TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 9, September
2014, pp. 64
7
1
~ 647
8
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i9.635
2
6471
Re
cei
v
ed
Jun
e
1, 2014; Re
vised July 1
0
, 2014; Accept
ed Jul
y
26, 2
014
Assessment of Electric Field Distribution Inside
500/220kV Open Distribution Substations during
Working Conditions
Sa
y
e
d A. Ward, Sam
y
M.
Ghania, Essam M. Shaalan*
Electrical E
ngi
neer
ing D
e
p
a
rtment, F
a
cult
y
of Engin
eer
ing
at Shoubr
a
Benha U
n
iv
ersit
y
, Cair
o, Eg
ypt
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: essam.shih
ata@fen
g
.bu.e
d
u
.eg
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he hig
h
leve
l electric fiel
d int
ensity pro
duce
d
by hig
h
volta
ge (HV) equ
ip
me
nts insid
e
5
00/22
0k
V
substatio
n
s is
har
mful for the
hu
ma
n (staff) health.
T
her
efor
e the
min
i
mu
m healt
h
an
d saf
e
ty requ
ire
m
e
n
t
s
regar
din
g
the e
x
posur
e of w
o
rkers to the risk arisin
g fr
om e
l
ectric fields pr
o
duce
d
insi
de th
ese substati
on
s
is still cons
id
e
r
ed as a co
mpetitive to
pic for utilit
y d
e
sig
ners, w
o
rld h
ealth or
ga
ni
z
a
tion (WHO) a
n
d
bio
m
edic
a
l fi
el
d rese
arch
ers.
It is very i
m
port
ant to
hav
e
kn
ow
ledg
e a
b
o
u
t
levels
distri
buti
on
of el
ectric fi
eld
intens
ity w
i
thin these hig
h
vo
ltage su
bstatio
n
s as ear
ly stage i
n
the pro
c
ess of substa
tion des
ign. T
h
i
s
pap
er
prese
n
ts resu
lts of
in
vestigati
o
n
50
H
z
e
l
ectr
ic fi
el
d i
n
tensity
dist
ributi
on
ins
i
de
500/2
20kV
p
o
w
er
transmissio
n
s
ubstatio
n
s in
C
a
iro, Egy
p
t. T
h
is pap
er pr
es
en
ts a meth
od for
assess
ment th
e distrib
u
tio
n
o
f
50HZ
e
l
ectric field intens
ity distrib
u
tion insi
de
this
s
ubsta
tion, this
meth
od of a
n
a
l
ysis
is bas
ed
on t
h
e
charg
e
simul
a
tion tech
niq
ue (
C
SM). This study w
ill se
rve
for plan
nin
g
se
rvice w
o
rks or
for inspecti
on
of
equ
ip
me
nt on
HV pow
er tran
smiss
i
on s
ubst
a
tions.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
ch
arge si
mulati
on
techniq
ue, el
e
c
tric
field inte
n
s
ity, high volta
ge substati
ons
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Powerful electric systems
with very
high voltage
are the
source of
harmful
electromagnetic
field radiation. This is because
these electromagnetic field radiations represent
the primary source to the resultant electric
al current induced in the human body under or near
electric
power systems [1].
Therefore, the problem
of
the human exposure
to electric fields has
become more important with increasing the
number and the size of power substations
and
electric
power systems in general. This harmf
ul attract an increased attention of many
biomedical field researchers, scientific research
communities worldwide on the health effects
of
electric power systems. As a result of this inte
rest, the governments are playing an active role
in
the reduction of these exposures to
electric fields by setting expos
ure
limits for such fields which
resulting
from different electrical power system
s [2-4], to
guarantee the life insurance of all staff
working inside these substations.
The 50Hz electromagnetic field
is dist
ributed unevenly
in space between
separate
power installations inside HV substations.
In open 500/220kV power transmission
substations,
the sum
of electromagnetic
field sources
with
grounded
metal constructions
creates a
complex
picture of the electric field. Works are connect
ed with operative switchi
ng, equipment inspection;
different repair work, etc.
require presence of
staff
personal in various points
of 500kV &
220kV
Switchyards (substation territory). Therefore, the
investigation of the dist
ribution levels of
the
electric fields inside these
subs
tations is an
important step for
solving
the problem of
personnel
protection from the effects of these fields.
