Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
201
8
,
pp.
1070~
1079
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
0.i
3
.pp
1070
-
1079
1070
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A Low Qu
iescen
t C
ur
rent Fast S
ettling C
apacitor
-
l
ess Low
Drop Ou
t Regul
ato
r Emp
loyin
g Mul
tipl
e Lo
ops
Suresh
A
la
pat
i
,
Pa
tri
S
ree
hari
R
ao
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
E
le
c
tr
onic
s
and
C
om
m
unic
at
ion
E
ngine
er
ing,
National
Inst
it
ut
e
of
Te
chno
log
y
,
W
ara
ngal,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
15
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Ma
r
12
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
Ma
r
2
1
, 201
8
Thi
s
pap
er
pr
ese
nts
a
f
ast
tr
ansient
and
low
nois
e
c
apaci
tor
-
le
ss
LDO
using
m
ult
ipl
e
loops.
The
propose
d
LDO
expl
o
i
ts
ada
p
ti
ve
bi
asing,
bu
lk
m
odula
ti
on
and
a
fast
react
ing
c
ontrol
loop
for
a
chi
ev
ing
high
per
form
anc
e
striki
ng
re
asona
ble
tr
ade
offs
am
ong
quie
sce
n
t
cu
rre
nt,
tra
nsi
ent
r
esponse
and
stabi
lit
y
.
Th
e
pr
oposed
LDO
offe
rs
a
l
oad
reg
u
l
at
ion
of
0.
095µ
V/m
A
while
consum
ing
quies
ce
nt
cur
ren
t
o
f
16
µA
.
I
t
ex
hibi
ts
a
lo
ad
tr
ansie
nt
of
134.
23m
V
with
a
sett
l
ing
ti
m
e
o
f
240.
8ns
aga
ins
t
0
to
100m
A
lo
ad
var
iation
with
40pF
output
ca
p
ac
i
tor.
It
ex
hibi
ts
an
in
te
gra
t
ed
noise
of
31.
0
27
pV2
/H
z
at
10
Hz
for
a
m
axi
m
um
loa
d
cur
ren
t
of
100
m
A.
The
propo
sed
LDO
is
designe
d
using
0
.
18
-
µm
1P6 CMO
S proc
ess.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ad
a
ptive
biasi
ng
Bulk m
odulati
on
Dropo
ut
vo
lt
ag
e
Tel
escop
ic
am
plifie
r
Vo
lt
age
r
e
gula
tor
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Su
r
esh
A
la
pati
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
ro
nics
and C
omm
un
ic
ation
En
gin
ee
rin
g,
Nati
on
al
I
ns
ti
tute o
f
Tec
hnol
og
y,
W
a
ra
ng
al
,
Ind
ia
5060
04
.
Em
a
il
:
su
resh.s
ie
ger
@
gm
ai
l.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
porta
ble
de
vices
s
uc
h
as
m
ob
il
e
phon
es
,
la
pto
ps
,
a
nd
wireless
sens
or
s
play
cru
ci
al
ro
le
in
ever
y
walk
of
li
fe.
These
de
vices
com
pr
ise
sever
a
l
hig
h
pe
rfor
m
ance
analo
g
an
d
dig
it
al
su
bsy
stem
s.
Most
of
these
portable
ga
dg
e
ts
bein
g
dri
ve
n
by
batte
ry
r
equ
i
re
a
de
dic
at
ed
power
m
anag
em
ent
uni
t
consi
sti
ng
of
dc
-
dc
conve
rters
or
li
near
re
gu
la
to
rs
that
cat
ers
to
the
hete
rog
eneous
nee
ds
of
in
div
i
dual
su
bsy
ste
m
s.
L
inear
regulat
ors
offe
r
good
r
eg
ulati
on
,
le
ss
outp
ut
no
ise
in
a
s
m
al
l
fo
ot
pr
i
nt
area
a
s
c
om
par
ed
to
it
s
s
wi
tc
hin
g
counter
par
t
th
ough
the
la
te
r
enjoys
bette
r
eff
ic
ie
ncy
[
1]
.
These
high
per
f
orm
ance
portable
syst
em
s
on
adv
a
nce
d
proc
ess
nodes
dem
and
pr
eci
se
re
gu
la
te
d
ou
t
pu
t
v
oltage
a
gainst
fast
load
trans
it
ion
s
of
the
or
der
of
ns
[2
]
.
It
al
s
o
re
qu
ire
s
m
ini
m
iz
ing
the
po
wer
sup
ply
no
ise
over
the
ba
nd
of
i
nterest
.
T
he
la
r
ge
ca
pacit
or
connecte
d
at
th
e
ou
tp
ut
of
regulat
ion
unit
hel
ps
to
filt
er
the
no
ise
at
high
f
r
equ
e
ncies
but
m
ake
s
the
regu
la
tor
sluggish
and
oc
cup
ie
s
sig
nifi
cant sil
ic
on s
pa
ce m
aking
it
unf
easi
ble for
S
OC a
pp
li
cat
ions [
3]
-
[
4].
These
exter
nal
ly
com
pen
sat
ed
L
D
Os
a
re
un
sta
ble
du
rin
g
a
bru
pt
loa
d
tra
nsi
ents
du
e
to
th
e
pro
xim
i
ty
of
outp
ut
po
le
to
t
he
inte
rn
a
l
po
le
s
.
Its
s
ta
bili
ty
is
achieved
th
rou
gh
a
zer
o
ge
ner
at
e
d
du
e
to
ESR
of
th
e
capaci
tor
.
The
lim
it
ed
ran
ge
of
po
s
sible
val
ues
of
ESR
an
d
la
ck
of
co
ntr
ol
on
sta
bili
ty
for
wide
l
oad
curren
t
transients
li
m
its
it
s
us
a
ge
[
5].
A
pole
zer
o
cancel
la
ti
on
sc
hem
es,
wh
e
re
a
zero
is
trac
ki
ng
t
he
out
pu
t
pole
var
ia
ti
on
is
i
ntrod
uced
in
[6
]
to
e
nsure
sta
bi
li
t
y
bu
t
it
re
quires
a
com
pe
ns
at
io
n
ca
pacit
or
of
la
r
ge
val
ue
that
lim
it
s the b
a
ndwidth an
d
t
hus
influ
e
nces t
he
t
ran
sie
nt r
es
ponse
.
The
portable
S
oC
ap
plica
ti
ons
disco
urage
t
he
us
a
ge
of
e
xtern
al
ca
pacit
or
for
L
DO
regu
la
tor
w
hic
h
le
d
to
de
velo
pm
ent
of
on
chi
p
LD
O
re
gula
tor
.
Mi
ll
er
com
pensat
ion
s
plit
ti
ng
pole
s
apa
r
t
yi
el
ds
a
righ
t
hand
plane
ze
r
o
that
aff
ect
s
t
he
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
r
esp
on
se,
po
wer
sup
pl
y
rej
ect
io
n
(
P
SR)
c
har
act
eri
sti
cs
and
sta
bil
it
y
[7
]
.
