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Science
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1
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J
an
u
ar
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7
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cs.v
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573
566
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ttp
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cs.ia
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co
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Eco
no
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ic c
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es o
f
clo
ud co
m
p
uting in Ira
qi
edu
ca
tiona
l
institu
tions
using
ex
plo
ra
tory
ana
ly
sis
F
a
ra
h H
us
s
ein M
o
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ed
J
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a
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us
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De
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rtme
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a
c
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istratio
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ics
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Un
iv
e
rsit
y
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f
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n
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Hill
a
h
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Ira
q
2
De
p
a
rtme
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o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter E
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T
e
c
h
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iq
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s,
A
l
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q
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a
l
Un
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rsit
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Hill
a
h
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Ira
q
Art
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I
nfo
AB
ST
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r
ticle
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to
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y:
R
ec
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M
ay
22
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2
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20
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ev
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l
26
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2
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cc
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ted
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u
g
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Clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
(CC)
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
o
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
s
e
rv
ice
s
i
s
c
o
n
f
ro
n
ti
n
g
se
v
e
ra
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s.
P
ri
o
r
re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
se
d
o
n
th
e
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
re
late
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
w
h
il
e
f
e
w
e
x
a
m
in
e
th
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s.
Th
e
p
u
r
p
o
se
o
f
th
is
stu
d
y
is
to
e
x
a
m
in
e
th
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
u
sin
g
CC
in
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
in
sti
tu
ti
o
n
s
in
Ira
q
.
A
rti
c
les
p
e
rtain
in
g
to
t
h
e
t
o
p
ics
w
e
r
e
e
x
trac
ted
f
ro
m
m
a
in
d
a
tab
a
se
s.
Ba
se
d
o
n
th
e
re
v
iew
,
th
e
c
rit
ica
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
w
e
r
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
.
T
o
c
o
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ir
re
late
d
n
e
ss
to
Ira
q
i
c
o
n
tex
t,
a
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ire
re
late
d
to
th
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
wa
s
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
0
4
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
IT
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
h
a
s p
a
rti
c
ip
a
te
d
i
n
t
h
is
st
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
sh
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
m
a
in
l
y
re
late
d
to
th
e
i
n
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
re
a
d
in
e
ss
,
in
tern
e
t
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
,
c
o
st
o
f
e
sta
b
li
sh
in
g
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
th
e
CC.
T
h
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
we
re
d
iv
id
e
d
in
t
o
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
s.
T
h
e
p
re
-
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
p
h
a
se
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
se
lec
ti
n
g
se
rv
i
c
e
p
ro
v
id
e
r
a
n
d
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
th
e
re
a
d
in
e
ss
o
f
sta
k
e
h
o
ld
e
rs,
train
in
g
,
a
n
d
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
re
a
d
in
e
ss
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
p
h
a
se
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
m
a
in
tain
in
g
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
c
o
m
p
a
ti
b
il
it
y
,
leg
a
c
y
s
y
ste
m
,
in
tern
e
t
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
,
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
a
v
a
il
a
b
il
it
y
,
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
v
it
y
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
o
st
-
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
p
h
a
se
in
c
lu
d
e
s
t
h
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
se
c
u
rit
y
,
p
riv
a
c
y
,
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
sw
it
c
h
in
g
c
o
st,
a
n
d
lo
c
k
-
in
.
T
h
e
m
o
st
c
rit
ica
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s in
a
ll
p
h
a
se
s are
re
late
d
to
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
re
a
d
in
e
ss
,
in
tern
e
t
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
,
sw
it
c
h
in
g
c
o
st
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
CC.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
w
e
re
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
a
n
d
l
im
it
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
stu
d
y
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
th
e
d
irec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
re
w
o
rk
s
we
re
g
iv
e
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
E
co
n
o
m
ic
ch
a
llen
g
es
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Far
ah
Hu
s
s
ei
n
Mo
h
a
m
m
ed
J
aw
ad
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lec
tr
ical
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
B
ab
y
lo
n
Hillah
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail: b
u
s
.
f
ar
a
h
.
h
u
s
@
u
o
b
ab
y
lo
n
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
(
C
C
)
is
a
n
e
w
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
t
h
e
w
a
y
o
f
d
o
in
g
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
an
d
d
eliv
er
in
g
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
izati
o
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
m
a
ter
ia
l
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
w
h
er
e
at
an
y
ti
m
e
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
[
1
]
.