In this paper, the present algorithm
is
carried
out to assessment the distribution levels of
the
electric field intensity produced by differ
ent high voltage electrical power systems inside
500/220kV air-insulated
substation (AIS).
In addition
to
the
investigation of
levels distribution
of
electric field intensity inside
500/22kV AIS at
1.5m
from ground surface,
we will also
investigate
the distribution levels of
electric field intensit
y
during different working
conditions and at
different
positions inside this
substation. These calcul
ated
levels will
be compared to
the standard
limit
levels stated by international organizations
[2-4]. This developed method is
based
on
the
charge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 9, September 20
14: 64
71 – 647
8
6472
simulation technique, which simulate the ty
pical 500/220kV substation with all incoming
and
outgoing
feeders by developing multi-
scripts
of m-file Matlab software
package to calculate the
distribution levels of electric field
intensity insi
de this substation.
This
method is considering
the
complex systems, including three-dimensional
multiple incoming, outgoing overhead lines and
bus system inside this substation.
2.
Substa
tion Des
c
ription and
Sy
stem
Modeling
The cal
c
ul
ations of ele
c
tric fields a
r
e
perform
ed i
n
sid
e
500/22
0kV AIS, Cairo 500
sub
s
tation. T
h
is su
bstatio
n
is suppli
ed b
y
four
500kV
overhe
ad tra
n
smi
ssi
on lin
es, sin
g
le ci
rcuit,
whi
c
h are co
nne
cted to the same 5
00 kV double bu
s systems, ma
in and stan
db
y bus-b
ars. This
sub
s
tation
ha
s three i
denti
c
al
3-p
h
, 50
0
M
VA, 500/22
0/11kV
po
we
r tra
n
sfo
r
me
rs in
stalled
in
side
it, each
one i
s
comp
osed
of three
sin
g
l
e
pha
se
tran
sform
e
rs. Thi
s
sub
s
tation i
s
supplyin
g
six
load
s thro
ugh
six 220
kV do
uble-ci
rcuit o
v
erhea
d
tra
n
s
missio
n line
s
which are o
u
tgoing from
the
same 2
2
0
k
V double bu
s
system
s, mai
n
and stan
db
y bus-b
ars. This sub
s
tation has a
si
mply
500
kV, 220
kV bus sy
ste
m
s
with 3
0
0
m
long
an
d
12m, 9m
hei
ght re
sp
ectiv
e
ly. Single li
ne
diagram for this sub
s
tation
is pre
s
ente
d
in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Single Line
Diag
ram of Simul
a
ted 500/
2
2
0
k
V
AIS Substation, Cairo 5
00 Substatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Asse
ssm
ent of Electric Fi
e
l
d Distri
bution
Insi
de 50
0/2
2
0kV O
pen Distributio
n… (Sayed A. Wa
rd)
6473
The l
o
catio
n
of equi
pment
in the
ope
n di
stributi
o
n
sub
s
tation, a
s
usual, is a
s
ym
metrical.
Some eq
uip
m
ent is
often
locate
s i
n
separat
e g
r
ou
ps. Between
these
equi
pm
ents, the
r
e a
r
e a
compl
e
x syst
em of busb
a
r,
incomin
g
an
d outgoin
g
feeders which are si
milar to
the web
cove
ring
all ope
n di
stri
bution
sub
s
ta
tion. This co
mplicate
s
t
h
e
task of inve
stigation the fif
t
y hertz
ele
c
tric
field intensity.
The
huma
n
b
ody is allo
cat
ed
within th
e
highl
y expo
sure
zone
s of electri
c
fields
insi
de
this su
bstatio
n
and at different heig
h
ts t
o
determi
ne the field dist
ribution level
s
durin
g differe
nt
workin
g co
ndi
tions, Figu
re
2.