The
casco
de
c
om
pen
sat
ion
t
echn
i
qu
e
ov
e
r
com
es
the
l
i
m
i
ta
ti
on
i
m
po
sed
by
m
i
ll
er
com
pen
sat
ion
te
chn
i
qu
e
and
is
su
it
able
for
high
sp
ee
d
IC
app
li
cat
ions
[8
]
.
Op
ti
m
u
m
powe
r
m
anag
e
m
ent
req
uire
s
the
portable
de
vices
to
rem
ai
n
in
st
andby
m
od
e
c
on
s
um
ing
lo
w
q
uiesce
nt
c
urre
nt
du
rin
g
qu
ie
t
pe
rio
ds
wh
il
e
dr
a
wing
s
uffici
ently
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A L
ow Quiesce
nt Curre
nt F
ast
S
et
tl
ing
C
apac
it
or
-
Less
L
ow
D
r
op Out Re
gulato
r
…
(
Sure
sh
Al
apati
)
1071
la
rg
e
c
urre
nts
as
pe
r
t
he
l
oad
re
qu
i
rem
ents.
Conve
ntion
al
on
chi
p
LD
Os
us
e
a
sin
gle
la
rg
e
pas
s
tra
ns
i
stor
t
o
su
pp
or
t
e
ntire
range
of
l
oad
s
unde
r
co
ns
i
derat
ion
.
T
his
li
m
it
s
the
perform
ance
of
the
on
chip
L
D
O
at
li
gh
te
r
loads
.
The
perf
or
m
ance
of
the
LD
O
can
be
im
pr
oved
by
segm
enting
the
pa
ss
tr
ansisto
r
int
o
s
m
al
le
r
un
it
s
and
ada
ptin
g
t
he
sam
e
to
m
a
tc
h
the
l
oad
va
riat
ion
s.
H
owe
ver
t
his
to
po
l
ogy
re
ported
i
n
[8
]
s
uffer
s
f
rom
po
or
sta
bili
ty
at
li
g
h
te
r
loa
ds
.
T
he
SD
car
ds
of
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er
re
qu
irea
a
c
on
sta
nt
volt
ag
e
prov
i
ded
by
L785
0
su
pply
in
g
a
volt
age
of
5v
but
it
is
ta
rg
et
ed
f
or
PCB
boar
d
[15].
A
hi
gh
-
a
ccur
acy
an
d
r
obus
t
L
ow
Dro
p
-
Ou
t
Re
gu
la
to
r for
LED
C
ontrol a
nd Drive
r
S
OC
appli
cable f
or
ou
t
doo
r
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s
[16].
This
pa
per
at
tem
pts
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
the
perf
orm
ance
by
i
m
pr
ovin
g
sta
bili
ty
and
opti
m
iz
i
ng
qu
ie
sce
nt
current.
LD
O
with
se
gm
ente
d
pa
ss
tra
ns
ist
or
is
discu
sse
d
in
sect
i
on
2.
Sect
io
n
3
pr
esents
the
prp
os
e
d
regulat
or
to
polog
y
us
in
g
m
ulti
ple
loop
s
.
Re
su
lt
s
are
pr
esented
in
sec
ti
on
4
f
ollo
we
d
by
co
nclusi
on
s
i
n
Sect
ion
5.
2.
SEGME
NTED P
AS
S
TR
A
NS
IS
ROR T
O
POLOG
Y
In
this
sect
ion,
the
rep
ort
ed
c
apacit
or
-
le
ss
L
DO
in
[
8]
is
rev
ie
we
d
for
it
s
ben
e
fits
and
lim
it
at
ion
s.
This
de
vel
op
s
a
fou
nd
at
io
n
for
the
pro
pos
ed
to
po
l
ogy.
Figure
1
sho
w
s
the
quasi
dig
it
al
segm
ente
d
pa
ss
transisto
r base
d
ca
pacit
or
-
le
s
s LDO
repo
rted
in
[8].
Figure
1. Se
gme
nted pass
tra
nsi
stor base
d
ca
pacit
or
le
ss
LDO rep
or
te
d
in
[8]
The
m
ai
n
neg
a
ti
ve
feedbac
k
loop
c
on
sist
s
of
transisto
rs
in
the
pat
h
M2
–
M4
–
M6
–
M7
–
M1
re
gu
la
ti
ng
the
outp
ut
for
lowe
r
loa
d
c
urren
ts
w
her
e
th
e
MP1
ser
ves
as
pass
tra
ns
ist
or.
T
he
sec
ond
pass
tran
sist
or
M
p2
that su
pport
s hea
vy loa
d
c
urr
ents is c
oupled
b
et
wee
n
e
rror
a
m
plifie
r
an
d
t
he
re
gula
te
d o
utput t
hro
ugh
a
buffer
uni
t
a
nd
a
n
a
da
ptively
biase
d
co
ntr
ol
unit
.
The
a
da
ptive
bi
as
loop
f
or
th
e
er
ror
am
plifie
r
c
om
pr
ise
s
the
l
oop
transisto
rs
i
n
t
he
path
M
2
–
M4
–
M6
–
M7
–
M1,
w
hile
the
a
da
ptive
bias
f
or
the
co
ntr
ol
un
i
t
con
sti
tutes
t
he
path
M2
–
M4
–
M6
–
M7
–
M
1.
T
he
var
i
ou
s
re
gu
la
t
ion
par
a
m
et
ers
influ
e
nce
d
by
the
increm
ental
change
of
t
he
loa
d
current is
d
isc
usse
d
i
n
the
foll
ow
i
ng.
The
co
ntr
ol
un
it
s
is
biased
w
it
h
low
quie
sc
ent
curre
nt
so
as
to
rem
ai
n
it
in
the
off
sta
te
wh
il
e
the
pass
t
ran
sist
or
Mp
1
is
regul
at
ing
th
e
ou
t
put
f
or
lo
wer
load
cu
rr
e
nts.
This
sel
ect
io
n
of
lo
wer
bias
cu
rr
e
nt
i
m
pacts
the
sle
w
rate
dr
i
ve
at
the
gate
of
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
Mp
2
du
rin
g
la
rg
e
loa
d
c
urre
nt
transie
nt
s.
The
la
te
ncies
involved
i
n
the
a
da
ptive
bias
l
oop
delay
s
the
ch
arg
i
ng
a
nd
dis
chargin
g
of
t
he
gate
capaci
ta
nce
of
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
thu
s
a
prol
onge
d
overs
hoot
a
nd
unde
rsho
ot
with
la
rg
e
ov
e
r
sh
oot
an
d
un
de
rsho
ots
is
ob
se
rv
e
d.
The
act
ion
of
r
el
inq
uis
hing
th
e
transf
e
r
of
pa
ss
transisto
r
MP1
hold
to
MP
2
f
or
hi
gh
e
r
lo
ad
cu
rr
e
nt
tran
sie
nts
al
so
res
ults
in
os
ci
ll
at
ion
s
over
the
regulat
ed
outp
ut.
T
he
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
Mp
2
becom
e
ineff
ect
ive
durin
g
lowe
r
loa
d
cu
r
ren
t
wh
e
n
it
is
expect
ed
tha
t
the
con
t
ro
l
unit
transisto
r
pull
the
gate
volt
age
to
gro
und
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
2018
:
1070
–
1079
1072
increase
t
he
dr
ive
stre
ng
t
h
of
Mp2.H
oweve
r,
the
i
neffect
iv
eness
of
M
p2
resu
lt
s
in
a
la
r
ge
un
der
s
hoot
and
ov
e
rs
hoot
with
larg
e
sett
li
ng
t
i
m
e.