CC
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
“
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t,
o
n
-
d
e
m
a
n
d
n
et
wo
r
k
ac
ce
s
s
to
a
s
h
ar
ed
p
o
o
l
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
r
ap
id
ly
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
ed
an
d
r
elea
s
ed
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
al
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
ef
f
o
r
t
o
r
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
”
[
2
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
a
in
la
y
er
s
in
C
C
t
h
at
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
So
f
t
w
ar
e
a
s
a
s
er
v
ice
(
Saa
S),
P
latf
o
r
m
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
P
aa
S),
an
d
I
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
I
aa
S).
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
clo
u
d
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
th
a
t
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
h
y
b
r
id
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
clo
u
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
[3
-
6]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
co
n
o
mic
ch
a
llen
g
es o
f c
lo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
i
n
I
r
a
q
i e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
…
(
F
a
r
a
h
Hu
s
s
ein
Mo
h
a
mme
d
Ja
w
a
d
)
567
C
lo
u
d
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
ev
er
al
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
f
o
r
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
.
F
o
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
i
t
i
s
o
b
v
io
u
s
t
h
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
v
ie
w
th
e
C
C
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
co
m
p
e
titi
v
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
an
d
co
s
t
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
[7
-
9]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
o
n
C
C
u
n
d
er
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
eted
th
e
ed
u
at
io
n
al
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
[
1
0
,
11]
.
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ice
s
,
f
e
w
s
tu
d
ie
s
lo
o
k
ed
i
n
to
t
h
e
c
h
all
en
g
e
s
a
n
d
b
en
e
f
it
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
m
i
g
h
t
d
ea
l
w
it
h
w
h
e
n
d
ep
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
C
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
2
,
13]
.
W
h
ile
th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
ch
al
len
g
es
r
elate
d
to
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
,
as
w
ell
as
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
t
h
at
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ice
s
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
h
a
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
les
s
atten
tio
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
alle
n
g
e
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
co
u
ld
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
u
n
iv
e
r
s
it
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
tig
h
te
n
e
d
th
e
b
u
d
g
et
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
an
d
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
u
n
i
v
er
s
itie
s
to
b
e
s
elf
-
f
u
n
d
ed
[
1
5
,
16]
.
F
o
r
t
h
i
s
r
e
a
s
o
n
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
t
e
s
t
e
m
p
i
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
t
h
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
f
I
T
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
I
r
a
q
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
t
a
c
k
l
e
d
t
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
C
C
i
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
g
r
e
a
t
l
y
i
n
l
e
s
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
I
r
a
q
,
f
ew
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
l
o
o
k
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
i
s
s
u
e
a
m
o
n
g
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
[
1
7
]
.
F
o
r
t
h
i
s
r
e
a
s
o
n
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
I
r
a
q
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
s
i
x
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
I
t
s
t
a
r
t
s
b
y
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
o
p
i
c
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
clo
u
d
C
C
as
w
ell
as
th
e
la
y
er
s
a
n
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
s
ec
t
io
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
C
C
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ch
alle
n
g
es
o
f
C
C
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
cu
s
es i
n
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
o
n
th
e
is
s
u
e
r
elate
d
to
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies s
u
c
h
as I
r
aq
.
2
.
1
.
Clo
ud
co
m
pu
t
ing
C
C
i
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
i
n
in
ter
n
et
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
t
e
n
ab
les
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t,
o
n
d
em
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
s
er
v
er
,
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
er
v
ices,
an
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
ch
ed
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
w
h
er
e
at
an
y
ti
m
e
[
2
]
.
I
t
h
as
t
h
r
ee
la
y
e
r
s
th
at
in
c
lu
d
es
SaaS,
P
aa
S
a
n
d
I
aa
S
[3
-
6]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
f
o
u
r
d
ep
lo
y
m
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
a
m
o
n
g
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
C
C
[
1
8
,
1
9
]
.
Dep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
i
n
cl
u
d
es,
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
h
y
b
r
id
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
is
co
s
t
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
u
t
les
s
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
th
e
p
r
iv
ate,
w
h
ic
h
is
co
s
tl
y
a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
u
g
e
in
v
est
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
is
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
iv
a
te
an
d
p
u
b
lic
w
h
er
e
s
o
m
e
s
er
v
ices
ar
e
o
f
f
er
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
w
h
ile
o
th
er
s
er
v
i
ce
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
v
ia
t
h
e
p
r
iv
at
e
clo
u
d
.
L
astl
y
,
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
clo
u
d
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
clo
u
d
s
h
ar
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
[
18
-
21
]
.
C
h
o
o
s
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
s
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
is
w
id
el
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
p
r
iv
ate
clo
u
d
is
co
s
tl
y
f
r
o
m
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
is
less
co
s
t
l
y
b
u
t r
eq
u
ir
e
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t i
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
2
.