Figure 2. Dif
f
erent Po
sition
s of the W
o
rk
ers d
u
ri
ng Dif
f
erent W
o
rkin
g Con
d
ition
s
Wo
rks are conne
cted wit
h
operat
ive switchi
ng, equ
ipment inspe
c
tion; differe
nt repair
work,
etc.
re
quire
p
r
e
s
en
ce
of
staff pe
rso
nal
in va
ri
ous poi
n
ts of
500
kV &
22
0kV S
w
itchya
rds
(su
b
statio
n te
rritory
). Th
erefore,
the
inv
e
stigatio
n of
the di
stributio
n level
s
of th
e ele
c
tri
c
fiel
ds
ins
i
de these subs
tations
is
c
a
rried out du
ring different work
ing c
o
nditions
for
s
t
aff.
The first Sce
nario
is
ca
rri
ed out at
a
hei
ght of 1.5
m
above th
e
gro
und l
e
ve
l whi
c
h
pre
s
ent
s wo
rker
(staff) st
andin
g
with his foot on grou
nd in
sid
e
swit
chyard
s duri
ng no
rmal
operation an
d
(hot-stick po
sition) d
u
ri
ng
live- wo
rki
ng
con
d
ition
s
(S
cen
a
rio 1
)
.
The se
co
nd
Scena
rio is
carri
ed out at a height
of 11m for 500
kV
switchyard a
nd 8.5m
for 220
kV switchyard,
whi
c
h p
r
e
s
ent
s the po
sition o
f
the worke
r
(staff) in (ba
r
e hand p
o
siti
on)
durin
g live maintena
nce condition
s for
500
kV and 2
20kV bu
s sy
stems (S
cena
rio 2).
The thi
r
d S
c
e
nario
is
ca
rri
ed out
at a h
e
ight of 1
7
m
for 50
0kV
switchyard
an
d
14m fo
r
220
kV switch
yard, whi
c
h
pre
s
ent
s the
position
of
the wo
rker
(staff) in (ba
r
e
hand p
o
sitio
n
)
durin
g live
maintena
nce
con
d
ition
s
for 50
0k
V
an
d 220
kV in
coming a
nd
outgoin
g
fee
ders
(Sce
nari
o
3).
In the elect
r
ic field model p
r
esented i
n
th
is pap
er, 50
0
k
V bu
s-b
a
rs (HV bars) and
220kV
bus-ba
r
s (LV
bars), in
comi
ng 500
kV fee
ders an
d
out
going 2
2
0
k
V feeders a
r
e a
pproxim
ated
by
internally lo
cated line
ch
arges. Su
ch
a
simplificat
ion
is a
c
ceptabl
e
whe
n
the fiel
d is a
n
alyzed
at
a long en
oug
h distan
ce fro
m
the con
d
u
c
tor, e.g.
near
the gro
u
nd
surface. The e
l
ectri
c
pote
n
tial
of incoming 5
00kV feede
rs, outgoing 22
0kV feede
rsa
nd bus-ba
r
surfaces ha
s
been defin
e
d
a
s
compl
e
x pote
n
tials an
d a
s
sume
d to be
equal to thei
r phase voltag
e.
These a
s
sumption
s lea
d
to
a ch
arge
sim
u
lation meth
o
d
formul
ation.
The
stand
by bus-ba
r
s a
r
e
rep
r
e
s
ente
d
by line cha
r
g
e
s,
their p
o
tential
is a
s
sume
d
to be
zero.
The infl
ue
nce
of towe
r in
sul
a
tors is negl
e
cted
wh
en t
he
field is cal
c
ul
ated. In this pape
r the HV
system
s
of alternating
cu
rrent ar
e co
nsidere
d
, theref
ore
the potential
and charge d
ensitie
s are complex qua
ntities.
In this pa
per
the Ch
arg
e
S
i
mulation M
e
thod i
s
u
s
ed t
o
com
pute th
e ele
c
tric fiel
ds [5],
whe
r
e the live con
d
u
c
tors
are
simulate
d
by a num
ber of discrete si
mulation cha
r
ges lo
cate
d o
n
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 9, September 20
14: 64
71 – 647
8
6474
the axis of these con
d
u
c
tors. V
a
lu
es o
f
si
mulation cha
r
ge
s are determi
ned b
y
satisfying the
boun
dary con
d
itions at a n
u
mbe
r
of cont
our
poi
nts sel
e
cted at the
condu
ctor su
rface
s
.
