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2502
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4752,
DO
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1]
–
[
7]
.
S
t
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8]
–
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10]
.
H
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[
11]
s
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6]
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15
]
.
Ge
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8]
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16
]
.
I
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m
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s
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s
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s
,
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.
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wo
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
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4752
I
n
do
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s
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a
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J
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c
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&
C
o
m
p
S
c
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,
Vo
l
.
2
5
,
N
o
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
22
:
1825
-
1830
1826
Na
r
r
o
w
bi
po
l
a
r
pu
l
s
e
s
c
h
a
r
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c
t
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r
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t
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f
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r
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r
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po
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wa
s
by
[
17]
.
NB
P
s
a
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t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
ds
o
f
i
n
t
r
a
-
c
l
o
ud
f
l
a
s
h
t
h
a
t
e
m
i
t
s
s
t
r
o
n
g
r
a
d
i
o
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
(
R
F
)
r
a
di
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
hi
s
c
l
o
ud
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
a
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
h
a
pe
n
o
t
pr
e
c
e
de
d
l
e
a
de
r
-
t
y
pe
o
f
c
l
o
ud
f
l
a
s
h
a
n
d
t
y
p
i
c
a
ll
y
bi
po
l
a
r
h
a
s
a
n
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
h
a
lf
c
y
c
l
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
by
a
n
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
ot.
T
h
e
s
t
r
o
n
ge
s
t
R
F
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
e
m
i
t
t
e
d
a
ppe
a
r
s
t
o
b
e
by
t
h
e
c
l
o
ud
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
(
NB
P
)
,
n
ot
t
h
e
gr
o
un
d
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
(
r
e
t
ur
n
s
t
r
o
ke
)
[
14
]
,
[
17]
,
a
n
d
[
18]
r
e
po
r
t
t
h
a
t
NB
P
s
a
r
e
ge
ne
r
a
l
ly
n
o
t
pr
e
c
e
de
d
o
r
f
o
l
l
o
we
d
by
a
ny
o
t
h
e
r
kn
o
wn
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
w
i
t
hi
n
a
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
o
f
t
e
n
s
mi
ll
i
s
e
c
o
n
d
[
19]
.
As
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
,
th
e
NB
P
o
c
c
ur
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
r
e
f
r
e
que
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
t
r
o
pi
c
s
.
I
n
o
t
h
e
r
wo
r
ds
,
t
h
e
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
NB
P
pu
l
s
e
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
de
c
r
e
a
s
i
ng
o
f
l
a
t
i
t
ude
[
14]
,
[
15
]
.
A
c
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
l
a
t
i
t
ude
s
,
i
n
ge
n
e
r
a
l
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
u
m
e
r
ous
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
o
un
d
l
i
g
h
t
ni
ng
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
c
l
o
ud
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
.
I
t
i
s
m
o
s
t
l
i
ke
ly
due
to
t
h
e
h
a
r
m
i
t
c
a
u
s
e
d
t
o
wa
r
ds
h
u
m
a
ns
a
t
gr
o
u
n
d
l
e
ve
l
.
C
o
n
s
e
que
n
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
n
o
t
a
de
qua
t
e
i
n
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
n
d
i
ng
t
h
e
p
hy
s
i
c
s
o
f
c
l
o
ud
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
f
o
r
t
hi
s
d
i
ve
r
ge
n
c
e
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
a
m
o
n
g
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
i
s
t
h
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
t
a
ki
n
g
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
ge
pr
o
c
e
s
s
.
Ne
x
t
i
s
du
e
t
o
i
t
s
l
e
s
s
t
h
r
e
a
t
e
ni
ng
t
o
wa
r
ds
h
u
man
l
i
ve
s
a
n
d
pr
o
pe
r
t
i
e
s
a
t
gr
o
un
d
l
e
v
e
l
(
e
x
c
e
pt
wh
o
l
i
ve
s
a
t
hi
g
h
e
r
a
l
t
i
t
ude
)
[
20]
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
dv
a
n
c
e
d,
s
o
phi
s
t
i
c
a
t
e
d,
a
n
d
e
x
t
e
ns
i
ve
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
l
s
o
da
m
a
ge
s
c
a
us
e
d
by
c
l
o
ud
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
.
M
a
i
nly
i
n
t
h
e
a
vi
a
t
i
o
n
i
ndu
s
t
r
y
.