3.
DEVELOP
M
ENT OF
THE
PROPOSE
D REGUL
ATO
R
TOP
OLOG
Y
The
a
rch
it
ect
ure
of
t
he
propose
d
a
dap
ti
vel
y
biased
capac
it
or
le
ss
L
D
O
is
show
n
i
n
Fi
gure
2.
T
he
topolo
gy
com
pr
ise
s
of
a
te
le
s
cop
ic
based
ca
sco
de
erro
r
am
plifie
r
tran
sist
ors
M1
-
M
6,
buf
fer
tra
ns
ist
ors
M12
,
M13
al
on
g
wi
th
a
s
m
al
l
siz
e
pass
tran
sist
or
Mp2
t
o
sup
port
lo
wer
loa
d
cur
r
ents.
T
he
feedback
of
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
t
o
the
error
am
plifie
r
diff
e
ren
ti
al
inp
ut
is
thr
ough
Rf1,
Rf
2
resi
stors
.
T
he
res
ponse
to
highe
r
load
currents
is
handled
by
a
la
rge
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
M
p2
c
ouple
d
to
the
e
rror
a
m
plifie
r
thr
ough
buf
fer
tra
nsi
stors
M12
,
M
13.
Th
e
con
tr
ol
un
it
com
pr
ise
s
of
M10,
M11
tra
ns
i
stors
switc
hes
the
con
t
ro
l
f
orm
on
e
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
to
the
oth
e
r
to
regulat
e
the
outpu
t
once
the
load
c
urren
t
inc
reases
to
a
la
rger
value
.
The
de
ci
sion
to
swit
ch
th
e
pass
tra
ns
ist
ors
op
e
rati
on
is
ta
ken
w
hile
the
thres
hold
li
m
it
set
by
the
sens
e
transistor
s
co
ns
ti
tuti
ng
M9
, M8
is
cro
ss
ed
.
The
m
ul
ti
ple
sta
ge
top
ol
ogie
s
ar
e
com
pen
sat
ed
by
a
casco
de
com
pen
sat
ion
sta
ge
f
or
m
ed
by
capaci
tor
Cz
,
al
ong
with
a
current
buff
e
r
transistor
M
4.
The
outp
ut
capaci
tor
C
ou
t
is
sel
ect
ed
to
be
of
40pF.T
he
ada
ptive
biasing
sta
ge
em
plo
ye
d
f
or
the
e
rro
r
am
plifie
r
an
d
c
on
tr
ol
un
it
de
velo
ps
a
operati
ng
curr
ent
th
r
ough
the
sta
ge
s
pr
oport
ion
al
to
l
oad
c
urre
nt
th
us
co
ns
e
rv
i
ng
powe
r
duri
ng
l
ow
l
oad
c
urre
nts.
It
al
so
im
pr
ov
e
s t
he
sle
w
rate
dri
ve
at
the
gat
e of
pass
tra
ns
ist
or a
nd th
us
s
upportin
g
t
he
tra
nsi
ent r
es
pons
e
.
Figure
2. The
pro
po
se
d
ca
pa
ci
tor
-
le
ss l
ow
dro
p ou
t
regula
tor
em
plo
yi
ng
var
i
ou
s
tech
niques
A
fa
st
reacti
ng
path
(Re,Ce
)
connecte
d
bet
ween
the
outp
ut
an
d
t
he
c
ontrol
tra
ns
ist
or
un
it
c
harges
and
d
isc
ha
rg
e
s
the
pass
transi
stor
faste
r
an
d
thu
s
assist
s
in
the
fast
set
tl
ing
of
out
pu
t
volt
age.
T
he
inef
fici
ency
of
pa
ss
transist
or
Mp
2
to
re
gula
te
the
ou
tpu
t
wh
il
e
the
gate
vo
lt
age
fall
s
below
thre
shold
value
is
aug
m
ente
d
by
R1,C
b
that
m
od
ulate
s
the
bu
l
k
volt
age
in
add
it
io
n
to
ga
te
vo
lt
age
dr
i
ve
le
ading
t
o
be
tt
er
dr
ive
of
th
e
pass
transisto
r
MP
2
to
s
our
ce
cu
rrent
a
nd
re
gu
la
t
es
the
outp
ut
volt
age.
The
detai
l
op
e
rati
on
of
diff
e
re
nt
bl
oc
ks
of
the to
po
l
og
y i
s
explai
ned be
lo
w.
3.1.
Er
r
or
A
mpli
fier C
onfigur
at
i
on
The
lo
w
quie
scent
cu
rr
e
nt
consum
ption
(
powe
r
eff
ic
ie
nc
y)
and
bette
r
accuracy
(lo
a
d
an
d
li
ne
regulat
ion)
are
the
vital
pa
ra
m
et
ers
of
e
rror
a
m
plifie
r.
It
s
hould
survi
ve
l
ow
sup
ply
vo
lt
age
c
onditi
on
s
wh
ic
h
occur ac
ross th
e p
ass
tra
ns
ist
or a
nd r
e
j
ect
the
supp
ly
var
ia
ti
on
s
to
the
outp
ut.
The
pr
opos
e
d
LDO
us
es
te
le
sco
pic
base
d
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
w
it
h
NMOS
i
nput
pair
tra
ns
ist
or
s
(M1
-
M2
).
The
NMO
S
i
nput
pair
tra
ns
is
tors
with
it
s
la
r
ge
T
ra
ns
c
onduct
ance
co
ntri
bu
te
s
to
a
high
er
band
width
r
equ
i
red
for
LD
O.
T
he
load
of
this
in
pu
t
diff
e
ren
ti
al
pair
(M1
.M2
)
is
a
cur
re
nt
m
irror
loa
d
(M
5,
M6).
T
he
cas
cod
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A L
ow Quiesce
nt Curre
nt F
ast
S
et
tl
ing
C
apac
it
or
-
Less
L
ow
D
r
op Out Re
gulato
r
…
(
Sure
sh
Al
apati
)
1073
com
pen
sat
ion
config
ur
at
io
n
of
tra
ns
ist
or
M
4
al
ong
with
Cz
su
pp
or
ts
good
rej
ect
io
n
of
s
upply
var
i
at
ion
s
on
the
outp
ut
an
d
al
so
facil
it
at
es
the
us
e o
f
l
ow
capacit
ance
f
or
com
pen
sat
ion.
This
com
pen
s
at
ion
te
ch
niqu
e
al
so
reduces
t
he
Cc
value
as
the
c
asco
de
str
uctu
r
e
co
ntri
bute
s
a
n
inc
rease
d
tra
ns
c
onduct
anc
e
an
d
th
us
e
xhibit
ing
a
m
ulti
plyi
ng
eff
ect
on
the
ori
gin
al
capaci
t
ance
valu
e.