Once the val
ues
of simul
a
tion ch
arg
e
s
are
d
e
termi
n
ed, then the
potential a
n
d
electri
c
field of any p
o
int in the
re
gion o
u
tsid
e t
he cond
ucto
rs can be cal
c
ulated
u
s
in
g
t
he
supe
rp
osit
ion
prin
ciple u
s
in
g the followin
g
equatio
ns:
]
][
[
]
[
Q
P
V
(1)
Whe
r
e, [Q] i
s
a column
ve
ctor
of the fictitious
si
mulat
i
on cha
r
ge
s,
[V] is a colu
mn vecto
r
of
the
potential giv
en by thebo
unda
ry co
ndi
tions an
d [P
] is the matrix of the Maxwell pote
n
tial
coef
fici
ents
which d
epe
nd
on the type of
fic
t
itious
s
i
mulation charges
[5, 6].
In our
develo
ped m
odel,
we sim
u
late
HV and
L
V
bu
s-ba
rs, in
co
mi
ng 50
0kV fe
e
ders a
n
d
outgoin
g
220
kV feeders b
y
internally located li
ne ch
arge
s on thei
r axes.
There
f
ore the potentia
l
coef
fici
ent is
given by [7]:
(
2
)
Whe
r
e,
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
)
(
)
(
)
(
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
L
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
)
(
)
(
)
(
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
L
2
1
2
1
2
1
11
)
(
)
(
)
(
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
L
2
2
2
2
2
2
22
)
(
)
(
)
(
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
L
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
)
(
)
(
)
(
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
d
(
3
)
Whe
r
e,
)
(
1
)
(
1
1
2
1
2
1
d
L
L
d
L
L
)
(
1
)
(
1
2
22
11
22
11
d
L
L
d
L
L
Therefore
the
net field (E
i
) at any point
(P
i
) d
ue to a
numbe
r of i
ndividual
ch
a
r
ge
s (n)
each with cha
r
ge of (Q
j
.
)
is
given as:
(
4
)
Whe
r
e (
F
ij
)
x
, (F
ij
)
y
and (F
ij
)
z
are the ‘field i
n
tensity’ or fi
eld co
efficien
ts and a
x
, a
y
and
a
z
are un
it
vectors in the
x,
y and z direction
s
, re
sp
ectively [7].
The total electric field at the i
th
contour p
o
int is expre
s
sed a
s
:
2
2
2
(
zi
yi
xi
i
E
E
E
E
(5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Asse
ssm
ent of Electric Fi
e
l
d Distri
bution
Insi
de 50
0/2
20kV O
pen Distributio
n… (Sayed A. Wa
rd)
6475
3.
Simulation Results a
nd Discussion
s
This study was co
ndu
cted
not only
for
a worke
r
s st
andin
g
on the groun
d surf
ace with
his foot in
switchya
rd
s d
u
ring
no
rmal
operati
on a
nd (h
ot-stick positio
n) d
u
r
ing live
-
wo
rking
con
d
ition
s
(S
cen
a
rio
1), b
u
t also fo
r a
worke
r
s in li
ve line maint
enan
ce p
o
siti
on (b
are
han
d
positio
n), at a
height of 1
1
m for 50
0kV
swit
chyard a
nd 8.5m fo
r 2
20kV
swit
chy
a
rd
(Sce
na
rio
2)
and at
a hei
g
h
t of 17m fo
r 500
kV switchyard
and
14
m for 2
2
0
k
V
swit
chyard (S
cen
a
rio
3).
T
he
human b
ody
was a
s
sum
ed to be sta
nding in free
spa
c
e and
not in conta
c
t with elect
r
ical
grou
nd.
