Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
3
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
1247
~
1256
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
2
.i
3
.pp
1247
-
1256
1247
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
LBtrans
-
Bot: A
L
atin
-
to
-
Balines
e Script T
ra
nslit
er
atio
n
Robotic
S
yste
m
b
ase
d
on
Noto Sa
ns Balin
ese F
ont
G.
In
dr
awan
1
,
N
.
N. H
. P
usp
ita
2
,
I K
. P
aramart
a
3
,
S
ariy
as
a
4
1
,2,4
Depa
rtment
o
f
Com
pute
r
Sci
e
nce
,
Univer
si
ta
s
Pendidi
kan
Gan
esha
,
Jl. Uday
ana
11
Sin
gar
a
j
a,
Bal
i, I
ndonesi
a 81
116
3
Depa
rtment of
Bal
ine
s
e
L
anguage
Edu
ca
t
ion, U
nive
rsit
as
Pendi
dika
n
Gan
esha
,
Bal
i
,
Indon
esia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
2
1,
2018
Re
vised Jul
10,
2018
Accepte
d
Aug
2
9
, 201
8
Thi
s
rese
arc
h
a
ims
to
pre
serve
Bal
ine
se
scrip
t
writi
ng
knowledge
using
te
chno
logi
c
al
ap
proa
ch.
Thi
s
ac
r
oss
-
disci
pli
nes
r
ese
arc
h
(Com
pu
te
r
Scie
n
ce
and
Balinese
L
angua
ge)
cont
r
i
bute
s
on
th
e
d
eve
lopment
of
a
Latin
-
to
-
Bal
ine
s
e
script
tra
nslit
erati
on
r
oboti
c
s
y
s
te
m
t
hat
was
c
al
l
ed
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
.
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
can
be
used
as
a
learni
ng
s
y
st
e
m
to
give
th
e
t
ran
slit
era
t
ion
knowledge
as
on
e
aspe
ct
of
B
al
i
nese
script
writ
i
ng.
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
was
known
as
the
f
irst
s
y
ste
m
tha
t
uti
li
z
e
Noto
Sans
Bal
ines
e
font
and
was
deve
lope
d
base
d
on
the
i
dent
ified
seve
n
t
ee
n
kinds
of
spec
i
al
words
.
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
consists
of
th
e
tra
nsl
it
er
at
or
web
applicatio
n,
th
e
t
ran
sce
i
ver
consol
e
appl
i
ca
t
ion,
an
d
the
roboti
c
arm
with
it
s
GU
I
c
ontrol
le
r
appl
icati
on
.
Through
the
exp
eri
m
ent
,
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
has
bee
n
ab
le
to
writ
e
the
34
-
pixe
l
fo
n
t
size
of
the
Noto
Sans
Bal
ine
se
fo
nt
from
HTML
5
ca
nv
as
that
ha
s
bee
n
setup
with
addi
t
iona
l
10
-
pixe
l
l
engt
h
of
the
width
an
d
the
hei
gh
t
of
the
Balines
e
scri
pt
writi
ng
a
rea
.
Its
tra
nsl
it
e
rat
or
gave
th
e
ac
cur
acy
result
up
to
91%
te
sting
ca
ses
o
f
The
B
al
in
ese
Al
phabe
t
writi
ng
r
ule
s
and
ex
amples
document
.
Thi
s
tra
nsli
te
r
ator
result
outpe
rf
orm
ed
the
best
r
esult
of
the
kno
wn
exi
sting
tra
nslit
erator
ba
sed
on
Bali
Si
m
bar
font,
i.e.
Tra
nsli
te
r
asi
Aks
ara
Bali
,
tha
t
on
l
y
has
a
c
cur
acy
up
to
68
%
ca
ses
of
the
s
ame
te
sting
doc
um
ent
.
In
th
e
future
work,
LB
tra
ns
-
Bot
coul
d
be
improved
b
y
:
1)
Acc
om
m
od
at
ing
m
ore
complex
Balines
e
script
with
tr
a
de
off
to
the
li
m
it
ed
wri
ti
ng
are
a
o
f
robotic
s
y
stem;
2)
Enhanci
ng
it
s
tra
nsli
t
era
tor
b
y
enr
i
ching
the
dat
aba
s
e
consists
of
words
bel
ong
t
o
the
sev
entee
n
kinds
of
spec
i
al
words
,
and
i
m
ple
m
ent
ing
sem
ant
ic
r
elati
o
n
tra
nsl
it
er
at
ion
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Ba
li
nese s
cri
pt
Lat
in scr
i
pt
No
t
o
Sa
ns B
al
inese
Roboti
c
Un
ic
od
e
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
G.
Ind
raw
a
n,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f C
om
pu
te
r
Scie
nce,
Un
i
ver
sit
as
Pe
nd
i
dik
a
n Gan
e
sh
a,
Jl. Uday
ana
11
Sin
gar
a
j
a,
Bal
i, I
ndonesi
a
81
116.
Em
a
il
:
gin
dr
a
wan@
undik
s
ha
.ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ther
e
is
a
c
oncern
a
bout
the
extinct
io
n
of
the
Ba
li
nese
scr
ipt
wr
it
in
g,
as
on
e
of
t
he
Ba
li
nese
cult
ur
al
rich
ness
[
1]
si
nce
ev
eryday
us
e
of
th
at
scri
pt
has
la
rg
el
y
been
re
placed
by
the
L
at
in
al
ph
a
bet.
As
Ste
rn
[2]
sai
d
that
sa
ving
the
la
ngua
ge
can
be
done
by
cultu
ral,
po
li
ti
cal
,
and
ec
onom
ic
appro
ac
h,
a
nothe
r
a
ppro
ac
h
was
ta
ke
n,
i.e.
te
chnolo
gical
appr
oach
by
this
across
-
disc
ipli
nes
resea
rc
h
(Com
pu
te
r
S
ci
ence
an
d
Ba
li
nese
Lan
gu
a
ge)
.
T
hi
s
researc
h
c
ontribu
te
s
on
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
a
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
script
tr
anslit
erati
on
robo
ti
c
syst
e
m
that was
cal
le
d
LBt
ra
ns
-
Bot.
More
detai
l,
first
co
ntributi
on
is
that
LBt
r
ans
-
B
ot
can
be
us
ed
a
s
a
le
arn
i
ng
syst
em
to
giv
e
t
he
translit
erati
on
knowle
d
ge
[
3]
-
[
7]
as
on
e
a
sp
ect
of
Ba
li
ne
se
script
w
riti
ng
.
Seco
nd
con
t
rib
ution
is
that
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
w
as
known
as
th
e
first
syst
e
m
t
hat
util
iz
e
No
to
Sans
Ba
li
nes
e
font
[8]
an
d
was
de
velo
pe
d
base
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1247
–
1256
1248
on
th
e
identifi
ed
seve
nteen
kinds
of
sp
eci
al
wo
r
ds
.
Dict
ionary
data
str
uctu
re
[
9]
was
us
ed
to
acc
om
od
at
e
tho
se
se
ve
ntee
n
ki
nds
of
s
pec
ia
l
wo
r
ds
,
as
the
ad
va
nce
e
xplo
rati
on
of
th
e
thirte
en
kind
s
of
sp
eci
al
w
ords
[
1]
.
That
data
str
uc
ture
w
as
pre
viously
us
e
d
by
the
aut
hor
s
for
fin
ge
rpri
nt
data
disc
rim
inator
on
bi
om
et
ri
c
searchi
ng
[
10]
,
[
11
]
.