Th
e
diff
e
ren
ti
al
f
eedb
ac
k
lo
op
op
e
rati
on
co
nst
it
utes
diff
e
re
ntial
pai
r
tra
ns
ist
ors
of
erro
r
am
plifie
r
a
nd
it
s
loa
d
transisto
rs
(M
1
-
M
6)
dri
ving
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
Mp
1
and
fee
dback
resist
ors
prov
i
ding
sam
pled
vo
lt
age
to
the
non
-
in
ver
ti
ng
i
nput
of
er
ror
a
m
plifie
r.
T
he
othe
r
feedbac
k
lo
op
path
co
ns
ti
tut
e
erro
r
am
plifie
r
tran
sist
or
s
M1
-
M6
,bu
ff
e
r
transist
or
s
(M
12,M1
3),co
ntr
ol
unit
transisto
rs
(M
10,M1
1),p
a
s
s
transisto
r
Mp
2,
an
d
thr
ough
feedbac
k
tran
sist
or
fe
d
bac
k
to
diff
e
ren
ti
al
pair
input. Th
e a
da
ptive b
ia
s lo
op
m
eet
s
the d
em
and
of
inc
rease
d
cu
rr
e
nt ef
fici
ency, load
regulat
ion
and h
i
gh slew
rate
requirem
e
nt
of
the
e
rror
a
m
plifie
r
through
ada
ptive
biasin
g
s
ta
ge
const
it
uting
tr
ansisto
rs(
M
1
-
M6)
of
error
am
plifie
r,
bu
ff
e
r
trans
ist
or
s
(M
12,M
13),pass
tra
ns
i
stor
Mp
2
se
nsi
ng
tra
ns
ist
or
s
M9,M8
a
nd
M7
m
od
ulati
ng
t
he
tai
l cur
r
ent.
This
ada
ptive
biasin
g
co
nf
i
gurati
on
se
ns
es
the
cha
ng
e
s
in
the
load
c
urre
nt
an
d
al
te
rs
th
e
oper
at
ing
current
of
the
error
am
plifie
r
and
th
us
rese
r
ves
the
cu
rr
e
nt
con
s
um
ption
on
ly
w
hen
require
d
i.e.
duri
ng
la
rg
e
load
c
urre
nts
wh
il
e
m
ai
ntain
in
g
lo
w
op
e
rati
ng
c
urre
nt
for
ste
ady
st
at
e
op
e
rati
on.
This
m
et
ho
d
wh
i
c
h
increases
oper
at
ing
cu
rrents
high
du
rin
g
lo
ad
tra
ns
ie
nts
i
m
pr
ov
es
the
tr
ansient
re
spo
nse
of
t
he
re
gula
tor
by
increasin
g
t
he sl
ew
rate
dri
ve a
t t
he
outp
ut
of erro
r
am
plifie
r.
3.2.
Bu
ff
er
C
ir
cuit Con
figur
at
i
on
A
Buffe
r
ci
rcu
i
t
in
conven
ti
onal
LDR
couple
s
the
error
am
plifie
r
and
la
r
ge
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
to
i
m
ply
a
low
cap
aci
ta
nc
e
and
high
input
resist
ance
at
err
or
am
plifier
outp
ut
thu
s
s
upportin
g
er
ror
a
m
plifie
r
good
loop
gain
a
nd
band
width.
In
t
he pr
opos
e
d
to
polo
gy, th
e
p
ass t
ran
sist
or MP1
t
hat sup
ports l
ow
e
r
loa
d cur
re
nts fro
m
0
to 1m
A
is
of
a
dim
ension
5.1
6µm
X0
.18
µ
m
i
m
pin
ges
a
low
val
ue
of
node
ca
pacit
an
ce
at
the
ou
t
put
of
e
rro
r
am
plifie
r.
Howe
ver,
the
oth
e
r
pas
s
tran
sist
or
Mp
2
is
of
la
rg
e
dim
ensi
on
i
ng
32.
14
µ
m
X0
.
18
µm
to
su
pp
or
t
f
or
th
e
highe
r
range
of
loa
d
current
f
ro
m
1m
A
to
100m
A.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
he
pass
transist
or
Mp
1is
dri
ve
n
directl
y
fro
m
the
ou
t
pu
t
of
er
ror
a
m
plifie
r
wh
i
le
the
oth
er
pa
ss
transisto
r
w
it
h
it
s
hu
ge
siz
e
is
isolat
ed
fr
om
the
sa
m
e
error
a
m
plifie
r
by
a
so
urce
f
ollowe
r
unit
i.e.
a
bu
f
fer.
The
re
quirem
ent
of
switc
hing
opera
ti
on
s
be
t
ween
the
t
w
o
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
s
accor
ding
to
the
requirem
ent
of
l
oad
tr
ansients
is
m
e
t
by
e
m
plo
yme
nt
of
a
c
ontr
ol
unit
com
pr
isi
ng
tra
ns
ist
ors
(M
10,
M11,
an
d
M
P2
)
.
An
a
dde
d
ad
va
ntage
would
be
is
t
o
ha
ve
a
dynam
ic
al
l
y
adap
ta
bili
ty
of
it
in
resp
ect
of
loa
d
tra
ns
ie
nts
so
that
a
s
m
oo
th
reli
nqui
sh
ope
rati
on
be
tween
them
i
s
done
us
in
g
a
thr
e
sho
ld lim
it
i
m
po
sed by t
he
c
urre
nt
co
m
par
at
or unit
co
m
pr
isi
ng
transisto
rs (M8
,M9).
Althou
gh
t
his co
nfi
gurati
on
a
ssist
s
in
a
go
od
respo
ns
e b
ut
t
he
la
te
ncies
in
vo
l
ved
i
n
the
l
oop
m
akes
it
sluggish
res
ulti
ng
i
n
a
great
vo
lt
age
sho
ots
at
the
outp
ut.
To
ci
rc
um
vent
this
local
iz
ed
reg
e
ne
rati
ve
c
ircuit
com
pr
isi
ng
RC
n
et
w
ork
sho
w
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
It
is
disce
rn
e
d
from
the
Figur
e
2.
t
hat
the (V
sb
)
no
de
of
c
ontr
ol
sect
ion
is
not
co
nnect
ed
to
gr
ou
nd
as
us
ua
l
but
is
c
onve
niently
AC
co
up
le
d
to
th
e
outp
ut
volt
age
(Vou
t
)
th
r
ough
a
co
upli
ng
capaci
to
r
Ce
and
dc
biased
to
gro
und
t
hroug
h
Re
.
The
loa
d
vari
at
ion
s
at
the
ou
t
pu
t
c
ouples
their
cha
ng
e
s
to
the
V
gs
of
M11
resu
lt
in
g
in
a
f
ast
so
urci
ng
a
nd
sin
king
ope
rati
on
s
on
gate
capaci
ta
nce
of
Mp
2
well
a
he
ad
of
the
fee
db
ac
k
loop
act
ion
to
regulat
e
the
outpu
t
thus
al
lowi
ng
MP
2
to
source
la
r
ge
cu
rrents
to
the
outpu
t.
T
he
sim
ul
at
io
n
wav
e
f
or
m
s
at
diff
e
re
nt
no
de
s
of
c
on
tr
ol
unit
are
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
3.