W
o
rkers i
n
ba
re
-hand
wo
rki
n
g
ope
rate
very close to live co
ndu
ctors and they
wear
spe
c
ial cond
u
c
tive clothing
whi
c
h protect
s
them
agai
n
s
t the exposu
r
e of the elect
r
ic field.
The
s
e
clothe
s are ig
nore
d
in ou
r simulation.
Figure 3. Map of the Electric Fiel
d (V/m
) Di
st
ributio
n insid
e
Cai
r
o 5
00 Substatio
n
during
Scena
rio 1
Figure 4.
The
Electric Fi
eld
Distrib
u
tion (V/m)
inside S
e
lecte
d
Subst
a
tion Switchy
a
rd du
rin
g
Scena
rio 1
The re
se
arch
result
s whi
c
h are p
r
e
s
en
ted in this pa
per were ca
rried out at the same
actual sche
d
u
le of worki
ng conditio
n
s
for
sele
cted sub
s
tatio
n
.
These re
sults have b
een
pre
s
ente
d
in form of the
electri
c
field distri
b
u
tion maps an
d su
rface di
stribu
tion (Figure 3 &
0
5
0
100
150
20
0
250
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1000
0
1100
0
1200
0
1300
0
1400
0
1500
0
1600
0
1700
0
1800
0
1900
0
2000
0
2100
0
2200
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 9, September 20
14: 64
71 – 647
8
6476
Figure 4).
Th
e re
sults
of work
are
cu
rre
n
tly us
ed fo
r orga
nization
of the reg
u
lar works on o
p
en
distrib
u
tion substatio
n
s. Presentation o
f
result
s in
the form of maps, conto
u
rs a
nd thre
e
dimen
s
ion
a
l figure
s
provid
es gre
a
t visibility and
a
conve
n
ien
c
e
in practi
cal a
pplication. For
example, wh
en it is nece
s
sary to select a
prope
r route for inspe
c
tion sub
s
tation or when
cho
o
si
ng the proper p
r
ote
c
tive equipm
ent nece
s
sa
ry for working
perso
nal wit
hout turned
of
f
above voltag
e, etc.
Table 1. The
Distri
bution of
Electric Fi
eld
in
the Zone o
f
Open Di
strib
u
tion Substati
on (Scena
rio
1)
The par
t of the o
pen distribut
ion substation territor
y
,%,
w
h
ere th
e electric field is
in the range (E in kV
/m)
E Range
0
≤Е
<5 5
≤Е
<10 10
≤Е
<15
15
≤
E<20
20
≤
E<25
25
≤
E<30
T
e
r
r
itor
y
,
%,
42.3
21.5
1
1
.3
10.7
7
7.2
Acco
rdi
ng to recom
m
end
ations of SanPiN
2.2.4.1
191-03 [8],
employee
s, servin
g
electri
c
al in
st
allation
s are
permitted to:
1)
Stay in
the 5
0
-HZ electri
c
field with t
he
intensity of u
p
to 5kV/m d
u
ring the wo
rking
day;
2)
Stay in
the 5
0
-HZ electri
c
field with t
he
intensity from
5 to
20 kV /
m during limited
time, calcul
ated as follo
ws:
2
50
E
T
(6)
Whe
r
e E is th
e electri
c
field
intensity in kV/m
in the controlled a
r
e
a
,
T
is the time in hrs.
Therefore wh
en the electri
c
field intensi
t
y is
in range
from 20 to
25 kV/m, stay of
th
e
staf
f in this electri
c
field sh
ould not exce
ed 10 minute
s
;
1)
Maximal pe
rmitted level o
f
the ele
c
tric
field inten
s
ity in ope
n di
stribution
sub
s
t
a
tion
is 25 kV/m.
2)
Staying in the
electri
c
field
with the inte
n
s
ity of more t
han 25
kV/m
without u
s
e o
f
the
prote
c
tive eq
uipment is n
o
t
permitted.
Going alo
ng the cal
c
ulate
d
electri
c
field int
ensity
,
it is determine
d the points wh
ere the
electri
c
field intensity rea
c
hes the maxi
mum ex
posu
r
e limit values 5, 10, 15, 20kV/m.