T
hird
con
t
rib
ution
is
that
it
s
LBt
ra
ns
-
B
ot
tra
ns
li
te
rator
im
pr
ov
e
s
the
tra
ns
li
te
r
at
ion
accuracy
a
m
ong
ot
her
e
xisti
ng
m
et
ho
ds
that
us
ed
Ba
li
Sim
bar
font
[1
2]
.
Ar
im
baw
a
et
al
.
[13]
has
devel
op
e
d
it
s
translit
eratio
n
m
et
ho
d
on
it
s
ow
n
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
s
cri
pt
tran
sli
te
rati
on
r
obotic
s
yst
e
m
.
Sartini
et
al
.
[14]
has
de
vel
op
e
d
it
s
translit
erati
on
m
et
ho
d
on
a
te
xt
-
to
-
dig
it
al
-
im
ag
e
c
onve
rter
des
kt
op
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
wh
e
re
the
outp
ut
Ba
li
nese
sc
ript
wa
s
retrie
ved
f
rom
pr
e
-
colle
ct
ed
im
ages
that
wer
e
capt
ur
e
d
pr
e
viously
f
rom
Bali
Si
m
bar
f
on
t
disp
la
y
at
w
ord
pr
ocess
or.
Tw
o
ot
her
m
et
ho
ds
on
Android
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
[1]
,
each
was
cal
le
d
Be
la
j
a
r
Ak
sa
ra
Ba
li
(Lear
ning
Ba
l
inese
Sc
ript)
,
an
d
T
ra
nsl
it
erasi
A
ks
a
ra
Ba
l
i
(Bal
inese Sc
rip
t Transl
it
erati
on
)
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2
.
1.
Noto S
ans Bali
nese
Font
No
t
o
Sans
B
al
inese
font
[
8]
with
it
s
Un
ic
ode
[
15
]
accom
m
od
at
es
Ba
li
nese
Scrip
t
Co
m
plex
Be
hav
i
ours
[
16]
w
hich
c
ov
e
r:
1)
re
order
i
ng
an
d
s
plit
ti
ng;
2)
var
i
ou
s
pl
ace
m
ent
of
dia
crit
ic
s;
3)
co
nt
extual
sh
a
ping;
an
d
4)
com
plex
li
gat
ur
e
c
onstr
uctio
n.
Fi
gure
1
a
s
hows
Cha
racter
Ma
p
to
ol
that
was
us
ed
t
o
disp
la
y
No
t
o
Sa
ns
Ba
li
nese
f
ont.
By
s
el
ect
ing
certai
n
ch
aracte
r
,
it
s
relat
ed
Un
ic
ode
ca
n
be
seen
at
bo
tt
om
le
ft
par
t
of
Characte
r
Ma
p.
Figure
1
b
s
hows
t
he
U
nico
de
co
de
point
gro
up
al
locat
ion
at
U+
1B00
–
U+1
B
7F,
i.e.:
1)
1B00
–
1B
04
f
or
va
rio
us
si
gns;
2)
1B
05
–
1B
12
f
or
i
nd
e
pe
nd
e
nt
vowels
;
3)
1B13
–
1B
33
f
or
c
ons
onants;
4)
1B34
f
or
sig
n
rereka
n
;
5)
1B35
–
1B43
for
de
pende
nt
vowel
sign
s;
6)
1B
44
for
sign
ade
g
-
adeg
;
7)
1B45
–
1B
4B
f
or
a
ddit
ion
al
conso
na
nts
(
A
kś
ara
Sasa
k)
;
8)
1B
50
–
1B5
9
f
or
dig
it
s;
9)
1B
5A
–
1B6
0
f
or
punctuati
on;
10)
1B
61
–
1B6A
for
m
us
ic
al
sym
bo
ls
f
or
no
te
s;
11)
1B
6B
–
1B73
f
or
diacrit
ic
al
m
ar
ks
for
m
us
ic
al
sy
m
bo
ls;
an
d 1
2) 1
B
74
–
1B
7C for m
us
ic
al
sym
bo
ls
.
No
te:
A
t
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
th
is
st
u
d
y
,
No
to
San
s
Balinese
f
o
n
t
i
s
av
ailab
le
in
v
ersio
n
1
.03
with
1
2
1
co
d
e
p
o
i
n
ts
an
d
u
n
u
se
d
7
reser
v
ed
co
d
e
p
o
in
ts
(g
rey
a
reas
)
.
I
ts
g
ly
p
h
s
can
b
e
d
isp
lay
ed
o
n
Micr
o
so
f
t
W
o
rd
d
o
cu
m
en
t
b
y
in
serti
n
g
Sy
m
b
o
l,
an
d
selectin
g
th
is
f
o
n
t
f
rom
th
e
S
y
m
b
o
l
d
ialo
g
b
o
x
.
This
ap
p
lied
if
t
h
is
f
o
n
t
h
a
s
alrea
d
y
b
een
in
stal
led
at
th
e
W
in
d
o
ws
o
p
erating
syste
m
,
so
it
will
b
e listed
at
th
e f
o
n
t dro
p
-
d
o
wn
list of
Sy
m
b
o
l dialo
g
bo
x
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
1
.
Noto
Sans
Bal
ine
se
font: a) t
he
c
ha
racter m
ap; b
)
the
Un
ic
od
e
2
.
2
.
The
A
rc
hitecture
A
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
sc
ript
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
r
obotic
syst
em
based
on
No
t
o
Sa
ns
Ba
li
nese
f
ont,
LBt
ra
ns
-
Bot,
co
ns
ist
s
of
the
translit
er
at
or
we
b
ap
plica
ti
on
,
the
tra
ns
cei
ve
r
co
nso
le
app
li
cat
ion
,
and
the
r
obot
ic
ar
m
with
it
s
Gr
a
ph
i
cal
User
I
nter
f
ace
(GUI)
co
nt
ro
ll
er
a
pp
li
cat
ion,
as
sho
wn
by
Figure
2
.
T
he
tran
sli
te
rato
r
was
dev
el
op
e
d
ba
s
ed
on
the
ide
ntifie
d
sev
ent
een
kinds
of
sp
eci
al
words,
valid
Lat
in
vowels,
c
on
s
onants
,
nu
m
erics,
and
punctuati
ons
,
conve
rsion
of
L
at
in
fo
rei
gn
c
onsona
nts,
sp
eci
al
vo
wels,
a
nd
consecuti
ve
vowels
.
It
us
e
d
t
he
M
od
el
-
Vie
w
-
C
ontr
oller
arc
hitec
tural
patte
rn
.
The
M
odel
was
im
ple
m
ented
by
us
in
g
My
SQ
L
database
,
as
th
e
reposit
ory
for
the
w
ords
bel
ong
to
t
he
sev
enteen
kinds
of
sp
eci
al
w
ord
s
[1]
.
Dict
iona
ry
data
structu
re
was
us
e
d
in
the
tra
ns
li
te
rator
m
e
m
or
y
as
a
plac
e
to
ho
l
d
data
(words
)
from
t
he
Mo
del.
Dic
ti
on
ary
has
ti
me
comp
le
xi
ty
O
(
1
)
re
ga
rd
le
ss
of
the
nu
m
ber
of
the
wo
r
ds
sa
ve
in
side
this
kind
of
data
str
uctu
re
[9]
.
The
Vie
w
wa
s
i
m
ple
m
ented
b
y
us
in
g
HT
ML,
PH
P
,
CS
S,
an
d
Bo
otstr
ap,
m
os
tl
y
fo
r
the
User
In
te
rf
ace
respo
ns
ive
des
ign
.
