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urna
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Co
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Science
Vo
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21
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.
2
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Feb
r
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:
h
ttp
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//ij
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cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Desig
n of a
m
inia
turi
z
ed
w
ideba
nd
disc
m
o
no
po
le an
tenna used
in RF
ID
sy
ste
ms
Su
f
y
a
n H
a
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a
a
Ali
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m
ed
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a
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a
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us
if
Azz
a
w
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a
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m
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3
De
p
a
rtem
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
T
ik
rit
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
q
2
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ju
n
15
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
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A
u
g
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cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
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1
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2
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2
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Ra
d
io
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
(
RF
ID)
is
a
n
im
p
o
rtan
t
w
irele
ss
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
w
h
ich
u
ti
li
z
e
s
ra
d
io
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
ies
(RF
s)
f
o
r
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
d
a
ta
b
e
tw
e
e
n
tw
o
o
r
m
o
re
p
o
in
ts
(tag
s
a
n
d
re
a
d
e
rs),
th
a
t
re
p
re
se
n
t
a
n
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
(A
u
to
-
ID)
s
y
ste
m
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
s
a
n
o
m
n
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
m
icro
strip
a
n
ten
n
a
o
p
e
ra
tes
a
t
2
.
4
5
G
Hz
u
se
d
f
o
r
a
ra
d
i
o
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
(RF
ID)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
is
3
6
.
5
m
m
a
n
d
th
e
w
id
th
is
2
7
m
m
.
T
h
e
su
b
stra
te
m
a
teria
l
w
h
ich
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
se
d
a
s
a
b
a
se
o
f
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
is
F
R
4
th
a
t
h
a
s
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
v
a
lu
e
o
f
4
.
3
a
n
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
th
ick
n
e
ss
v
a
lu
e
o
f
1
.
6
m
m
.
Re
g
a
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
re
t
u
rn
l
o
ss
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
is
-
3
4
.
8
d
B.
A
p
ro
m
isin
g
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
2
.
8
d
B
h
a
s b
e
e
n
a
c
h
iev
e
d
w
it
h
o
m
n
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
ra
d
iati
o
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
a
n
a
c
c
e
p
tab
le
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
6
6
%
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
sh
e
s
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
.
2
1
G
H
z
in
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
n
g
e
o
f
(2
.
1
4
-
3
.
3
5
)
G
H
z
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sim
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(CS
T
)
m
icro
w
a
v
e
stu
d
i
o
so
f
tw
a
r
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
se
d
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
a
b
rica
t
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
it
s
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
m
e
a
su
re
d
u
sin
g
v
e
c
to
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
r
(t
y
p
e
M
S
4
6
4
2
A
).
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
d
e
sig
n
a
c
h
iev
e
a
li
tt
le b
it
d
if
f
e
re
n
c
e
s as
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
l
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
O
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
P
ar
tial g
r
o
u
n
d
P
atch
an
ten
n
a
R
FID
W
id
eb
an
d
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Yo
u
s
i
f
A
zz
a
w
i H
ac
h
i
m
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
T
ik
r
it Un
iv
er
s
it
y
Salah
AL
d
i
n
,
T
ik
r
it,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
y
o
u
s
if
az
za
w
i@
s
t.t
u
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
id
en
t
if
icatio
n
(
R
FID
)
i
s
a
n
au
to
-
I
D
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
h
at
e
m
p
lo
y
s
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
(
E
M)
w
a
v
es
to
e
x
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ea
d
er
s
a
n
d
tag
s
f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
a
n
d
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
[
1
]
.
R
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
in
th
e
u
ltra
-
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
(
R
FID
UH
F)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
e
m
er
g
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
id
en
ti
f
ic
at
io
n
,
u
s
e
d
w
id
el
y
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
ar
ea
s
d
u
e
to
b
en
ef
i
ts
t
h
at
p
r
ese
n
t
a
s
t
h
e
lo
n
g
r
ea
d
r
an
g
e
an
d
m
i
n
iat
u
r
ized
s
ize
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
es
r
ad
io
w
av
e
s
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
an
d
th
e
tag
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
R
FID
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
ap
p
lied
in
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ai
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
lo
g
i
s
tic
s
.