T
a
bl
e 1
depi
cts, in perce
nts, value
s
of zone
s wi
th electr
ic fiel
d intensitie
s less 5kV/m (zone of securit
y
)
and highe
r 5kV/m (zone of
influen
ce)
at scena
rio 1. Result
s of calc
ulated data analysi
s
in (T
a
b
le
1) are
sho
w
e
d
that, in ave
r
age; 42.3% of the
open distributio
n su
bstation
s occupy the territory
on whi
c
h the
electri
c
field doe
s not exceed 5
k
V/
m (zone of se
cu
ri
ty).
A
nd the territo
ry of open
distrib
u
tion substatio
n
s at whi
c
h the electri
c
fiel
d is greate
r
than 5kV/m, where i
t
require
s limited
stay time for safety performan
ce of work, is
called
the zone of electri
c
field influence.
T
h
is
territory ta
ke
s, in average, about 57.7%
of the open di
stributio
n su
b
s
tation.
The dist
ributi
on of the electri
c
field intensity
in the zone of elect
r
i
c
field influen
ce where
the electri
c
field inten
s
ity
higher 5
k
V/m is as follo
ws:
1)
21.5% of the territory falls
on the zo
ne
wi
th the ele
c
tric field from
5to 10kV/m,
2)
The
zone
fro
m
10
kV to 1
5
kV/m is
mu
ch
smalle
r (a
bout 1
1
.3%
of the territo
ry o
f
AIS).
3)
The zo
ne fro
m
15kV to 20
kV/m is abo
ut 10.7% of the territory of
AIS.
4)
The pe
rcent
age of the zone with the
in
tensity from 20 to 25kV/m, where
the
permi
ssion
stay time is not exceed 1
0
minutes
, is a
b
o
u
t 7% of the territo
ry of
AIS.
5)
The inten
s
ity of the electric field mo
re
than 25kV/m,
where the presen
ce with
out
person
a
l prot
ective equip
m
ent is pro
h
i
b
it
ed, and the value of such
zon
e
s is the
about 7.2% o
f
the territory of
AIS.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Asse
ssm
ent of Electric Fi
e
l
d Distri
bution
Insi
de 50
0/2
20kV O
pen Distributio
n… (Sayed A. Wa
rd)
6477
Figure 5. Map of the Electric Fiel
d (V/m
) Di
st
ributio
n insid
e
Cai
r
o 5
00 Substatio
n
during
Scena
rio 2
Figure 6. Map of the Electric Fiel
d (V/m
) Di
st
ributio
n insid
e
Cai
r
o 5
00 Substatio
n
during
Scena
rio 3
Table 2. The
Maximum and Average El
ectri
c
Fiel
d V
a
lues for DIfferent
Working
Conditions
Field calculation
He
ight Electric
Field
Scenario
A (Standb
y Off
)
Scenario B (Stan
d
b
y
On)
1.5 m
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side all sub
21.98
23.5
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side 220 kV Sw
i
t
ch
y
a
rd
18.77
22.78
Et (Avg) (kV/m)
7.91
9.99
8.5 m
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side all sub
103.35
129.99
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side 500 kV Sw
i
t
ch
y
a
rd
83.71
75.36
Et (Avg) (kV/m)
9.04
13.94
11 m
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side all sub
123.34
158.55
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side 220 kV Sw
i
t
ch
y
a
rd
99.09
98.17
Et (Avg) (kV/m)
9.70
14.44
14 m
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side all sub
127.73
135.69
Et (Avg) (kV/m)
10.97
14.38
17 m
Et (Max) (kV/m) i
n
side all sub
149.46
152.73
Et (Avg) (kV/m)
10.69
12.55
Figure
5 and
Figure
6 sh
o
w
the ele
c
tri
c
field
di
stribut
ion in
side
Cai
r
o 5
00
su
bst
a
tion for
the other two
scena
rio
s
2 & 3 mentioned
previou
s
ly, while Table 2
summari
ze the
maximum an
d
averag
e ele
c
tric field value
s
for differe
nt workin
g co
ndi
tions.