The
C
ontrolle
r
was
im
plem
ented
by
us
in
g
Ja
vaSc
ript,
m
os
tl
y
fo
r
t
he
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
LBtra
ns
-
Bot:
A
La
ti
n
-
to
-
B
alin
ese Scri
pt Tra
nsl
it
eration
R
ob
otic Syste
m
based o
n
Not
o
…
(
G.
In
dr
aw
an
)
1249
al
gorithm
and
as
the
co
ntr
ol
le
r
betwee
n
the
Mo
del
an
d
the
View
.
T
he
transcei
ver
us
e
d
batc
h
scr
ipt
an
d
Au
t
oI
t
scri
pt
[
17
]
to
se
nd
dat
a
from
th
e
tran
sli
te
rator
to
the
GUI
co
ntr
oller,
w
hich
c
ontr
ol
the
Ba
li
nese
script
wr
it
in
g
of
the
rob
otic
arm
vi
a
US
B
ca
ble
or
Bl
ueto
oth.
T
he
data
is
act
ua
ll
y
bit
m
ap
(BMP)
file
co
ns
i
sts
of
Ba
li
nese
script
i
m
age
that
ha
s
al
read
y
been
thinn
e
d
f
or
the
te
chn
ic
al
con
s
id
erati
on
on
w
riti
ng
by
the
r
obotic
arm
.
Figu
re
3
sh
ows
ei
ght
di
ff
e
ren
t
patte
r
ns
fo
r
t
he
thin
nin
g
process
a
nd
it
s
resu
lt
on
Ba
li
nese
script
im
age
.
The ro
boti
c ar
m
w
it
h
it
s G
UI co
ntr
oller use
d op
e
n
-
sou
rce
m
Dr
awBot Ar
du
i
no Ro
bot B
uildin
g plat
for
m
[18]
.
Figure
2
.
LBt
r
ans
-
B
ot ar
c
hite
ct
ur
e
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
3
.
T
hi
nnin
g
m
echan
is
m
:
a) eigh
t
pro
cessed
dif
fer
e
nt
patte
rn
s
w
it
h
or
i
gin
al
patte
rn (upper
)
a
nd it
s
relat
ed
thi
nn
e
d patt
er
n
(l
ow
e
r
); b) a
n or
i
gin
a
l im
age ex
am
ple; c) a thi
nn
e
d im
age ex
am
ple
2
.
3
.
The
A
l
gori
th
m
Figure
4
sho
w
s
the
al
gorithm
ps
e
udoc
od
e
of
a
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
scri
pt
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
rob
otic
syst
e
m
base
d
on
N
ot
o
Sans
Ba
li
nese
font,
LBt
ra
ns
-
Bot,
w
hich
act
ually
handles
it
s
translit
erator
web
a
ppli
c
at
ion
a
nd
it
s tran
scei
ve
r c
onso
le
a
ppli
cat
ion
,
a
s s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
2
.
--
LBtrans
-
Bot
tra
ns
li
ter
ato
r
p
seud
ocode
--
1.
Loa
d
the
w
ords
of
the seve
n
te
en
kinds of
sp
e
ci
a
l w
ords from the
r
eposit
or
y
int
o
th
e
m
emor
y
(see
F
igure
2
).
if
(
a
database
exists)
dic
ti
onary
f
rom
My
SQL
database
el
se
d
ic
t
ionary f
rom
PHP
file
2.
Lowe
rca
se
the
Latin str
ing i
np
ut
.
3.
Filt
er
thi
s
lo
w
ercased stri
ng
b
y
using Re
gul
ar E
xpre
ss
ion
(RegExp) t
o
v
al
id
ate
u
sed
cha
r
acte
rs.
val
idV
ow
el
s =
“aiueoāáǎàâäæì
ǐ
ī
íï
îǔūúùûüěēé
èêë
œõòǒóōö”
val
idConsonants
= “bcdf
ghj
kl
mn
pqrs
tv
wxy
zßçôņţ
şś
”
4.
Look
up
the e
xis
te
nc
e
o
f
this
valid
ate
d stri
ng
at t
he
di
ct
ionary
(se
e
Fi
gure
2
).
if
(
the
v
alidated s
tri
ng
e
xi
sts)
the
looke
d
-
up
str
ing
=
th
e
spe
cial
string
el
se
if
(
the valid
at
ed
string
has t
he
long
est common string
wi
th
th
e
spec
ia
l
string
)
the
looke
d
-
up
str
ing
= pre
fi
x
of t
he
va
li
da
te
d
stri
ng
+
th
e
spe
ci
a
l La
ti
n
string
+ su
ff
ix
of the
valida
t
ed
string
el
se
the l
ooked
-
up
string
=
the
r
egul
ar
string
5.
Convert
each
of
th
e exi
sting
fore
i
gn
consona
nt(s)
of
the
looked
-
u
p stri
ng
to the
a
ppropria
t
e
v
al
id
consona
nt.
whil
e
(
“f”
, “
v”
,
“
q”
, “
x”
,
or
“
z”
ex
ists)
conve
rt
to
“
p”
, “
p”
, “
k”
, “
ks”
,
or
(“
j”
or
“s”
)
6.
Convert
each
of
the
exi
sting
num
ber
(s) of
the
con
ver
ted
-
for
ei
gn
-
conson
ant
(s) str
ing
to
the
appr
o
pria
t
e
Noto
Sans Ba
li
n
ese
U
nic
ode
(for the
n
ext
r
efe
r
ence, i
t
would
be
wr
it
t
en
as
Unicod
e)
str
i
ng
“
Ƶ*;
” where
th
e
aste
rix
sign (
“
*”
)
rep
r
ese
nts on
e
of
the num
ber
b
e
twee
n
0
to
9
inc
l
usively
(se
e
Fig
ure
1
b
).
7.
Convert
each
of
the
exi
sting
spec
ia
l
vowel(
s) of
t
he
conver
t
ed
-
nu
mber
(s) stri
ng
to to
th
e approp
ria
t
e
Unicode
str
ing
(
see
Figure
1
b
).
whil
e
(
“
\
n
”
, “
\
m”
, “
\
a”
, “
\
aa”
, “
\
i”
, “
\
i
i”
, “
\
u”
,
“
\
ai”
, “
\
o”
,
“
\
au”
,
or
“
\
e”
e
xi
sts)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1247
–
1256
1250
conve
rt
to
the str
ing
“
ᬀ
”
(
ardhacandra
“n”
),
“
ᬁ”
(
candrabindu
“m“
),
“
ᬅ
”
(
akara
“a“
),
“
&
#x1B06;”
(
a
kara
te
dung
“ā“
),
“
ᬇ
”
(
ik
a
ra
“i“
),
“
ᬈ
”
(
ik
ara
te
du
ng
“
ī
“
),
“
ᬉ
”
(
u
kara
“u“
),
“
ᬐ
”
(
aikar
a
“ai“
),
“
ᬑ
”
(
o
kara
“o“
),
“
ᬒ”
(
okara
te
dung
“au“
),
or
“

B0F
;”
(
e
kara
“e
“
)
8.
Convert
each
of
the
exi
sting
con
s
ec
ut
ive
vow
el
(s)
of
the
converte
d
-
sp
ec
ial
-
vo
w
el(s
)
string
to
the
appr
opriate
cons
ec
ut
ive
vow
el
(s)
.
whil
e
(
“
ia
“
,
“
iu
“
,
“
ii
“
,
“
ua
“
,
“
uu
“
,
“
ui
“
,
or
“
ue
“
e
xi
sts)
conve
rt
to
“
ya
“
,
“
iyu
“
,
“
iyi
“
,
“
uw
a
“
,
“
uwu
“
,
“
uwi
“
,
or
“
uwe
“
9.