2
.
Clo
ud
co
m
pu
t
ing
ec
o
no
m
i
c
cha
lleng
e
f
o
r
educa
t
io
na
l serv
ice
Af
ter
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
cr
is
is
in
2
0
0
9
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
ies
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
f
o
cu
s
ed
to
s
u
r
v
iv
e
an
d
th
r
i
v
e
[
7
]
.
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
h
a
v
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
et
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
e
n
f
o
r
ce
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
to
ad
ap
t
to
th
e
n
e
w
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
s
elf
-
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
f
ac
to
r
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
k
ee
p
in
g
a
n
d
m
ai
n
t
ain
i
n
g
t
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
i
ll
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
s
t
a
n
d
m
i
g
h
t
lead
to
n
e
g
ati
v
e
f
i
n
a
n
c
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
clo
u
d
h
a
s
co
m
e
to
r
escu
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
u
p
g
r
ad
in
g
,
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
in
cr
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
o
f
f
er
in
g
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
C
C
cu
r
r
en
t
l
y
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
e
v
er
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
s
t
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
u
n
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
in
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
s
u
c
h
as t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
u
p
d
ated
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
an
d
h
ar
d
w
a
r
e
[2
6]
.
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
ch
a
llen
g
e
s
th
at
f
ac
es
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
i
n
s
ti
tu
tio
n
s
w
h
e
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
C
C
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
w
a
s
r
ev
ie
w
ed
an
d
ar
ticle
s
elec
tio
n
w
as
co
n
d
u
c
ted
.
A
r
tic
les
f
r
o
m
r
el
iab
le
d
atab
ase
w
er
e
r
e
v
ie
w
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
e
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ie
s
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
o
f
c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
th
at
in
ten
d
ed
to
o
f
f
er
C
C
s
er
v
ices
h
av
e
to
co
n
s
id
er
s
ev
er
al
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
a
t
r
esu
lt
in
v
ar
io
u
s
c
h
alle
n
g
es.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ec
is
io
n
is
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
s
e
lectio
n
o
f
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
an
d
ea
ch
o
n
e
h
as
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
.
T
h
e
c
h
o
ice
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
ese
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
ca
n
b
e
a
co
s
t
an
al
y
s
is
d
ec
is
io
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
b
en
e
f
its
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
g
a
in
ed
an
d
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
ic
e
s
.
Seco
n
d
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t c
h
alle
n
g
e
i
s
to
s
elec
t t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t o
f
C
C
[
2
8
]
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
(
p
r
iv
ate,
p
u
b
lic,
h
y
b
r
id
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
)
h
as
it
s
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es.
A
co
s
t
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
i
n
lig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
ee
d
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
.
B
as
ic
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
m
i
g
h
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
o
n
l
y
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
.
Ho
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ices
r
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th
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it
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[
2
9
,
3
0
]
.
Un
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s
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
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i
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[
1
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,
3
1
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u
r
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1
.
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p
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ases
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[
3
2
,
3
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]
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h
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[
3
4
,
35]
.
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h
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s
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i
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itie
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v
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ch
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tech
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ical
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ar
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ab
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ai
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ig
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s
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o
f
clo
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d
[
3
6
,
37]
.
T
h
e
last
ch
alle
n
g
e
in
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
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a
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i
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ea
d
in
e
s
s
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f
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in
f
r
as
tr
u
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e.
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h
is
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cl
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d
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th
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h
ar
d
war
e
an
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et
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co
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ec
tio
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h
at
co
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m
p
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s
.
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n
v
e
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ti
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g
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n
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astru
c
tu
r
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g
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t
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r
u
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d
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ill b
e
ch
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n
g
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g
to
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u
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an
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m
ai
n
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n
th
e
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et
w
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k
[
1
6
,
38
,
3
9
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
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n
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ase,
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ar
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s
ev
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t
h
at
f
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e
t
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ca
tio
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er
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s
.
Am
o
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g
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ese
ch
al
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th
a
t
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av
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e
co
n
o
m
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p
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th
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in
f
r
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v
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iv
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t
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.
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s
tab
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i
n
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d
m
a
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g
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h
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r
e
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o
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t
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d
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eq
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ir
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m
ai
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f
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as
tr
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ct
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r
e
[
4
0
-
42]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
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,
th
e
leg
ac
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y
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te
m
t
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at
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o
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atib
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e
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m
.
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h
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ter
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t b
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.
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h
e
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er
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at
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t
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y
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m
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d
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en
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o
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th
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er
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ic
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p
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o
v
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.