A
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tain
s
tag
,
r
ea
d
er
an
d
i
ts
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
er
’
s
a
n
ten
n
a
tr
an
s
m
it
s
a
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
R
F)
s
i
g
n
a
l
t
o
th
e
ta
g
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
es
an
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
it
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
u
ltra
-
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
UH
F)
b
an
d
is
m
u
c
h
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
d
u
e
to
its
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
f
ast
r
ea
d
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
h
i
g
h
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ate
an
d
lo
n
g
d
etec
tio
n
in
r
an
g
e.
I
d
ea
lly
,
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
o
f
UHF
-
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
tar
t
f
r
o
m
8
6
0
to
9
6
0
MH
z.
Sev
er
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
es
o
f
UHF
-
R
FID
b
a
n
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
as
s
i
g
n
ed
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Desig
n
o
f a
Min
ia
tu
r
iz
ed
W
id
eb
a
n
d
Dis
c
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
Used
in
R
F
I
D
S
ystems
(
S
u
fya
n
Ha
z
z
a
a
A
li
)
995
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
zo
n
e
[
5
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
d
esig
n
a
w
id
eb
an
d
an
ten
n
a
o
f
r
ea
d
er
w
ith
d
esira
b
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
en
tire
b
an
d
o
f
(
8
6
0
–
9
6
0
)
MH
z
is
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
n
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t,
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
[
6
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
ty
p
ical
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
o
f
R
FID
tag
s
;
ac
ti
v
e,
p
ass
iv
e
a
n
d
s
e
m
i
-
(
ac
ti
v
e
/
p
ass
i
v
e)
/
b
atter
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
ass
iv
e
[
7
,
8
]
.
E
v
er
y
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
ese
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
h
as
p
r
i
v
te
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
f
r
o
m
it
s
i
n
n
er
ele
m
en
ts
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
ctiv
e
tag
ar
e
b
atter
y
an
d
s
en
d
er
th
at
h
e
lp
to
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
s
ig
n
al
th
a
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
ex
te
n
d
ed
an
d
m
o
r
e
cr
ed
ib
le
s
en
d
r
an
g
e
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
b
atter
y
an
d
s
en
d
er
in
p
ass
iv
e
ta
g
b
u
t
it
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
i
-
ac
ti
v
e
ta
g
r
ef
lect
s
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
s
ig
n
al
w
it
h
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
b
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
i
s
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
b
y
e
x
p
lo
itin
g
a
n
in
n
er
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
b
atter
ies
[
9
]
.
R
FID
is
f
astl
y
m
o
u
n
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
p
r
es
en
ts
m
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
t
h
a
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
c
h
as
b
ar
co
d
e.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
b
ar
co
d
e
r
ea
d
in
g
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
i
n
li
n
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t
(
L
OS)
b
et
w
ee
n
s
ca
n
n
er
an
d
lab
el
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
b
j
ec
ts
m
a
n
u
al
l
y
o
r
s
ca
n
n
er
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
d
ata
in
R
FID
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
r
o
m
ta
g
ca
n
d
o
w
it
h
o
u
t
L
OS
an
d
also
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
n
ee
d
ed
.
Sin
g
h
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
p
r
ese
n
ted
a
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
R
FID
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
b
e
r
eso
n
atee
d
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
f
o
r
R
FID
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
i
s
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
icr
o
s
tip
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
f
f
er
ed
d
esi
g
n
m
er
g
es
t
h
e
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
i
th
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ize
is
(
3
6
.
5
27
1
.
6
7
)
m
m
3
w
h
ic
h
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
g
o
o
d
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
a
tch
i
n
g
,
s
u
itab
le
g
ai
n
,
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
g
o
o
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
s
m
all
s
ize
a
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
o
v
er
th
e
c
o
m
p
lete
o
p
e
r
atin
g
b
an
d
.
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
T
h
e
id
ea
l RF
I
D
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tai
n
s
t
w
o
R
FID
s
u
b
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
es
e
ar
e
tag
a
n
d
r
ea
d
er
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
e
v
ices
in
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
.