Remove
each
of
the
exi
sting
spac
e(s)
of
the
conv
er
ted
-
consec
uti
ve
-
vo
w
el
s stri
n
g
.
10.
A
dd
“
h
”
at t
h
e
b
egi
nning
of
the
re
move
d
-
sp
ace
s
string
th
at i
ni
ti
a
li
z
ed
b
y
the
vo
we
l
to
b
ec
om
e
“
h
*
”.
The
aste
rix
sign (
“
*”
)
rep
r
ese
nts on
e
of
the vowel
s,
i
.
e.
“
a“,“i“
,
“
u“
,
“
e“,“o“
,
or
“
æ
“.
whil
e
(
*
ex
ists a
s the
ini
t
ial
vowel)
conve
rt
to
“h*“
11.
Convert
each
of
the
exi
sting
cons
onant
(s) of
the
c
onvert
ed
-
initi
al
-
vo
w
el stri
ng
to the
appr
opri
at
e
Unicode
string
of that c
on
sonant
and
adeg
-
adeg
(“
*
*;”
+
“
᭄
;”
). Th
e
doubl
e a
steri
x
sign
(“
**”
)
rep
rese
nts
appr
o
pria
t
e
l
ast
two
di
git
s of
Uni
code
of
the related co
nsonant
(see
Fig
ure
1
b
).
whil
e
(
“ng“
,
“n
y“
,
“ß“
,
“ç“
,
“nn“
,
“dh“
,
“ph“
,
“th“
,
“tt“
,
“gh“
,
“kh“
,
“ch“
,
“b
h“
,
“h“
,
“n“
,
“c
“
,
“r“
,
“k“
,
“d“
,
“t“
,
“
s“
,
“w
“
,
“l“
,
“m“
,
“g“
,
“b“
,
“p“
,
“j“
,
or
“y“
e
xi
sts)
conve
rt
to
the str
ing
“
**;
”
+
“
᭄”
12.
Convert
each
of
the
exi
sting
Uni
code
str
ing
of
ad
eg
-
adeg
and the
foll
owing
vowe
l
(“
᭄
*”)
of
the
conver
ted
-
cons
onan
t
-
adeg
-
ade
g
string
to
th
e a
ppropria
t
e
Uni
co
de
string
of
sign
of
that
fo
ll
owing
vowel
(s
ee
Figure
1
b
). Th
e aste
rix
sign (
“
*”
)
rep
r
ese
nts on
e
of
the fol
lo
wing
vowels,
i
.
e
.
“
ā
“
,
“
i
“
,
“
ī
“
,
“
u
“
,
“
ū
“
,
“
e
“
,
“
ai
“
,
“
o
“
,
“
au
“
,
“
æ
“
,
“
œ
“
,
or
“
a
“
.
whil
e
(
“
ƴ
4;*”
ex
ists)
conve
rt
to
“
ᬵ
”
(
te
dung
)
,
“
ᬶ
” (
ul
u
),
“
ᬷ”
(
ulu
sar
i
), “
ᬸ
”
(
suku
)
,
“
ᬹ
”
(
su
ku
i
lut
), “

3E;
”
(
taling
), “
&
#x1B3F
;”
(
ta
li
n
g
repa
), “
ᭀ
”
(
tal
ing
t
edu
ng
),
“
ᭁ
”
(
ta
l
ing
repa
te
dung
)
,
“
ᭂ
”
(
p
epe
t
)
,
“
ƴ
3;”
(
p
epe
t
t
edun
g
),
or
“
”
13.
Convert
each
of
the
r
emaini
ng
vo
wel(
s) of
the
co
nvert
ed
-
adeg
-
a
deg
-
vo
w
el stri
n
g
to the
appr
opri
at
e
Unicod
e
string
of
“
h
”
and
that
r
emaini
ng
v
owel
(“
Ƴ
3;*”
). Th
e aste
ri
x
sign (
“
*”)
r
epr
ese
nts on
e
of the
remai
ning
vowel,
i.e. “a“
,
“
e“,
“
æ“
,
or
“
o“
.
whil
e
(
*
ex
ists)
conve
rt
to
“
&#
x
1B33;$”
where
th
e
do
ll
ar
sign (
“
$”)
rep
r
es
ent
s th
e appropriate Unic
od
e
stri
ng
of
th
at re
m
aining
vowel
,
i.e.
“
”,
“
ᬾ
;”
(
ta
li
ng
), “
ᭂ
”
(
p
epe
t
), or
“
&
#x1B40;”
(
tal
ing
te
dung
).
14.
Convert
each
of
the
exi
sting
Uni
code
str
ing
of
ill
ega
l
combina
ti
o
n
of
“
ra” + “æ”,
“
ra
”
+
“
œ”,
“
la” +
“
æ”, or
“
la
” +
“
œ”
(both
of
th
ei
r
reg
ul
ar and
app
ende
d
fo
rm
)
of
the
conve
rte
d
-
re
ma
ining
-
vo
w
el stri
ng
to the
appr
opriate
Unic
ode
string
of
ra
repa
(“
ræ”
or
“
rœ”)
or
la
l
enga
(
“
læ”
or
“
lœ”)
,
r
e
spec
ti
v
ely
(se
e
F
igure
1
b
).
whil
e
(
*
ex
ists)
conve
rt
to
$
where
th
e aste
r
i
x
sign (
“
*”)
r
epr
ese
nts t
h
e
Uni
co
de
string
of ill
eg
al
combinat
ion
,
i
.
e. “ᬭ
ᭂ
”
(“
ra”
+
“
æ”), “ᬭᭃ
”
(“
ra
” +
“
œ”
),
“
ᬮ
;
&
#x1B42;”
(“
la” +
“
æ”),
“
ᬮ
;&
#x
1B43;”
(“
la” +
“
œ”),
“
᭄ᬋ”
(
ad
eg
-
adeg
+
“
ræ”)
,
“
᭄
&#x
1B0C;”
(
adeg
-
adeg
+
“
r
œ”),
“
᭄ᬍ
;”
(
ad
eg
-
adeg
+
“
læ”),
or
“
᭄
&
#x1B0E;
”
(
adeg
-
adeg
+
“
lœ”)
,
and
th
e
d
oll
ar
si
gn
(“
$”)
r
epr
ese
nts
the a
p
propria
t
e
Uni
cod
e
string
of
ra r
ep
a
or
la
l
enga
,
i.e.
“
ᬋ
”
(“
ræ”)
,
“
ᬌ
”
(“
rœ”), “ᬍ
;”
(“
læ”
)
,
“
ᬎ
;” (“lœ”),
“
ᬺ
”
(“
ræ”
sign),
“
Ƴ
B;”
(“
rœ”
sign)
,
“
ᬼ
”
(“
l
æ”
sign),
or
“
&#
x1B3D”
(“
lœ”
si
gn).
15.
Co
nver
t each
of
the
exi
sting
Uni
code
str
ing
of
co
nsonants
and
ad
eg
-
adeg
(“
*&#x
1B44;”
)
of
the
c
onvert
ed
-
il
le
ga
l
-
com
bin
a
tion
string
to
th
e
appr
opr
iate
Un
ic
ode
string
of
s
ound
kil
l
er
$
(se
e
Figure
1
b
).
whil
e
(
“
*
44;”
)
conve
rt
to
$
where
th
e aste
r
i
x
sign (
“
*”)
r
epr
ese
nts t
h
e
Uni
co
de
string
of consonants,
i.e. “ᬂ”
(“
ng“
),
“
ᬃ
”
(“
r“
),
or
“
&
#x1B04;”
(“
h“
),
whi
le
the dol
l
ar
sign
(“
$”)
rep
r
ese
nts
the a
ppropr
ia
t
e Unicode
str
ing
o
f
sound
kil
le
r
,
i.e. “ᬂ”
(
cece
k
)
,
“
ᬃ
”
(
sur
ang
),
or
“
ᬄ
”
(
b
isah
).