T
he
tra
ns
ie
nt
w
aveform
s
in
se
qu
e
nce
sh
ows
the
res
pons
e
volt
age
V11
at
the
gate
of
pass
tra
nsi
stor
MP2
,
V
SSB
node
volt
age
an
d
the
con
t
ro
l
el
e
m
ent
cur
re
nt
IM1
1
with
and
with
out
fast
path.
It
r
eveals
that
there
is
su
dden
increase
in
the
slope
represe
nting
f
ast
chargin
g
a
nd
discha
r
ging
of
the
la
r
ge
value
of
gate
capaci
ta
nce
of
pass
tra
ns
ist
or
Mp
2
le
ading to im
prov
e
d
t
ran
sie
nt
respo
ns
e
with
r
edu
ce
d v
oltage
v
a
riat
ion
s at
the
ou
t
pu
t.
Figure
3.
T
he
t
r
ansient
res
ponse
of the
contr
ol
secti
on at di
fferent
nodes
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
2018
:
1070
–
1079
1074
So
the
re
gen
e
r
at
ive
act
ion
of
fast
reacti
ng
pa
th
can
dynam
ic
al
ly
adap
t
an
d
boos
t
the
sle
w
rate
dr
i
ve
of
t
he
co
ntr
ol
el
e
m
ent
ov
er
c
om
ing
the
ba
ndwi
dth
li
m
i
ta
tio
ns
of
a
bove
discusse
d
a
da
pt
ive
co
ntro
l
l
oop.
A
con
ce
r
n
of
w
ort
h
noti
ng
in
t
he
posit
ive
fee
db
ac
k
(
r
e
gen
e
r
at
ive)
loop
is
it
s
pron
e
to
os
c
il
la
ti
on
s
and
diff
ic
ult
to
re
ver
t
bac
k
of
la
tc
he
d
e
ve
nts.s
o
it
is
ens
ur
e
d
that
t
he
lo
op
gai
n
of
t
he
loop
is
neg
at
iv
e
an
d
it
s
pole
s
do
not
interfe
re
with
the
m
a
in
feedb
ack
loop
an
d
t
hu
s
c
onser
ves
the
sta
bili
ty
.
T
he
fr
e
qu
ency
r
esp
on
se
for
th
e
inn
er
loop s
how
n
i
n Fi
gure
4
is l
ess
than 0
dB a
nd
cl
aim
s the LDO
sta
bili
ty
.
Figure
4.Fre
quency res
ponse
of in
ner
l
oop
c
om
pr
isi
ng
c
ontr
ol
unit
and
pa
ss tra
ns
ist
or M
p
3.3.
P
as
s
Tra
nsisto
r
Con
fig
urati
on
Conve
ntion
al
l
y
a
la
rg
e
pass
transisto
r
is
use
d
in
s
upport
of
vo
lt
a
ge
re
gula
ti
on
for
a
wide
range
of
load
c
urre
nts
transie
nts.
T
he
la
rg
e
pass
t
ra
ns
ist
or
with
it
s
huge
capaci
t
ance
at
the
ga
te
of
pass
t
ransi
stor
aff
ect
s
the
L
D
O
sta
bili
ty
wh
il
e
op
erated
at
low
er
loa
d
c
urren
ts
.
H
ow
e
ver,
the
sta
bili
ty
can
be
su
sta
ined
pro
vid
e
d
a
hu
ge
m
iller
com
pensat
ion
cap
aci
tor
is
util
iz
ed
that
re
du
c
es
the
ba
ndwi
dth
a
nd
a
vo
i
ds
the
existe
nce
of
dom
inant
po
le
near
oth
e
r
pa
r
asi
ti
c
po
le
s.
T
his
occ
up
ie
s
a
la
rg
e
f
oot
pr
i
nt
area
on
si
li
con.
A
favor
a
ble
s
olu
t
ion
is
se
gm
ent
at
ion
of
pa
ss
transist
or
s
.
The
pass
tra
ns
ist
ors
co
nf
i
gurati
on
com
pr
ise
s
a
li
gh
t
load
s
upportin
g
pas
s
tran
sist
or
MP
1
a
nd
heav
y
loa
d
s
uppo
rting
pass
transisto
r
MP
2
both
c
onnec
te
d
i
n
par
al
le
l
betwe
en
input
an
d
ou
t
pu
t
of
v
oltage
re
gu
la
to
r.M
p1
is
dim
ension
e
d
sm
all
(5
.
16
µm
X0
.
18
µ
m
)
to
su
pp
or
t
l
ow
l
oad
cu
rr
e
nts
wh
il
e
MP
2
dim
ension
e
d
big
(32.1
4µm
X0
.
18
µm
)
f
or
s
upport
of
la
rge
loa
d
currents
.
T
he
R1,Cb
c
onne
ct
ed
at
the
bu
l
k
te
rm
inal
of
pa
ss
transist
or
M
p2
t
ran
s
fe
r
the
vo
lt
a
ge
va
ri
at
ion
s
at
the
outp
ut
te
r
m
inal
to
it
s
bu
lk
le
adin
g
t
o
va
riat
ion
of
it
s
thres
hold
w
hich
al
lo
wing
pas
s
tran
sist
or
to
so
urc
e
m
or
e curren
t t
han no
rm
al
an
d reg
ulati
ng th
e outp
ut.
4.
RESU
LT
S
Ad
a
ptively
co
ntr
olled
m
ult
i
loo
p
ca
pacit
or
-
le
ss
lo
w
dro
p
out
regulat
or
is
desig
ned
us
in
g
UMC
180nm
CM
OS
te
chnolo
gy
w
it
h
a
dro
pout
vo
lt
age
of
200m
V
at
m
axi
m
um
10
0m
A
lo
ad.
It
is
desi
gned
to
deliver
an
outpu
t
volt
age
of
1.6V
f
or
a
n
i
nput
volt
age
ra
ng
e
of
1.4
-
1.8
V
w
hile
co
nsu
m
ing
a
total
quie
scen
t
current
of
16
uA
us
i
ng
2pF
c
om
pen
sa
ti
on
c
apacit
or
a
nd
a
relat
ively
s
m
al
le
r
ou
tp
ut
ca
pacit
or
of
40pF
for
sta
bili
ty
.
The
tra
ns
ie
nt
r
esp
on
se
of
t
he
pro
po
se
d
re
gula
tor
is
de
picte
d
in
Fig
ure.
3
a
nd
Fig
ur
e.
4.
T
he
ef
fect
of
the
inclusi
on
of
the
bu
l
k
m
od
ulati
on
a
nd
f
ast
reacti
ng
pa
th
are
s
how
n
e
xp
li
ci
tl
y.
It
is
cl
early
seen
th
at
the
i
m
pact
of
bu
l
k
m
od
ulati
on
and
fa
st
reacti
ng
path
m
ini
m
iz
es
the
ov
ersho
ot
(95.56m
V)
and
unde
rsho
ot
(13
4.23
m
V)
volt
age
with
c
orrespo
nd
i
ng
set
tl
ing
ti
m
e
of
4.
35
µs
a
nd
24
0.81ns.The
li
m
ited
s
wing
a
vaila
ble
at
the
gate
of
M
P2
t
o
s
ource
l
arg
e
cu
rr
e
nts
i
n
res
pons
e
to
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
var
ia
ti
on
s
is
su
pple
m
ented
by
bu
l
k
m
od
ulati
on
.