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h
is
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aise
t
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o
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t
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e
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v
ailab
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o
f
th
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clo
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d
at
an
y
ti
m
e
f
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m
an
y
w
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w
e
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er
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w
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p
ar
t
r
eq
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ir
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ter
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n
o
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n
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n
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h
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ca
m
p
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s
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u
t o
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t
s
id
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ca
m
p
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s
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ls
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m
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
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co
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[
4
3
]
.
T
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ch
allen
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w
itc
h
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
to
an
o
th
er
af
ter
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
as
w
ell
a
s
th
e
s
er
v
ices
th
at
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
ea
c
h
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
s
t
r
e
s
u
l
ts
in
th
e
lo
ck
-
i
n
.
E
v
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
m
ig
h
t
n
o
t
b
e
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
ith
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
,
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
to
s
ta
y
a
n
d
k
ee
p
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
co
s
t o
f
s
w
i
tch
in
g
to
an
o
th
er
p
r
o
v
id
er
[
4
2
,
4
4
]
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
w
as
r
ev
ie
w
ed
to
f
i
n
d
ar
ticle
s
t
h
at
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
e
co
n
o
m
ics
’
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e,
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
to
af
f
ec
t
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
C
C
i
n
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
o
i
n
v
e
s
tig
ate
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
p
h
ase
s
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
i
o
n
in
I
r
aq
,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
ev
alu
a
te
th
e
s
e
cr
iter
ia.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
a
n
d
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
t
h
e
I
T
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
p
r
iv
ate
an
d
p
u
b
lic
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
I
r
aq
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
w
as
u
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
b
asis
.
T
h
o
s
e
I
T
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
w
h
o
ar
e
h
o
ld
er
o
f
m
a
s
ter
o
r
P
h
D
d
eg
r
ee
,
a
cc
ess
ib
le,
an
d
w
i
lli
n
g
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
d
ata
w
as
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
ai
r
e.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
c
lu
d
e
d
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
ea
ch
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
d
a
te
n
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
t
h
e
r
elate
d
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ten
s
ca
le
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
e
x
tr
e
m
el
y
n
o
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t (
1
)
to
ex
tr
em
el
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t (
1
0
)
.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
0
4
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
w
er
e
co
llected
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
w
e
r
e
ch
ec
k
ed
f
o
r
m
is
s
in
g
v
al
u
es
.
Fin
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
t
h
at
all
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
co
m
p
lete.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
al
l
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
s
w
er
e
m
ar
k
ed
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ata
w
as
a
n
a
l
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
d
escr
ip
ti
v
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
al
s
o
in
cl
u
d
ed
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
an
d
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
h
ase
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
4.
F
I
NDIN
G
S
AND
DI
SUCS
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
as
w
e
ll a
s
t
h
e
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
.
4
.
1
.
P
r
o
f
ile
o
f
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
e
s
cr
ip
tiv
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
ag
e,
g
e
n
d
er
,
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
m
ales
(
6
5
%)
an
d
th
e
ag
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
9
7
.
1
%
is
less
th
an
5
0
y
ea
r
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
8
0
.
8
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
h
o
ld
er
s
o
f
m
a
s
ter
d
eg
r
ee
i
n
I
T
an
d
6
6
.
7
%
h
a
v
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
1
0
y
ea
r
s
.
4
.
2
.
E
x
plo
ra
t
o
ry
f
a
ct
o
r
a
na
l
y
s
is
E
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
id
en
ti
f
y
th
e
r
ela
ted
n
ess
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
to
th
eir
p
h
as
e
an
d
to
in
d
icate
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t o
f
e
ac
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
E
F
A
.
T
h
e
K
MO
w
as
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
a
n
0
.
6
0
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
is
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
ar
e
ac
cu
r
ate
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
i
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
p
h
a
s
e
w
a
s
r
e
m
o
v
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
a
t
it
is
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
U
n
d
er
p
r
e
-
i
m
p
le
m
en
atio
n
ch
al
len
g
es,
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
is
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
s
tu
d
y
,
ch
o
o
s
in
g
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
,
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
tr
ai
n
in
g
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
an
d
I
T
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
Fo
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
i
tical
ele
m
en
t
is
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
C
,
av
a
ilab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
C
C
,
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
co
m
p
atab
ilit
y
w
it
h
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
leg
ac
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
I
n
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
p
o
s
t
-
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
atio
n
,
th
e
lo
ck
in
,
s
w
itch
in
g
co
s
t,
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
.
T
o
id
en
tify
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
an
d
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
s
w
ell
a
s
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e.