R
FID
i
s
n
o
n
co
n
tact
(
w
ir
ele
s
s
)
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
R
F)
th
r
o
u
g
h
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
s
(
E
MF
s
)
as
a
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
ch
a
n
n
el
t
o
ca
r
r
y
d
ata
f
r
o
m
p
o
in
t to
o
th
er
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
id
e
n
ti
f
y
i
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es [
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
o
f
r
ea
d
er
tr
a
n
s
m
it
s
an
R
F
s
i
g
n
al
to
th
e
an
ten
n
a
o
f
ta
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
es
d
ata
f
r
o
m
it
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
tag
co
n
tain
s
a
ch
ip
as
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ele
m
en
t
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
c
h
ip
i
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
id
en
t
i
f
y
a
n
o
b
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
er
s
en
d
s
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
s
R
F
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
id
e
(
tag
)
o
f
R
FID
[
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Si
m
p
le
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
in
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
is
a
n
te
n
n
a
th
at
p
er
m
its
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
a
ta
b
et
w
ee
n
tag
a
n
d
r
ea
d
er
.
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ates
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
b
an
d
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
ie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
3
0
Hz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
all
y
,
R
FI
D
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
is
m
ai
n
l
y
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
f
o
u
r
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
as
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
1
2
5
1
3
4
)
KHz
,
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
3
.
5
6
MH
z,
u
ltra
-
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
8
6
0
9
6
0
)
MH
z
an
d
m
icr
o
wav
e
(
MW
)
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
(
2
.
4
5
o
r
5
.
8
)
GHz
[
1
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
th
e
m
icr
o
w
av
e
(
MW
)
R
FID
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
i
n
ter
es
tin
g
,
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
is
lo
n
g
,
t
y
p
icall
y
(
2
–
1
5
)
m
[
1
6
]
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
R
FID
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
w
id
er
i
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
in
w
ir
el
ess
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
(
W
i
-
F
i)
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
t la
y
er
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
T
)
lay
er
[
1
6
]
.
P
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
:
a)
On
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
ad
io
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
R
F)
tag
s
b)
On
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
in
ter
r
o
g
ato
r
s
(
r
ea
d
er
s
)
c)
On
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
ea
d
er
an
ten
n
a
s
d)
Dep
lo
y
m
e
n
t e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
T
)
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
:
a)
Har
d
w
ar
e
s
u
c
h
as c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
9
9
4
-
1
0
0
4
996
b)
Net
w
o
r
k
s
c)
So
f
t
w
ar
e
(
d
ev
ice
d
r
iv
er
s
,
f
ilter
s
,
m
id
d
le
w
ar
e,
an
d
u
s
er
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
)
2
.
1
.
RF
I
D
o
pera
t
ing
princip
le
s
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
i
n
t
w
o
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
:
a
t
r
an
s
ce
i
v
er
(
tr
an
s
m
itter
/r
ec
eiv
er
)
a
n
d
an
ten
n
a
w
h
ic
h
u
s
u
all
y
co
m
b
in
ed
as
an
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
.
A
tr
a
n
s
p
o
n
d
er
(
tr
an
s
m
itter
/r
esp
o
n
d
er
)
an
d
a
n
ten
n
a
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
to
m
ak
e
an
R
FID
ta
g
.
R
FID
ta
g
is
r
e
ad
w
h
en
th
e
r
ea
d
er
e
m
it
s
a
r
ad
io
s
ig
n
al
t
h
at
ac
ti
v
ates
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
n
d
er
,
w
h
ic
h
s
en
d
s
d
ata
b
ac
k
to
th
e
tr
a
n
s
c
eiv
er
.
B
asic
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
an
a
n
ten
n
a
o
r
co
il,
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
(
w
it
h
d
ec
o
d
er
)
an
d
a
tr
an
s
p
o
n
d
er
(
R
F
tag
)
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
w
it
h
u
n
iq
u
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
an
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
is
to
en
ab
le
d
ata
to
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
y
a
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ice,
c
alled
a
tag
,
w
h
ic
h
is
r
ea
d
b
y
an
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
y
t
h
e
ta
g
m
a
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
id
en
tif
icatio
n
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
tag
g
ed
,
s
u
ch
as
p
r
ice,
co
lo
r
,
d
ate
o
f
p
u
r
ch
ase,
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
A
t
y
p
ical
R
FID
ta
g
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
m
icr
o
ch
ip
attac
h
ed
to
a
r
ad
io
an
ten
n
a
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
ch
ip
ca
n
s
to
r
e
as
m
u
ch
as 2
k
ilo
b
y
tes o
f
d
ata
[
1
9
]
.