16.
Convert
pun
ct
ua
ti
ons of
the
con
ver
ted
-
sou
nd
-
ki
ll
e
rs
string
to
th
e
appr
opr
iate
Un
ic
od
es
str
ing, i
.
e.
“
᭚”
(
se
ct
ion
)
,
“
Ƶ
B;”
(
honori
fi
c
se
ct
ion
)
,
“
Ƶ
D;”
(
co
lon
), “
&#
x1B5E;
”
(
comma
),
or
“
᭟”
(
period
).
17.
Rende
r
the
conv
er
ted
-
pu
nctuations
string
to
th
e
web application
display
and
gen
era
t
e
bi
tmap
ima
ge
of tha
t
string
for
LBt
r
an
s
-
Bot
tra
nsc
ei
v
er
.
--
LBtrans
-
Bot
tra
ns
ce
iver
ps
e
ud
ocode
--
18.
Send
the bi
tmap
image
to
th
e
rob
oti
c
arm b
y
usin
g
batch
scr
ipt
th
at
ca
l
l
AutoI
t
scr
ipt
(
Figur
e
5
)
to run
conse
cutive clic
k
comm
and
on
GU
I
cont
roller a
ppli
c
at
ion
.
Thi
s
GU
I
cont
roller c
om
m
unic
at
e
to
t
he
robot
ic
arm vi
a
US
B
cable
or
Blu
et
ooth
(
Figure
2
). Th
e whole
oper
at
i
on
il
lustration
ca
n
b
e
see
n
a
t
th
e
n
ex
t
Figure
7
.
Figure
4
.
LBt
r
ans
-
B
ot
al
gorit
hm
p
seu
do
c
od
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
LBtra
ns
-
Bot:
A
La
ti
n
-
to
-
B
alin
ese Scri
pt Tra
nsl
it
eration
R
ob
otic Syste
m
based o
n
Not
o
…
(
G.
In
dr
aw
an
)
1251
Figure
5
.
LBt
r
ans
-
B
ot tra
ns
c
ei
ver
c
onso
le
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
c
od
e
: batch
script
(
l
eft); A
utoIt sc
r
ipt (r
i
gh
t
)
2
.
4
.
The
Test
ing
A
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
sc
ript
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
r
obotic
syst
em
based
on
No
t
o
Sa
ns
Ba
li
nese
f
ont,
LBt
ra
ns
-
Bot,
was
te
ste
d
as
the
inte
grat
ed
syst
e
m
c
on
sist
s
of
t
he
translit
erato
r
web
a
ppli
cat
ion
(
Ta
ble
1
s
hows
it
s
te
sti
ng
sc
hem
a
),
t
he
tra
ns
cei
ver
co
nsole
a
ppli
cat
ion
,
an
d
the
r
obotic
a
r
m
with
it
s
Gr
a
ph
ic
al
User
I
nt
erf
ace
(GUI)
co
ntr
oller
app
li
cat
io
n
as
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
2
.
T
he
wr
it
in
g
on
the
ro
boti
c
arm
was
te
ste
d
on
si
m
ple
Ba
li
nese
script
becau
se
of
th
e
lim
it
ed
wr
it
ing
a
rea
bel
ong
to
the
r
obot
ic
syst
e
m
.
Thi
s
su
ccesf
ul
pr
ocess
ref
le
ct
s the
suc
cesfu
l
of the
in
te
gr
at
ed
syst
em
m
echan
ism
above.
Table
1
.
T
est
in
g
cases:
a
)
it
s c
at
egory;
b
)
pr
ovide
d
se
ntence
and its t
ra
ns
li
te
rati
on
No
te:
*
refer to tab
le nu
m
b
er
at
Su
d
ewa
[
1
9
]
LBtrans
-
Bo
t,
w
as
tested
as
th
e
in
teg
rated
syste
m
c
o
n
s
ists
o
f
th
e
trans
literator
web
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
e
trans
ceiv
er
co
n
so
le
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
the rob
o
tic ar
m
with
its G
raph
ical User
I
n
terface
(
GUI) co
n
troller
ap
p
licatio
n
(
Fig
u
re
2
)
.
All
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
were
run
o
n
o
n
Intel(R)
Co
re(
T
M)
i5
-
6
2
0
0
U
CPU
@
2
.30
GH
z
p
latf
o
r
m
with
8
GB
RAM
an
d
W
in
d
o
ws
7
64
-
b
it Operatin
g
Sy
ste
m
.
The
writing
o
n
th
e
rob
o
tic
ar
m
was
tested
o
n
si
m
p
le
Balin
ese
scrip
t
b
ecaus
e
o
f
th
e
li
m
i
ted
writing
area
b
elo
n
g
t
o
th
e
ro
b
o
tic
syste
m
.
This
su
ccesf
u
l
p
rocess
reflects
th
e
su
ccesf
u
l
o
f
th
e
in
te
g
rated
syste
m
m
e
ch
an
is
m
ab
o
v
e.
At
th
e
co
re
o
f
LBtrans
-
Bo
t,
its
t
r
an
sliterato
r
a
ccurac
y
was
tested
b
y
u
sin
g
The
Balin
es
e
Alp
h
ab
et
writing
rules
an
d
ex
am
p
les
d
o
cu
m
en
t
b
y
Su
d
ewa
[
1
9
]
,
a
s
a
p
roject
scrip
t
c
o
m
m
itte
e
r
elated
t
o
th
e
p
rop
o
sal
b
y
Eversen
an
d
Su
atjan
a
[
2
0
]
f
o
r
en
c
o
d
in
g
th
e
Balin
ese
scrip
t
in
ISO
[
2
1
]
.
Au
th
o
rs’
b
o
o
k
[22
]
was
also
u
s
ed
as
a
referen
ce
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
o
se
cases
referred
to
S
i
m
p
en
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
No
t
all
o
f
th
e
rule
s
can
b
e
tested
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
with
o
u
t
ex
a
m
p
le
(like
th
e
ap
p
en
d
ed
f
o
r
m
o
f
eig
h
teen
b
asic
syllables
at
case
1
–
1
8
)
sin
ce
p
rov
id
ed
ex
a
m
p
l
es
are
li
m
ited
(case
1
9
–
2
5
).
(a)
(b)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1247
–
1256
1252
At
the
cor
e
of
LBt
ran
s
-
B
ot,
it
s
translit
erator
accuracy
wa
s
te
ste
d
by
us
ing
T
he
Ba
li
nese
Alph
a
be
t
wr
it
in
g
ru
le
s
a
nd
e
xam
ples
docum
ent
by
S
ud
e
wa
[
19
]
(
T
able
1
a).
Au
t
hors
’
book
[
22
]
was
al
so
use
d
as
a
ref
e
ren
ce
.
So
m
e
of
th
os
e
case
s
ref
e
rr
e
d
to
Si
m
pen
[23]
,
[24
]
.
No
t
al
l
of
th
e
ru
le
s
ca
n
be
t
est
ed
ind
e
pe
nd
ently
without
e
xam
ple
(like
t
he
a
ppen
de
d
form
of
ei
ghte
en
basic
syl
la
bles
at
c
ase
1
–
18)
si
nc
e
pro
vid
e
d
e
xa
m
ples
are
lim
it
ed
(case
19
–
25).