T
o
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ch
all
en
g
e
s
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
m
a
in
p
h
a
s
es.
1
)
C
h
al
len
g
es
r
elate
d
to
p
r
e
-
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
C
,
2
)
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tati
o
n
p
h
ase
o
f
C
C
,
3
)
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
r
elate
d
to
p
o
s
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
C
C
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
in
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
.
I
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
r
ea
d
in
es
s
is
v
er
y
cr
itical
to
estab
li
s
h
an
d
u
s
e
C
C
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
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T
ab
le
1
.
E
FA
o
f
th
e
p
h
a
s
es
R
o
t
a
t
e
d
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
M
a
t
r
i
x
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
Pre
-
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
o
st
-
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
.
8
3
3
I
n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
R
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss
.
8
1
5
F
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
S
t
u
d
y
.
8
0
0
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
.
7
7
3
R
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss o
f
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.
7
6
7
T
r
a
i
n
i
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g
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20
5.
DICUS
SI
O
N
I
n
I
r
aq
,
th
e
w
ar
h
a
s
ca
u
s
ed
m
aj
o
r
d
am
a
g
e
to
t
h
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i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
an
d
b
u
ild
in
g
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
s
u
c
h
as
in
tr
a
n
e
t,
ex
tr
an
et,
a
n
d
i
n
ter
n
et
is
e
s
s
en
tia
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
C
C
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
in
ter
n
e
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
as
p
lace
d
in
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
cr
iter
ia.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
th
e
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
ar
e
al
s
o
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
C
C
.
T
h
is
co
s
t
h
a
s
s
e
v
er
al
s
u
b
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
in
s
ta
ll
m
en
t,
co
s
t
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
t
h
e
C
C
,
co
s
t
o
f
tr
ain
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ta
f
f
an
d
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
as
w
el
l
as
n
o
n
-
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
ta
f
f
,
co
s
t
o
f
estab
lis
h
i
n
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e,
an
d
co
s
t
o
f
p
a
y
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
io
n
to
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
th
e
c
h
alle
n
g
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
C
C
r
eq
u
ir
es
n
e
w
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
t
h
at
ca
n
h
a
n
d
le
th
e
C
C
.
T
h
ir
d
ch
allen
g
e
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ed
u
c
atio
n
w
h
e
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
lear
n
i
n
g
is
u
s
ed
i
n
s
tead
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Fo
u
r
th
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
alle
n
g
e
is
r
ela
ted
to
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
eliab
i
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
clo
u
d
a
s
w
ell
a
s
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
.
L
as
t c
h
all
en
g
e
i
s
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
c
y
o
n
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
.
Sev
er
al
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
u
s
e
C
C
i
n
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
.
T
h
ese
i
n
cl
u
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th
o
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e
s
u
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as
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h
e
s
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,
lect
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ato
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o
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m
ic
s
ta
f
f
,
a
n
d
I
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p
r
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f
ess
io
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al
[
1
3
]
.
Ho
w
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v
er
,
o
n
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o
f
th
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in
d
ir
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t
ec
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n
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ic
ch
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n
g
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i
s
th
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co
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t
o
f
ad
o
p
tio
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.
Un
i
v
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itie
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in
v
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s
t
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h
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C
C
b
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m
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t
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t
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an
d
lectu
r
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s
is
li
m
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to
2
0
%
[
4
5
,
4
6
]
.
T
h
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th
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m
ak
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th
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f
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ib
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f
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C
C
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a
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d
th
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i
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ten
d
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b
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s
h
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to
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.
Oth
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v
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p
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ty
f
r
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m
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ts
id
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in
cl
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th
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s
er
v
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p
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v
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,
s
o
f
t
w
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an
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p
r
o
v
id
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s
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r
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latio
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o
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ca
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h
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cr
iter
ia
o
f
C
C
a
p
p
licatio
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s
,
w
h
ich
in
cl
u
d
e
t
h
e
cr
iticali
t
y
o
f
th
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m
is
s
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o
f
u
n
i
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s
it
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d
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s
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n
s
it
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y
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f
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ac
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co
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d
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i
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th
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v
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s
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s
[
4
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
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y
o
f
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
C
s
er
v
ices
h
a
s
m
ad
e
it
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
f
o
r
u
s
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s
to
f
in
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s
a
f
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co
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co
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[
1
8
]
.
T
h
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ch
allen
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at
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ac
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ca
tio
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in
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talli
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C
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ch
allen
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w
h
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u
s
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C
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a
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C
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e
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C
[
1
4
,
27
,
41]
.
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tio
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m
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[
3
1
]
.