2
.
2
.
O
pera
t
ing
f
re
qu
ency
W
ith
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
I
n
t
er
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
OT
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
R
FID
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
ap
p
lied
to
d
ail
y
lif
e
[
2
0
]
.
E
ac
h
R
F
h
as
its
p
r
iv
ate
r
ea
d
d
is
tan
ce
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
.
B
y
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
ch
o
ice
[
2
]
.
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
o
p
er
ated
at
w
id
el
y
d
if
f
er
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies,
r
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
3
5
KHz
lo
n
g
w
a
v
e
to
5
.
8
GH
z
in
th
e
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
r
a
n
g
e
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
all
y
,
R
FID
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
s
m
a
in
l
y
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
u
c
h
f
o
u
r
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
a
s
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
1
2
5
–
1
3
4
)
KHz
,
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
1
3
.
5
6
MH
z,
u
ltra
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
8
6
0
–
9
6
0
)
MH
z
an
d
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
(
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
ab
o
v
e)
[
1
5
]
.
2
.
3
.
RF
I
D
a
nte
nn
a
s
R
FID
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
an
s
f
er
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
ag
an
d
r
ea
d
er
an
te
n
n
as.
R
FI
D
an
te
n
n
a
k
in
d
s
ar
e
p
atc
h
a
n
te
n
n
a,
li
n
e
ar
p
o
lar
ized
an
ten
n
a,
g
ate
a
n
t
en
n
a
an
d
s
tic
k
a
n
te
n
n
a.
R
FI
D
an
te
n
n
a
t
y
p
es
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
[
2
1
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
,
a
n
R
F
I
D
an
te
n
n
a
s
h
o
u
ld
s
at
is
f
y
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
[
2
1
]
:
(
i)
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
m
all
s
iz
e,
(
ii)
s
h
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
v
er
ag
e
o
r
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
ical
co
v
er
ag
e,
(
iii)
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
ax
i
m
u
m
tr
an
s
f
er
s
i
g
n
al,
(
i
v
)
ch
ea
p
,
(
v
)
r
o
b
u
s
t a
n
d
(
v
i)
co
m
p
ac
t.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
o
r
u
s
e
i
n
R
E
I
D
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
esp
ec
iall
y
in
U
HF
b
an
d
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
[
1
3
]
.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
is
p
r
in
ted
o
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
a
ter
ial
s
u
c
h
as
F
R
4
t
h
at
h
a
s
th
r
ee
la
y
er
s
;
u
p
p
er
s
id
e,
d
ilectr
ic
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
w
h
er
e
th
e
u
p
p
er
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
es
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
s
u
ch
as
co
p
p
er
o
r
g
o
ld
.
A
r
ad
iati
n
g
p
atc
h
ca
n
ta
k
e
an
y
cr
ed
ib
le
s
h
ap
e
s
u
c
h
as
tr
ia
n
g
le,
cir
cle,
f
r
ac
tal,
etc.
an
d
is
p
r
in
ted
in
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
s
id
e,
w
h
ile
lo
w
er
s
id
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
)
is
t
y
p
icall
y
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
[
2
2
]
.
Fo
r
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
an
a
n
ten
n
a,
a
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
r
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
w
it
h
th
ic
k
d
ielec
tr
ic
is
s
u
itab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
est r
ad
iatio
n
,
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
w
id
e
b
an
d
wid
th
[
2
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N:
2502
-
4752
Desig
n
o
f a
Min
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tu
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iz
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id
eb
a
n
d
Dis
c
Mo
n
o
p
o
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A
n
ten
n
a
Used
in
R
F
I
D
S
ystems
(
S
u
fya
n
Ha
z
z
a
a
A
li
)
997
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
FID
an
te
n
n
a
t
y
p
es
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
t
en
n
a
3.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
d
em
er
it
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
s
ar
e
v
er
y
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
lo
w
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
h
ig
h
f
ee
d
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
lo
s
s
es
a
n
d
l
o
w
p
o
w
er
h
a
n
d
lin
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
w
h
ic
h
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
i
s
a
n
ten
n
a
[
2
2
-
24
]
.
