Ind
o
n
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ian Jou
r
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al
o
f
E
le
ctric
a
l E
n
g
in
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r
ing
and
C
o
mp
u
t
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S
c
ienc
e
V
ol
. 8
,
No.
3
,
Dec
em
be
r
20
17
, p
p
.
6
27
~
6
30
DO
I: 1
0.
11
5
91
/
i
j
ee
c
s
.v
8
.
i
3
.
pp
62
7
-
63
0
6
27
Rec
ei
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ed
A
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t
2
, 2
01
7
;
Rev
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s
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O
c
to
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r
2
7
,
2
01
7
;
A
c
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ted
Nov
e
mb
er
1
1
,
20
17
Yagi
-
U
da
A
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te
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na f
or Na
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i
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i
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s Usi
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HFSS
Ramesh.
P
.
1
,
V
.M
ath
iv
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:
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F
re
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(UHF),
ANSYS, HFSS
to
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Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
7
I
ns
titu
t
e
o
f
Adv
a
nc
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Eng
i
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ring
a
nd
Sc
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nc
e
.
All
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t
s
re
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e
rve
d.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
A
s
ub
s
ta
nti
al
nu
m
be
r
of
r
es
ea
r
c
h
ac
ti
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i
ti
es
ha
v
e
b
e
en
c
on
du
c
ted
on
t
he
m
att
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of
wi
r
el
es
s
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m
un
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c
ati
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s
t
ha
t
ut
i
l
i
z
es
m
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c
r
ow
a
v
e
ba
nd
s
.
T
he
v
as
t
m
aj
orit
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of
the
wi
r
el
es
s
ne
t
w
ork
s
uti
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d
tod
a
y
are
us
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ng
O
m
ni
di
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ec
ti
on
a
l
an
te
nn
as
.
In
1
98
9
,
Y
a
gi
-
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a
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s
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was
f
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r
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t
r
ec
om
m
en
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d
b
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Hua
ng
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he
a
nte
nn
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propos
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d
h
ad
f
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r
p
a
tc
h
es
tha
t
w
ere
el
ec
tr
om
ag
ne
t
i
c
al
l
y
c
o
up
l
e
d
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ac
h
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he
r
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T
o
ac
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e
v
ed
th
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m
ax
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m
u
m
ga
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of
8
dB
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T
hi
s
t
y
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v
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a
ng
em
en
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h
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s
a
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s
p
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of
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dv
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tag
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s
i
n
gl
e
m
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c
r
os
tr
i
p
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t
en
n
as
l
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k
e
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
g
ai
n
an
d
d
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t
i
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y
.
A
dri
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pa
tc
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nt
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d
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pa
r
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ti
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al
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up
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ed
r
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l
ec
tors
an
d d
i
r
ec
tor p
atc
h e
l
em
en
t.
T
he
na
r
r
o
w
-
ba
n
d
a
nte
n
na
of
y
ag
i
-
ud
a
ha
s
be
e
n
d
es
i
gn
ed
t
o
op
erate
on
l
y
on
F
M
c
ha
nn
e
l
.
T
he
ga
i
n
f
or
i
ts
s
i
z
es
an
d
an
eq
ua
l
l
y
n
arr
o
w
m
ai
n
l
o
be
(
b
ea
m
)
are
the
b
es
t
i
n
th
i
s
an
te
nn
a.
T
he
y
a
g
i
a
nte
n
na
ha
s
b
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n
de
s
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ed
as
pe
r
the
de
s
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s
h
o
w
n
be
l
o
w
c
an
c
o
v
er
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l
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of
s
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te
di
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t
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e
of
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n
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K
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t
h
j
us
t
1
watt
RF
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wer
.
Nor
m
al
l
y
a
Y
ag
i
a
nte
nn
a
c
om
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s
ed
of
on
e ref
l
ec
tor (
i
n t
he
r
e
ar)
, o
ne
dri
v
e
n e
l
em
en
t a
n
d o
ne
or m
ore di
r
ec
tors
.
In
th
i
s
pa
pe
r
,
t
he
u
l
tr
a
hi
gh
f
r
eq
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nc
y
ba
n
d
of
y
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g
i
-
ud
a
an
t
en
n
a
h
as
be
en
pr
op
o
s
ed
f
or
na
v
i
g
ati
on
a
l
ai
ds
.
T
he
m
ai
n
a
i
m
of
thi
s
w
ork
to
i
m
prov
e
the
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
of
the
an
t
en
na
.T
he
m
ai
n
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
are s
-
pa
r
am
ete
r
, return l
os
s
, V
S
W
R an
d ra
di
at
i
o
n p
a
tte
r
n.
2.
L
it
er
atu
r
e
S
u
r
v
e
y
[1]
P
r
es
e
nte
d
a
c
om
pa
c
t
y
a
g
i
-
ud
a
a
nte
n
na
t
o
ac
h
i
e
v
e
t
he
r
a
di
a
ti
o
n
p
att
ern
a
nd
a
l
s
o
op
ti
m
i
z
e
d
to
be
s
tr
ai
gh
tf
orw
ardl
y
f
ed
b
y
a
50
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
l
i
ne
wi
th
a
ba
l
u
n.