R
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e
ch
allen
g
e
an
d
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
co
s
t
w
it
h
tr
ain
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ta
f
f
,
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
C
C
e
x
p
er
tis
e
to
m
a
n
a
g
e
t
h
e
clo
u
d
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
I
T
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
,
s
ta
f
f
,
a
n
d
tech
n
ici
an
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
es
tab
lis
h
i
n
g
th
e
c
lo
u
d
.
Mo
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
tl
y
,
is
th
e
r
ea
d
in
es
s
o
f
th
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e.
C
l
o
u
d
is
a
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
in
ter
n
et
f
o
r
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
in
g
,
u
p
lo
ad
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
v
id
eo
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
.
T
h
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
th
e
b
ig
g
e
s
t e
co
n
o
m
ic
ch
all
en
g
e
f
o
r
a
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
to
u
s
e
C
C
s
er
v
ice
s
[
3
8
,
44]
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
ch
alle
n
g
es
o
f
C
C
s
er
v
ices
is
a
ls
o
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
co
m
p
u
tab
ilit
y
,
le
g
ac
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
r
eliab
il
it
y
,
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
,
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
R
esear
ch
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
u
p
g
r
ad
in
g
an
d
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
n
ee
d
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
an
d
ch
o
o
s
in
g
to
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
iv
ate
c
lo
u
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
w
il
l
n
ee
d
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
to
k
ee
p
an
e
y
e
o
n
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
also
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
c
h
alle
n
g
e
b
ec
au
s
e
estab
li
s
h
i
n
g
a
g
o
o
d
C
C
r
eq
u
ir
es
g
o
o
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
C
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
c
l
o
u
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
a
n
d
a
d
d
itio
n
al
co
s
t c
o
u
ld
b
e
en
co
u
n
ter
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
to
b
e
co
m
p
atib
le
w
it
h
C
C
[
2
9
,
41]
.
Sp
ee
d
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
estab
li
s
h
h
ig
h
q
u
alit
y
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ch
a
llen
g
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
p
h
ase
[
1
4
,
3
5
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
ch
al
len
g
es
al
s
o
is
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
h
av
e
n
e
w
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t th
a
t a
r
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
a
n
ag
in
g
t
h
e
C
C
[
1
6
,
3
0
,
3
9
,
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
p
h
ase
h
av
e
cr
itical
c
h
alle
n
g
es
th
at
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
s
t,
an
d
lo
ck
-
i
n
.
E
v
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
ar
e
tech
n
ical
is
s
u
e
b
u
t
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
i
n
s
ti
tu
tio
n
.
P
r
ep
ar
in
g
,
estab
li
s
h
in
g
,
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
a
s
ec
u
r
e
clo
u
d
r
eq
u
ir
es a
d
d
itio
n
al
in
v
est
m
e
n
t b
y
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
i
es
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
C
C
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ice
s
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
e
-
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
ig
h
t
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
m
i
g
h
t
d
r
o
p
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
e
n
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
[
3
4
]
.
An
o
t
h
er
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
s
t
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
ti
o
n
p
h
ase
i
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
s
t.
O
n
ce
t
h
e
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
e
n
,
it
is
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
a
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
to
m
o
v
e
to
an
o
th
er
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
h
ig
h
co
s
t
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
[
3
9
]
an
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
w
i
ll e
x
p
er
ien
ce
t
h
e
lo
ck
-
i
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
[
4
1
]
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N,
L
I
M
I
T
AT
I
O
N
AND
DIR
E
CT
I
O
N
F
O
R
F
UT
UR
E
WO
RK
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
e
x
a
m
in
e
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
allen
g
es
o
f
u
s
in
g
C
C
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
er
v
ice
s
in
I
r
aq
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
ch
a
lle
n
g
es
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
p
h
ase,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
p
h
ase
.
I
n
all
th
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
a
s
es
co
s
t
o
f
estab
lis
h
i
n
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
C
is
th
e
m
a
in
ch
alle
n
g
e.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
w
er
e
b
ased
o
n
i
n
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
2
0
4
I
T
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
w
o
r
k
in
g
in
I
r
aq
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
ex
p
a
n
d
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
to
in
c
l
u
d
e
m
o
r
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
ta
f
f
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
en
ts
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
r
esu
lt
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
le.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
also
w
er
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
al
le
n
g
es
o
n
l
y
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
ca
n
ad
j
u
s
t
t
h
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
to
ex
a
m
i
n
e
th
e
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
ex
ter
n
al
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
as
w
ell
as
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ch
alle
n
g
es
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ice
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
s
t
u
d
i
es
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
ex
a
m
i
n
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
o
th
er
s
ec
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
as t
h
e
ch
a
llen
g
es
f
o
r
S
m
all
a
n
d
Me
d
iu
m
E
n
ter
p
r
is
e
(
SME
s
)
an
d
b
an
k
in
g
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
I.