B
u
t,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
s
id
e,
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
h
a
s
m
an
y
m
er
its
s
u
c
h
s
m
all
s
ize
,
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
lo
w
f
ab
r
icatio
n
co
s
t
co
n
f
o
r
m
ab
le
a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
b
u
ild
[
2
4
]
.
Ma
n
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
tl
y
s
t
u
d
ie
d
s
ev
er
al
s
h
ap
es
o
f
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
u
s
ed
in
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
ta
k
i
n
g
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
e
o
m
e
tr
y
.
Ge
n
er
all
y
,
th
e
s
m
al
ler
s
ize,
b
est
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
g
o
o
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
R
FID
an
te
n
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
as
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
f
m
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
[
2
5
]
a
ty
p
e
o
f
co
m
p
ac
t
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
s
ize
o
f
(
3
0
3
0
1
.
6
)
mm
3
a
n
d
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
w
id
th
with
ac
ce
p
tab
le
g
ain
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
b
a
n
d
w
id
t
h
i
s
8
0
MH
z
i
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
(
2
.
4
2
2
.
5
)
GHz
.
I
n
[
2
6
]
d
esig
n
ed
an
an
ten
n
a
to
co
v
er
d
u
al
b
a
n
d
2
.
4
,
5
.
8
GHz
R
FID
o
p
er
atio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
lik
e
s
a
n
F
-
s
h
ap
ed
r
ad
iato
r
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
t
o
tal
s
ize
o
f
(
3
8
×
4
5
×
1
.
6
)
m
m
3
a
n
d
ac
h
iev
ed
g
o
o
d
r
ea
lized
g
ain
.
I
n
[
2
7
]
a
d
u
al
b
an
d
p
r
in
ted
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
an
ten
n
a
o
p
er
ates
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
is
F
R
4
an
d
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
i
s
(
l5
8
5
.
7
5
)
m
m
2
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
1
.
6
m
m
.
T
h
e
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
o
f
th
is
a
n
te
n
n
a
at
2
.
4
5
GH
z
is
-
1
0
.
6
1
d
B
an
d
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
is
1
2
2
MH
z.
T
h
e
g
ai
n
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ea
l
ized
o
f
t
h
i
s
a
n
ten
n
a
is
3
.
7
9
8
d
B
.
I
n
[
2
8
]
a
co
m
p
ac
t
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
s
tac
k
ed
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
o
p
er
ates
at
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
.
4
5
GHz
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
a
m
o
b
ile
p
ass
iv
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
(
5
8
5
8
)
m
m
2
w
ith
lar
g
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
1
1
m
m
.
T
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
.
3
1
to
2
.
5
6
G
Hz
an
d
th
e
p
ea
k
g
ain
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
o
f
6
.
3
2
d
B
in
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
2
.
4
5
GHz
w
as
p
r
esen
ted
.
I
n
[
2
9
]
a
s
in
g
le
la
y
er
p
ass
i
v
e
R
FID
tag
an
ten
n
a
co
n
tain
in
g
a
p
air
o
f
T
an
d
U
s
lo
ts
c
u
t
o
n
a
s
q
u
ar
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
w
i
th
an
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
.
4
5
/
2
.
4
1
GHz
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Di
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
an
te
n
n
a
ar
e
(
3
5
3
5
)
m
m
2
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
h
as
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
2
5
0
MH
z
an
d
t
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
to
2
.
1
d
B
.
I
n
[
3
0
]
an
a
n
te
n
n
a
o
p
er
ated
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
v
er
al
l
s
ize
o
f
(
3
5
26
1
.
6
7
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
g
ain
o
f
2
.
5
d
B
at
2
.
4
1
5
GHz
w
as
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
I
n
[
3
1
]
a
n
e
w
m
i
n
iat
u
r
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
s
ize
o
f
(
2
1
.
2
2
3
2
.
0
5
)
m
m
2
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
o
f
1
.
9
1
d
B
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
eq
u
al
to
327
MH
z.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
es
ig
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
ar
e
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
s
m
al
l
s
ize
w
ith
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
an
d
s
u
itab
le
v
al
u
e
o
f
g
ai
n
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
est
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
v
alu
e
a
n
d
VSW
R
t
h
at
lead
to
g
et
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a.