0
5
0
100
150
200
25
0
3
00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
500
0
100
00
150
00
200
00
250
00
300
00
350
00
400
00
450
00
500
00
550
00
600
00
650
00
700
00
750
00
800
00
850
00
900
00
950
00
100
00
0
105
00
0
110
00
0
0
5
0
100
15
0
200
250
30
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-20
000
0
2
0000
4
0000
6
0000
8
0000
1
00000
1
20000
1
40000
1
60000
1
80000
2
00000
2
20000
2
40000
2
60000
2
80000
3
00000
3
20000
3
40000
3
60000
3
80000
4
00000
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 9, September 20
14: 64
71 – 647
8
6478
From the
s
e figure
s
an
d table pre
s
e
n
ted
above,
it is found that the
maximum ca
lculate
d
electri
c
field imposed to the human bo
dy during
hot
-sti
ck po
sitio
n
(scen
a
rio 1
)
is about 23
.5
kV/m while the maximum
measu
r
ed e
l
ectri
c
field imposed to the human b
ody during this
positio
n (sce
nario 1
)
is ab
out 23kV/m, and the av
erage cal
c
ul
ate
d
electri
c
field imposed to the
human b
ody durin
g hot-sti
ck p
o
sitio
n
(scen
a
rio 1
)
is
about 10
kV/m while the a
v
erage m
e
a
s
ured
electri
c
field imposed to the human bo
dy during
thi
s
po
sition (scen
a
rio 1
)
is about 9.6kV
/
m.
Therefore th
e simul
a
tion
results a
r
e
matche
d wi
th the mea
s
ured val
u
e
s
with very small
toleran
c
e
(a
b
out 2.2%)
whi
c
h i
s
be
ca
use of
the a
s
su
mption ta
ken
durin
g the
si
mulation a
nd
due
to the field m
e
ter u
s
e
d
in
the mea
s
u
r
e
m
ents i
s
d
e
p
ende
nt on th
e natu
r
al of
place where
the
electri
c
field
is mea
s
u
r
ed
[9-1
1]. It is also
fou
nd that the maximum cal
c
ul
ated ele
c
tric fi
eld
imposed to the human bod
y during bare
-
han
d positio
n (scena
rio 2
)
is about 158
.6kV/m and that
for sce
na
rio 3 is about 15
2.7kV/m (wit
hout con
s
id
er
ing the ef
fects of insulatin
g
clothe
s) wh
ich
are con
s
iste
n
t
with other re
lated study [1
2].
Following
the electric field during live line ma
intenance, the electric field intensity is
higher
, exceeds, the exposure limit.
So the work
ers should not
last for more than
several
minutes in live line maintenance position.
4. Conclu
sion
In this study, a method is
prop
osed for
determi
ning t
he distri
butio
n of the elect
r
ic field
prod
uced in
si
de hig
h
-volta
ge op
en di
stri
bution
sub
s
ta
tions. Thi
s
m
e
thod i
s
ba
se
d on the
charge
simulatio
n
techniqu
e. And the most imp
o
r
tant
res
u
lts
from this
s
t
udy are as
follows
:
1)
It is found
that the el
ect
r
ic fiel
d cha
nge
s from
p
o
int to poi
nt insid
e
sub
s
t
a
tion
swit
chyard. Accordi
ng to this inve
stigati
on re
sult
s, a map of ele
c
tric field inten
s
ity
distrib
u
tion was buil
d
for this sub
s
tatio
n
. This map
depi
cts lo
cati
on of are
a
s
with
different level
electri
c
field
intensity. Thi
s
map i
s
u
s
e
d
for pla
nnin
g
and
con
d
u
c
ting
works insi
de
sub
s
tation
s a
nd for moving
inside
sub
s
ta
tion for equip
m
ent insp
ecti
on.