Ta
ble
1
b
sho
ws
pro
vid
e
d
sente
nce
an
d
it
s
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
for
the
te
sti
ng
ca
se
16
t
h
(word
boun
dari
es an
d
li
ne b
re
ak rules
)
at
Ta
ble
1
a.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
A
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
script
translit
erati
on
rob
otic
syst
e
m
based
on
No
t
o
Sans
B
al
inese
font,
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot,
has
accom
m
od
at
ed
the
seve
nt
een
kinds
of
sp
eci
al
wor
ds
,
as
the
adv
a
nc
e
exp
l
or
at
io
n
of
the
thirte
en
kinds
of
sp
eci
al
wor
ds
[1]
.
They
w
ere
handled
by
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
t
ran
sli
te
rato
r
w
eb
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
wh
e
re
the
re
posit
or
y
of
t
ho
se
w
ord
s
was
im
ple
m
e
nted
i
n
the
M
odel
(see
Fig
ur
e
2
)
.
T
his
s
eve
nt
een
ki
nd
s
of
s
pecial
words
wer
e
id
entifi
ed
as
pa
rt
of
151
te
sti
ng
cases
(w
e
re
use
d
for
accu
rac
y
analy
sis
of
t
he
translit
erato
r
)
f
ro
m
The
Ba
li
nese
Alphabet
wr
it
i
ng
r
ules
a
nd
e
xam
p
le
s
do
c
um
ent
by
S
ud
e
wa
[
19]
(
see
T
able
1
).
O
the
r
than
t
he
thirte
en
kinds
of
sp
eci
al
wor
ds
from
the
previo
us
researc
h
[
1]
,
a
ddit
iona
l
four
ki
nds
of
sp
eci
al
wor
ds
th
at
wer
e
ide
ntifie
d
on
this
resear
ch,
i.e.:
1)
T
he
w
ords
a
nd
the
ir
var
ia
nts
(com
e
up
due
to
possibil
it
y
of
di
ff
e
rent
wr
it
in
g
of
Ba
li
nese
Let
te
r
Ca
Laca
“c
ha”
us
i
ng
U+
1B
19,
se
e
Fig
ur
e
1
b
)
t
ha
t
ref
e
r
t
o
one
m
eaning
an
d
s
hould
be
translit
erate
d
the
sam
e.
Fo
r
an
exam
ple:
“
Chela
gi”
–
“
Ce
la
gi”
(Tam
a
rin
d
fruit
);
2)
The
exce
ptio
n
words
from
the
ru
le
about
sou
nd
kill
ers
(
pangan
gge
te
ng
e
nan
)
ce
cek
(“ng”
us
in
g
U+
1B02,
see
Figure
1
b
)
or
bisah
(“h
”
usi
ng
U+
1B04,
see
Fig
ur
e
1
b
)
that
on
ly
app
ea
rs
at
the
e
nd
of
a
w
ord
unle
ss
it
ha
s
the
sam
e
sy
ll
ables,
e.g
.
“
Ce
ngcen
g”
(m
us
ic
al
instru
m
ent).
F
or
an
exam
ple:
“Ang
klung
”
(
m
us
ic
al
instrum
ent);
3)
T
he
words
consi
st
of
gant
ungan
or
ge
m
pe
lan
when
a
non
sem
i
-
vo
wel
act
s
li
ke
a
se
m
i
vo
wel
(the
Ba
li
nese
te
rm
i
s
plu
t
a
that
happens
ve
ry
rar
el
y).
F
or
an
exam
ple:
“
Sm
erti
”
(b
oo
ks
of
Ve
dh
a
);
and
4)
T
he
w
ords
co
ns
ist
of
three
consecuti
ve
c
onsona
nts (
t
he
te
rm
Ba
li
nese is
tumpuk
te
l
u
) wh
e
re th
e
re is
gantun
gan
below
gant
ungan
in their
Ba
li
nese
script.
No
t
o
Sans
B
al
inese
font
do
es
no
t
suppo
rt
that
fo
rm
,
so
so
un
d
kill
ers
(
pang
angge
te
ngenan
)
ad
e
g
-
ade
g
(
us
i
ng
U+
1B44,
s
ee
Figure
1
b
)
can
be
us
e
d
e
ven
it
is
not
s
o
nice
t
o
ha
ve
it
i
n
the
m
iddl
e
of
a
word. F
or a
n
e
xam
ple: “
Ta
m
blan
g” (a
vill
age’
s
n
am
e).
Figure
6
s
hows
a
n
ex
am
pl
e
of
t
he
sec
ond
sp
eci
al
word
s
t
hat
wa
s
loade
d
from
LBt
ra
ns
-
B
ot’
s
reposit
ory
/data
base
as
sho
w
n
in
Fig
ur
e
2
to
the
dicti
onary
data
struc
ture.
All
of
t
he
var
io
us
w
ords
of
this
exam
ple
wer
e
tra
ns
li
te
rated
to
the
sam
e
Ba
l
inese
script
by
lookin
g
up
to
the
core
wo
r
d
at
the
dicti
on
ary
data
structu
re.
The
look
up
proces
s
has
ti
m
e
complexi
ty
O
(
1
)
ig
nori
ng
of
the
nu
m
ber
of
w
ords
at
that
d
at
a
structu
re
[9]
.
Figure
6
.
A
n
e
xam
ple o
f
t
he
s
econd
kind
of s
pecial
words: a
)
at
the
dicti
on
ar
y
data str
uct
ur
e
;
b) it
s
translit
erati
on re
su
lt
Figure
7
an
d
Figure
8
,
eac
h
sh
ows
an
exa
m
ple
of
LBt
ran
s
-
B
ot
process
sequ
e
nce
an
d
it
s
dr
awin
g.
Figure
7
i
nvol
ves
se
ve
ral nu
m
ber
ed
wi
ndows
(see
Fi
gure
2
)
, i.e.:
1.
W
i
ndows
1
i
s
the
LBt
ra
ns
-
Bot
tra
ns
li
te
r
at
or
we
b
a
ppli
cat
ion
that
gen
e
rates
bitm
ap
(BMP)
f
il
e
(see
W
i
ndows
4)
of
a
n
exam
ple
of
Ba
li
nese
script
(as
th
e
r
esult
of
the
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
pro
cess)
a
nd
put
i
t
at
certai
n
f
old
e
r
(see
W
i
ndow
s 3)
. T
he
bitm
a
p
file
wat setu
p wit
h 34
-
pix
el
siz
e o
f
the
No
t
o
Sa
ns
Bal
ines
e
font
from
HTML
5
can
vas
with
ad
diti
on
al
10
-
pi
xel
le
ng
t
h
of
the
width
and
t
he
hei
ght
of
the
Ba
li
ne
se
script
wr
it
in
g
a
rea.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
LBtra
ns
-
Bot:
A
La
ti
n
-
to
-
B
alin
ese Scri
pt Tra
nsl
it
eration
R
ob
otic Syste
m
based o
n
Not
o
…
(
G.
In
dr
aw
an
)
1253
2.
W
i
ndows
2
is
the
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
transceive
r
console
ap
plica
ti
on
that
dete
ct
s
the
gen
erat
ed
bitm
ap
file
at
the certai
n f
olde
r
a
nd ex
ec
ute
s consec
utive c
li
ck
com
m
and
on GUI
contr
ol
le
r
ap
plica
ti
on
.
3.
W
i
ndows
5
is
the
LBt
ra
ns
-
B
ot
G
raphical
User
I
nterf
ace
(GUI)
c
ontrol
le
r
ap
plica
ti
on
com
m
un
ic
at
es
to
the
r
obotic
a
r
m
via
US
B
ca
ble
or
Bl
ueto
oth
a
nd
inst
ru
ct
s
it
to
wr
it
e
the
Scal
able
Vecto
r
Gr
a
ph
ic
s
(
SVG)
file
(
see
Win
dows
6)
from
the b
it
m
ap
file
co
nve
rsion
.