Ma
n
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
a
m
i
n
iat
u
r
e
an
te
n
n
a,
as
t
h
e
s
lo
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
3
2
-
35
]
,
th
e
f
r
ac
tal
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
th
e
De
f
ec
ted
Gr
o
u
n
d
Stru
ctu
r
e
(
DG
S)
[
3
6
]
,
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
e
ta
m
a
ter
ia
l stru
ct
u
r
e
[
3
7
].
4.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
AND
G
E
O
M
E
T
RY
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
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n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
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u
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2
0
2
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d
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E
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C
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m
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4752
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n
d
Dis
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t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
t
en
n
a
is
at
tr
ac
tiv
e
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
ea
s
y
to
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
f
ab
r
ica
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
ten
n
a
h
as
s
e
v
er
al
ad
v
a
n
tag
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s
u
ch
a
s
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v
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id
e
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m
p
e
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ce
b
an
d
w
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th
,
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
,
an
d
s
m
al
l size.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Q.
L
iu
,
J.
e
t
a
l
,
"
Co
m
p
a
c
t
0
.
9
2
/2
.
4
5
-
G
H
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
d
irec
t
i
o
n
a
l
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ircu
larly
p
o
lariz
e
d
m
icro
strip
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
h
a
n
d
h
e
ld
RF
ID rea
d
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
An
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
3
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
8
4
9
-
3
8
5
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
D.
P
a
rk
a
sh
,
T
.
Ku
n
d
u
,
a
n
d
P
.
K
a
u
r,
“
T
h
e
RF
ID
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
IT
S
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
Re
v
ie
w
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr
o
n
.
Co
mm
u
n
.
In
stru
m
.
En
g
.
Res
.
De
v
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
-
1
2
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
K.
F
in
k
e
n
z
e
ll
e
r
a
n
d
R.
W
a
d
d
i
n
g
to
n
,
RF
ID Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
2
n
d
e
d
.
,
p
p
.
1
6
1
-
1
8
1
,
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
a
n
d
L
.
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
0
3
.
[4
]
W.
-
S
.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
Y.
-
C.
Hu
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
CP
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
UH
F
RF
ID
h
a
n
d
h
e
ld
re
a
d
e
r
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
Pr
o
p
a
g
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
-
1
3
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
C.
Ra
v
it
e
ja,
C.
V
a
ra
d
h
a
n
,
M
.
Ka
n
a
g
a
sa
b
a
i,
A
.
K.
S
a
rm
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ve
lan
,
“
A
fra
c
t
a
l
-
b
a
se
d
c
irc
u
l
a
rly
p
o
l
a
rize
d
UH
F
RF
ID re
a
d
e
r a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
I
EE
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s W
irel.
P
ro
p
a
g
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
4
9
9
-
5
0
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
J.
H.
L
u
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
P
lan
a
r
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
c
ircu
larly
p
o
lariz
e
d
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
s
q
u
a
re
slo
t
f
o
r
UH
F
RF
ID
re
a
d
e
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
A
n
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
5
-
5
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
C.
-
H.
Ch
ia
n
g
,
T
.
-
H.
Ch
e
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
-
Y.
C
h
e
n
,
"
A
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
RF
ID
tag
a
n
ten
n
a
u
sin
g
m
in
iatu
rize
d
p
a
t
c
h
stru
c
t
u
re
f
o
r
m
e
talli
c
o
b
jec
t
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
"
in
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
S
o
c
iety
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
(
AP
S
URS
I)
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
0
-
1
5
1
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
V
.
C
h
a
w
la an
d
D.
S
.
Ha
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
p
a
ss
iv
e
RF
ID,"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
A
.
F
a
h
m
y
,
H.
A
lt
a
f
,
A
.
A
l
Na
b
u
lsi,
A
.
A
l
-
A
li
a
n
d
R.
A
b
u
ru
k
b
a
,
"
Ro
le
o
f
RF
ID
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
sm
a
rt
c
it
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,"
3
rd
In
t.
Co
n
f.
C
o
m
mu
n
.
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
.
t
h
e
ir
Ap
p
l.
I
CCS
PA
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
R.
Cro
n
in
,
"
RF
ID v
e
rsu
s Ba
rc
o
d
e
,
"
Ph
a
rm
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
S
.
P
.
S
in
g
h
,
M
.
M
c
Ca
rt
n
e
y
,
J.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
R
.