S
o
n
,
D.
L
e
e
,
J.
-
N.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
Y.
B.
Ch
a
n
g
,
“
M
a
rk
e
t
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
n
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
in
i
ti
a
ti
v
e
s
in
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s:
A
n
e
x
ten
d
e
d
re
so
u
rc
e
-
b
a
se
d
v
iew
,
”
I
n
f.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
5
3
-
6
6
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
P
.
M
e
ll
a
n
d
T
.
G
ra
n
c
e
,
“
T
h
e
NI
S
T
De
f
in
it
io
n
o
f
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
tan
d
a
rd
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
Nist
S
p
e
c
.
P
u
b
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
5
,
p
p
.
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
566
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573
572
[3
]
I.
A
rp
a
c
i,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
p
re
d
ictin
g
stu
d
e
n
ts’
in
ten
ti
o
n
to
u
se
m
o
b
il
e
c
lo
u
d
sto
ra
g
e
se
r
v
ice
s,”
C
o
mp
u
t
.
Hu
ma
n
Beh
a
v
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
8
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
-
1
5
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
T
.
S
.
He
w
a
n
d
S
.
L
.
S
.
A
.
Ka
d
ir,
“
P
re
d
icti
n
g
th
e
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
c
lo
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
v
irt
u
a
l
lea
rn
in
g
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t:
T
h
e
ro
les
o
f
S
e
lf
De
ter
m
in
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Ex
p
a
n
sio
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
”
T
e
lem
a
t.
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
9
0
-
1
0
1
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
S
.
M
u
sta
f
a
,
B.
Na
z
ir,
A
.
Ha
y
a
t,
A
.
u
r
Re
h
m
a
n
Kh
a
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
M
a
d
a
n
i,
“
Re
so
u
rc
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
,
p
ro
sp
e
c
ts,
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,”
Co
mp
u
t.
El
e
c
tr
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
M
.
Ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
n
,
“
S
o
f
twa
re
se
c
u
rit
y
re
q
u
ire
m
e
n
ts
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
s
a
n
e
m
e
rg
in
g
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
se
rv
ice
,
”
In
t.
J
.
In
f.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
8
0
-
5
9
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
S
.
A
laa
rj,
Z.
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
a
n
d
U.
S
.
A
.
Bu
sta
m
a
m
,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
ies
o
n
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
Co
m
p
a
n
ies
:
A
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
S
e
rv
ice
S
e
c
to
r,
”
In
t.
J
.
Ec
o
n
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
5
7
-
4
7
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
S
.
A
laa
rj,
Z.
A
b
id
in
-
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
a
n
d
U.
S
.
B.
A
.
Bu
sta
m
a
m
,
“
M
e
d
iatin
g
Ro
le
o
f
T
ru
st
o
n
th
e
Ef
fe
c
ts
o
f
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
ies
o
n
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
-
S
o
c
.
Be
h
a
v
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
5
,
n
o
.
2
0
1
6
,
pp.
7
2
9
-
7
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
X
.
L
u
o
,
W
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
R.
Bo
se
,
H.
L
i,
a
n
d
Q.
B
.
Ch
u
n
g
,
“
P
ro
d
u
c
in
g
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
e
f
ro
m
a
n
i
n
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
T
h
e
c
a
se
o
f
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
In
f.
S
y
st.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
-
1
6
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
H.
G
a
n
g
wa
r,
H.
Da
te,
a
n
d
R.
Ra
m
a
s
wa
m
y
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
d
e
te
rm
in
a
n
ts
o
f
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
a
n
in
teg
ra
ted
TA
M
-
T
OE
m
o
d
e
l,
”
J
.
En
ter
p
.
I
n
f.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
-
1
3
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
J.
W
.
L
ian
,
D.
C.
Ye
n
,
a
n
d
Y.
T
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
e
x
p
lo
ra
to
ry
stu
d
y
to
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
th
e
c
rit
ica
l
f
a
c
to
r
s
a
ff
e
c
ti
n
g
th
e
d
e
c
isio
n
t
o
a
d
o
p
t
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
in
T
a
iwa
n
h
o
sp
i
tal,
”
In
t
.
J
.
I
n
f.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
-
3
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
V
.
