A
V
E
Extrinsic
Intrinsi
c
KS
Extrinsic 0.6383
0.798937
Intrinsic 0.646
0.3369
0.803741
KS 0.8218
0.4887
0.346
0.906532
3.2. Structu
r
al Model Ass
essmen
t
The ne
xt step an
alysis i
s
on
structural mo
de
l. Structural
model
wa
s a
s
sesse
d
in t
w
o
method
s. First the predi
ct
ive powe
r
of the m
odel wa
s evaluate
d
, and follows by analysi
s
o
f
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02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 619 – 626
624
con
s
tru
c
ting
relation
ship th
at state by hy
pothe
se
s. Fig
u
re
1 summa
rize
d the
anal
ysis
re
sult. T
he
importa
nt pri
n
cipl
e for e
v
aluate of the PLS
structural equ
a
t
ion model i
s
R2. Th
e R2
approximatio
ns th
e
relatio
n
shi
p
of
an
LV’s
el
u
c
idat
ed
va
riable
t
o
its aggre
g
ate varian
ce.
T
o
achi
eve a lo
w level of d
e
s
criptive po
wer, the value
s
shoul
d be
adeq
uately hi
gh for th
e m
odel.
This mod
e
l e
x
plained
27%
(see
figure
1). Ta
bl
e
sev
en d
e
scribe
s
the
summ
ary of hypothe
se
s
testing, in
clu
d
ing the
path
coeffici
ent a
nd T-val
ue
from ea
ch p
a
th
of con
s
truct
obtain fro
m
smart
PLS analysi
s
result
Table 7. Hyp
o
theses Te
sti
n
g
H T
Value
P Value
DF=200
Result
H1 5.501
0.0001
Supported
H2
3.017
0.0029
Supported
DF=
200
Hypo
the
s
is 1;
Evaluate
s
the rel
a
tion
sh
ip between i
n
trinsi
c motiva
tion and
kn
o
w
led
ge
sha
r
i
n
g
intention in V
C
oPs. T valu
e for this hyp
o
thesi
s
is t
=
5
.
501 wh
ere
DF=20
4
-4=200
(DF
= N-K, N =
numbe
r of re
spo
nde
nts, K= num
ber
of
variable
s
). Output from th
e
p value cal
c
ulation of the two-
tailed test
sh
ows P value
i
s
le
ss than
0.
0001. It
can
b
e
su
mma
rize
d by conventi
onal
crite
r
ia
a
n
d
this differen
c
e is co
nsi
dered as ex
tre
m
ely significant
statistically.
Hypo
the
s
is 2
;
Evaluates
the relatio
n
sh
ip betwe
en e
x
trinsic m
o
tivation and
kn
owle
dge
sha
r
ing
intention in V
C
oPs. T valu
e for this hyp
o
thesi
s
is t
=
3
.
017 wh
ere
DF=20
4
-4=200
(DF
= N-K, N =
numbe
r of re
spo
nde
nts, K= num
ber
of
variable
s
). Output from th
e
p value cal
c
ulation of the two-
tailed test
sh
ows P value
i
s
le
ss than
0.
0029. It
can
b
e
su
mma
rize
d by conventi
onal
crite
r
ia
a
n
d
this diffe
ren
c
e is
con
s
ide
r
ed
a
s
extre
m
ely si
gni
ficant stati
s
tical
l
y. All of pat
hs
we
re
fou
n
d
signifi
cant a
n
d
suppo
rt the
prev
io
us hyp
o
theses.
Det
a
il discu
s
sion
relate
d
with
the hypothe
ses
testing will present in discussi
on section.
Figure 1. Structural M
odel
Asse
ssme
nt
3.3. Discussi
on
Thro
ugh the
stru
ctural e
quation mo
d
e
l this
study
focus o
n
u
nderstan
d the role of
extrinsi
c
and
intrinsi
c moti
vation in i
n
flu
ence p
eopl
e
behavio
r in
p
e
rform
kno
w
l
edge
sha
r
ing
at
VCoPs.
Thi
s
study p
r
o
posi
ng a
nd te
stin
g a
mod
e
l th
at explicitly a
r
ticulate
s the
key va
riable
s
in
motivation theory, this
s
t
udy foc
u
s
e
s
t
o
get
advan
ce un
derstan
d
i
ng in
pe
ople
persp
ective
of
intrinsi
c
and
extrinsi
c moti
vation elem
e
n
t as
key
driv
e on K
n
o
w
led
ge Sha
r
ing
b
ehavior in virt
ual
comm
unitie
s
in
Indon
esi
a
culture conte
x
t.