In
the
ad
d
i
ti
on
of
a
c
a
v
i
t
y
i
s
i
nc
or
po
r
ate
d
i
n t
he
ba
c
k
of
th
e s
ub
s
tr
ate
t
o
pro
v
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d
e
l
o
w l
os
s
, h
i
gh
ga
i
n
an
d
be
s
t
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
i
n
th
i
s
an
t
en
na
.
In
[2]
ex
pl
a
i
n
ed
to
i
m
prov
e
t
he
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
at
m
os
ph
eric
hu
m
i
di
t
y
of
the
an
te
nn
a
.
T
he
ef
f
ec
t
of
c
ha
ng
es
i
n
r
el
ati
v
e
hu
m
i
di
t
y
was
grea
ter
th
an
the
po
l
y
i
m
i
d
e
-
c
oa
te
d
pa
tc
h
an
t
en
na
de
v
i
s
ed
f
or
us
e
i
n
an
RF
I
D
tag
.
R
es
on
an
t
f
r
eq
ue
nc
i
es
of
an
ten
n
a
s
i
n
be
t
w
e
en
2
8
an
d
37
M
H
z
.
In
[3]
pres
en
ted
th
e
tr
i
a
ng
ul
ar
K
oc
h
f
r
ac
tal
on
y
a
gi
-
u
da
an
t
en
n
a.
T
he
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
of
the
an
te
nn
a
i
s
3G
H
z
.T
he
s
i
z
e
of
the
di
po
l
e
a
nte
n
na
ab
ou
t
the
m
ea
n
di
s
tan
c
e
of
0.5
λ
an
d
i
t
c
ou
l
d
be
ab
l
e
to
s
e
e
the
Di
r
ec
t
i
on
of
be
am
ge
tti
n
g
r
e
v
ers
ed
,
i
t
a
c
ts
l
i
k
e
a
ph
as
e
s
h
i
f
ter.
In
[
4
-
5]
ex
p
l
ai
ne
d
the
ho
r
n
an
t
en
n
a
h
as
a
dv
a
nta
g
es
to
ac
hi
ev
e
h
i
g
h
g
ai
n
an
d
l
o
w
V
S
W
R
i
n
the
m
m
w
av
e
ba
nd
.
T
o
op
erate
at
t
he
W
-
ba
nd
,
the
m
on
op
o
l
e
y
a
gi
-
u
da
an
t
en
na
w
a
v
e
gu
i
de
p
y
r
am
i
da
l
ho
r
n
a
nte
nn
as
are
de
s
i
g
ne
d
w
i
t
h
an
o
pt
i
m
u
m
s
i
z
e
20
x
2
0x
30
m
m
3
G
en
eti
c
a
l
go
r
i
thm
s
ba
s
ed
en
h
an
c
ed
K
S
tr
an
ge
p
oi
nts
c
l
us
ter
i
ng
al
go
r
i
thm
i
s
dx
pl
ai
n
ed
i
n [
7]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4
75
2
IJE
E
CS
V
ol
.
8
,
N
o.
3
,
Dec
em
be
r
2017
:
627
–
6
30
628
3.
Y
agi
-
Ud
a
A
n
t
enn
a
desi
g
n
T
he
m
os
t
l
um
i
no
us
an
te
nn
a
de
s
i
gn
i
s
y
a
gi
-
ud
a
an
t
en
na
.
It
i
s
e
as
y
t
o
c
on
s
tr
uc
t
an
d
i
t
ha
s
a
hi
gh
g
ai
n
,
great
er
tha
n
10
d
B
.
Nor
m
al
l
y
i
t
o
pe
r
at
es
i
n
the
HF
to
UHF
b
an
ds
(
ab
ou
t
3
MH
z
to
3
G
H
z
)
i
n
the
y
ag
i
-
ud
a
a
nte
n
na
s
,
an
d
al
s
o
s
m
al
l
ba
nd
w
i
dth
n
e
w
c
r
y
pt
og
r
ap
h
y
al
g
orit
hm
w
i
t
h
f
or
eff
ec
ti
v
e
da
ta
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
o
n
i
s
di
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n
[6]
.
T
he
de
s
i
g
n
of
y
ag
i
-
ud
a
an
te
n
na
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
f
i
gu
r
e
1.
T
he
r
ad
i
a
ti
o
n b
ou
n
da
r
y
of
y
ag
i
-
ud
a a
n
ten
na
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
f
i
g
ure
2.
F
i
gu
r
e
1 De
s
i
gn
of
Y
ag
i
-
Ud
a A
n
ten
na
F
i
gu
r
e
2 Ra
di
a
ti
o
n
B
ou
nd
ar
y
of
Y
a
gi
-
U
da
A
nt
en
n
a
4.
S
i
mu
latio
n
Re
sult
s
T
he
ul
tr
a
hi
gh
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
of
y
ag
i
-
ud
a
a
nte
n
na
r
es
ul
t
of
s
-
pa
r
am
ete
r
(
r
etu
r
n
l
os
s
)
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
f
i
gu
r
e
3.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
of
V
S
W
R
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
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Ref
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[1
]
He,
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.,
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P.,
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[2
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Gen
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IEEE
.
2
0
1
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.
[3
]
Cao
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X
.,
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, Z
.
,
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, Y
.,
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2
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.
[4
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.
[6
]
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on
.
IEEE.
2
0
1
5
,
Dec
e
m
b
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r
;
737
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741
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.