Figure
7
.
LB
tr
ans
-
B
ot
proces
s seque
nce
Figure
8
.
LBt
r
ans
-
B
ot
dr
a
wing
Table
2
sho
w
s
the
te
sti
ng
resu
lt
of
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
tra
nsl
it
erator
,
as
the
co
re
of
L
Bt
ran
s
-
B
ot,
wh
e
re
c
olu
m
n
Case
represe
nts
w
riti
ng
r
ule
or
exam
ple,
as
desc
ribe
d
by
Table
1
a
,
an
d
colum
n
Res
ult
sh
ow
s
translit
erati
on
resu
lt
w
hethe
r
correct
or
inc
orrect
(eac
h
wa
s
rep
re
sente
d
by
check
an
d
cr
os
s
m
ark
).
Ba
sed
on
Table
2
,
LBt
r
ans
-
B
ot
transli
te
rator
acc
ur
ac
y
has
passe
d
ov
e
r
91%
(
13
8
of
151)
cas
es
and
ou
t
perf
or
m
ed
Transl
it
erasi
Ak
sara
Ba
li
(TAB
)
.
Pr
e
viously
,
TAB
has
the
best
accuracy
r
esult
up
to
68
%
(103
o
f
15
1)
cases
of
t
he
sam
e
t
est
ing
do
c
um
e
nt
am
on
gs
t
th
e
existi
ng
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
script
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
m
et
hod
[
1]
.
Figure
9
s
how
s
LBt
rans
-
B
ot
translit
erato
r
r
esult
on
t
he
te
sti
ng
case
1st
–
6th
a
nd
6th
–
16
t
h
of
Tabl
e
1
a,
wh
e
re
te
sti
ng
case
nu
m
ber
s
wer
e
disp
la
ye
d.
The
ne
xt
ana
ly
sis
was
relat
ed
to
the
fail
e
d
te
sti
ng
cases
(
Table
1
a
)
, why t
hey
wer
e
h
a
ppene
d, an
d h
ow the
possibil
it
y t
o
s
olv
e them
.
The
first
kind
of
fail
ed
te
sti
ng
case
relat
ed
to
the
i
nd
e
pe
ndent
vowel.
T
en
in
de
pende
nt
vowels
a
re
pa
rt
of
t
he
vowels
(
akś
ara
s
ua
r
a
)
,
wer
e
use
d
at
the
i
niti
al
po
sit
io
n
of
the
w
ord
(case
35
–
51
on
Ta
ble
2
,
or
cas
e
2.3
5
–
2.51).
Prov
i
de
d
ex
am
ples
(case
2.4
5
–
2.5
1)
wer
e
tran
s
li
te
rated
corre
ct
ly
.
As
desc
ribe
d
pr
e
viously
,
not
al
l
of
the
w
or
ds
with
a
vow
el
at
the
init
ia
l
po
sit
io
n
use
a
n
in
dep
e
ndent
vowel.
Eac
h
of
al
l
of
the
ind
e
pe
nd
e
nt
vowels
that
was
wr
it
te
n
ind
e
pe
nde
ntly
(case
2.35
–
2.44)
we
re
tran
sli
te
rated
inco
rr
ect
ly
as
sho
wn
i
n
Fi
gure
9
a
to
the
ref
e
re
nce
Ta
bl
e
3
a
by
Sude
wa
[
19]
.
Ta
ble
3
b
s
hows
t
he
N
oto
S
ans
Ba
li
nese
Un
ic
od
e
for
in
dep
e
ndently
w
ritt
en
vowels
translit
erati
on.
At
this
tim
e,
f
or
the
s
a
ke
of
al
go
ritm
a
integ
rity
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1247
–
1256
1254
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
translit
erato
r
prefe
red
to
tra
ns
la
te
ind
e
pe
nd
e
ntly
wr
it
te
n
vowels
by
us
ing
Un
ic
ode
of
Con
s
onants
and
Dep
e
ndent
vowel
sig
ns
(
Ta
ble
3
b).
Fu
t
ur
e
work m
ay
ad
dress t
his issu
e
.
The
seco
nd
ki
nd
of
fail
e
d
te
sti
ng
case
rel
at
ed
to
the
ab
br
e
viati
on.
Th
ree
dif
fer
e
nt
schem
e
fo
r
Ba
li
nese
abbre
viati
on
s
[19]
,
i.e.:
1)
T
he
one
en
dorse
d
by
the
governm
ent;
2)
T
he
one
us
e
d
by
I
W
ay
an
Si
m
pen
A
.B.
i
n
his
sc
hool
book
[
24
]
;
an
d
3)
The
one
le
ss
com
m
on
ly
us
ed,
bu
t
s
om
eho
w
t
he
s
hortes
t
on
e.
Ca
se
2.147
–
2.
150
c
onsist
s
of
phrase
“
Ba
nk
Pem
ban
gu
nan
Dae
rah
B
al
i”
(D
evel
opm
ent
Ba
nk
of
Ba
li
Pr
ovi
nce)
a
nd
al
l
of
it
s
th
ree
abbre
viati
on
s
chem
es.
Lat
in
abbre
viati
on
of
that
phrase
is
“B
PD
Ba
li
”
a
nd
it
s
three
ab
br
e
viat
ion
sc
hem
es
,
i.
e.
“B
e
Pe
De
Ba
li
”
,
“
Ba
Pe
Da
Ba
li
”
,
and
“
Ba
Pa
Da
Ba
li
”
at
case
2.
148,
2.149,
and
2.
150,
res
pecti
vely
.
On
al
l
of
ab
br
e
vi
at
ion
s
schem
a
there
are
c
ar
ik
s
(c
omm
a
si
gn)
betwee
n
s
yl
la
ble
and
/
or
word
th
at
sti
l
l
cann
ot
be
accom
m
od
at
ed
by
LBt
ran
s
-
B
ot
translit
e
rator
(n
ei
the
r
do
ot
her
al
go
rithm
s)
since
there
is
no
sm
art
way
to
diff
e
re
ntiat
e
between
this
abbre
viati
on
phrase
with
non
-
ab
br
e
viati
on
phras
e
,
excep
t
al
l
of
th
ese
ab
br
e
viati
on
phrases
we
re
m
anu
al
ly
pu
t
i
nto
t
he
databas
e
as
s
how
n
in
Figure
2
,
w
hic
h
a
re
huge
i
n nu
m
ber
.
Table
2
.
T
est
in
g
Re
s
ults
(a)
(b)
Figure
9
.
Test
ing res
ults:
a)
t
he 1st
–
6th
ca
se;
b
)
the
6th
–
16
t
h
case
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
LBtra
ns
-
Bot:
A
La
ti
n
-
to
-
B
alin
ese Scri
pt Tra
nsl
it
eration
R
ob
otic Syste
m
based o
n
Not
o
…
(
G.
In
dr
aw
an
)
1255
Table
3
.
T
he
I
nd
e
pe
nd
e
nt
Vowels Refe
ren
ce
: a)
S
udewa;
b) Noto
Sans B
al
inese
No
te: Actuall
y
,
it
i
s o
p
tio
n
al to trans
late ind
ep
en
d
en
tly
written v
o
wels b
y
u
sin
g
ind
e
p
en
d
en
t
v
o
wel,
o
r
syl
lab
le
“
h
a” that was co
m
b
in
ed
with d
ep
en
d
e
n
t vo
wel sig
n
.