Overall,
the re
sult of thi
s
stu
d
y supp
orts th
e findi
ng
from p
r
ior st
udie
s
. Thi
s
study found th
at both of
t
w
o motivation
types a
r
e
sig
n
ificantly affe
ct
peopl
e intenti
on in
kn
owl
e
dge
sha
r
in
g. The
re
sult
of
our i
n
vestig
ation indi
cate
that: Hypothe
se
s
1, intrinsi
c m
o
tivation influences p
eopl
e
intent
ion in
sha
r
ing th
eir
kno
w
le
dge vi
a VCoPs. O
u
r
study findin
g
is relevant
wi
th
the hypoth
e
se
s. Th
e po
sitive rel
a
tion
ship and
the signifi
cant
p
a
t
h
0.420
0.205
R2=0.276
H1
H2
Extrin
sic
Moti
v
a
tion
Intrinsic
Moti
v
a
tion
KS
Intentio
n
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IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Im
pact of Extrinsi
c an
d Intrinsi
c Motivati
on on Kno
w
le
dge Sha
r
ing i
n
Virtual …
(S
etiawa
n A.)
625
coeffici
ent in
dicate
s that peopl
e in the ban
king
in
stitution are
con
s
id
er thei
r enjoy helpi
ng
element
whe
n
they participate in VCo
P
s for
contri
buting thei
r kno
w
le
dge.
This findi
ng
is
approp
riate
with previo
us finding. T
hey f
ound
in
trin
si
c motivation
was im
pa
ct in
peopl
e intenti
o
n
to use
sha
r
e
kn
owle
dge
i
n
virtual
com
m
unities;
Hy
pothe
se
s 2 i
s
relevant
wit
h
Kan
k
ah
ali,et al
[20] work, we
found that p
eople
who b
e
lieve in ex
trin
sic b
enefit wil
l
contri
bute their
kno
w
led
ge
by parti
cipat
e in V
C
oP
s. This supp
ort Carbe
r
a
an
d Carb
era [2
6] study
whi
c
h i
ndi
cate t
hat
peopl
e will p
a
rticip
ate in
VCoPs a
nd
contributin
g th
eir kno
w
ledg
e whe
n
if they realize will
get
some
re
ward from their in
st
itution.
4. Conclusio
n
This Arti
cle
motivated by a need to
unde
rsta
nd t
he und
erlyin
g drivers the
role of
element moti
vation
in kn
o
w
led
ge sh
ari
ng
b
ehavio
r.
Thi
s
study examine
s
ext
r
insi
c (exp
ect
e
d
orga
nizationa
l re
wa
rd,
re
ci
pro
c
ity, and
reputation
)
a
n
d
intrin
si
c
(e
njoy hel
ping
) as p
r
ima
r
y key
that potentiall
y influences
peopl
e knowl
edge
sh
arin
g
behavio
r. Th
e re
sult sho
w
that both of that
factor si
gnificantly impact peopl
e intention in kn
o
w
le
dge shari
ng. In advanced,
this study also
found that pe
ople is m
o
re con
s
e
n
t on o
r
gani
zatio
nal
reward, re
cip
r
ocity, re
puta
t
ion and e
n
jo
y
helpin
g
in
sh
aring
thei
r
kn
owle
dge. In
t
he
contex
t
of Indon
esi
a
, t
he findi
ng
wa
s
confi
r
med
t
hat
intrinsi
c
and
extrinsi
c el
e
m
ent ha
s n
o
different
affe
ct to Indone
si
a peo
ple b
e
h
a
vior fro
m
ot
hers
resea
r
ch find
ing. Ho
weve
r, there is
se
veral lim
itatio
n of this stu
d
y. First, the sampl
e
wa
s
sele
cted
from
two
hun
dre
d
and
four em
ployee
s in
ju
st on
e o
r
ga
ni
zation
in In
d
one
sia
ban
ki
ng
institution. In order to co
nfirm our fin
d
ing
anoth
e
r investigation
could cond
uct by test the
resea
r
ch mo
del in
an
othe
r
study. Th
e
model
sh
ould
be te
st fu
rth
e
r
usin
g
different
sam
p
le f
r
om
other type o
f
institution
and al
so fro
m
differ
ent
countrie
s
, si
n
c
e
cultural d
i
fference am
ong
orga
nization
s and co
untri
e
s
may lead t
o
different be
lief and beh
a
v
ior of the people. Se
con
d
,
large
r
sam
p
l
e
would
b
r
in
g mo
re
stati
s
tical
po
we
r wo
uld
have
allo
wed
mo
re
so
phisti
c
a
t
ed
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