F
ur
t
her
im
pr
ov
e
m
ent
is
at
tribu
t
ed
t
o
the
fa
st
r
eact
ing
path
.
It
is
al
so
disce
r
ne
d
t
hat
the
re
gula
te
d
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
is fr
ee
of a
ny osci
ll
at
ion
s as c
om
par
ed
t
o
the
ad
a
ptively
b
ia
s low dr
opout r
egu
la
to
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A L
ow Quiesce
nt Curre
nt F
ast
S
et
tl
ing
C
apac
it
or
-
Less
L
ow
D
r
op Out Re
gulato
r
…
(
Sure
sh
Al
apati
)
1075
Figure
5
.
An
overs
hoot
res
pons
e
for
a
loa
d
c
urren
t
va
ryi
ng
from
1
00 to 0
m
A
Figure
6
.
An
unde
rs
hoot
respon
s
e f
or the
lo
ad
c
urren
t
va
ryi
ng
from
0
to 1
00 m
A
The
dc
perfor
m
ance
m
e
tric
s
load/li
ne
regu
la
ti
on
dete
rm
i
nes
the
abili
ty
of
a
re
gu
la
t
or
t
o
m
ai
ntain
a
const
ant outp
ut
v
oltage
des
pite t
he
cha
ng
e
s in
the s
upply o
r
load
c
urren
t c
hanges
. A
good loa
d
re
gula
ti
on
/l
ine
regulat
ion
prot
ect
s
the
integri
ty
of
regulat
or.
Figu
r
e
5
re
pr
e
sents
the
li
ne
r
egu
l
at
io
n
at
load
cu
rr
e
nts
of
100uA
and 10
0m
A.
Figure
7
.
Line
regulat
ion f
or load cu
rr
e
nt
100µA an
d 1
00
m
A
Id
eal
ly
,
the
c
urves
ove
rlay
with
each
oth
e
r
a
ll
al
on
g
the
c
ha
ng
e
i
n
the
in
put
volt
age
ra
ng
e
from
1.
7
-
1.8V
tr
uly
sig
nifyin
g
zer
o
lo
ad
re
gu
la
ti
on.
Ho
we
ver,
the
gap
betwee
n
them
po
rtrays
a
load
re
gu
la
ti
on.
T
he
load
regulat
ion
of
the
pro
pos
ed
re
gula
tor
for
a
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt
of
10
0uA
is
2.1m
V/V
wh
il
e
the
slo
pe
is
1.9m
V
for
a
heav
y
lo
ad
co
nd
it
io
n
of
100m
A.
The
load
regulat
io
n
for
the
pro
pose
d
LD
O
for
a
load
c
urre
nt
swep
t
betwee
n
0
to
100
m
A
is s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
2018
:
1070
–
1079
1076
Figure
8
.
Lo
a
d re
gu
la
ti
on fo
r l
oad
c
urre
nt va
ryi
ng fro
m
0
to
100
m
A
The
out
pu
t
vol
ta
ge
cha
ng
e
s
ne
arly
0.95
m
V
acro
s
s
the
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt
cha
nge
f
or
m
0
to
100m
A.
T
his
translat
es to a
load re
gu
la
ti
on
of
0.0
95
µ
V/m
A.
T
he
l
oad
re
gu
la
ti
on a
nd tr
ansient
respo
nse
volt
age
var
ia
ti
on
in
the pr
ocess
c
orner
s
is s
how
n Fi
gure
9
a
nd Fi
gure
10
re
sp
ect
ively
.
Figure
9
L
oa
d reg
ulati
on for
diff
e
re
nt corne
rs
Figur
e
10
. T
ra
ns
ie
nt
res
pons
e
of the
r
e
gu
la
t
or @
100m
A
f
or d
if
fer
e
nt c
orn
ers
(ss
-
sl
owslo
w,
f
f
-
fastfa
st,t
t
-
ty
pical
ty
pical
)
The
pro
posed
t
opology
w
hile
su
bject
e
d
to
te
m
per
at
ur
e
var
i
at
ion
s
betwe
en
-
40
o
C
to
70
o
C
resu
lt
s
in
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
var
ia
ti
on
as
show
n
i
n
Fi
gu
re
11
.
T
he
var
ia
ti
on
in
t
he
ou
t
put
is
obse
rv
e
d
to
be
1.2m
V
at
0m
A
load
c
urre
nt.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A L
ow Quiesce
nt Curre
nt F
ast
S
et
tl
ing
C
apac
it
or
-
Less
L
ow
D
r
op Out Re
gulato
r
…
(
Sure
sh
Al
apati
)
1077
Figure
11
.
Ou
t
put v
oltage
va
riat
ion
w.r.t tem
per
at
ur
e
f
or
a
l
oad cu
rr
e
nt
of
0m
A
The
sta
bili
ty
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
re
gu
la
to
r
is
e
ns
ure
d
by
the
ade
quat
e
pha
se
m
arg
in
a
nd
unit
y
gai
n
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
at
diff
e
ren
t
l
oad
c
urre
nts
an
d
it
s
va
riat
ion
with
l
oa
d
c
urren
t
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure1
2
.
Fig
ur
e
10
de
picts
the u
nity
gai
n
f
reque
ncy
an
d
phase
m
arg
in
at
d
iffe
re
nt
val
ue
s
of
l
oad
cu
rr
e
nt.
T
he
fixe
d
ta
il
current
a
ppli
ed
t
o
the
er
r
or
am
pl
ifie
r
do
m
ina
te
s
over
a
dap
ti
ve
biasin
g
cu
rrent
in
the
ra
nge
of
loa
d
c
ur
ren
t
from
0
to
25m
A
causin
g
the
e
rror
am
plifie
r
po
le
rem
a
in
sta
ti
c
wh
il
e
the
ou
t
put
pole
m
ov
es
towa
rd
s
it
.
It
r
esults
in
va
riat
ion
of
ph
a
se
m
arg
in
betwee
n
82.
3
o
and
90
o
an
d
unit
y
gain
fr
e
quency
var
yi
ng
be
tween
0.5M
H
z
and
1M
Hz.
As
the
load
c
urren
t
i
ncr
ease
s
ab
ov
e
25
m
A
the
e
ff
ect
of
a
dap
ti
ve
biasi
ng
i
nc
reases
the
unit
y
gain
f
reque
nc
y
and
br
i
ng
s
er
ror
a
m
pl
ifie
r
pole
in
prox
im
it
y
wi
th
outp
ut
po
le
eff
ect
ively
dec
reasin
g
the
ph
ase
m
arg
in
to
78
0
a
t
m
axi
m
u
m
l
oa
d
cu
rr
e
nt.
T
he
qu
ie
sce
nt
cu
rrent
require
d
to
keep
the
se
po
le
s
separ
at
e
d
is
relat
ively
le
s
s
an
d
thu
s
conse
rv
es
powe
r.
Figure
12
.
P
ha
sem
arg
in and
unit
ygai
n fr
e
que
ncy as a
fun
ct
i
on of l
oad cu
rrent
The
outp
ut
noi
se
powe
r
sp
ect
ral
densi
ty
of
the
pro
po
se
d
L
DO
versus
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
is
dem
on
st
rated
i
n
Figure
13
.