(a)
(b)
On
case
2.1
47,
phrase
“
Ba
nk
Pem
ban
gu
nan
D
aer
ah
Ba
li
”
wa
s
tra
ns
li
te
rated
c
orrectl
y.
Actuall
y,
w
ord
“
Ba
nk”
re
pre
sents
a
no
t
her
kind
of
sp
eci
al
w
ords
t
hat
th
ere
is
sti
ll
no
researc
h
t
o
know
the
pr
eci
se
li
st
of
them
[1]
.
LBt
ran
s
-
B
ot
translit
erator
ca
n
ha
ndle
this
kind
of
sp
e
ci
al
w
ord
s
(see
the
5th
ste
p
of
ps
e
do
c
ode
at
The
al
go
rithm
sect
ion
)
relat
e
d
to
foreig
n
s
ound
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
,
a
s
sho
wn
by
Fig
ur
e
10
a
[25]
.
Figure
10
b
s
hows
f
or
ei
gn
w
ords
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
res
ult.
At
a
no
t
her
as
pect
of
the
ph
rase,
w
ord
“
Pem
bang
un
a
n”
and
“
Daer
a
h”
is
Indonesia
n
w
ords
an
d
since
no
diff
e
re
nt
in
wr
it
in
g
vowel
“
e”
fo
r
dif
fer
e
nt
pro
nunciat
io
n
“
ě”
(b
el
ong
to
“
e”
at
“
Pem
ban
guna
n”
)
a
nd
“e”
(b
el
ong
t
o
“
e”
at
“
Da
erah
”
)
,
it
is
beco
m
e
diff
ic
ult
on
translit
erati
on.
LBt
ran
s
-
B
ot
translit
erato
r
ca
n
ha
nd
le
this
by
the
sa
m
e
m
echan
ism
on
the
pr
evi
ous
sp
eci
al
words,
li
ke
w
ord
“Jěr
o”
(
ho
us
e)
[1]
.
Ca
se
2.
14
9
is
the
sam
e
as
case
2.147
w
he
re
vowel
“
e”
at
phras
e
“
Ba
Pe Da Ba
li
”
is p
ron
ounce
d
as
“
ě”
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
10
. F
or
ei
gn
sou
nd
s
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
:
a
) t
he
r
ules; b
)
t
he
ex
am
ple r
es
ul
ts
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
Lat
in
-
to
-
Ba
li
nese
sc
ript
tra
ns
li
te
rati
on
r
obotic
syst
em
based
on
No
t
o
Sa
ns
Ba
li
nese
f
ont,
LBt
ra
ns
-
Bot
, h
as b
ee
n dev
el
op
e
d
an
d has b
ee
n
able to w
rite
the 34
-
pix
el
fon
t si
ze of
the Noto
Sa
ns
Bal
inese font f
r
om
HTML
5
ca
nv
as
that
has
be
en
set
up
with
add
it
io
nal
10
-
pi
xel
le
ng
t
h
of
the
widt
h
a
nd
t
he
hei
gh
t
of
the
Ba
li
nese
scri
pt
w
riti
ng
area.
Thro
ugh
the
c
om
pr
ehe
ns
ive
accuracy
a
naly
sis,
i
ts
tra
ns
li
te
rator
web
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
gav
e
t
he
acc
uracy
resu
lt
up
t
o
91%
(13
8
of
151)
cases
of
The
Ba
li
nese
Alphabet
wr
it
ing
r
ule
s
an
d
e
xam
ples
do
c
um
ent
by
Sudewa
.
T
his
translit
erato
r
resu
lt
outp
er
form
ed
the
be
st
resu
lt
of
the
know
n
ex
ist
ing
translit
erato
r
ba
sed
on
Ba
li
Sim
bar
font,
i.e.
Transl
it
erasi
A
ks
ara
Ba
li
,
that
only
has
acc
ur
acy
up
to
68%
(10
3
of
151)
cases
of
t
he
sam
e
testi
ng
do
c
um
ent.
In
t
he
f
utur
e
wor
k,
LBt
ra
ns
-
B
ot
co
uld
be
im
pr
ov
e
d
by
:
1)
accom
m
od
at
ing
m
or
e
com
plex
Ba
li
nese
sc
ript
with
tra
de
off
to
t
he
li
m
it
e
d
w
riti
ng
a
rea
of
rob
otic
syst
e
m
;
2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1247
–
1256
1256
enh
a
ncin
g
it
s
translit
erato
r
by
enr
ic
hing
th
e
database
c
onsist
s
of
w
ord
s
belo
n
g
t
o
th
e
seven
te
e
n
ki
nd
s
of
sp
eci
al
w
ords
by
us
i
ng
i
de
ntifie
d
th
os
e
w
ords
f
r
om
the
existi
ng
Ba
li
nese
script
dicti
on
a
r
y
fr
om
Ba
li
Pr
ov
i
nce
gove
rn
m
ent, a
nd im
ple
m
entin
g sem
antic
r
el
at
ion
tra
ns
li
te
r
at
ion
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
resea
rch
was
sup
ported
by
Indonesia
n
Mi
nistry
of
Re
search
,
Tech
no
log
y,
an
d
Hi
gh
Edu
cat
io
n
thr
ough
Gr
a
nt
No.
113/
UN4
8.1
5/LT/2
018.
The
tran
sli
te
rator
we
b
ap
plica
ti
on
m
od
ule
of
t
his
LBt
ran
s
-
Bot
has
al
read
y
bee
n
hoste
d
at
ser
ve
r
of
C
om
pu
te
r
Scie
nce
G
ra
duat
e
Pr
ogram
of
Un
i
ver
sit
as
P
end
i
dik
a
n
Ga
ne
sh
a
as
a Java
Script
-
ba
sed we
b
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
for
the
purpose o
f
le
ar
nin
g an
d
te
sti
ng
for
the
fur
t
her im
pr
ov
em
ent.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
G.
Indra
wan,
I.
K.
Para
m
art
a,
K.
Agus
ti
ni,
and
Sari
y
asa
,
“
Latin
-
to
-
Ba
li
n
ese
Script
Tra
nsli
te
r
at
ion
Method
on
Mobile
Appli
ca
t
ion:
A
Com
par
ison,”
Indone
sian
Journal
of
E
le
c
t
rical
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
and
Computer
Sci
en
ce
,
vol.
1
0
,
no.
3
,
pp
.
1331
–
1342,
2018
.
[2]
I.
N
.
Jam
pel
,
G
.
Indra
wan,
and
I.
W
.
W
idi
ana
,
“
Acc
ura
c
y
Ana
l
y
sis
of
Latin
-
to
-
Bal
in
ese
Script
Tra
nslit
erati
on
Method,
”
Int
ernati
onal Journal of
E
le
c
tric
al
and
Computer
Eng
i
nee
ring
,
vol
.
8
,
no.
3
,
2018
.
[3]
S.
Kari
m
i, F.
Sc
hole
r, a
nd
A. Tu
rpin,
“
Mac
h
ine t
ran
slit
era
t
ion
sur
ve
y
,
”
ACM
Computing
Surv
ey
s
,
2011.
[4]
N.
S.
Kharusi
a
nd
A.
Salman,
“
The
Eng
li
sh
Tr
a
nslit
er
at
ion
of
P
la
c
e
Nam
es
in
Om
an,
”
Journal
of
Ac
ad
emic
an
d
Appl
ie
d
Stud
ie
s
,
vol.
1
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
1
–
27,
2011
.
[5]
Y.
Marton
and
I.
Zi
toun
i,
“
Trans
li
te
r
at
ion
nor
m
al
iz
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