S
i
nc
e
t
h
e
NB
P
e
mi
t
s
t
r
o
n
g
R
F
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
w
hi
c
h
e
v
e
n
s
ur
pa
s
s
e
d
t
h
e
a
m
p
li
t
u
de
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
r
o
ke
,
t
h
us
,
t
h
e
v
u
l
ne
r
a
bil
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
a
vi
o
ni
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
x
po
s
e
d
to
t
h
i
s
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
w
hi
c
h
i
s
a
l
s
o
30
dB
l
o
ude
r
t
h
a
n
ot
h
e
r
kn
o
wn
l
i
g
h
t
ni
ng
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
ge
s
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
[
21]
,
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
o
v
e
r
l
o
o
ke
d
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
we
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
c
l
o
ud
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
o
f
NPB
P
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
by
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
o
f
a
f
e
w
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
hi
n
t
h
e
s
e
pa
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
e
n
s
m
il
li
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
a
pa
r
t
(
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
pu
l
s
e
e
mi
s
s
i
o
n
)
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
f
o
c
us
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
NP
B
P
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
’
s
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
ly
,
we
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
t
h
e
t
e
m
po
r
a
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
h
e
m
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
2.
M
E
T
HO
D
T
h
e
s
t
ud
y
pr
e
s
e
n
t
1466
e
x
a
m
i
ne
d
da
t
a
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
a
s
t
f
i
e
l
d
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
o
n
19t
h
J
a
n
ua
r
y
–
28t
h
A
pr
il
2017.
T
h
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
i
n
M
e
l
a
ka
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
(
2.
189
6°
N,
102.
2501°
E
)
h
a
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
f
o
ur
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
(
0.
27%
)
o
f
NPB
P
pu
l
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
s
uc
c
e
e
d
i
ng
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
f
e
w
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
po
s
i
t
i
ve
(
N=
28,
1.
9
%
)
a
n
d
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
(
N=
1,
0.
07
%
)
a
tt
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
h
r
o
ug
h
o
ut
t
h
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
c
a
m
pa
i
g
n
.
Uni
que
ly
,
ne
i
t
he
r
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
po
l
a
r
i
t
y
o
f
NB
P
n
o
r
s
uc
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
i
n
t
hi
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
udy
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
l
e
a
de
r
pr
e
c
e
de
d
by
NPB
P
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
we
r
e
f
o
un
d
i
nc
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
wi
t
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
a
t
h
un
de
r
s
t
o
r
m
.
Al
s
o
,
t
h
e
y
o
c
c
ur
a
t
t
h
e
e
a
r
l
y
a
n
d
e
n
d
-
s
t
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
un
d
e
r
s
t
or
m
.
F
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
o
n
26t
h
J
a
n
ua
r
y
2017,
o
nly
1
o
ut
o
f
120
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
wa
s
f
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
s
e
e
n
dur
i
ng
t
h
e
e
a
r
l
y
s
t
a
ge
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
o
n
22n
d
F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
2017,
3
o
u
t
o
f
202
da
t
a
wa
s
f
o
und
a
n
d
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
a
t
t
h
e
e
a
r
l
y
a
n
d
mid
-
st
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
un
de
r
s
t
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
i
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1.
T
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
i
e
l
ds
o
f
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
ni
ng
d
i
s
c
ha
r
ge
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
we
r
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
nn
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
p
l
a
t
e
a
n
t
e
nn
a
,
b
u
f
f
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
c
o
a
xi
a
l
c
a
bl
e
,
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
r
e
c
o
r
de
r
(
T
e
l
e
d
y
n
e
L
e
c
r
o
y
HD
O4024)
.
T
h
e
s
e
t
-
up
wa
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
t
o
a
s
r
e
p
o
r
ted
by
[
22]
,
[
23]
–
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
nn
a
wa
s
s
e
t
pe
r
pe
nd
i
c
u
l
a
r
t
o
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
v
e
c
to
r
a
n
d
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
to
t
h
e
gr
o
un
d
f
o
r
v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
de
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
T
hi
s
s
e
tt
i
n
g
w
i
ll
a
l
s
o
ke
e
p
t
h
e
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
c
o
m
po
ne
n
t
a
wa
y
.
T
h
e
phy
s
i
c
a
l
h
e
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
nn
a
wa
s
1.
5
m
e
t
r
e
s
w
i
t
h
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
h
e
i
g
h
t
o
f
0.
25
m
e
t
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RE
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NC
E
S
[
1]
N
.