Ra
tt
e
n
,
“
Clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
A
so
c
ial
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
o
f
e
th
ics
,
e
n
trep
re
n
e
u
rsh
i
p
,
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
se
lf
-
e
ff
i
c
a
c
y
a
n
d
o
u
tc
o
m
e
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
ra
l
in
ten
ti
o
n
s,”
Au
stra
la
s.
M
a
rk
.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
-
1
4
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
Y.
M
.
H
u
a
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
f
a
c
to
rs
th
a
t
p
re
d
isp
o
se
stu
d
e
n
ts
t
o
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
sl
y
u
se
c
lo
u
d
se
rv
ice
s:
S
o
c
ial
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s,”
Co
mp
u
t.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
7
,
p
p
.
8
6
-
9
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
P
.
P
o
c
a
ti
lu
a
n
d
C
.
T
o
m
a
,
“
T
h
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
ics
o
f
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
o
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
rv
ice
s,”
v
o
l
.
9
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
0
-
1
0
5
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
S
.
T
o
u
t,
W
.
S
v
e
rd
li
k
,
a
n
d
G
.
L
a
wv
e
r,
“
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
it
s
S
e
c
u
rit
y
in
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Pro
c
.
In
f.
S
y
st.
Ed
u
c
.
C
o
n
f.
2
0
0
9
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
W
a
sh
in
g
to
n
DC,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
E.
O.
M
a
k
o
ri,
“
Ex
p
lo
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s in
u
n
iv
e
rs
it
y
li
b
ra
ries
in
Ke
n
y
a
,
”
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Ka
y
a
li
,
N.
S
a
f
ie,
a
n
d
M
.
M
u
k
h
tar,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
In
d
iv
id
u
a
l
F
a
c
to
rs
M
e
d
iate
d
b
y
T
ru
st
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
ra
ted
b
y
IT
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
A
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
Clo
u
d
Ba
se
d
E
-
lea
rn
in
g
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
In
n
o
v
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
Ex
p
lo
r.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
Y.
A
l
-
Dh
u
ra
ib
i,
F
.
P
a
ra
is
o
,
N.
Dj
a
ra
ll
a
h
,
a
n
d
P
.
M
e
rle,
“
El
a
sticity
in
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
sta
te
o
f
th
e
a
rt
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
e
rv
.
C
o
mp
u
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
0
-
4
4
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
Q.
Zh
a
n
g
,
L
.
Ch
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
R.
B
o
u
t
a
b
a
,
“
Clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
sta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,”
J
.
in
ter
n
e
t
S
e
rv
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
0
]
J.
Ya
n
g
,
S
.
He
,
Y.
L
in
,
a
n
d
Z.
L
v
,
“
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
c
lo
u
d
tran
sm
issio
n
a
n
d
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
in
te
rn
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s,”
M
u
lt
ime
d
.
T
o
o
ls
Ap
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
3
5
-
1
7
7
5
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
D.
F
li
n
t,
“
S
t
o
rm
s
A
h
e
a
d
f
o
r
Clo
u
d
S
e
rv
ice
P
r
o
v
id
e
rs,”
Bu
s
.
L
a
w
R
e
v
.
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
2
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
S
.
A
laa
r
a
j,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
,
T
ru
st
,
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
M
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
Co
m
p
a
n
ies
in
Em
e
r
g
in
g
Eco
n
o
m
ies
,
”
In
t.
J
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
A
p
p
l
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
4
5
-
5
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
3
]
S
.
A
laa
r
a
j,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
,
T
ru
st,
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
M
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
Co
m
p
a
n
ies
in
Em
e
r
g
in
g
Eco
n
o
m
ies
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
1
7
7
th
T
h
e
IIE
R
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
9.
[2
4
]
S
.
A
laa
ra
j,
Z.
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
a
n
d
U.
S
.
A
h
m
a
d
Bu
sta
m
a
m
,
“
Ex
tern
a
l
G
ro
w
th
S
trate
g
ies
a
n
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
Em
e
r
g
in
g
M
a
rk
e
ts:
T
h
e
M
e
d
iatin
g
R
o
le
o
f
In
ter
-
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
T
ru
st,”
Rev
.
I
n
t
.
Bu
s.
S
tra
teg
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
-
2
2
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
O.
K.
J.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
“
Re
c
e
n
t
Tren
d
s
o
f
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s
in
M
e
d
ica
l,
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
F
in
a
n
c
ial,
L
ib
ra
ry
a
n
d
A
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
Disc
ip
li
n
e
s,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
4
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Fro
n
ti
e
rs
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
4
1
.
[2
6
]
H.
M
.
S
a
b
i,
F
.
M
.
E.
Uz
o
k
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6
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.
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