Clark
e
,
"
RF
ID
re
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
f
o
r
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
s
o
f
a
p
p
a
re
l,
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
g
o
o
d
s
a
n
d
f
re
sh
p
ro
d
u
c
e
in
th
e
re
tail
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istri
b
u
ti
o
n
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
"
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c
k
a
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
S
c
i.
A
n
In
t.
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
91
-
1
0
2
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
2
]
A
.
K
a
u
r,
"
E
lec
tro
n
ica
ll
y
S
tee
ra
b
le
p
lan
e
r
P
h
a
se
d
A
rra
y
,
"
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te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
re
n
d
s
a
n
d
T
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c
h
n
o
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o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
0
8
-
7
1
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
R.
A
.
R.
Ib
ra
h
im
a
n
d
M
.
C.
E.
Ya
g
o
u
b
,
"
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
n
o
v
e
l
d
e
sig
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
slo
t
a
n
ten
n
a
M
S
P
S
A
f
o
r
R
F
ID ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,"
in
CCEC
E
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
Y.
-
Y.
L
u
,
S
.
-
C.
W
e
i
a
n
d
H.
-
C.
Hu
a
n
g
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
RF
ID
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
2
.
4
5
G
Hz
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,"
i
n
4
t
h
In
t.
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
(
ICICIC)
,
p
p
.
6
0
1
-
6
0
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
5
]
B.
Zh
a
o
a
n
d
H.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
RF
ID t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
[
J],”
El
e
c
tro
n
.
De
s.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
K.
F
in
k
e
n
z
e
ll
e
r,
RF
ID
h
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
:
fu
n
d
a
me
n
ta
ls
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
in
c
o
n
ta
c
tl
e
ss
sm
a
rt
c
a
rd
s,
ra
d
io
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
n
e
a
r
-
fi
e
ld
c
o
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
,
3
rd
e
d
.
U.
K.
:
Jo
h
n
w
il
e
y
&
so
n
s,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
7
]
J.
K.
P
a
k
k
a
th
il
lam
a
n
d
M
.
Ka
n
a
g
a
s
a
b
a
i,
"
Circu
larly
p
o
larise
d
m
u
lt
ise
rv
ic
e
RF
ID
a
n
ten
n
a
,
"
IE
T
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
s,
An
ten
n
a
s P
r
o
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
-
2
3
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
R.
Ca
so
,
A
.
M
ich
e
l,
M
.
R
o
d
rig
u
e
z
-
P
i
n
o
a
n
d
P
.
Ne
p
a
,
"
Du
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
UH
F
-
RF
ID/W
LAN
c
ircu
larl
y
p
o
lariz
e
d
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
p
o
rtab
le R
F
ID rea
d
e
rs,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
An
te
n
n
a
s P
ro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
2
2
-
2
8
2
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
M
.
Ka
u
r,
M
.
S
a
n
d
h
u
,
N.
M
o
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
S
a
n
d
h
u
,
“
RF
ID
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
P
rin
c
ip
les
,
A
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s,
L
im
it
a
ti
o
n
s
&
It
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
t.
J
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
E
lec
tr.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
-
1
5
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
F
.
L
iu
,
R.
Jia
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
HU
,
“
RF
I
D
m
id
d
lew
a
re
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
w
a
re
h
o
u
se
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
Co
mp
u
t.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
7
2
-
2
7
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
K.
A
h
sa
n
,
H.
S
h
a
h
a
n
d
P
.
Kin
g
s
t
o
n
,
“
RF
ID
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
n
In
tr
o
d
u
c
t
o
ry
a
n
d
Ex
p
lo
ra
to
ry
S
tu
d
y
.
”
a
rXiv
p
re
p
rin
t
a
rXiv
:
1
0
0
2
.
1
1
7
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
2
]
C.
A
.
Ba
lan
is,
ANT
ENNA
T
HEORY
ANA
L
Y
S
I
S
AND
DES
IGN
,
3
r
d
e
d
.
,
Ho
b
o
k
e
n
,
Ne
w
Je
rs
e
y
:
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
3
]
B.
S
.
A
.
I.
S
a
n
d
e
e
p
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
rra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
t
2
.
4
G
H
z
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
s
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
&
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
1,
p
p
.
1
-
5,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
4
]
D.
G
.
F
a
n
g
,
An
ten
n
a
T
h
e
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