T
he
spot
noise
at
DC
f
reque
ncy
is
30.20
8pV
2
/
Hz
a
nd
31.
027
pV2
/
Hz
at
no
-
l
oad
a
nd
f
ull
-
loa
d
conditi
ons.
Figure
13
. Po
w
er Spect
ral
No
i
se d
e
ns
it
y o
f
th
e pro
posed
L
D
O
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
2018
:
1070
–
1079
1078
Table
1.
T
he
P
er
f
or
m
ance
Par
a
m
et
ers
Com
par
iso
n of t
he Pr
opos
e
d
T
opol
ogy wit
h t
he St
at
e o
f
Art L
DO
s
P
ar
a
m
e
t
er
[
8
]
[
9]
[1
0
]
[
1
1
]
[1
2
]
[
1
3
]
This
work
Te
c
h
0
.1
8
0
.1
8
0
.1
8
0
.1
8
0
.1
3
0
.3
5
0
.1
8
V
in
(
V
)
1
.8
1
.4
1
.5
1
.2
1
.2
2
.0
1
.8
V
o
ut
(V)
1
.6
1
.2
1
.2
1
.0
1
.0
1
.8
1
.6
Un
d
ersh
o
o
t(
m
V)
170
110
125
342
140
89
1
3
8
.8
9
O
v
er
s
h
o
o
t
(
m
V
)
200
85
65
192
90
129
90
V
o
u
t
(pp
)
370
195
190
534
230
218
2
2
8
.8
9
I
q(
m
i
n)
4
.8
0
.6
1
2
.4
14
27
50
1
.5
Iq(
m
ax
)
6
141
242
14
27
50
16
I
l
o
ad
(m
A
)
100
9
9
.9
9
9
9
.9
9
9
.9
5
100
99
100
Co
u
t(pF)
40
100
100
100
80
100
40
Sett.ti
m
e(µs)
2
10
4
4
2
.5
1
.5
0
.2
6
*
F
O
M(
se
t
t
.
t
i
m
e
)
0
.1
2
1
4
.1
9
.6
8
9
6
9
0
.5
6
0
2
8
0
.6
7
5
0
.7
5
7
5
8
0.
0225
*F
ig
ure
of
m
erit
(F
OM) =
∗
The
pe
rfor
m
ance
par
am
et
ers
com
par
ison
of
the
propose
d
topolo
gy
with
the
sta
te
of
art
LDO
s
i
s
ta
bu
la
te
d
in
Ta
ble
1.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
re
gula
to
r
co
ns
um
es
the
lowest
quie
sc
ent
curre
nt
of
1.5
µA
al
on
g
with
a
sm
a
ll
ou
tpu
t
c
apacit
or
of
40
pF
sim
il
ar
to
[8
]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
[
8]
ex
hib
it
s
a
la
rg
e
overs
hoot
and
unde
rs
hoot
of
appr
ox
im
at
ely
+200
m
V
and
170
m
V
resp
ect
ively
with
lar
ge
set
tl
ing
ti
m
es.
The
dep
e
nd
e
ncy
of
ov
e
rsho
ot
and
unde
rsho
ot
on
the
value
of
quie
scent
current,
ou
t
pu
t
capaci
tor,
a
nd
ste
p
cha
nge
in
load
cu
rr
e
nt
is
char
act
e
rized
thr
ough
a
fig
ure
of
m
erit
FO
M
=
Cou
t*Vo
ut
(pp)
/Il
oad
.
A
lower
F
OM
is
desirab
le
f
or
porta
ble
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
T
he
pro
posed
re
gu
la
to
r
with
lo
west
FO
M
of
0.488
de
finite
ly
i
m
pr
ov
es
the
batte
ry
li
fe
t
i
m
e
of
portable a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
a
dap
ti
ve
biasin
g
te
ch
niq
ue
us
e
d
for
error
am
plifie
r
and
co
ntr
ol
s
ect
ion
prov
i
de
s
ad
diti
on
al
current t
o
thei
r
sta
ges for t
he durat
io
n of
l
oa
d
tra
ns
ie
nts
w
hi
le
u
sin
g
m
ini
m
al
cu
rr
e
nt at
ste
ady stat
e op
erati
on.
This
m
ini
m
al
curre
nt
co
nse
rv
es
ene
r
gy
and
exte
nds
batte
ry
li
fe
ti
m
e
us
ed
in
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
s.
Additi
on
al
ly
,
i
t
al
so
s
uppo
rts
bette
r
sle
w
dr
i
ve
at
t
he
ga
te
of
pass
t
r
ansisto
rs
t
hu
s
influ
e
ncin
g
t
ra
ns
ie
nt
respo
ns
e.
T
he
sel
ect
ion
of
se
gm
ented
pass
transisto
rs
bas
ed
on
the
loa
d
cur
re
nt
dem
and
pav
e
s
the
way
for
si
m
pler
com
pen
sat
io
n
(r
e
duc
ed
com
pen
sat
i
on
ca
pacit
ance
)
an
d
fast
ch
ar
ging
an
d
disc
ha
rg
i
ng
op
e
rati
on
of
gate
of
pass
transist
or
s
facil
it
at
ing
fast
t
ra
ns
ie
nt
res
ponse
.
T
he
c
on
t
ro
l
sect
ion
tra
ns
ist
or
s
outp
ut
s
wing
lim
it
at
ion
s
in
re
gu
la
ti
ng
th
e
outp
ut
is
over
powe
red
by
the
bulk
m
odulati
on
strat
egy
ap
plied
f
or
pas
s
transisto
rs
wit
hout
co
ns
um
ing
any
extra
po
wer.
The
ina
bili
ty
of
low
val
ue
of
ou
t
pu
t
c
apacit
or
to
s
uppo
rt
respo
ns
e t
o
s
udde
n
l
oad cu
rrent tra
ns
ie
nts i
s fur
t
her
a
ssist
ed by a
reg
e
nerat
ive act
ion o
f c
on
t
ro
l sect
i
on.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
X.
G.
R
inc
on
-
M
ora
e
t
a
l.,
“
A
L
ow
-
Volta
ge,
Lo
w
Quiesc
ent
Cu
rre
nt,
Low
Drop
-
Out
Regulator
,
”
IEEE
J.
Soli
d
-
Stat
e
Circuits,
v
ol.
33
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
36
–
44,
Jan
.
199
8.
[2]
A.
Maity
e
t
al.,
"D
y
n
amic
Sle
w
Enha
nce
m
ent
Te
chn
ique
for
Im
proving
Tra
n
sient
Response
i
n
an
Adapti
v
e
l
y
Bia
sed
Low
-
Dro
pout
Regulator,
"
IEE
E
Tr
ansactions
on
Circui
ts
and
Syste
ms
II:
Ex
press
Brie
fs,
vol.
62,
no.
7
,
pp.
626
-
630
,
Jul
y
2015.
[3]
Vadim
V.
Iva
nov,
“
Low
noise
v
olt
ag
e
reg
ulator
and
m
et
hod
with
fast
sett
li
ng
and
low
-
power
cons
um
pti
on,
”
U.S
.