2)
This investig
ation sho
w
e
d
that, in av
erage, about 4
2
.3% of the
open di
stribu
tion
sub
s
tation
s o
c
cupy the territory on whi
c
h t
he electri
c
field doe
s not
exceed 5
kV /
m
(zo
ne of
se
cu
rity), and the
maximum ele
c
tri
c
fi
eld inte
nsity at this substatio
n
is l
e
ss
than 2
5
kV/m
and
only
at
ce
rtain
poi
n
t
s in
some
open
di
stribu
tion sub
s
tations
rea
c
he
s aval
ue gre
a
ter th
an 25
kV/m.
3)
The value of
electri
c
field during live
line mainten
a
n
ce is hi
ghe
r, exceed
s, the
exposure limi
t. So the workers
sho
u
ld n
o
t la
st for mo
re than
several minute
s
in live
lin
e
ma
in
te
nan
c
e
po
s
i
tion
.
Referen
ces
[1]
L Ortiz, J Zoletti,
F
Saave
d
r
a, A Gonz
ale
s
.
ELF
F
i
eld
Emiss
i
ons
fro
m
E
l
ectric P
o
w
e
r Systems.
Procee
din
g
s of
the EMC 94, Roma, Ital
y
. 1
9
94; 426-
43
0.
[2]
WHO - World Health Or
ga
n
i
zatio
n
. Extrem
el
y l
o
w
fre
que
nc
y fiel
ds. En
vironme
n
tal
H
ealth
Criteri
a
.
W
o
rld He
alth
Organiz
a
tion,
Geneva. 2
007;
238.
[3]
EMF
Design
Guide
lin
es for Electric facil
i
tie
s
. Report, Sou
t
hern Ca
lifor
ni
a Ediso
n
Com
pan
y (SCE
)
,
200
4.
[4]
IEEE Std. Safet
y
Lev
els Wit
h
Res
pect to
Human
E
x
pos
u
re to E
l
ectromagnetic Fields, 0 to 3 k
H
z,
IEEE Std. C95.
6-2002. 2002.
[5]
NH Ma
lik. A
R
e
vie
w
of t
he
C
harg
e
Sim
u
l
a
ti
on M
e
tho
d
a
n
d
Its Appl
icati
o
n
s
.
IEEE Trans. On Electrical
Insulation
. 19
8
9
; 24(1): 3-20.
[6]
E kuffel, W
S
Z
aeng
le, J K
u
ffel. Hig
h vo
lta
ge
eng
in
eeri
n
g
,
fundam
entals
.
Ne
w
n
es, Se
cond
ed
itio
n
reprint, 20
01 (
T
ext book).
[7]
Masan
o
ri Akaz
aki, Ki
yoto Mis
h
ijim
a. Calc
ula
t
ion of
three d
i
mensi
ona
l a
x
is
ymmetric fie
l
ds
b
y
ch
arg
e
simulati
on met
hod. Electric
al
Engi
neer
in
g in
Japa
n. 197
8; 98(4): 1–7.
[8]
SanPi
N
2.2.4.1
191-
03 El
ectro
m
agn
etic
fields
in the
w
o
rki
ng
envir
onme
n
t. 2008.
[9]
HI 3604 ELF
S
u
rve
y
M
e
ter Us
er’s Man
ual, H
o
lla
da
y In
d. 20
02.
[10]
HI-441
3 F
i
ber
Optic RS-232 I
n
terface
W
i
th Probe Vi
e
w
™
360
0 User’s m
anu
al. 20
02.
[11]
IS Okrainskaya, SP Glady
s
hev,
AI Sidorov
, NV Glotova. Investigat
i
on o
f
Electric F
i
eld
Distributi
o
n
Inside 500 kV Po
w
e
r Distribution S
ubstations. IEEE
International Co
nfer
ence on Electr
o Information
T
e
chnolog
y (EI
T
), Rapid Cit
y
,
South Dak
o
ta, USA. 2013: 1-
4.
[12]
W
Kraje
w
ski.
Numeric
a
l ass
e
ssment of e
l
ectr
omag
netic
expos
ure d
u
ri
ng liv
e-li
ne
works on h
i
g
h
-
voltag
e ob
jects
.
Science Mea
s
ureme
n
t
&
T
e
chno
log
y
IET
.
200
9; 3(1): 27-
38.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.