D
.
C
la
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
D
.
J
.
M
a
la
n,
“
P
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y
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s
c
ha
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g
e
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o
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e
s
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und,”
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ly
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ou
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nal
o
f
th
e
R
o
y
al
M
e
te
or
ol
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c
al
Soc
ie
ty
, v
o
l.
83, n
o
. 356, pp. 161
–
172, Apr
. 19
57, do
i:
10.1002/qj
.49708335603.
[
2]
C
.
G
o
m
e
s
,
V
.
C
o
or
a
y
,
a
nd
C
.
J
a
y
a
r
a
tn
e
,
“
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ompa
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n
of
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li
mi
na
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y
br
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a
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in
S
w
e
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e
n
a
nd
in
S
r
i
L
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n
ka
,”
J
our
nal
of
A
tmos
ph
e
r
ic
and
Sol
ar
-
T
e
r
r
e
s
tr
ia
l
P
hy
s
ic
s
,
vol
.
60,
no
.
10,
pp.
975
–
979,
J
un.
1998,
d
o
i:
10.1016/
S
13
64
-
6826(
98)
00007
-
8.
[
3]
T
.
O
.
T
.
O
.
U
s
hi
o
,
Z
.
I
.
Z
.
.
K
a
w
a
s
a
ki
,
K
.
M
a
ts
u
-
ur
a
,
D
.
W
a
ng,
K
.
M
a
ts
u‐
ur
a
,
a
nd
D
.
W
a
ng,
“
E
le
c
tr
i
c
f
i
e
ld
s
of
in
it
ia
l
br
e
a
kdown
in
p
o
s
it
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e
gr
o
und
f
la
s
h,”
J
our
nal
of
G
e
ophy
s
ic
al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
A
tmos
phe
r
e
s
,
vo
l.
103,
n
o
.
D
12,
pp.
14135
–
14139,
J
un.
1998,
do
i:
10.1029/97J
D
01975.
[
4]
C
.
G
o
m
e
s
a
nd
V
.
C
oo
r
a
y
,
“
R
a
di
a
ti
o
n
f
i
e
ld
pul
s
e
s
a
s
s
o
c
ia
t
e
d
w
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h
th
e
in
it
ia
ti
o
n
of
p
o
s
it
i
ve
c
l
o
ud
t
o
gr
o
und
li
ght
ni
ng
f
la
s
he
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
A
tmos
phe
r
i
c
and
Sol
ar
-
T
e
r
r
e
s
t
r
ia
l
P
hy
s
ic
s
,
vo
l.
66,
n
o
.
12,
pp.
1047
–
1055,
A
ug.
2004,
d
o
i:
10.1016/j
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a
s
tp
.2004.03.015.
[
5]
A
.
N
a
g
a
nd
V
.
A
.
R
a
ko
v
,
“
E
le
c
tr
ic
f
i
e
ld
pul
s
e
t
r
a
in
s
oc
c
ur
r
in
g
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o
r
t
o
th
e
f
ir
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t
s
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o
k
e
in
n
e
ga
ti
v
e
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
gr
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und
li
ght
ni
n
g,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
E
le
c
tr
om
agne
ti
c
C
om
pat
ib
il
it
y
,
vo
l.
51,
n
o
.
1,
pp.
147
–
150,
F
e
b.
2009,
do
i:
10.1109/
T
E
M
C
.2008.2005488.
[
6]
Y
.
J
.
Y
.
Z
ha
ng,
Y
.
J
.
Y
.
Z
ha
ng,
W
.
T
.
L
u,
a
nd
D
.
Z
he
ng,
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l
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is
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nd
c
o
mpa
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is
o
n
of
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l
br
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und
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he
s
o
bs
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e
d
in
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e
ij
in
g
a
nd
G
ua
ngz
h
o
u,”
A
tmos
phe
r
ic
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l.
129
–
130,
pp.
34
–
41,
J
ul
.
2013,
do
i:
10.1016/j
.a
tm
o
s
r
e
s
.2013.03.006.
[
7]
T
.
W
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e
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ic
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.
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.
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f
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apan.
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. 4, pp. 745
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tmos
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. N
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. A
. R
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s
e
ar
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[
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.
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g
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nd
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,
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R
e
s
e
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h
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tmos
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ar
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L
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ng,”
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our
nal
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G
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f
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tmos
phe
r
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. D
4, pp. 6099
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D
090i
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04p06099.
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