Pat
ent 2014
086
24568
B2
,
Jan
7
,
2014.
[4]
C.
J.
Park
e
t
a
l.
,
"Ext
ern
al
Ca
pac
i
tor
-
Le
ss
Lo
w
Drop
-
Out
Re
gula
tor
W
it
h
2
5
dB
Superior
Pow
er
Suppl
y
Rej
e
ct
ion
in
the
0.
4
–
4
MH
z
R
an
ge,
"
I
EE
E
Journ
al
of
Soli
d
-
S
tat
e
Circui
ts,
vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 486
-
5
01,
Feb
.
2014
.
[5]
C.
Sim
pson,
“
L
ine
ar
R
egul
a
tors:
The
or
y
of
Op
era
t
ion
and
Co
m
pensa
ti
on,
”
A
ppli
cation.
Not
e
1148,
Nati
ona
l
Sem
ic
onduct
or,
Ma
y
2000.
[6]
K.
C.
Kw
ok
et
al.
,
“
Pole
-
z
ero
tracki
ng
fre
quen
c
y
compensat
ion
for
low
dropout
reg
ulator,
”
I
EE
E
ISCAS,
Vol.
2
,
pp.
735
-
738
,
Ma
y
2002.
[7]
S.
Lu
et
a
l.
,
"A
Fast
Sett
li
ng
Lo
w
Dropout
Li
ne
ar
Regulator
wit
h
Single
Mill
er
Com
pensa
ti
on
Capa
c
it
or,
"
Asian
Soli
d
-
State
C
irc
uit
s Confe
r
enc
e
,
pp.
153
-
156
,
20
05.
[8]
A
Saber
kar
i
et
al.
,
"O
utput
-
c
apa
c
it
orl
ess
segm
ent
ed
low
-
dropout
volt
age
re
gula
tor
with
c
ontrol
le
d
pass
tra
nsistors,"
In
te
rnational
Journal
of
Circuit Theo
ry
and
App
lications
,
vol. 44, pp.
460
-
475,
2016
.
[9]
A.
Maity
,
et
al
.
,
”T
rad
eof
fs
awa
r
e
design
proc
ed
ure
for
an
ad
apt
i
vely
bia
sed
ca
p
a
ci
torless
low
dropout
reg
ulator
using ne
sted
m
iller com
pensa
ti
o
n”,
I
EEE
Tr
ans. Power
E
le
c
tro
n.
31
(1)
(2016)
36
9
–
380.
[10]
A.
Maity
e
t
al.
,
"A
Single
-
Stage
Low
-
Drop
out
Regul
at
or
W
it
h
a
W
ide
D
y
namic
Rang
e
for
Gene
ri
c
Applic
a
ti
ons,"
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Ve
ry
Lar
ge
Scale
Int
egration
(
VLSI
)
Syste
ms
,
vol.
24
,
no.
6,
pp.
2117
-
21
2
7
,
June
2016.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A L
ow Quiesce
nt Curre
nt F
ast
S
et
tl
ing
C
apac
it
or
-
Less
L
ow
D
r
op Out Re
gulato
r
…
(
Sure
sh
Al
apati
)
1079
[11]
G.
Li
et
al
.
,
"Cascode
d
fl
ippe
d
vo
lt
ag
e
foll
owe
r
ba
sed
output
-
c
apac
it
orle
ss
low
-
drop
out
reg
ul
at
or
for S
oCs,"
2015
28th
IE
EE Int
er
nati
onal
S
yste
m
-
on
-
Chip
Conf
ere
nce
(
SOCC)
,
Beijing, 2015, pp. 3
68
-
373.
[12]
G.
Yu
et
al
.
,
"A
FV
F
LDO
reg
ula
tor
wi
th
dampi
ng
-
fac
tor
-
cont
ro
l
f
req
u
ency
compensat
ion
for
S
OC
appl
i
ca
t
ion,"
2014
12th
IEE
E
Inte
rnational
C
onfe
renc
e
on
Soli
d
-
State
and
Inte
grated
Circui
t
Technol
ogy
(
ICSICT)
,
Guili
n,
2014,
pp
.
1
-
3.
[13]
Qi
Zha
ng
et
a
l.,
"Capa
citor
-
le
ss
LDR
base
d
on
fli
pped
vol
ta
g
e
foll
ower
with
dual
-
fe
edback
loops,
"
I
EICE Electronics
E
xpre
ss
,
Vol.
14,
No.1
2,
1
–
12
.
[14]
Li
,
Kan
e
t
al.,
"A
tra
nsient
-
enh
anc
ed
low
drop
out
reg
ulator
wi
th
rai
l
to
r
ai
l
d
y
nami
c
impedan
ce
attenu
at
ion
buffe
r
suit
able
f
or
comm
erc
ial
d
esign.
"
M
ic
roel
e
ct
ronics
Journal
,
63
(2017):
27
-
3
4.
[15]
Seno
D
Panja
ita
n
,
et
a
l.
,
"A
Telemonitori
ng
T
e
m
per
at
ure
and
Hum
idi
t
y
a
t
Bi
o
-
ene
rg
y
Proce
s
s
using
S
m
art
Phones,"
in
A
T
ELKOMNIKA,
V
ol.
14,
No.
2
,
Jun
e
2016,
pp.
762~
771
pp.
128
-
131
.
[16]
Pan
Luwe
i
e
t
al
.
,
"Bipol
ar
-
C
MO
S
-
D
MO
S
P
roc
ess
-
Based
a
Robust
and
High
-
Acc
ura
c
y
Low
Drop
-
Out
Regul
at
o
r,
"
in
A
TEL
KOMNIKA,
Vol
.
12
,
No
.
2,
Ju
ne
2014,
pp.
283
~290
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Su
re
sh
Alapati
is
pursuing
hi
s
Ph.D.
from
Nati
ona
l
Instit
u
te
of
T
ec
hno
lo
g
y
W
ara
ng
al,
W
ara
ngal
T
elan
gana
,
Ind
ia,5060
04.
His
are
a
of
r
ese
arc
h
inc
lud
es
power
m
ana
ge
m
ent
IC
design,
ana
log
IC
d
esign
and
m
ix
ed
signa
l
design
.
Patr
i
Sre
ehari
Rao
has
obta
ined
his
m
aste
r’s
d
egr
ee
in
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on
S
y
st
e
m
s
fro
m
India
n
Instit
ute
of
Tec
hnolog
y
Roorke
e,
IND
IA
and
is
cur
ren
tly
wor
king
as
Associ
a
te
profe
ss
or
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Com
m
unic
at
ions
Engi
nee
ring
D
epa
rtment
a
t
Na
ti
onal
Insti
tut
e
o
f
Te
chnol
og
y
,
W
ara
n
gal.
Mr
R
ao’
s
did
his
Ph.
D.
in
Pow
er
m
ana
gement
ICs
under
low
volt
ag
e
envi
ronm
ent
s.
His
rese
arc
h
int
e
rests
i
n
cl
ud
es
an
al
og
IC
design
,
m
ixe
d
signal
IC
design,
sensors
,
a
nd
high
spee
d
comm
unic
at
ions
for
b
ac
k
p
la
n
e a
ppli
c
at
ions.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.